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American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences

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ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793 AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)

Distribution of ABO and Rh (D) Allele Frequency among Five Endogamous Groups of Haryana, India Manisha Saini1 & Abhay Singh Yadav2 Junior Research Fellow (HSCST), Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 2 Professor, Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 1

Abstract: The present study was intended to investigate the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) allele frequencies in five endogamous groups of Haryana (Bishnoi, Sunar, Nai, Gujjar and Kamboj). The frequency of allele A ranges from 0.09- 0.31 while of allele B varies from 0.18- 0.45 and of O varies from 0.35- 0.72. In Rh (D) blood group system the frequency of allele d varies from 0.24- 0.37 while the frequency of allele D ranges from 0.63 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 0.76. The frequency range of all the alleles studied falls well within the range of other populations of Haryana. Keywords: ABO, Rh blood groups, allele frequency, endogamous groups

I. Introduction Haryana is a state of mixed populations because of continuous migrations and mixing. It is situated in north-west region of India. There are 82 communities identified in Haryana [1]. Although these communities are quite widely distributed yet only infrequent studies are available regarding the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in different endogamous groups of Haryana [2]-[18]. Knowledge of blood group systems is important in management of provincial blood bank and transfusion services and also in presenting insight into potential of future burden of diseases and helps to take precautionary measures against it. The present study was planned to investigate the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in five endogamous groups belonging to Haryana (Bishnoi, Nai, Sunar, Gujjar and Kamboj). II. Materials and methods Sample collection and analysis Blood samples were collected by finger-prick method from 1000 healthy, unrelated individuals of both sexes belonging to Bishnoi, Sunar, Nai, Gujjar and Kamboj populations of Haryana. All of these communities belong to backward class of Haryana and samples were collected from Gurgaon, Karnal, Panchkula, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Rohtak and Jind district of Haryana. ABO and Rh (D) blood grouping was performed simultaneously. Slide agglutination method was used for the present investigation. A drop of each antisera-A, antisera-B and antisera-D was placed on to a clean, labeled glass slide and a drop of blood was added and mixed immediately. Agglutination with antisera-A showed A blood group, with antisera-B showed B blood group and with both A and B showed AB and with neither of these showed O blood group. Agglutination of blood with D showed positive test for D antigen. Statistical Analysis Allele frequencies of ABO blood group system were calculated according to Yasuda [19] and d allele frequency was calculated by square root method. Statistical calculations were done using chi-square test. III. Results Table 1 represents the phenotypes and allele frequencies of ABO blood groups. In ABO blood group system, the frequency of A allele was found to be highest in Nai (0.31) and lowest in Bishnoi (0.09). Gujjar (0.45) has the highest frequency of B allele while Bishnoi (0.18) has the lowest B allele frequency. The allele frequency for O blood group was found to be highest in Bishnoi (0.72) followed by Sunar and Kamboj (0.49), Gujjar (0.40) and lowest in Nai (0.35). Chi-square value for ABO blood groups was significant only in Gujjar population group indicating heterogeneous distribution and the remaining population groups showed nonsignificant differences demonstrating homogenous distribution. The phenotype and gene frequencies of Rh (D) blood group are given in table 2. The gene frequency of D allele was found to be maximum in Bishnoi (0.76) and minimum in Sunar (0.63). Frequency of allele d was highest in Sunar (0.37) followed by Gujjar (0.28), Nai and Kamboj (0.26) and lowest in Bishnoi (0.24).

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Table I. Phenotype and allele frequency of ABO blood group in five endogamous populations of Haryana Population group

ABO phenotype

ABO allele frequency

Chi- square value

Significance

Bishnoi

200

Obs. Exp.

30 30

54 58.8

12 7.09

104 103.97

0.72

0.09

0.18

3.78

Non-significant

Nai

200

Obs. Exp.

64 63.42

84 69.78

28 42.19

24 24.5

0.35

0.31

0.34

7.68

Non-significant

Sunar

200

Obs. Exp.

40 39

88 89.8

24 23.12

48 48

0.49

0.17

0.34

0.39

Non-significant

Gujjar

200

Obs. Exp.

28 28.08

128 113.2

12 26.76

32 32

0.40

0.15

0.45

10.07

Significant

Kamboj

200

Obs. Exp.

59 59

64 67

29 26.04

48 47.82

0.49

0.24

0.27

0.47

Non-significant

Obs. - observed, Exp. – expected Table II. Phenotype and allele frequency of Rh (D) blood groups in five endogamous populations of Haryana Population group Bishnoi Nai Sunar Gujjar Kamboj

Rh (D) phenotype Rh (D)+ Rh (D)188(94%) 12(6%) 186(93%) 14(7%) 172(86%) 28(14%) 184(92%) 16(8%) 187(93.5%) 13(6.5%)

Rh (D) Allele frequency D d 0.76 0.24 0.74 0.26 0.63 0.37 0.72 0.28 0.74 0.26

IV. Discussion Several earlier studies have reported that frequency of allele A varies from 0.066 in Yadav to 0.356 in Bazigar [18]. The frequency of A allele (0.09-0.31) observed in the present study fits well in the range earlier data reported. The value of B allele frequency varies from 0.185 in Sunar to 0.566 in Sikh Harijans of Moga [20] in various populations of North-West India and in the present study (0.18-0.45) it was found to be fit in the above mentioned range. In Haryana, frequency of allele d ranges from 0 in Kamboj [21], [22] to 0.420 in Jat[8]. The allele frequency range for d allele (0.24-0.37) observed in present study is in agreement with the earlier reported studies. V. Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that the pattern of ABO and Rh blood groups distribution of Haryana is in accordance with North-West Indian population. It was observed from the study that most frequent allele is O in Bishnoi, Nai, Sunar and Kamboj population while it is B allele in Gurjar population. There is homogeneous distribution of ABO alleles in all the castes studied except Gurjars. The least frequent allele in all the populations is A and d. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

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Acknowledgements The authors are sincerely grateful to the authorities of Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra for providing all the mandatory facilities for present study and to all the volunteers who gave the blood samples.

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