InternationalJournalofHumanities andSocialSciences(IJHSS)
ISSN(P):2319–393X;ISSN(E):2319–3948
Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;149–158 ©IASET
KNOWLEDGEANDATTITUDEOFTHEBENEFICIARIESTOWARDSACTIVITIESOF BAIFDEVELOPMENTRESEARCHFOUNDATIONINSEONIDISTRICTOFMADHYA PRADESH
AbhishekLodhi1&Dr.SyedH.Mazhar2
1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgricultureExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
2Professor,DepartmentofAgricultureExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
ABSTRACT
ThestudywasconductedinSeoniDistrictofMadhyaPradesh.Atotalnumberof120respondentswereselectedrandomly from6villageunderDhanaurablocktomeasurethelevelofknowledgeandattitudetowardsactivitiesofBAIF DevelopmentResearchFoundation.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterviewmethodbyusingpre-structured interviewscheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysiswasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion.Thestudyrevealedthat mostofthebeneficiaries42.50percentwereofmiddleagegroupand25.00percentoftherespondentwerefunctionally literate,and46.67percentrespondentswereilliterate.Itwasfoundthatmajority50percentoftherespondentweresmall farmersi.e.,2.5to5acres.Thefindingsalsorevealed47.50percentofrespondentsarehavingmediumlevelofknowledge followedby32.50percenthighand20percentoflowlevelofknowledgetowardstheactivitiesofBAIFDevelopment ResearchFoundation.Itwasfoundthat40percentofrespondentsarehavingmediumlevelofattitudefollowedby33.33 percenthighand26.67percentlowlevelofattitudetowardsactivitiesofBAIFDevelopmentResearchFoundation.
KEYWORDS:BAIFDevelopmentResearchFoundation,KnowledgeandAttitude
ArticleHistory
Received:11Oct2022|Revised:13Oct2022|Accepted:15Oct2022
INTRODUCTION
Indiahasalongtraditionofvoluntaryactionthroughasystemofdharma(obligation)anddaan(charity).However,during pastpreindependenceeraespeciallyinthelatenineteenthcenturytherewasupriseinnationalmovement.Firedby modernthinkinganddynamicenthusiasm,theleadersandreformersleadorganisationswithideasofco-operation, nationalism.Non-GovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs)andvoluntaryactionhavebeenpartofthehistoricallegacy.Inthe 19thandearly20thcenturies,severalvoluntaryeffortswerestartedinthefieldsofhealth,educationetc.TheNGOsbecame prominentafterindependence,especiallyafter1970s.Thiswaspartlybecauseofthelimitedsuccessofpastdevelopment policiespursuedbythegovernment.Evenafterhalfacenturyofdevelopmenteffortsinitiatedbythestate,theproblemsof poverty,hunger,malnutrition,unemployment,genderinequality,illiteracyetc.,continuetoIndiansociety.Oneofthe importantcontributingfactorsforthelimitedsuccessofruraldevelopmentprogrammeswasthenon-participationofthe peoplesforwhomtheprogrammesweremeant.Theneedformicro-levelinstitutionstoinvolvethepeopleinthe formulation,implementationandmonitoringoftheprogrammesis,therefore,stressedinseveralquarters.
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BAIFbelievesthatthefocusoftheprogrammeshouldbeontheruralfamilyratherthanonavillage,becausethe villageasawholehasaheterogeneouscharacterinrespectofsocio-economicstatus.Ifthisimportantfactoverlooked,a fewwell-dofamiliesofthevillagesinvariablygrabthebenefitofdevelopment.Asaresult,thedevelopmentagency becomesinstrumentalinwideningthegapbetweentherichandthepoor.Withthisthinking,BAIFenteredinitiallyinthe areaofdairy,cattleproduction,Afforestation,tribalrehabilitation,promotionoffruitorchardsandhasintroduced watershedplanning,run-offwaterharvest,sericulture,apiculture,bio-energyandcommunityhealthprogrammesforthe upliftmentoftheruralpooringeneralmeansandspeciallyforthewomenandchildren.Suchactivitiesenablethemto settledownsocio-economicallywithinatimeframeof5-7years.BAIFalsobelievesthatactiveparticipationand involvementofwomeninthedevelopmentprogrammesisthemasterkeytoacceleratetheprocessofchangeinthefamily asawhole.Ifthewomaniskeptinthebackground,materialmaybepossiblebutthequalityoflivingcannotbeachieved. Thisimprovesthequalityofday-to-daylifeandparticularly,adramaticchangeinthedevelopmentofchildrenisobserved.
MultidisciplinaryProgramsofBAIF
1.LivestockDevelopment
Developmentofgoodqualitydairyanimalsisapowerfultoolforgainfulself-employment.BAIFhasmaintainedanelite herdofJerseyandHolsteinFriesianbreedsattheCentralResearchStationatUrulikanchan.Withaviewtoconserve nativebreeds,Gir,Sahiwal,Hallikar,Amrutmahal,DangiandOngolebreedsofcattle,Surti,MurrahandJafrabadibreeds ofbuffaloesandramsofSirohiandOsmanabadigoatsarealsomaintained.
2.TribalRehabilitationthroughAgri-Horti-Forestry
Theprojectaimsatprovidingsustainablelivelihoodandimprovedqualityoflifetothetribalfamiliesinvolvesdeveloping orchards,popularlyknownasWadi,onwastelandsownedbyapoortribalfamily.Thisprogrammeensurestheactive involvementoftheentirefamily,particularlythewomen.BAIFhasrecognizedthetraditionaltribalcustomWavlithat ensurescompleteauthorityofwomenovertheincomegeneratedfromvegetablecultivationintheirbackyards.Manyother incomegenerationactivitieshavenowbeenintroducedasWavlitobroadbasetheprogramme.
3.CommunityHealth
CommunityHealthfocusesonimprovedhealthstatusofthefamilythroughpromotionofsafedrinkingwater,hygieneand sanitationfacilities,nutritiousdiet,immunization,motherandchildhealthcare,familywelfare,nutritiongardensand healtheducation.Preventivecareandfirstlevelcurativecareareensuredthroughresearch,motivationandtrainingof traditionalmidwives,localfieldfunctionariesandhealthguides.
4.EmpowermentofWomen
Improvingruralwomenandgirls’healthandempoweringthemtoaddresstheirownneedsbyinitiatinggenderresponsive collectiveactionsandinstitutionalizingprocessesaretheobjectivesofthisprogramme.Theprojecthasbeenlaunchedin9 locationsinthestatesofMaharashtra,Karnataka,Gujarat,Rajasthan,UttarPradeshandMadhyaPradeshbyestablishinga networkwithotherleadingvoluntaryorganisationssuchasHaloMedicalFoundationandChaitanya.
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
Ex-postfactoresearchdesignwasfollowedforthepresentstudy.Anex-postfactoresearchdesignisamethodinwhich groupswithqualitiesthatalreadyexistarecomparedonsomedependentvariable.Alsoknownas“afterthefact”research.
150 AbhishekLodhi&Dr.SyedH.Mazhar ImpactFactor(JCC):7.3299 NAASRating3.17
ThepresentstudywasconductedinSeonidistrictofMadhyaPradesh.Outof8blockofSeonidistrict,Dhanaurablockis selectedbypurposivesamplingforthestudybasedonassumptionthattheblockhasmaximumnumberofbeneficiaries benefitedthroughBAIFNGO.Fromtheselectedblock,6villagewereselectedrandomly.
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
Table1:PersonalProfileoftheBeneficiaries
Fromthetable1,itshowsthat42.50percentoftherespondentsbelongtothemiddleagegroup.Findoutthat 33.33percentoftherespondentareilliterate.Itisevidentthat50percentrespondentsbelongtothebackwardclass category.Findoutthat59.83percentoftherespondentwerehavingmediumsizeoffamily.Itisevidentthat50percentof therespondentsweresmallfarmers.Findoutthat39.17percentwerefarmers.Intermofannualincome51.67percent respondentshasmediumlevelofannualincomeinwhich50.00percenthadlandholdingof1-2acre.Itisevidentthat 43.33percentoftherespondentswerehavingmediumlevelofsourceofInformation.Findoutthat48.33percentofthe respondentwerehavingmediumlevelofsocialParticipation.Itisevidentthat47.50percentoftherespondentswere havingmediumextensionContacts.
KnowledgeandAttitudeoftheBeneficiariesTowardsActivitiesofBaifDevelopmentResearchFoundation 151 inSeoniDistrictofMadhyaPradesh
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S.NoIndependentvariables Category Frequency Percentage 1. Age Young(Upto35years) 42 35.00 Middle(36-55years) 51 42.50 Old(above55years) 27 22.50 2. Education Illiterate 40 33.33 Functionallyliterate 30 25.00 Primaryschooleducation 20 16.66 Middleschooleducation 20 16.67 Higherschooleducation 10 8.34 3 Cast SC/ST 35 29.16 OBC 60 50.00 General 25 20.84 4 Sizeoffamily Small(1-3) 36 30.00 Medium(4-6) 61 50.83 Large(>6 23 19.17 5. Landholding Marginalfarmers(<1acre) 40 33.34 Smallfarmers(1-2acre) 60 50.00 Bigfarmers(>2acre) 20 16.66 6 Occupation Farming 47 39.17 Farming+AlliedActivities 41 34.17 Farming+SmallBusiness 32 26.66 7 AnnualIncome Low(<50000) 33 27.50 Medium(50001-100000) 62 51.67 High(>100000) 25 20.83 8 SourceofInformation Low(12-18) 47 39.17 Medium(19-24) 52 43.33 High(25-30) 21 17.50 9. SocialParticipation Low(10-14) 39 32.50 Medium(15-18) 58 48.33 High(19-22) 23 19.17 10 ExtensionContact Low(9-12) 41 34.17 Medium(13-15) 57 47.50 High(16-18) 22 18.33
Table2:KnowledgeoftheBeneficiariestowardsActivitiesofBAIFDevelopmentResearchFoundation
Itwasreportedthat38.33percent,43.33percentand18.33percentoftherespondentsrespondedfullycorrect, partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘BAIFinstituteforsustainablelivelihoodanddevelopment’. 31.66percent,53.34percentand15.00percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasa responseforthestatement,‘Properunderstandingoftheschemehasbeencreatedamongtheruralmasses’.39.16percent, 44.17percentand16.67percentoftherespondentsofBAIFreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasa responseforthestatement‘BAIFhasimprovedthelivesofbeneficiariesbygeneratingincome’.35.83percent,49.17 percentand15percentoftherespondentsofreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthe statement,‘SincereeffortshavebeenmadebyPanchayatimembersinimplementingtheprogramme’.45percent,50.83 percentand4.17percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthe statement‘Womenarealsoencouragedtoregisterforemploymentinthisinstitution’.40.84percent,43.33percentand 15.83percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘The employmentprovidesisabletogenerateadequateincomepurchasebasicneeds’.52.50percent,40percentand7.5percent oftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘Thecommunity hasbeengreatlybenefitedbytheasset’screation’.
Similarly,40percent,51.67percentand8.33percentoftherespondentswerereportedfullycorrect,partially correctandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘ThegramPanchayathasaccomplishedtheNgosuccessfully’.30 percent,51.67percentand18.33percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasa responseforthestatement,‘BAIFhasconcentratedmoreontheinfluentialpeople’.52.50percent,47.50percentandzero percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,
152 AbhishekLodhi&Dr.SyedH.Mazhar ImpactFactor(JCC):7.3299 NAASRating3.17
S.No Statement Response Fully Correct Partially Correct Incorrect F % f % f % 1. BAIFinstituteforsustainablelivelihoodanddevelopment. 4638.335243.332218.33 2. Properunderstandingoftheschemehasbeencreatedamongtherural masses. 3831.666453.341815.00 3. BAIFhasimprovedthelivesofbeneficiariesbygeneratingincome. 4739.165344.172016.67 4. SincereeffortshavebeenmadebyPanchayatimembersin implementingtheprogramme. 4335.835949.171815.00 5. Womenarealsoencouragedtoregisterforemploymentinthis institution. 5445.006150.8354.17 6. Theemploymentprovidesisabletogenerateadequateincome purchasebasicneeds. 4940.845243.331915.83 7. Thecommunityhasbeengreatlybenefitedbytheasset’screation. 6352.504840.0097.50 8. ThegramPanchayathasaccomplishedtheNgosuccessfully 4840.006251.67108.33 9. BAIFhasconcentratedmoreontheinfluentialpeople. 3630.006251.672218.33 10. Employmentprovisionfortheruralpeoplesespeciallydisadvantaged sections. 6352.505747.500 0 11. Inthisschememenandwomenaretreatedequally. 4638.334739.172722.50 12. BAIFhasbeenabletodeveloptheruralcommunityandprovide employment. 3630.008470.000 0 13. Thisprogrammedoesnotdiscriminatebetweentherichandthepoor.2823.337461.671815.00 14. ItisgoodthatBAIFprovidesemploymenttoableandwillingrural peoples. 8671.662823.3465.00 15. TheBAIFNgohashelpedthebeneficiariestosustainthemselves duringoff-season 4235.006957.5097.50
‘Employmentprovisionfortheruralpeoplesespeciallydisadvantagedsection’.38.33percent,39.17percentand22.50 percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘Inthis schememenandwomenaretreatedequally’.30percent,70percentandzeropercentoftherespondentreportedfully correct,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘BAIFhasbeenabletodeveloptheruralcommunity andprovideemployment’.23.33percent,61.67percentand15percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partially correctandincorrectasaresponseforthestatement,‘Thisprogrammedoesnotdiscriminatebetweentherichandthe poor’.71.66percent,23.34percentand5percentoftherespondentsreportedfullycorrect,partiallycorrectandincorrectas aresponseforthestatement,‘ItisgoodthatBAIFprovidesemploymenttoableandwillingruralpeoples’.35percent, 57.50percentand7.50percentoftherespondentsreportedfully,partiallycorrectandincorrectasaresponseforthe statement,‘TheBAIFNgohashelpedthebeneficiariestosustainthemselvesduringoff-season’respectively.
Itisclearlyvisiblethatmost(47.50%)oftheBAIFbeneficiarieshadmediumlevelofknowledgeonBAIFNgo, (20.00%)oftheBAIFbeneficiarieswerehavinglowlevelofknowledgeonBAIFNgoand(32.50%)oftheBAIF beneficiarieswerehavinghighlevelofknowledgeonBAIFNgorespectively.Theabovefindingsareintheaccordance withthefindingsofPatel(2013).
KnowledgeandAttitudeoftheBeneficiariesTowardsActivitiesofBaifDevelopmentResearchFoundation 153 inSeoniDistrictofMadhyaPradesh
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S.No Category Frequency Percentage 1. Low(16-25) 24 20.00 2. Medium(26-33) 57 47.50 3. High(34-45) 39 32.50 Total 120 100
Table3:DistributionofBAIFBeneficiariesaccordingtoTheirOverallKnowledge(n=120)
Figure1:DistributionofBAIFBeneficiariesaccordingtotheirOverall Knowledge.
DevelopmentResearchFoundation
Fromthetable4itwasreportedthat26.66percent,63.34percentand10.00percentoftherespondentresponded asagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatementof,‘BAIFisaboonfortheall-rounddevelopmentofthe village’.39.16percent,42.50percentand18.37percentoftherespondentsreportedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasa responseforthestatement,‘BAIFenablespracticingimproveddairybusinessprovidingartificialinseminationfacility’. 26.66percent,45.00percentand28.34percentoftheBAIFrespondentsrespondedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasa responseforthestatement,‘BAIFisamodelofgovernancereformanchoredontheprincipleofgrassrootdemocracy’. 35.00percent,44.16percentand20.84percentoftherespondentsreportedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponse forthestatement,‘BAIFisademanddrivenprogramme’.17.50percent,43.33percentand39.17percentoftheBAIF respondentsreportedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘BAIFenablespracticingimproved agriculturebyprovidingtechnicalinformation’.
Similarly,40.83percent,47.50percentand11.67percentoftherespondentsrespondedasagree,undecidedand disagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘BAIFhasincreasedtheriftbetweenrichandpoor’.30.00percent,41.66percent and28.34percentoftherespondentsrespondedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘BAIF hashelpedinimprovingtheeconomicstatusofthefarmers’.32.50percent,56.66percentand10.84percentofthe respondentsofBAIFNgorespondedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘TheBAIFhas enabledthevillagerstooverpowertheiraddictionsandremovetheirpoverty’.22.50percent,38.33percentand39.17 percentoftherespondentsreportedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘Jobcardmaybe obtainedwithin15daysofapplication.’
154 AbhishekLodhi&Dr.SyedH.Mazhar ImpactFactor(JCC):7.3299 NAASRating3.17
Table4:AttitudeoftheBeneficiariestowardsActivitiesofBAIF S.No Statements Response Agree Undecided Disagree F % f % F % 1. BAIFisaboonfortheall-rounddevelopmentofthe village. 32 26.66 76 63.34 12 10.00 2. BAIFenablespracticingimproveddairybusiness providingartificialinseminationfacility. 47 39.16 51 42.50 22 18.37 3. BAIFisamodelofgovernancereformanchoredonthe principleofgrassrootdemocracy 32 26.66 54 45.00 34 28.34 4. BAIFisademanddrivenprogramme. 42 35.00 53 44.16 25 20.84 5. BAIFenablespracticingimprovedagricultureby providingtechnicalinformation. 21 17.50 52 43.33 47 39.17 6. BAIFhasincreasedtheriftbetweenrichandpoor 49 40.83 57 47.50 14 11.67 7. BAIFhashelpedinimprovingtheeconomicstatusof thefarmers. 36 30.00 50 41.66 34 28.34 8. TheBAIFhasenabledthevillagerstooverpowertheir addictionsandremovetheirpoverty. 39 32.50 68 56.66 13 10.84 9. Jobcardmaybeobtainedwithin15daysofapplication 27 22.50 46 38.33 47 39.17 10. IshallpersistentlytrytoprovetheBAIFofmyvillage asidealatnationallevel. 21 17.5 54 45.00 45 37.50 11. Independentandself-sufficientvillagescannotbe createdthroughtheBAIF. 18 15.00 48 40.00 54 45.00 12. BAIFhashelpedinraisingprestigeofthepeopleinthe society. 12 10.00 84 70.00 24 20.00 13. TheBAIFhashelpedtocreatemoreemployment opportunitiesinthevillage. 38 31.66 57 47.50 25 20.84
Forthestatement,‘IshallpersistentlytrytoprovetheBAIFofmyvillageasidealatnationallevel’17.50percent, 45.00percentand37.50percentoftherespondentsofBAIFwererespondedasagree,undecidedanddisagreerespectively. 15.00percent,40.00percentand45.00percentoftherespondentswererespondedasagree,undecidedanddisagree respectivelyforthestatement,‘Independentandself-sufficientvillagescannotbecreatedthroughtheBAIF’.10.00percent, 70.00percentand20.00percentoftherespondentswerereportedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeforthestatement, ‘BAIFhashelpedinraisingprestigeofthepeopleinthesociety’,47.50percentand20.84percentoftherespondentswere respondedasagree,undecidedanddisagreeasaresponseforthestatement,‘TheBAIFhashelpedtocreatemore employmentopportunitiesinthevillage’.
Fromthefigure2itisclearlyvisiblethat40.00percentoftherespondentshadmediumlevelofattitude,33.33 percentoftherespondentshadhighlevelofattitudeand26.67percentoftherespondentshadlowlevelofattitude respectively.ThisfindingwassupportedbyfindingofChouhan(2013).
KnowledgeandAttitudeoftheBeneficiariesTowardsActivitiesofBaifDevelopmentResearchFoundation 155 inSeoniDistrictofMadhyaPradesh www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us
S.No Category FrequencyPercentage 1. Low(16-25) 32 26.67 2. Medium(26-32) 48 40.00 3. High(33-39) 40 33.33 Total 120 100.00
Table5:DistributionofBAIFBeneficiariesaccordingto theirOverallAttitude
Table6:AssociationbetweenIndependentVariablesandKnowledgeoftheBAIFBeneficiaries S.No Characteristics CoefficientofCorrelation(r) 01. Age 0.41945* 02. Education 0.54471* 03. Caste 0.73027* 04. Landholding 0.54462* 05. Occupation 0.27125* 06. AnnualIncome 0.77875* 07. Sizeoffamily 0.68643* 08. Sourcesofinformation 0.20187* 09. SocialParticipation 0.58564* 10. Extensioncontacts 0.50271* Significant-NSNonsignificant
Figure2:DistributionofBAIFBeneficiariesaccordingto TheirOverallAttitude.
Fromtable4.3.1itwasinterpretedthatsocio-economiccharacteristicslikeage,education,caste,landholding, occupation,annualincome,sizeoffamily,sourcesofinformation,socialparticipationandextensioncontactshadpositive andsignificantassociationwiththeknowledgeleveloftherespondents.Theabovefindingsareintheaccordancewiththe findingsofSubhash(2018).
Table7:AssociationbetweenIndependentVariablesandAttitudeoftheBAIFBeneficiaries
Fromthetable4.3.2itwasinterpretedthatsocio-economiccharacteristicslikeage,caste,landholding,occupation, annualincome,sizeoffamily,sourcesofinformation,socialparticipationandextensioncontactshadpositiveandsignificant associationwiththeattitudeleveloftherespondents.Whereas,educationhadnon-significantassociationwiththeattitude leveloftherespondents.TheabovefindingsareintheaccordancewiththefindingsofPrabuilligeretal.(2017).
CONCLUSIONS
ItisconcludedthatthemostoftheBAIFbeneficiarieswasofmiddleageandtheireducationlevelisilliterate.Mostofthe BAIFbeneficiarieswasofbackwardcategory.MajorityoftheBAIFbeneficiariesweresmallfarmersandhavingmedium sizeoffamily.MostoftheBAIFbeneficiarieswasfarmerastheiroccupationhavingmediumlevelofannualincome.Most oftheBAIFbeneficiarieswashavingmediumlevelofsourcesofinformation,socialparticipationandextensioncontacts. TheoverallknowledgeoftheBAIFbeneficiarieswasfoundundermediumlevel.TheoverallattitudeoftheBAIF beneficiarieswasfoundundermediumlevel.
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156 AbhishekLodhi&Dr.SyedH.Mazhar ImpactFactor(JCC):7.3299 NAASRating3.17
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