InternationalJournalofApplied andNaturalSciences(IJANS)
ISSN(P):2319–4014;ISSN(E):2319–4022
Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;9–14
©IASET
REASONSOFFARMERSSUICIDEINJAYSHANKARBHUPALPALLYDISTRICTOF TELANGANASTATE
LavudyaMadhu1&DipakKumarBose2
1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgriculture,Extension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
2AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculture,Extension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
ABSTRACT
ThestudywasconductedinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaStatetostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide. Throughquotasamplingmethod10deceasedfarmerswereselectedatrandom,thusatotal120respondentswereselected fromtheselectedtenvillagestostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterviewmethod byusingpre-structuredinterviewscheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysiswasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion. Thestudyrevealedthatmajorityofthedeceasedfarmers(53.33%)belongedtooldagegroup,68.33percentweremales, 43.34percentwereilliterate,39.17percenthadsmallsizeoffamily(1-3members).Mostofthedeceasedfarmers (38.33%)hadsmallsize(1-2.5acres)offarmsizewhile35.84percentofthedeceasedfarmershadmediumsize(2.5-5 acres)offarmsizeand25.83percentofthedeceasedfarmershadhigh(morethan5acres)offarmsizeduringthetimeof suicide.Themajorreasonsforsuicideareduetoindebtedness(91.67%)andwasrankedfirst,duetocroprelated issues(86.67%)andwasrankedsecond,duetofamilyproblems((79.17%)andwasrankedthirdasreportedbythe victim’sfamily.
KEYWORDS:Suicide,Victim,Reason
ArticleHistory
Received:30Jun2022|Revised:05Jul2022|Accepted:15Jul2022
INTRODUCTION
InIndia,theproblemsoffarmerscametolightin1990whentheperiodofliberalizationstarted.Itisduetothe liberalizationandglobalizationthattheimportoffoodgrainsatcheaperpriceshasalreadybegunandontheotherside increasedinputcostswhilereducingyieldsandprofits.Furtherthefarmersinourcountryareforcedtoburntheirready cropsrightinthefields.Thereasonwhytheyaredoingsoisthattheyarenotabletogetgoodpricefortheircropsand sometimestheoverallpricewhichtheygetaftersellingtheirharvestfallsfarlowerthanthetotalsuminvestedbythemin farming.InIndia,everyyearthefarmershavetosufferhugelosseseitherduetodroughts,orfloodsordamagebypests anddiseases.Whatevermaybethereasonsofarforthelossoftheircrops,theyend-upemptyhandedandmanytimesfail torepaytheirdebtastheyborrowhugeamountofmoneyfrommoneylendersorfromtheirlandlordsfortheirfarming occupationcoupledwiththerisinginterestontheirloanamount.Insuchasituation,theysufferfromhumiliationandin suchaconditiontheirpersistingpsychologicalagonyforcesthemtocommitsuicide(Dealluck2012).
Farmersarethusexposedtoahighrateofstress.Physicalstressorsandhazardsofthefarmenvironmentare compoundedbyregulatoryframeworkandeconomicdynamicsofmanagingfarmbusiness.Theseoperateinthecontextof
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decliningtrendsoftradeforagriculturalproduce,volatilecommoditymarkets,limitedavailabilityofoff-farm employment,growingcostofmachineryandproductionandlossoffarmorlivelihoodduetocropfailures.Economic concernsandgovernmentbureaucracyhavebeenconsistentlyidentifiedasamajorcauseofstressandacontributorto suicide.Thereisnocustomaryormandatoryretirementageforfarmersallovertheworldandmanytendtoworkbeyond thecustomaryretirementage,placingtheyoungergenerationinadependantrelationshipwiththeirparentsformuch longerthanistypical.Thiscanleadtotensionbetweenthetwogenerationsonthefarm.Rolesbetweenwork,homeand familyareoftenblurred,withfarmingoperatingasanoccupationandwayoflifeformanyfarmers.Researchhadshowna relationshipbetweenmonetaryandfamilyproblemswithsuicide(Anjali2017).
Agriculturenotonlyprovidesemploymenttoalmosthalfofthepopulationbutitisalsorelatedtoourfood security.Inadequatereturninagriculturehascausedsteepriseinmigrationfromvillagesandabout40percentofthe farmerswouldwanttoquitagricultureandtakeupsomeothercareerasapartoflivelihood(Carleton2017).
Telanganastandsinthethirdpositioninnumberoffarmers'suicidesinthecountryaccordingtoNCRBandADSI REPORT,2019.Higherleveloffarmersuicidesisascribedtocottoncultivationandcontinuousdrought.Outofthetotal farmersuicidesinTelangana,70to75percentaretenantfarmers.AllIndiaDebitandInvestmentSurvey2019revealed thatincidenceofindebtednesswerealarminginTelanganawith64percentwhichisintoprankinthecountry.
MATERIALSANDMETHODS
ThestudywasconductedinJayshankarBhupalpallyDistrictofTelanganaStatetostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.. Descriptiveresearchdesignwasadoptedforthestudyasitdescribesthecharacteristicsorphenomenathatarebeing studied.Throughquotasamplingmethod10deceasedfarmerswereselectedatrandom,thusatotal120respondentswere selectedfromtheselectedtenvillagestostudythereasonsoffarmerssuicide.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterview methodbyusingpre-structuredinterviewscheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysis(i.e.frequency,percentage, correlation,Rankbasedquotient(RBQ)etc.)wasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion.
OBJECTIVESFORTHESTUDY
Toaccessthesocio-economicprofileofrespondents.
Todeterminethemajorreasonsforfarmerstocommitsuicide.
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
Fromthetable-1.Itwasfoundthat42.5percentoftherespondentsareundermiddleagegroup(36-50).Majority (68.33%)ofrespondentsaremale.Itwasfoundthat43.34percentoftherespondentsareilliterate.Majority(63.33)of respondentsareItwasfoundthat39.1723percentoftherespondentsareundermediumfamily(4-6).Majority(53.33%) ofrespondentsareowners.Itwasfoundthat38.33oftherespondentsareundersmallfarmsize(1-2.5acres).Majority (81.67%)ofrespondentsareundernonsubsidyoccupation.Majority(58.33%)ofrespondentsarehavingmedium(2-3 lakh)annualincome.Majority(78.33%)ofrespondentshavinglowexpenditurepermonth.Similarfindingisalsoreported byRanade(2017).
1.ToDeterminetheMajorReasonsforFarmerstoCommitSuicide.
Table2:MajorReasonsforFarmerstoCommitSuicide
Fromtheabovetablewasnoticedthatthemajorreasonsforsuicidesinthestudyareaareindebtedness,crop relatedissues,familyproblems.Remainingallotherreasonswereminorreasons.Variousreasonshavebeenofferedto explainwhyfarmerscommittedsuicideinstudyarea.Nosinglecausewasresponsibleforsuicidebutdeceasedfarmers weremotivatedbymorethanonecause,onaveragethreeormorecausesforcommittingsuicide.Similarfindingwerealso reportedbyBehere(2018)
CONCLUSION
Itwasconcludedthatmajorityofthedeceasedfarmersweremalesandbelongedtooldagegroupandilitrate.Majorityof respondentsarebelongstonuclearfamily,hadsmallsizeoflandholdings,hadlowlevelsofannualincomeandtheir expenditurepermonthwasalsolow.Themajorreasonsforsuicidesareindebtedness,croprelatedissues,familyproblems. Nosinglecausewasresponsibleforsuicidebutdeceasedfarmersweremotivatedbymorethanonecause,onaveragethree ormorecausesforcommittingsuicide.Extensionagencyisadvisedtomakearrangementsforextensionworkerstoreside invillagesandbuildgoodrapportwithfarmingcommunityandbeavailableallthetimeforsolvingdaytodayproblems andgivingsupportwhichwithhelptorelievethestressoffarmer.
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