InternationalJournalofHumanities andSocialSciences(IJHSS)
ISSN(P):2319–393X;ISSN(E):2319–3948
Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;57–62 ©IASET
ANANALYSISOFKNOWLEDGEOFWOMENABOUTAGRO–BASEDENTERPRISES
INKRISHIVIGYANKENDRA,UTUKURU,KADAPADISTRICTOFANDHRAPRADESH
GraceDeepthi1&Jahanara2
1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgriculturalExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
2Professor,DepartmentofExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
ABSTRACT
WomenarevitaltoIndianeconomyandareamajorproductiveworkforce.Nearly84percentofalleconomicallyactive womeninIndiaareengagedinagriculturalandalliedactivities.InIndianagriculture,womencontinuetoshareanumber offarmoperationswithmen.Agriculturesectoremploys80%ofalleconomicallyactivewomeninIndia;theycomprise 33%oftheagriculturelabourforceand48%oftheself-employedfarmers.InIndia,85%ofruralwomenareengagedin agriculture,yetonlyabout13%ownland.
ThestudywasconductedUtukuru,KadapadistrictofAndhraPradeshwiththeobjectiveofascertaintheextent knowledgeoftherespondentsaboutdifferentagrobasedenterprises.Total120respondentswereselectedpurposively underKadapa.Descriptivetypeofresearchprocedurefollowedtodevelopedscale.Thefindingofthestudyrelatedthat 57.50percentoftherespondentsbelongtomiddlelevelagedgroup.Italsorevealedthat21.66percentrespondentshigh schoollevelofeducationand45percentrespondentshavemediumlevelofannualincomeand50.83percentrespondents weremediumleveloflandholding.Thefindingalsorevealedthat52.50percentoftherespondentswerehavingmedium levelofknowledgeonagrobasedenterprisesinKVK.Theindependentvariablesoftherespondentsareage,education, annualincome,farmingexperience,typeofhouse,familysize,landholding,massmediaexposure,materialpossession andextensioncontactwerepositivelyandsignificantlycorrelatedwiththedependentvariable(knowledge)at0.01%of probability.Thereforenullhypothesiswasrejectedforthesevariables
KEYWORDS:Knowledge,AdoptionandEmpowermentofRuralWomen
ArticleHistory
Received:11Jul2022|Revised:21Jul2022|Accepted:25Jul2022
INTRODUCTION
WomenarevitaltoIndianeconomyandamajorproductiveworkforceinIndianeconomy.Nearly84percentofall economicallyactivewomeninIndiaareengagedinagriculturalandalliedactivities.InIndianagriculture,womencontinue toshareanumberoffarmoperationswithmen.Agriculturesectoremploys80%ofalleconomicallyactivewomenin India;theycomprise33%oftheagriculturelabourforceand48%oftheself-employedfarmers.InIndia,85%ofrural womenareengagedinagriculture,yetonlyabout13%ownland.
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Multi-DimensionalRoleofWomen
Agriculture:Sowing,transplanting,weeding,irrigation,fertilizerapplication,plantprotection,harvesting, winnowing,storingetc.
Domestic:Cooking,childrearing,watercollection,fuelwoodgathering,householdmaintenance.
Alliedactivities:Cattlemanagement,foddercollection,milkingetc.
Horticulture:Vegetableproduction,flowerproduction,fruitproduction.
Sericulture:Silkwormrearing,cocoonproduction.(Sunithaetal.2018)
DevelopmentPerspective
Duetoglobalizationoftradeandagricultureandthepolicyreformsatnationallevel,thescopeandopportunitiesinthe agri-entrepreneurshiphavesignificantlyexpanded,leadingtoanextraordinarybusinessinterestinthissector.Theworld wondersandhopefulforthefastgrowingIndianruralmarket,whichiscrucialforbuildingcorporategrowthstrategyinthe country.Accordingtosurveys,totalruralmarketinIndiaislargerthanurbanmarket.Pandey(2013)suggestsnumerous areasofentrepreneurshipinagriculturewhichincludedairying,sericulture,goatrearing,rabbitrearing,floriculture, fisheries,shrimpfarming,sheeprearing,vegetablecultivation,nurseryfarmingandfarmforestry.
LivelihoodSecurityThroughEntrepreneurshipDevelopment
Agricultureisconsideredasthemaineconomicactivitywhichaddstotheoverallwealthofthecountry.Inthepast, agriculturewasseenasalow-techindustrydominatedbynumeroussmallfamilyfirms,whicharemostlyfocusedondoing thingsbetterratherthandoingnewthings.However,overthelasttwodecades,thissituationhaschangeddramaticallydue toeconomicliberalizationandafastchangingsociety.Agriculturalcompanieshavetoadapttotheerraticdemandsofthe market,varyingconsumerhabits,stringentenvironmentalregulations,newrequirementsforproductquality,foodsafety sustainability,andsoon.Thesechangeshaveopenedthewayfornewentrants,innovation,andportfolioentrepreneurship. Farmers,researchers,agriculturalbusinessandgovernmentshaverecognizedthisandemphasizedforamore entrepreneurialenvironmentinthefarmingbusiness(DeLauwereetal.,2002;McElwee,2008;Pyysiäinenetal.2006). Agriculturalentrepreneurshiphasasignificantimpactonbusinessgrowthandsurvival(Verheesetal.,2011).Therefore,it callsbothsmallscaleandlargescalefarmerstopracticeentrepreneurialagriculture.
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
Descriptiveresearchdesignwasadoptedforthestudyasitdescribesthecharacteristicsorphenomenathatarebeing studied.ThepresentstudywasconductedinYSRKadapadistrictofAndhraPradesh.Outof51blocksinYSRKadapa district,C.K.DinneblockisselectedpurposivelybaseduponthenearnesstolocalKVK.Fromtheselectedblock,four villageswereselectedpurposivelybaseduponthenearnesstolocalKVK.Theentiredatacollectedwastransformedinto thescorefortabulationandsuitablestatisticaltestsareappliedasperthenatureofdatatodrawlogicalconclusions.
ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987
NAASRating3.17
58 GraceDeepthi&Jahanara
FromtheTable–1,itshowsthat57.50percentoftherespondentsbelongtothemiddleagegroup.Inthestudy,it wasfoundthat21.66percentoftherespondentshavehighschoollevelofeducationstatus.Intermsofannualincome 45.00percentoftherespondentshavemediumlevelofincome.56.67percentoftherespondentshavecementedtypeof houseand50.83percentoftherespondentshave2-5acresoflandholding.45.00percentoftherespondentshavesmall familysize.Itisalsoevidentthat50.00percentoftherespondentshavemediumleveloffarmexperience.Itisevidentthat 54.17percentoftherespondentshavemediumlevelofsourceofinformationand45.00percentoftherespondentshave mediumlevelofmaterialpossession.44.17percentoftherespondentsareincontactwithextensionagent.Thesimilar findingswerealsoreportedbyKumar(2020).
AnAnalysisofKnowledgeofWomenAboutAgro–BasedEnterprisesinKrishiVigyanKendra,Utukuru, 59 KadapaDistrictofAndhraPradesh www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
S.NoIndependentVariables Category FrequencyPercentage 1.Age Young(Upto35years) 26 21.67 Middle(36-50years) 69 57.50 Old(above50years) 25 20.83 2.Education Illiterate 16 13.34 Primary 24 20 JuniorHighSchool 22 18.33 HighSchool 26 21.66 Intermediate 20 16.67 Graduate 12 10 3Annualincome Rupees<50,000 35 29.17 Rs.50,001-1,00,000 54 45.00 Rs.>1,00,000 31 25.83 4.Typeofhouse Mudtype 12 10.00 Semi–cemented 40 33.33 Cemented 68 55.67 5Familysize Small(3-4) 54 45.00 Medium(5-7) 45 37.50 Large(>7) 21 17.50 6Landholding Upto2acres 39 32.50 2to5acres 61 50.83 Morethan5acres 20 16.67 7FarmingExperience Low(<5years) 34 28.33 Medium(5-10years) 60 50.00 High 26 21.67 8.MassMediaExposure Low 26 21.66667 Medium 65 54.16667 High 29 24.16667 9.MaterialPossession Low 49 40.83 Medium 54 45.00 High 17 14.17 10Extensionagentcontact Low 41 34.17 Medium 53 44.17 High 26 21.66
Table1:Socio-EconomicProfileoftheRespondents
ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987
Table2:KnowledgeoftheRespondentinAgro-BasedEnterprises
60 GraceDeepthi&Jahanara
NAASRating3.17
S.No Statements KnowledgeLevel Fully Correct f(%) Partially Correct f(%) Not Correct f(%) I MUSHROOMCULTIVATION 1. ButtonmushroomthepopularvarietyofmushroomsinIndia 23 (19.16) 69 (57.5) 28 (23.33) 2. Freshstrawsuitableforoystermushroomcultivation 27 (22.5) 63 (52.5) 30 (25) 3. Freshspawnrecommendedforcultivatingmushrooms 29 (24.16) 71 (59.16) 20 (16.66) 4. Pest,fungi,nematodesattackthebuttonmushrooms 31 (25.83) 61 (50.83) 28 (23.33) 5. Awareofthemostlikelyoccurringdiseasesinmushrooms 28 (28.33) 64 (53.33) 28 (23.33) I) II VALUEADDITIONTOOILSEEDS 1. Awareofgroundnutproductslikegroundnutmilk,peanutbutter,peanut cookies,groundnutchikki 32 (26.66) 63 (52.5) 25 (20.83) 2. Awarethatgroundnutmilkcanbeusedasasupplementtodiet 31 (25.83) 53 (44.16) 36 (30) 3. AwareofFSSAIstandards 28 (28.33) 71 (59.16) 21 (17.5) 4. Awareoftheshelf-lifeofpeanut 31 (25.83) 59 (49.16) 30 (25) 5. Awarethatpeanutsarerichinbio-actives/anti-oxidants 32 (26.66) 63 (52.5) 25 (20.83) III VALUEADDITIONINMILLETS 1. Awareofthatmilletsarerichinanti-oxidants 23 (19.16) 76 (63.33) 21 (17.5) 2. Awareofthatvariousfoodproductscanbeprocessedfrommillets 32 (26.66) 62 (51.66) 26 (21.66) 3. Awareofthatmanyready-to-eatsnackscanbeprepared 32 (26.67) 61 (50.83) 27 (22.5) 4. Awareofthatmilletsarerichinproteinandhavelowcarbohydratecontent 28 (23.33) 66 (55) 26 (27.08) III. IV. VERMI-COMPOST 1. Awareofthatvermi-compostissuitableforanycrop 27 (22.5) 65 (54.16) 28 (23.33) 2. Awareoftherecommendedquantityandtimeofapplicationofvermi compostindifferentcrops 23 (19.16) 58 (48.33) 39 (32.5) 3. Awareofthesignwhenthevermicompostprocessisreadytoharvest 32 (26.667) 58 (48.33) 30 (25) 4. Awareoftheuseofpongamiaandneemleavesinvermicompostprocess 30 (20) 67 (55.83) 23 (19.16) 5. Awarethatvermicompostisrichinorganiccarbon 21 (17.5) 65 (54.16) 34 (28.33) IV. V. PROCESSINGANDVALUEADDITIONTOTOMATO 1. Knowsthattomatoesarerichinpotassium,magnesium,phosphorousand smallamountsofcalcium 31 (31) 61 (50.83) 28 (23.33) 2. KnowthattheycontainalotofVitA,VitCandVitB3 27 (22.5) 73 (60.83) 20 (16.66) 3. Knowthattomatoesareexcellentsourceofantioxidants,lycopene 32 (26.66) 72 (60) 16 (13.33) 4. Knowthattomatopreventsprostatecancer 34 (28.33) 56 (46.66) 30 (25) 5. Knowthattomatocanbefittedintodifferentcroppingsystems 39 (32.5) 58 (48.33) 23 (19.16)
Itwasclearlyvisiblethatmajority(52.50%)oftherespondentshadmediumlevelofknowledgeonagro-based enterprisesinKVK,25.30percentand22.5percentoftherespondentshavelowandhighlevelofknowledgeonagrobasedenterprisesinKVKrespectively.ThesimilarfindingswerealsoreportedbyJayanta(2017)
enterprisesinKVK,25.30percentand22.5percentoftherespondentshavelowandhighlevelofknowledgeonagro-
Table4:RelationshipBetweenSelectedIndependentVariableswithKnowledgeof RespondentsDepictedinbelow
*=Correlationissignificantatthe0.01levelofprobability
*=Correlationissignificantatthe0.01levelofprobability
FromtheaboveTable4,itisanalysedthatthevariablesnamely1analysis,thevariablesnamelyage,education,
FromtheaboveTable4,itisanalysedthatthevariablesnamely1analysis,thevariablesnamelyage,education, annualincome,farmingexperience,typeofhouse,familysize,landholding,massmediaexposure,materialpossession andextensioncontactwerepositivelyandsignificantlycorrelatedwiththedependentvariable(knowledge)at0.01%of probability.Thereforenullhypothesiswasrejectedforthesevariables.
CONCLUSION
Itisconcludedthattheageofthemajorityrespondentswasatmiddleagegroupandtheireducationlevelisalsomedium.
Itisconcludedthattheageofthemajorityrespondentswasatmiddleagegroupandtheireducationlevelisalsomedium. Respondentshavemediumlevelofinterestinmassmediaexposure.Theoverallknowledgeoftherespondentswasfound undermediumlevel.Theoveralladoptionoftherespondentswasfoundundermediumlevel.Theindependentvariablesof therespondentsareage,education,annualincome,farmingexperience,typeofhouse,familysize,landholding,mass
AnAnalysisofKnowledgeofWomenAboutAgro–BasedEnterprisesinKrishiVigyanKendra,Utukuru, 61 KadapaDistrictofAndhraPradesh www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us Table3:DistributionofRespondentsAccordingtoTheirOverallKnowledgeLevel S.No. Category Number Percentage 1. Low(25-40) 30 25.30 2. Medium(41-56) 63 52.5 3. High(57-72) 27 22.5 Total 120 100.00
Figure1:DistributionofRespondentsBasedontheirOverallKnowledgeLevelonAgroBasedEnterprisesinKVK.
Sl.No. Variables CorrelationCoefficient 1 Age 0.998474 2 Education 0.826033 3 Annualincome 0.996102 4 Typeofhouse 0.826033 5 Familysize 0.325754 6 Landholding 0.918623 7 Farmingexperience 0.988501 8 Massmediaexposure 0.989602 9 Materialpossession 0.662103 10 Extensioncontact 0.871523
1. 30 25.30 2. Medium(41-56) 63 3. High(57-72) 27 100.00
RespondentsDepictedinbelow 1 Age 2 3 Annualincome 4 5 Familysize 6 7 8 9 Extensioncontact
mediaexposure,materialpossessionandextensioncontactwerepositivelyandsignificantlycorrelatedwiththedependent variable(knowledge)at0.01%ofprobability.Thereforenullhypothesiswasrejectedforthesevariables
REFERENCES
1.Jayanta(2017)Knowledgelevelaboutnutritionandhomemanagementpracticesamongsmallandmarginal categoriesoffarmwomen.JournalofDairyingfoodandHomeSciences,14(4)pp237-240
2.Kumar(2020)ImpactofDWCRAonsocioeconomicdevelopmentofruralwomen,Indianjournalofextension education3(1-4).
3.PandeyG.(2013)Agripreneurshipeducationanddevelopment:needoftheday.AsianResonance.2(4):155-7.
4.Sunitha,N.H.,Naik,ChandraandHanumanthappa,D.(2018).RoleoffarmwomeninIndianagriculture. InternationalJournalPlantSciences,13(2):265-270
5.VerheesF,LansTandVerstegenJ.(2012).Theinfluenceofmarket-andentrepreneurialorientationon strategicmarketingchoices:thecasesofDutchfarmersandhorticulturalgrowers.JournalonChainand NetworkScience.12(2):167-180.
ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987
NAASRating3.17
62 GraceDeepthi&Jahanara