Aijrfans15 449

American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences

Available online at http://www.iasir.net

ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793 AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER OF PHALTAN TAHSIL OF SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA Dattatray. D. Virkar Department of Chemistry, Mudhoji College, Phaltan. Tal – Phaltan Dist. –Satara. MS (India) Abstract: Analysis of ground water samples from different locations of Phaltan Tahasil was carried in the year 2012-2013. The ground water quality was assessed by examining various Physico-Chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec),Total Hardness(TH),Total dissolved solids(TDS),calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, Nitrates, sulphates and bicarbonates. The observed values of these parameters were compared with the standards given by WHO & ISI. It was found from the present study that, the drinking water quality of post monsoon was better than pre monsoon season.

While some of the samples were found within the permissible limits, some samples shows variation in Physico-chemical parameters.

Keywords: Phaltan Tahsil ground water Physico-Chemical parameters.

I. INTRODUCTION Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. It is an essential constituent of all animal and plant life. It is also used for irrigation, agriculture and industrial purpose. Among the natural resources ground water forms invisible component of the system. The invisible ground water resources can scientifically investigated. In Phaltan tahsil monsoon is always irregular due to that underground water contains many salts.

The domestic waste and municipal waste also percolate into the underground water. Many people from the various villages in this tahsil are completely depend on well and bore well water for domestic and agriculture purpose. Hence quality of ground water is very significant. The water samples were collected from the various places in the study area during period of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in the year 2012-2013 and physiochemical characteristics has been studied. The chemical analysis was carried out, based on the procedure stipulated by APHA (1995). The water quality parameters viz pH, Electrical conductance (Ec), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness(TH), calcium(Ca), Magnesium(Mg), Sodium(Na),Potassium(K), Chlorides(Cl),Sulphates(SO4), Nitrate(NO3) and bicarbonates has been studied.

II. STUDY AREA Study which is situated in Phaltan Tahsil of Satara district of Maharashtra. The Phaltan tahsil is drought prone zone of Satara district. It is lies between 180 00’ N Latitude and 740 29’E longitude. It consist of total 160 Villages out of which about 2/3 villages are comes in drought prone zone & I have selected 12 villages from this zone their sample code number and sample locations given in table No. 1 Table No. 1 Sample No.

Location

W1

Adarki (Well water)

W2

Tathawada ( Well water)

W3

Bibi (Well water)

W4

Girvi (Well water)

W5

Jawali (Well water)

W6

Barad (Well water)

W7

Dudhebavi (Well water)

W8

Taradgaon (Well water)

W9

Kalaj (Well water)

W10

Thakurki (Well water)

W11

Upalve (Well water)

W12

Andrud (Well water)

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Dattatray. D. Virkar, American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, 12(1), September-November, 2015, pp. 46-48

III. EXPERIMENTAL Ground Water samples were collected from 12 different villages of Phaltan tahsil in the month OctoberNovember 2012(Post- monsoon) and April-May 2013(Pre-monsoon). The samples were collected in plastic bottles having capacity of 1 litre. These bottles were labelled properly and analysed in laboratory, PH meter of model L/11/L1610, Elicomake was used for determination of pH. The Conductivity meter model CM 180, Elicomake was used to electrical conductance, TDS meter model EUTECH instrument AKTON TDS was used to determine TDS. Flame photometer of systronic make was used to determine Na + & K+. The other parameters were analysed by using standard methods (APHA-AWWA and WPCF 1995).

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The results obtained from the analysis of water samples of 12 villages pre monsoon and post monsoon of Phaltan tahasil are given in table No-2 with post-monsoon and Pre monsoon. The results were compared with drinking water standards WHO (1988), [IS: 10500 (1991)].

Table No. 2 Codes

W1 W2

pH

Ec. TDS TH Ca Ion Mg Ion In mmhos/cm (Mg/L) (Mg/L) (Mg/L) (Mg/L) Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon 6.9 7.6 0.83 1.1 390 610 224 390 80 87 35.1 37.0 6.7 7.3 0.72 0.9 230 400 160 275 51 62 26.6 30.5

W3

7.0

8.1

0.77

1.17

270

470

172

290

W4

6.7

8.4

W5

8.0

9.1

W6

7.3

W7

6.7

W8 W9

1.11

1.7

500

720

332

515

1.05

1.65

500

740

228

425

8.2

1.2

1.78

330

580

162

336

7.3

1.32

1.81

630

850

172

327

7.8

8.4

0.74

0.92

410

625

268

413

7.1

8.0

0.72

0.90

330

560

180

292

W10

7.0

8.2

1.61

2.13

7.30

915

312

527

W11

7.1

7.3

1.33

2.3

544

1491

159

204

W12

7.3

7.4

0.71

2.0

410

1280

211

283

65.0

BIS: 10500

Codes

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 BIS 10500

6.5 – 8.5

--

500 – 2000*

300 – 600*

57.7

60.2

27.8

29.3

101

112

56.3

59.5

67.3

70.4

39.2

42.8

57.7

66

25.4

30.2

109

115

15.3

18.6

67.3

75

48.9

50.4

52.9

62.0

31.0

31.5

107

120

50.0

52.4

72.0

62.0

16.0

14.0

22.0

21.0

37.0

75- 200*

30 – 100*

Na Ion K Ion HCO3SO4— NO3Cl(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon Monsoon 96.6 112 17.6 20.5 318 408 186 170 30 35 315 260 73.3 88.2 14.4 33.2 410 450 112 117 45 52 305 276 73.3 85.6 22.8 30.5 440 512 158 160 78 82 120 107 81.6 109 9.78 13.4 515 560 184 175 70 75 172 145 123.3 140 10.32 18.3 620 701 212 220 62 70 85 82 84.0 45.3 21.1 32.0 190 225 145 161 42 52 160 123 121 146 16.3 20.3 340 400 112 110 47 53 105 98.5 65.1 44.4 10.86 14.5 322 360 125 117 38 42 240 215 133 152 10.4 15.4 540 610 175 167 70 75 370 327 165 210 19.8 26.3 664 700 186 178 78 86 512 410 130 113 16.5 3.4 320 293 170 180 64 35 310 376 110 112.2 15.2 5.7 470 451 184 160 45 60 260 263 150 – 200-600 * 200-400 * 45-100 * 250-1000 *

#All the above values are in mg/L except Ec .is in mmhos/cm and pH pH value of ground water samples varied between 6.7 to 8.0 and 7.3 to 9.1 in post monsoon and pre monsoon season respectively . The pH value of sample No 5 (Jawali) found to be 9.1 which was beyond the permissible limit.

Electrical conductivity varied between 0.7 to 1.32 mmhos/cm and 0.9 to 2.13 mmhos/cm in post and pre monsoon season respectively. TDS varied from 159 to 332 and 400 to 1491 in post monsoon and pre monsoon

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Dattatray. D. Virkar, American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, 12(1), September-November, 2015, pp. 46-48

respectively. Total hardness values are varied from 159 to 527 in both the season and all were in permissible limit. Calcium and magnesium values in both the season were found to be in permissible limit sodium and potassium values were also found to be in permissible limit.

The bicarbonates alkalinity values in post monsoon were also in the permissible limit. In the pre monsoon season sample No 5 (Jawali) and sample No 10 (Thakurki) was crossed the permissible limit. The chloride,sulphate and Nitrate Values were also found to be in permissible limit.

V. CONCLUSION The values of pH , TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na and alkalinity were found to be higher in pre monsoon than the post monsoon. High values may be due to low water level. The high TDS values may be due to ground water pollution, waste water from residence, hospital and dying units were discharged in to pits and ponds which percolates down to the water table.

In general ground water of Phaltan tahasil is safe in post monsoon season but it is harmful in pre monsoon season as it may create kidney stone and other kidney related problems.

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