InternationalJournalofBusinessandGeneral Management(IJBGM)
ISSN(P):2319–2267;ISSN(E):2319–2275
Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;1–10 ©IASET
LIVINGCONDITIONSOFFEMALEMAIDSERVANTSININFORMALSECTORS–A CASESTUDYATILKAL,BAGALKOTDISTRICT,KARNATAKA
AjitKBijjal&Dr.RobinManoharShinde2
1AssistantProfessor,SVMVVSSInstituteofManagementStudies,Ilkal,Bagalkot,Karnataka,India
2Ph.D,DepartmentofManagement,MHRM,NET&AssistantProfessor,SRINIVASCollegeofManagementandComers, Karnataka,India
ABSTRACT
Indiaisarichcountrywithpoorpeople.Wecomeacrosswiththelivingconditionsoftheformalsectorarebetterthanthe informalsectors.Itisessentialtosearchforajobforalivelyhoodforthemaidservantsandespeciallyforfemale maidservants.Mrs.IndiraGandhi,thethenprimeministerofIndiaintroduced“GRIBIHATAVO”.
ThepresentprimeministerintroducedtheNAREGASYSTEMSwithguaranteedminimumwagesforinformal sectorworkersandmaidservantsandalsoatthefreecostgivengasconnectionunderUjjwalaschemetothefemale membersofthehouseholdtoimprovethelivingconditions.Comparetothepre-independenceandpost-independenceand themodernpresentsituationthefemalemaidservantsaremoreandtheycomeoutfromtheirhouseforthelivelyhood.
Accordingtothecensusreport,itisraisedto3%intotalityfromthepast10yearssurvey.Improvementinthe fieldofeducation,employment,attitudes,behaviourespeciallyinfemalemaidservants.Governmentschemessometimes createidlethinkingamongfemalemaidservants.ItisobservedthatYoungunmarriedmaidservantsaremoreinthesociety andforwantofmoneyeventheyarenotinterestedforcedtowork.Northzoneareaconsistsofthemorefemale maidservant
KEYWORDS:LivingConditionsofMaidservants–InformalSector,Urbanization
ArticleHistory
Received:11Jul2022|Revised:14Jul2022|Accepted:15Jul2022
INTRODUCTION
Theupper-classsocietyill-treatedthelowerincomegroupofpeopleorbelowthepovertylinegroupofpeople.
Thepeoplewhostayatoneokplaceandexecutethejobiscalledasformalsectorandpeoplewhoaresearching forajobeachdayatdifferentplacesiscalledinformalsectorworkers.AfemaledomesticworkerintheVictoriaerawas thesecond-largestdomesticemploymentinIndia.Itwascontinuedinalltheplacesandiftheworkisnotsuitableforthe maidservants,theyusetochangethemasters.Maidservantshaveagreedtoallthejobswhateverthemasterassignswithout refusingevenasingleworkandill-treatthemalso.
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Thelivingconditionisverypitifulandunimaginable.Hencethenecessityarisesforemploymentforsurvival
Thewomenhaverestrictionstonotliveinthehouseatanycost.Thosedayshavegoneandenteredthefieldof competitionworldforemploymentalongwithmale-dominantworkers.
Theglobalwitnessthetotalchangeintheattitudes,values,aspirations,andwaysoffeelingandactingthe effectiveparticipationinallwalksoflife.Thefemalemaidservant’scontributiontosocietyiswitnessedinallthewalksof lifeintheentireglobe.
NowDaysmenarealsoverycooperativeforthesaidpurpose.Theeconomicconditionhasimprovedgradually asemploymentopportunitiesarecreatedwithreservationpoliciesinbothformalandinformalsectors.Femalemaid servantshavealotofchallengesintheworkandsometimesverymiserableconditionsfromeverycornermakehertakethe decisiontocontinueorsustainthetortures.FormalsectorsarecoveredbyvariouslegislationsandActswhereasinformal sectorswillnotregisteratallandhowtoidentifythem?Thereisnoroasterforfemalemaidservants.Thegovernmentmade anattempttoimprovetheirlivingconditionsonacase-to-casebasisbecause94%ofemployedbelongstoinformalsectors. Whytheyresponsibilitiessaymasterwillbeheldresponsibleevensubordinateorservantscommitamistake. Thereisnomaidservant’sassociationinthepresentsociety
LITERATUREREVIEW
Saradevi1985:inherbook“workingconditionsoffemalemaidservants”pageno14printedandpublishedat SaraprintersandpublishersinFranceexplainedveryclearlythatmaidservantswillstarttoworkasearlyas possiblestartingfrom5-00AMandworktillnight9-00PMalmosteverydayandoccasionallyextendedworking hoursonfunctionsandspecialeventsonthemaster’shouse.Oneoftherestlesspeopleormostbusypeoplefor thesociety.
SharanyaMathaji2016inherbooktitled“Maidservant’sEconomicConditions”pageno9and26printedand publishedatLakshmiPrintersandpublishers,Bangaloreindicatedthatfemalemaidservantswillstartworkat homeandproceedtosomeotherhousewhichisagreedtodothehomeworkssuchascleaningthehousewith broomsticks,washwithwater.
Outsidethehouseporewaterandputtherangoliwashutensilsandwashclothes,preparebreakfastandlunchin twoorthreehousesandcomebackandtakecareofthechildrenandfamilymembersagaintheymaygotothe housestopreparesnacksfortheeveninganddinnermealsbythatthemaidservantwillexhaustherenergyandgo thebedforsleep.Inspiteofthis,theyearnonlyameagreamount,andiftheydemandmoremoney,theymaylose anopportunitytoworkalso.Theirlivingconditionisprettypitiable.
JohnKithHeart1999:quotedthoseformalandinformalsectorsaretwogroupsofemployment
FactoriesAct1948:Formalsectorsaretoberegisteredasanindustrywiththeaidofpower10andwithouttheaid ofpower20wherethelabourersworkotherwiseitiscalledinformalsectors.
Urbanization
Thesocio-economictransformationofIndiansocietyinthepresentcenturyandespeciallyinthepostindependenceperiodintheformofindustrialization,urbanization,westernization,thespreadofeducation,and enhancedemploymentopportunitiesforfemalemaidservantshavebroughtaboutaseriesofperceptiblechanges inthestatus,outlook,workviewandattitudesespeciallyeducatedmiddle-classfemalemaidservantsandwomenin general.
WorkParticipationRate
Moremaidservantsarecomingoutofthefourwallsoftheirhomeinsearchofgainfulemploymentwhichis evidentfromtheslowbutsteadilyrisingwithaminimumof3%fromthepast10years.
InformalSector
Maidservants
Intheformalsector,womenhavetremendousworkpressureandarenotavailabletodotheirownjobsandhence theydependonthemaidservantstofinishtheday-to-dayjobsstartingfrombroomingthedust,cleaningthehouse, washingclothes,andutensils.Eventheyhavetocareforthebabiesasafull-timeworker.
Thewomenhavetogototheofficefortheiremploymentandtheworktobedonesimultaneouslysuchas sendingthebabytoschool,bathing,dressingpreparingbreakfast,andmakingthemeattheyhavetimeconstraint hencedependencyismustotherwisetheyhavetoleavetheirjob.withinthesalarytheyearnistobesharedasa subcontractoftheemploymenttothemaidservantsandhencetheymayofferonlylesssalaryorwages.
SCOPEANDNATUREOFTHESTUDY
TimeistakentointeractwithIlkalcityfemalemaidservantsandtounderstandtheirlivingconditionsbyanalysing andexploringthepossibilitytomakethemovercometheproblemsbysuggestingtothepolicymakers
Demographicinformationhelpedtoidentifythelivingconditionsofthefemalemaidservants
StatementoftheProblem
Thestudytitled“Livingconditionsoffemalemaidservantsininformalsectors–AcasestudyatIlkal,BagalkotDistrict, andKarnataka”
TheObjectiveoftheStudy
Toidentifythelivingconditionsofthefemalemaidservants
Toidentifytheneedforemploymenttothemaidservants
Toidentifythemajordifferencebetweenthemaidservantsemployedintheformalandinformalsector
SourceofData
PrimaryDatawascollectedbyframingastructuredquestionnaireandafewsecondarysourcesofdatafromother literature,networks,etc.,
SampleSize
100samplesselectedfromsimplerandomsamplinginandaroundILKALcity
ResearchDesign
Thestructuredquestionnaireisframedanddistributedandexplainedinthelocallanguageandcollectedthedataonone-tooneinformation.Exploratory,descriptive,andanalyticalresearchmethodswereemployedforthestudy
Limitation
ForthestudypurposeonlymaidservantsofIlkalcityconsidered
Onlyinformalsectoristakenforstudy
ImpactFactor(JCC):7.4543 NAASRating3.51
INTERPRETATION
Full-timemaidservantsaremorecomparedtopart-timemaidservantsandtheleastimportanceisgiventooccasional maidservants.Andinanaveragenorthzoneareareceivesmorefemalemaidservantsandsouthzoneistheleastandeast andwestfollowsaspersequencesofNEWS(N=North,E=East,W=West,andS=south).
Interpretation
Fromthechart,itisobservedthatlessthantheageof18aremorefemalemaidservantsfollowedbytheagegroupbetween 18-20,20-25,40andabove,respectively.
Interpretation
FromtheaboveitisbeenobservedthattheUnmarriedfemalerespondentsfonddominantwhichconstitutes60%followed byMarried,widowed,separated,divorced,anddeserted.Unmarriedhasasignificantroleinthefemalemaidservantsin Ilkalcity.
Itisobservedfromthechartthatfemalemaidservantsborrowmoneyforday-to-dayexpenseswith40%followedbyany functionssuchasmarriagewith29%,purchasingofconsumableitemswith13%,andpurchaseoffurniture,fixtures,tv, washingmachines,etcwith10%andwithleast8%fordeathinthefamily.
Itisnotedfromthechartthat40%offemalemaidservantsaresatisfiedwiththeirworkand52%ofmaidservantsnot satisfiedintheirworkandonly8%areneutral.
Interpretation
Moneylendershavemoreinfluenceonfemalemaidservantsbecause50%areborrowingmoneyfromthemandfollowedby Employers,andrelatives.Thishas18%and12%.10%equallysharedbybanksandfinancialinstitutionsandfriends.
Interpretation
Fromthischartlowwagesisthemajorreasonfordissatisfaction60%ofthefemalemaidservantscomeunderthiscategory andnoleisuretimeis7%whichistheleastreasonfollowedbyBadtreatmentwith15%,heavyworkloads10%andtimeconsumingis8%.
Findings
Majorityofthefemalemaidservantsarerelativelyyoungandunmarriedandlessthan18yearsofagefollowedby theagegroupof19to20years.
Majorityoffemalemaidservantsareverypoorandilliterates
Majorityoffemalemaidservantsworkfortheprotectionoffamily
SuggestionsandConclusions
ThecontributionofthefemalemaidservantstoanindividualhousepeopleisacknowledgednotonlyinILKAL buttheentireworld.Therefore,itistheresponsibilityofthegovernmenttoframessomelegislationintheabsence oflegislation.
Empowerthefemalemaidservanteconomically.Treatthemaidservantsastheirfamilymembers.Supportthem whenitisrequired.CreateagoverningbodyandBoardsseparatelyandaskeachinformalsectorworkertoenrol compulsory.
Sincetheearningmembersarefewerandeatingmembersaremoreitimbalanceinthelivingconditions.Advise extendingsometimeforentertainmentsothattheyalsowillbehappy.Ahealthyworkerisaproductiveworker.. Ifyouwaiveofftheloansborrowedbythemtheywillbecomelazy.Seetheextractbelow.
Theconversationbytwoyounggirlsanddepictstheirattitude.Judgeineachcaseandextendthehelpinghand onlyforthedeservedpeopleandnottoeverybody.
Veryinterestingfiction.Perhaps,youneverstayedinvillagesandseehowthesefreebieswork.Farmersare demandingtheminimumsupportpriceandnotfewthousandasfree.Forexample,paddyasperMSPshouldbe purchasedat1850butnowinthemarket,itispurchasedatRs.1200.foreverybag,thefarmerislosingRs.650. Howmanyfreebiescancovertheloss?Allcropsarelikethat.Priceatthefarmerandmarketpricehasalarge gap.Whoisgettingbenefitted?Thinkover.
Unfortunately,eventhehighlyeducatedpeoplethinkthegovernmentgetstaxonlythroughemployeeincometax. Inthetotaltax,incometaxisonlyafraction.Everyperson,poororrich,coolieorCEO,wheneverthey purchasesomething,paystaxthroughmerchants.Whetherthemerchantpaysallthecollectedtaxtothe Governmentis,though,doubtful
Pleasedonotspreadincorrectmessagesaboutvillagers.
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ImpactFactor(JCC):7.4543
NAASRating3.51