Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
After the Boom
Prospects for Latin America and the Caribbean in South-South Trade
Paolo Giordano (Coordinator)
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
After the Boom
Prospects for Latin America and the Caribbean in South-South Trade
Paolo Giordano (Coordinator)
September 2013
Cataloging-in-Publication data provided by the Inter-American Development Bank Felipe Herrera Library Trade and integration monitor 2013 : After the boom Prospects for Latin America and the Caribbean in South-South Trade/Paolo Giordano, Jeremy Harris, Alejandro Ramos, Barbara Ramos.
p. cm. “Trade and Integration Monitor”—t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
1. International trade. 2. Commerce—Caribbean Area. 3. Commerce—Latin America. 4. Free trade— Caribbean Area. 5. Free trade —Latin America. I. Paolo Giordano. II. Jeremy Harris. III. Alejandro Ramos. IV. Barbara Ramos. V. Inter-American Development Bank. Integration and Trade Sector. HF1379.T73 2013 IDB-MG-167 http://www.iadb.org The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. The IDB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The unauthorized commercial use of Bank documents is prohibited and may be punishable under the Bank’s policies and/or applicable laws. Copyright © 2013 Inter-American Development Bank.
The Trade and Integration Monitor is an annual report that tracks the state of Latin American and Caribbean integration into the global trading system. It draws on data publicly available through INTrade, the IDB Trade and Integration Information System (www.iadb.org/intradebid). The Monitor is the product of a collaborative research effort within the Integration and Trade Sector (INT) of the Inter-American Development Bank under the general supervision of Antoni Estevadeordal, Sector Manager. This edition was coordinated by Paolo Giordano, INT Principal Economist, and written in collaboration with Jeremy Harris, Alejandro Ramos, and Barbara Ramos. Niklas Eklund, Simon Evenett, Romina Gayá, Patricia Iannuzzi, Kun Li, and Kathia Michalczewsky contributed valuable background notes which were incorporated in different sections of the report. Kyungjo An and Cristian Solano contributed to the preparation of the statistical background material. Martha Skinner, Carolina Barreto, and Carolina Osorio provided support to the team in the production of the document. The team acknowledges the comments provided by Mauricio Mesquita Moreira and Ziga Vodusek at different stages of the production process. Data included in this report are the most recent available in the respective sources as of 15 August, 2013.
Contents Prologue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Shifting Patterns in Global Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Rise of South-South Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Strategic Value of Intra-LAC Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Policy Obstacles to South-South Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Private Sector Opportunities in South-South Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2. Country Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3. Agreement Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4. Data Sources and Methodological Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Annex: Country Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 v
Prologue The structure of the world economy has changed substantially in recent years and continues to evolve. Advanced economies have gradually recovered from the 2008–2009 financial crisis, but some instability persists and growth rates remain low. Developing countries, on the other hand, have emerged from the crisis showing strong economic performance and high growth rates. This changing economic landscape reinforced a decade-long trend of shifting trade patterns. Documenting these long-term trends and analyzing their impact on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is a priority for the countries in the region. The Trade and Integration Monitor 2013 is the latest in a series of annual reports that monitor the state of LAC integration into the global trading system. These reports are produced by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-American Development Bank, and draw on a vast amount of data publicly available through INTrade, the IDB Trade and Integration Information System. This year’s report analyzes extensive data on emerging opportunities provided by South-South trade. It finds that while LAC’s trade with traditional partners in the North has suffered from declining growth in both volume and value, the region’s trade with emerging economies in the South has grown and taken on a character that is qualitatively different from trade with developed countries. LAC exports to the South provide opportunities for more diversification and greater participation of manufactured goods. This potential is even more pronounced in the context of intra-LAC trade. Indeed, during the last decade the South-South trade route has been an avenue for much-needed export-led growth in the region. The global economic outlook is still plagued by uncertainty, but it is unlikely that the long-term trend that points to a greater role for South-South trade will be completely reversed, although some of the drivers of South-South trade growth documented in this report might lose steam in the short term. In order to maintain momentum and harness trade opportunities with the South, the region’s policymakers should focus on broadening and consolidating their countries’ networks of free trade agreements and addressing bottlenecks that constrain trade, while strengthening their commitment to open and integrated markets and avoiding protectionist measures. Through an array of knowledge products such as the Trade and Integration Monitor, the Inter-American Development Bank provides valuable information to support its member countries in seizing new trade and integration opportunities. Antoni Estevadeordal Manager, Integration and Trade Sector
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Prólogo La estructura de la economía mundial ha cambiado sustancialmente en los últimos años en un proceso que continúa en marcha. Las economías avanzadas se han recuperado gradualmente de la crisis aunque aún registran elementos de inestabilidad y tasas de crecimiento bajas. En cambio, los países en desarrollo han mantenido un sólido desempeño económico y alcanzado altas tasas de crecimiento. Este cambiante panorama económico ha reforzado una tendencia hacia la reorientación del patrón del comercio mundial observada a lo largo de la última década. Documentar esas tendencias de largo plazo y analizar su impacto sobre América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) es una prioridad para los países de la región. El Monitor de Comercio e Integración 2013 es el más reciente de una serie de informes anuales que estudian la evolución de la integración de ALC dentro del sistema global de comercio. Estos informes son elaborados por el Sector de Integración y Comercio del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo haciendo uso del vasto volumen de datos disponible públicamente en INTrade, el sistema de información del BID especializado en esta materia. El informe de este año se centra en las nuevas oportunidades que brinda el comercio Sur-Sur. Sobre la base de un amplio análisis de los datos, el Monitor da cuenta de cómo, mientras que el comercio de ALC con sus socios tradicionales en el Norte ha pasado por una etapa de desaceleración, tanto en volumen como en valor, el intercambio con las economías emergentes del Sur ha aumentado y adquirido una modalidad cualitativamente distinta de la que caracteriza los flujos dirigidos a los países desarrollados. Las exportaciones de ALC al Sur son más diversificadas y exhiben una mayor proporción de productos manufacturados. Este potencial es aún más marcado en el comercio intrarregional de ALC. De tal manera que en la última década las rutas comerciales Sur-Sur han sido vías para el crecimiento impulsado por las exportaciones que la región tanto requiere. Si bien el panorama económico mundial sigue marcado por la incertidumbre, es improbable que la tendencia de largo plazo que señala un fortalecimiento del comercio Sur-Sur se revierta completamente aunque, en el corto plazo, algunos de los motores del comercio Sur-Sur documentados en este informe podrían perder fuerza. Para aprovechar y mantener abiertas las oportunidades comerciales con el Sur, las políticas en la región deberían enfocarse en la ampliación y consolidación de la red de acuerdos de libre comercio y en la eliminación de los diversos cuellos de botella que restringen el intercambio. De esta manera, los países fortalecerán su compromiso con la apertura y la integración de mercados y evitarán medidas proteccionistas. Mediante varios productos de conocimiento como el Monitor de Comercio e Integración, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo brinda valiosa información para apoyar a los países miembros en su propósito de aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades para el comercio y la integración. Antoni Estevadeordal Gerente, Sector de Integración y Comercio vii
List of Abbreviations COMTRADE ECA EU FDI FTA GDP GTA GVC IDB IFS IIT IMF IMF DOTS LAC MFN NTB OECD P&C REER TNC US WEO WTO
1
United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database Export Credit Agency European Union Foreign Direct Investment Free Trade Agreement Gross Domestic Product Global Trade Alert Global Value Chain Inter-American Development Bank International Financial Statistics Intra-Industry Trade International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund Direction of Trade Statistics Latin America and the Caribbean Most Favored Nation Non-Tariff Barrier Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Parts and Components Real Effective Exchange Rate Transnational Corporation United States World Economic Outlook World Trade Organization
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Executive Summary
D
uring the last decade the patterns of global growth have shifted, with the developing South expanding at a faster pace than the developed North. For countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), this
has translated into relatively lower demand in traditional export destinations, and provided an unprecedented opportunity to break into new markets and expand trade with emerging economies.
The Trade and Integration Monitor 2013 illustrates and analyzes this long-term trend in the global economic and trade structure and its impact on LAC trade prospects. Part I of the report draws on a wealth of data systematized by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and available to the public through INTrade (www.iadb.org/intradebid). This set of data shows the following:
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Shifting Patterns in Global Trade: Exports originating in developing countries have been growing rapidly and should account for over 50% of world exports within the next few years. LAC exports, however, grew by a scant 1.1% in 2012, a rate lower than the region’s average GDP
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growth of 3%. More recently, growth of trade volumes has been slowing down due to low demand in traditional markets, which had been formerly compensated by historically high commodity prices. But, in 2013, falling export prices have resulted in declining trade balances in some LAC countries. The Rise of South-South Trade: South-South trade has been growing faster than global trade, and already exceeds South-North exports. LAC currently controls a small share of global SouthSouth trade, but exports to the South have been growing at a higher rate than exports to the North in nearly all LAC countries. These exports are also qualitatively different: they are more diverse and include more manufactures. xi
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xii
The Strategic Value of Intra-LAC Trade: Intraregional trade accounts for over half of LAC South-South trade, and the qualitatively distinct characteristics of South-South trade are even more pronounced in the case of intra-LAC trade. Policy Obstacles to South-South Trade: South countries face significantly higher overall trade costs, both in South-South and in South-North trade. Tariffs are higher for the South, but have fallen more rapidly as developing countries concluded South-South free trade agreements. Yet, while tariffs have been falling, they have been replaced by other trade restrictions that are less transparent and harder to quantify. Such restrictions have been implemented mostly by developing countries, including in LAC. Opportunities for the Private Sector in SouthSouth Trade: The business model in international trade is shifting towards fragmentation of production along global and regional value chains. Among other issues, LAC needs to address credit and trade finance bottlenecks in
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order to integrate its companies into new production networks. Downside Risks: Although growing South-South trade presents opportunities, the region should avoid excessive export concentration. While focusing on South-South trade is certainly a strategic option with much potential, policymakers are urged to place export diversification at the core of their trade and development policies. This is even more relevant as the current economic outlook points to downside risks in emerging markets, for example in China, which has been a central driver of South-South trade in the last decade.
The main findings in Part I are complemented by profiles for each of the twenty-six IDB borrowing member countries. The Countries Profiles summarize the most recent trade performance indicators available at the national level (Part II). The Agreement Profiles review the free trade agreements in force among LAC countries and their trading partners (Part III).
Resumen Ejecutivo
E
n la última década los países en desarrollo del Sur han crecido a un ritmo superior que el del Norte desarrollado provocando un cambio en el patrón de crecimiento global. Para los países de América Latina y el
Caribe (ALC) esto ha significado una menor demanda relativa proveniente de sus socios tradicionales y una oportunidad sin precedentes de ingresar a nuevos mercados y expandir su comercio con las economías emergentes.
El Monitor de Comercio e Integración 2013 ilustra y analiza la evolución de estas tendencias de largo plazo que caracterizan la estructura económica y comercial global y sus efectos sobre las perspectivas del comercio de ALC. La Parte I del informe emplea la rica variedad de datos sistematizados por el Sector de Integración y Comercio del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y disponibles públicamente en INTrade (www.iadb.org/intradebid) para mostrar:
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El patrón cambiante del comercio global: Las exportaciones originadas en los países en desarrollo están creciendo rápidamente y deberían alcanzar más del 50% de las exportaciones mundiales en pocos años. A pesar de eso, las ventas externas de ALC crecieron apenas 1,1% en 2012,
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una tasa menor que el incremento del 3% de su PIB. Más recientemente, la desaceleración del crecimiento del volumen del comercio, debida a la debilidad de la demanda de los mercados tradicionales, venía siendo compensada por niveles históricamente altos de los precios de los productos básicos. Sin embargo, en 2013 en la medida que los precios de las exportaciones comenzaron a bajar, el saldo comercial de algunos países de ALC comenzó a reducirse. El surgimiento del comercio Sur-Sur: El comercio Sur-Sur ha crecido más rápido que el intercambio global y ya supera las exportaciones Sur-Norte. Actualmente, ALC da cuenta de una pequeña proporción del comercio Sur-Sur global, aunque en casi todos los países de ALC las xiii
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xiv
exportaciones al Sur crecen a una tasa mayor que las exportaciones al Norte. Esas exportaciones son también cualitativamente diferentes: son más diversas e incluyen más manufacturas. El valor estratégico del comercio intra-ALC: El comercio intrarregional no solo comprende cerca de la mitad del comercio Sur-Sur de ALC sino que, además, las características cualitativamente distintas del comercio Sur-Sur son más marcadas en este caso. Los obstáculos de política al comercio SurSur: Los costos de comerciar son significativamente superiores para los países del Sur, tanto en la dirección Sur-Sur como en la Sur-Norte. Los aranceles son superiores en el Sur, aunque han caído rápidamente conforme se fueron acordando Tratados de Libre Comercio Sur-Sur. Sin embargo, los reducidos aranceles han sido reemplazados por otras restricciones, menos transparentes y más difíciles de cuantificar. Gran parte de estas restricciones han sido implementadas por los países en desarrollo, incluyendo algunos en ALC. Las oportunidades para el sector privado en el comercio Sur-Sur: El modelo de negocios del comercio internacional se ha desplazado hacia esquemas de fragmentación de la producción en cadenas de valor, globales y regionales. Para
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integrar las empresas en esas nuevas redes de producción, entre otras cosas ALC necesita superar cuellos de botella en materia de crédito y financiación del comercio. Riesgos de enfriamiento: Si bien el crecimiento del comercio Sur-Sur presenta oportunidades, la región debería evitar una excesiva concentración de las exportaciones. Darle una prioridad elevada al comercio Sur-Sur es ciertamente una opción estratégica con gran potencial, pero es oportuno que las políticas comerciales y de desarrollo de los países de la región tengan como objetivo central la diversificación de las exportaciones. Esto se vuelve más importante ya que en el escenario económico mundial aparecen riesgos de enfriamiento en los países emergentes, por ejemplo en China que ha sido el principal motor del comercio Sur-Sur en la última década.
Los principales hallazgos examinados en la Parte I se complementan con perfiles de los 26 países miembros prestatarios del BID. Los Perfiles de País resumen indicadores del desempeño comercial reciente de los países de la región (Parte II). Los Perfiles de Acuerdos revisan los acuerdos de libre comercio vigentes entre los países de ALC y sus socios comerciales (Parte III).
1
Overview The 2008–2009 global financial crisis is now in the past, but the future of the global economy and the world trading system has been profoundly affected by the events of the last decade. With the South growing at a much faster rate than the North1, import demand in the South has become large enough to cause a major shift in trade patterns: the South is now trading more with itself than with the North. In addition, this South-South trade is becoming more diverse and complex. Although the South still relies heavily on commodity trade, some countries have been successfully moving up the value chain and integrating global and regional production networks. For LAC countries, these emerging trends in SouthSouth trade offer numerous opportunities. But they also pose many challenges. The next section describes recent trends in global output and trade growth and analyzes LAC trade performance within this changing context. Section 2 describes the growth of South-South trade over the past two decades, its growing significance for LAC, and its future prospects. Section 3 highlights projections for intra-LAC trade in the context of South-South trade. Section 4 reviews the policy context, including the adoption of liberalizing and protectionist measures
in South-South and intra-LAC trade. The last section takes the private sector perspective, focusing on recent trends in foreign direct investment, the operation of transnational companies, and the participation of South companies in global production sharing.
Shifting Patterns in Global Trade As countries moved past the post-crisis recovery stage and global output and trade rebounded to precrisis levels, a marked shift in the world economic structure became evident: the developing South outpaced the developed North in output growth. This difference in growth rates has translated into changing trade patterns, with developing countries refocusing their trade towards South-South exchanges. Although future prospects are uncertain, current projections point to a slowdown in emerging markets’ The definitions of “South” and “North” are based on the UN Standard Country Classification. The North encompasses the “developed” countries, including Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in North America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Europe. The South encompasses developing Asia (including Middle East), Latin America, and Africa. 1
1
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
FIGURE 1 Gross Domestic Product (Growth rates at constant prices, percentage, 2000–2013) 12 10
Annual % Change
8 6 4 2 0 –2 –4
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Advanced Economies Developing Countries
2005
2006
2007
Developing Asia LAC
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013e
Africa (SubSaharan) World
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from IMF WEO, July 2013. Note: Average of national growth rates weighted by GDP in US dollars at purchasing power parity. 2013 values are estimated.
growth. The question is whether this slowdown constitutes a fluctuation around the observed long-term trend or marks the beginning of a new cycle. Global growth has slowed dramatically since the postcrisis recovery. From 2003 to 2007, the global economy experienced a sustained and widespread expansion of output and trade, with average annual growth rates of 4.8% and 7%, respectively. Although a strong post-crisis recovery was staged in 2010, when global GDP growth averaged 5.2%, economic performance cooled down to about 3.9% in 2011 and 3.1% in 2012. For 2013, global output growth is expected to remain at the 2012 rate of 3.1% (Figure 1).
Global growth has slowed down since the post-crisis recovery.
Although this deceleration in growth occurred across all income groups, developing countries have maintained relatively higher growth rates. In 2012, while advanced economies grew at an average of 1.2%, 2
in large part due to the recession in the Euro Zone, irregular growth in Japan, and tepid recovery in the United States, developing Asia2 and
Developing countries have consistently grown faster.
Sub-Saharan Africa posted average growth rates of 6.5% and 4.9%, respectively. In the same year, LAC grew by only 3%, down from 6.1% in 2010, and is expected to maintain this rate of growth in 2013. As gathered from these figures, over half of global GDP growth in 2012 occurred in the developing South. The growth of trade flows reflects the diverging economic performances of North and South (Figure 2). In real terms, trade of advanced economies stabilized in 2011–2012 at a level below the pre-crisis peak, and began to decline in the second half of 2012. In fact, in June 2013, average imports and exports
In the report, Asia refers to Asian countries that are defined as the South, i.e., Japan is excluded. 2
Overview
FIGURE 2 World Trade Flows at Constant Prices (Quarterly moving average of seasonally-adjusted indices, 2005=100, January 2007–June 2013) 180 160 140 120 100
Advanced economies
Developing Asia
LAC-Exports
Developing countries
LAC-Imports
World total
Apr-13
Jan-13
Oct-12
Jul-12
Apr-12
Jan-12
Oct-11
Jul-11
Apr-11
Jan-11
Oct-10
Jul-10
Apr-10
Jan-10
Oct-09
Jul-09
Apr-09
Jan-09
Oct-08
Jul-08
Apr-08
Jan-08
Oct-07
Jul-07
Apr-07
Jan-07
80
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. Note: Growth calculated on the average of imports and exports, except for LAC, where these are presented separately.
of advanced economies remained 3.2% below the April 2008 level. In contrast, trade of developing countries, particularly those in Asia, is above pre-crisis levels by a wide margin and continues to follow a positive trend. Thus, the fact that world trade has been exceeding pre-crisis levels since 2010 is solely due to the performance of developing countries. With respect to LAC, at the beginning of 2013, real imports and exports were higher than their pre-crisis peaks. However, while LAC imports have expanded at a faster LAC’s trade pace than developing countries’ trade, real exports have performance grown only on pace with total is suffering world trade.
from declining import demand from its major partners.
The slowdown of trade with LAC’s largest partners partially explains the region’s weak export performance. Growth of exports to the US and EU (27 countries) decelerated
since mid-2011, turned negative in late 2012, and continued on a downward path in the first months of 2013 (Figure 3). First-half indicators pointing to an economic recovery in the US have not yet translated into a noticeable change in the country’s global purchase trends, including goods from LAC. The lingering recession in the EU is unlikely to allow for growth in exports to that region in the short-term. In addition, growth in Chinese purchases from LAC also declined during most of 2012 and early 2013, along with slower Chinese growth, but posted a positive rate in June 2013 after ten months in negative territory. Despite the slowdown in export growth, large current account imbalances had been avoided due to high prices fetched by LAC exports. Although temporarily interrupted by the crisis, a commodity price boom (Figure 4) benefited LAC over most of
High export prices buoyed LAC exports but have started to decline. 3
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
FIGURE 3 Monthly US, EU, and Chinese Imports (Three-month moving average of year-on-year growth rates, percentage, January 2007–June 2013) 90% 70% 50% 30% 10% –10% –30%
USA from LAC
Jul-13
Apr-13
Jan-13
Oct-12
Jul-12
Apr-12
Jan-12
Oct-11
Jul-11
Apr-11
Jan-11
Oct-10
Jul-10
Apr-10
Jan-10
Oct-09
Jul-09
Apr-09
Jan-09
Oct-08
Jul-08
Apr-08
Jan-08
Oct-07
Jul-07
Apr-07
Jan-07
–50%
China from LAC
EU-27 from LAC
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on IMF, USITC, EuroStat, and national data. See Methodological Notes for further details.
last decade. This terms-of-trade bonanza partially masked the region’s weak export performance, but is not expected to endure. In fact, this windfall income from exported commodities is already fading, leading to declining trade balances for some countries. The region’s average export price index reached a peak
in mid-2011, but has started to decline since then. Although the 2012 export price index was about 3% below pre-crisis levels, by June 2013 it had lost 11% of its value compared to the mid-2011 peak. As relative prices readjust, monetary and exchange rate
FIGURE 4 LAC Export Price Index (Index, 2005=100, January 2007–June 2013) 170 160 150 140 130 120 110
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. 4
Apr-13
Jan-13
Oct-12
Jul-12
Apr-12
Jan-12
Oct-11
Jul-11
Apr-11
Jan-11
Oct-10
Jul-10
Apr-10
Jan-10
Oct-09
Jul-09
Apr-09
Jan-09
Oct-08
Jul-08
Apr-08
Jan-08
Oct-07
Jul-07
Apr-07
Jan-07
100
Overview
policies have also encouraged a reorientation of LAC exports towards developing countries (Box 1). The combination of lower growth in export volumes and declining export prices has translated into deteriorating trade balances for the region. In 2012, LAC exports approached US$1.09 trillion, and imports amounted to nearly US$1.07 trillion, with the region registering a small surplus of about US$12 billion, equivalent to 0.2% of GDP. However, while exports grew a mere 1.1% compared to 2011, imports expanded 4.6%, further deteriorating
the regional merchandise The overall trade balance (Table 1). LAC trade Although the Southern Cone and Andean countries probalance duced a surplus, they were deteriorated also the source of the rein 2012. gion’s overall deteriorating trade balance, as their trade surpluses fell by 34% and 29%, respectively. Mexico’s imports and exports were essentially balanced, while the countries of Central America and the Caribbean registered deficits of US$49 billion
Box 1 Real Effective Exchange Rates and South-South Trade LAC’s real effective exchange rate (REER), which is a measure of price competitiveness, has been moving in different directions with respect to countries in the North and the South since before the 2008–2009 crisis. As seen in the chart below, LAC’s average real exchange rate with countries in the North has appreciated significantly since about 2003, making LAC exports relatively more expensive to Northern importers. However, it has gradually depreciated in relation to countries in the South, making LAC exports relatively cheaper in these markets. These diverging trends partially explain the increase of LAC’s share of exports destined to developing countries. In comparison, Asia’s REER has behaved similarly to that of LAC until the outset of the crisis. Since then, it has converged towards a real appreciation with respect to all partners, though this is more pronounced with respect to those in the North. This has made Asian exports relatively more expensive in all markets, and even more so in the North, which helps to explain the gap in growth rates between South-South and South-North trade.
Real Effective Exchange Rate for South-South and South-North Trade
(Index 2005=100, LAC and Asia, 1995–2012) 130 120 110 100 90 80 70
LAC
South-South
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
60
Asia South-North
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE and IMF data. Note: GDP-weighted average of national REER. A decrease denotes appreciation.
5
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Table 1 Merchandise Trade by Country and Sub-region (Billions of US dollars and percentage change, 2010–2012) Exports (FOB) 2010
2011
2012
Imports (CIF)
2012 Growth Rate
2010
2011
2012
Balance of Goods 2012 Growth Rate
2010
2011
2012 2012 Growth Rate*
Argentina
68.1
83.9
80.9
–3.6%
56.5
73.9
68.5
–7.3%
11.6
10.0
12.4
23.9%
Bahamas
0.7
0.8
0.8
3.6%
2.6
3.0
3.6
21.6%
–1.9
–2.2
–2.8
–28.1%
Barbados
0.3
0.5
1.1
126.0%
1.2
1.8
3.6
97.7%
–0.9
–1.3
–2.4
–86.9%
Belize
0.3
0.4
0.3
–14.9%
0.7
0.8
0.9
10.2%
–0.4
–0.4
–0.5
–35.2%
Bolivia
7.0
9.1
11.6
27.8%
5.6
7.7
8.3
7.9%
1.4
1.4
3.4
133.7%
Brazil
201.9
256.0
242.6
–5.2%
181.6
226.2
223.2
–1.3%
20.3
29.8
19.4
–34.8%
Chile
67.4
80.8
76.7
–5.0%
52.8
66.4
70.7
6.5%
14.6
14.4
6.0
–58.1%
Colombia
39.8
57.0
60.1
5.5%
40.7
54.7
59.1
8.1%
–0.9
2.3
1.0
–55.9%
Costa Rica*
9.3
10.2
11.3
10.5%
13.4
15.9
18.4
15.5%
–4.1
–5.7
–7.1
–24.4%
Dom. Rep.*
5.4
6.4
6.9
8.2%
16.6
18.3
19.2
4.8%
–11.2
–11.9
–12.3
–2.9%
Ecuador
17.5
22.3
23.8
6.6%
20.6
24.3
25.2
3.7%
–3.1
–2.0
–1.4
28.7%
El Salvador*
4.5
5.3
5.3
0.6%
8.4
10.0
10.3
3.1%
–3.9
–4.7
–4.9
–5.9%
Guatemala*
8.5
10.5
10.1
–3.2%
13.8
16.6
17.0
2.3%
–5.4
–6.2
–6.9
–11.6%
Guyana
0.9
1.0
1.0
2.1%
1.5
1.7
2.0
15.9%
–0.6
–0.7
–0.9
–35.6%
Haiti
0.6
0.8
0.8
–1.9%
3.0
3.2
2.9
–10.0%
–2.4
–2.4
–2.1
12.7%
Honduras*
2.8
4.0
4.8
18.8%
7.1
9.0
7.9
–12.0%
–4.3
–5.0
–3.2
36.6%
Jamaica
1.3
1.6
1.6
2.6%
5.3
6.6
6.6
–0.3%
–4.0
–5.0
–5.0
–1.2%
298.5
349.6
370.9
6.1%
301.5
350.9
370.8
5.7%
–3.0
–1.3
0.2
112.5%
Nicaragua*
1.9
2.3
2.7
18.3%
4.2
5.2
5.9
12.4%
–2.3
–2.9
–3.2
–8.0%
Panama*
0.7
0.8
0.8
2.7%
9.1
11.3
12.6
11.8%
–8.4
–10.5
–11.8
–12.5%
Paraguay
6.5
7.8
7.3
–6.4%
9.4
11.5
10.8
–6.9%
–2.9
–3.8
–3.5
7.9%
35.1
46.0
45.5
–1.2%
27.9
35.7
42.3
18.4%
7.2
10.3
3.2
–69.0%
2.1
2.5
2.6
3.9%
1.4
1.7
1.8
6.2%
0.7
0.8
0.8
–0.8%
11.2
14.9
11.2
–24.6%
6.5
10.0
6.3
–36.8%
4.7
4.9
4.9
0.2%
6.7
8.0
8.7
9.3%
8.5
10.6
11.6
9.6%
–1.8
–2.6
–2.9
–10.4%
65.7
92.6
97.3
5.1%
42.2
50.7
65.4
28.9%
23.5
41.9
32.0
–23.7%
165.0
227.0
238.3
5.0%
137.0
173.1
200.2
15.7%
28.0
53.9
38.1
–29.3%
Caribbean
17.4
22.4
19.5
–13.0%
22.2
28.8
27.6
–4.0%
–4.8
–6.4
–8.1
–27.8%
Cent. America
33.0
39.4
41.9
6.3%
72.6
86.3
91.2
5.7%
–39.6
–46.9
–49.4
–5.2%
Mexico
298.5
349.6
370.9
6.1%
301.5
350.9
370.8
5.7%
–3.0
–1.3
0.2
112.5%
South. Cone
350.6
436.5
416.2
–4.6%
308.8
388.6
384.8
–1.0%
41.8
47.8
31.5
–34.2%
LAC-26
864.6 1,074.9 1,086.9
1.1%
842.2
1,027.7 1,074.6
4.6%
22.4
47.2
12.3
–73.9%
Mexico
Peru Suriname Trin. and Tob. Uruguay Venezuela Andean
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL. Note: * See Methodological Notes for coverage information. Positive values for the growth rate of the trade balance indicate an improvement of the trade balance (smaller deficit or larger surplus), while negative values indicate deterioration (a smaller surplus or larger deficit).
6
Overview
and US$8 billion, equivalent to 20.3% and 11.6% of GDP, respectively. Preliminary data for 2013 point to a continuation of the negative trend observed in the last months of 2012. In the first half of 2013, exports from Latin-America3 suffered a decline of 1.1% with respect to the same period in 2012, similar to the 1.2% decline in the second half of 2012, while imports grew by 4.5% year-on-year. Exports from the Andean countries fell by 6.7%, mainly due to a contraction of mineral exports to the US and the EU as well as to other countries in the region. The exception was Bolivia, where gas exports increased to Brazil and Argentina. In the Southern Cone, exports expanded 0.3% in the first half, recovering from the 7.5% decline in the second half of 2012. Although Brazil’s exports declined by 2.4%, due to lower petroleum sales to the EU and the US4, this was offset by growth in Argentina’s sales to Mercosur and Asia (predominantly agricultural products). Mexico’s exports grew 0.6%, held back by lower oil exports to the US, and worsening with respect to the second half of 2012 (4.8% growth). Exports from Central America increased 2.7% in the first half of 2013, slightly below the rate of the preceding semester (3.2%).
Preliminary data for 2013 indicate that downside risks have become more prominent.
In summary, given the lukewarm growth performance of LAC’s main extra-regional trading partners, real exports have stagnated and the merchandise trade balance has worsened for most countries. Moreover, high export prices that recently buoyed LAC exports have started to decline in early 2013. Looking forward, there is considerable uncertainty over the outlook for the world economy. A combination of an increasingly solid US recovery, lower expected activity in emerging markets, and anticipated changes in monetary policies worldwide cast a cloud over
prospects for LAC trade, and particularly over SouthSouth trade which has been a major driver of LAC’s trade performance. It is therefore important to understand which have been the main features of such trade, in order to leverage new and growing opportunities, while promoting export diversification.
The Rise of South-South Trade In recent years the sluggish growth rates and trade prospects of most developed countries gave developing countries a more prominent role in the global economy. While traditional export destinations in the North offered only moderate growth opportunities, markets in the South contributed to a structural transformation of LAC trade. South-South trade thus emerged as a main driver of LAC trade performance. In five years the structure of Exports from world trade is expected to be the South substantially different from what it was ten years ago, are forecast with exports from the South to exceed accounting for more than half half of global of global trade. By comparitrade by the son, in the mid-1990s, Southend of this South trade accounted for less than 10% of global trade, decade. with South-North exports accounting for slightly more, about 14%. Since 2001, South-South trade has grown at an average of 18% per year, as compared to only 11% for world trade. As a result, by 2011, the shares of South-South trade and South-North exports were 21% and 19%, respectively Based on a sample of 15 countries, which represented 97% of LAC exports in 2012: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. 4 Oil exports fell due to transitory technical stoppages in refineries. 3
7
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 5 Growth of South-South Trade (Percentage of total world trade, 1995–2018) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
South-North South-South
Forecast North-All
2018e
2017e
2016e
2015e
2014e
2013e
2012e
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0%
South-South-upper estimate South-South-lower estimate
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data and IMF WEO April 2013 (GDP forecasts). Note: Trade values between 2012 and 2018 are forecasts.
(Figure 5). Forecasts of trade shares5 indicate that the countries of the South may see their total exports exceed half of world trade by 2018, with South-South trade reaching between 21% (low forecast) and 42% (high forecast) of global trade, and South-North exports comprising about 21%. It is worth noting, however, that these projections are very sensitive to China’s Developing growth rate.
countries’ exports are already directed primarily to other South countries.
Another striking change is that South exports are currently directed primarily to other developing countries. As a share of their own total exports, South-South exports have increased steadily since the late 1990s (Figure 6). As of 1999, this ratio stood at 37%, but exceeded 50% in 2010 and increased to nearly 55% in 2012. Despite some variation across regions and countries, the outlook is clear: the South may soon become the origin of 8
the largest share of world trade, and is already its own largest trade partner. The majority of South-South LAC comtrade originates in Asia, mands only which in 2012 accounted for nearly 83% of total Southa small share South exports. After reachof global ing 16% in 1995, LAC’s South-South share of South-South trade exports. now stands at 11%, while African South-South exports have remained virtually constant over the same period, at 6%. Asia’s dominance can be partially Calculations based on economic growth rates forecast by the IMF (WEO, April 2013) using coefficients from a modified gravity model based on panel data covering 1990-2011 to extrapolate global trade patterns. At the time of the publication of this report, growth projections are being revised upwards for the North, particularly the US, and downward for the emerging markets, particularly China and Latin America. The projections for South-South trade therefore may be closer to the lower bound reported in Figure 5. 5
Overview
Figure 6 Share of South-South Trade in Total South Exports (Percentage of total South exports, 1995–2012) 100% 90% 80% 70%
55%
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
South-South
2012e
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0%
South-North
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector, based on COMTRADE and IMF DOTS data.
accounted for by its large and growing economies, especially China and India. But there are structural differences as well. In 2012, South-South exports constituted 59% of total Asian exports, but only 40% of LAC’s. While both regions have seen their shares increase steadily, this 20-point gap
has remained fairly constant over the past 15 years (Figure 7). These aggregate figures hide important differences among LAC countries. The relatively low share represented by LAC exports to the South is heavily
Figure 7 Share of South Partners in Each Region’s Total Exports (Percentage, by South region, 1995–2012) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
LAC
Asia
Africa
LAC (excl. Mexico)
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0%
Mexico
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE and IMF DOTS data. 9
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 8 Share of South-South Exports in Total Exports (Percentage, for selected LAC countries, 2012) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%
Southern Cone
Andean South-South
Central America Asian Average
South-North
MEX
BHS
BLZ
GUY
BRB
SUR
HND
DOM
PAN
NIC
CRI
SLV
GTM
PER
ECU
COL
VEN
BOL
CHL
BRA
URY
PRY
0%
ARG
10%
Caribbean LAC Average
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL, COMTRADE, and IMF DOTS. Note: Due to lack of data availability, regional averages, Bahamas and Barbados refer to 2011. Bahamas, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela data are estimated based on COMTRADE and IMF DOTS data.
influenced by Mexico’s exports, which constitute the largest share of LAC exports and are primarily destined to the US. In fact, in 2012, Mexico accounted for 33% of total LAC exports, ranking as the largest exporter in the region. However, Mexico’s exports to the South constituted only 11% of the country’s total exports, which amounted to only 9% of LAC South-South trade. Thus, although in aggregate the share of South-South exports in total LAC exports is similar to that of Africa, the exclusion of Mexico brings the region’s share much closer to that of Asia. Moreover, the share of South-South exports in total exports varies significantly across LAC countries (Figure 8)6. Exports to countries in the South account for more than 40% of total exports in over half of LAC countries, and five countries even exceed the Asian average. The countries of the Southern Cone have the highest South-South export shares, while
Participation in SouthSouth trade varies considerably in LAC.
10
most Andean countries are at or above the regional average. Central America and the Caribbean, heavily oriented towards the US and Europe, are generally below the LAC average, and Mexico is indeed an outlier at the lower end. The share of South-South exSouth-South ports in total LAC exports trade growth is expected to increase, as nearly all countries show has exceeded a higher growth rate of exthat of ports to the South than to South-North the North. Table 2 shows that trade in since 2000, LAC exports to nearly every the South grew 8 percentage points faster than exports to LAC country. the North. This amounts to an additional US$228 billion in exports in 2012 that would have been forgone had exports to the South grown at a lower rate similar to that of exports to 6
Data not available for Haiti, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago.
Overview
Table 2 LAC Exports to South and North (Millions of US dollars and growth rates, 2000–2012) Avg. Annual Export Growth to North
Exports to North 2000
2005
2012
Avg. Annual Export Growth to South
Exports to South 2000
2005
South vs. North Excess Growth (percentage points)
2012
Southern Cone Argentina
8,882
13,000
20,514
7%
16,045
24,705
52,503
10%
3
Brazil
32,854
58,747
91,819
9%
18,843
50,322
125,139
17%
8
Chile
10,569
21,448
33,452
10%
6,523
14,910
39,749
16%
6
Paraguay
157
372
1,957
23%
671
1,172
4,865
18%
–5
Uruguay
661
1,544
1,915
9%
1,503
1,569
4,681
10%
1
Andean Countries Bolivia
778
838
3,366
13%
660
2,080
8,271
23%
10
Colombia
8,893
12,168
32,380
11%
3,897
7,646
24,066
16%
5
Ecuador
2,660
6,789
14,628
15%
1,927
3,200
8,777
13%
–2
4,398
11,000
25,025
16%
2,149
6,329
19,119
20%
4
23,946
40.618
48,723
6%
7,544
7,652
40,951
15%
9
Peru Venezuela
Central America and Mexico Costa Rica
3,994
3,802
6,378
4%
1,275
2,559
4,452
11%
7
Dom. Rep.
…
5,573
4,453
–3%
…
979
2,143
12%
15
El Salvador
2,105
2,048
2,808
2%
828
1,363
2,493
10%
8
Guatemala
1,439
1,406
5,113
11%
1,209
1,887
4,548
12%
1
821
1,386
3,495
13%
234
529
1,176
14%
1
198,115 325,990
6%
6,138
12,627
42,624
18%
12
200
380
1,825
20%
3
188
211
275
3%
4
6
9
5%
3
Honduras Mexico
158,356
Nicaragua
413
422
2,783
17%
Panama
524
697
469
–1%
Caribbean Bahamas Barbados
239
265
318
3%
5
92
96
142
4%
119
81
284
8%
4
Belize
184
172
285
4%
13
34
51
12%
8
Guyana
432
379
728
4%
87
145
299
11%
7
Jamaica
1,066
1,086
1,317
2%
76
194
180
7%
5
473
806
1,391
9%
8
123
987
49%
40
2,302
5,951
…
21%
1,323
2,494
…
14%
–7
40,842
78,164
151,923
10%
15,467
27,298
74,963
17%
7
2,486
2,804
4,181
4%
309
582
1,810
16%
12
167,653
213,449 351,488
7%
10,072
20,535
59,536
18%
11
53,124
95,110 149,656
9%
43,585
92,677 226,936
15%
6
7%
69,433
141,092 363,245
15%
8
Suriname Trin. and Tob. Andean Caribbean Cent. America South. Cone LAC-26
264,105 389,528
657,249
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL. Note: Due to lack of data availability, Dominican Republic 2005 refers to 2006 data and Bahamas and Barbados 2012 refer to 2011 data. Bahamas, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela data are estimated based on UN COMTRADE data. Caribbean total does not include Trinidad and Tobago. Central America total includes Mexico. South vs. North Excess Growth is the difference in average growth rates of exports to the two groups of destination countries. 11
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 9 Sector Composition of South-South and South-North Exports (LAC, excluding Mexico, percentage of total exports, 1995–2011) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
South-South Agriculture
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
0% South-North Fuels
Ores and minerals
Manufactures
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
the North. The most significant exceptions to the faster growth in South-South trade are Ecuador and Trinidad and Tobago, whose exports of gas and petroleum to the North have outpaced other exports and affected their sub-regional aggregates7. The composition of products exported by LAC in South-South versus SouthNorth trade is also different (Figure 9). Over the past two decades, exports from LAC (excluding Mexico) to partners in the South have contained a higher proportion of manufactures8 than exports to partners in the North. (See Box 2 for a more detailed breakdown of manufactured goods trade.) However, since the late 1990s this share has decreased in South-South exports from about 48% to less than 33%. In South-North exports, the share of manufactures peaked at 35% in 2003 and declined
LAC SouthSouth exports feature a greater proportion of manufactures than exports to the North.
12
to 25% in 2011. Thus, LAC South-South trade is more intensive in manufactures overall, whereas SouthNorth trade relies more on primary goods. The composition of SouthTrade comSouth exports shows variaposition tion across LAC sub-regions (Figure 10). More than half varies across of South-South exports from LAC subMexico and Central America, regions. both with significant maquila industries, are in the manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, South America’s exports to South partners are mainly of natural resource-derived products: 60% of South-South trade in the Southern Cone is made up of agricultural goods and metals and one-third by manufactures. In the Andean Paraguay began the period with very low exports to North countries, exaggerating growth in that segment. 8 Manufactures as defined here include the standard UNCTAD classifications covering chemicals, manufactures, and miscellaneous goods. Given the high dependence of Mexico on US (North) trade, Mexico is excluded from the LAC aggregates in this section. 7
Overview
Box 2 Manufactures in South-South Trade Within the manufactures category, the principal products making up LAC South-South exports are automobiles and iron and steel goods. These products, which account for 40% of total manufactures exports, are dominated by Mercosur’s exports to Asia, especially to China and Republic of Korea. These are followed by a variety of more sophisticated electrical, telecommunications, and industrial equipment, each representing about 5% of the total and originating more broadly across the region. Asia’s manufactures exports are more diverse, with a greater share in electrical equipment, computers, and telecommunications equipment, followed by textiles. Due to its disproportionate size within Asia, China originates most of these exports. Principal Products in South-South Exports of Manufactures
(SITC Rev.3 2-digit Categories, 2011) 78 Road Vehicles
(29%)
72 67 77 Electrical Industry Iron and Steel Equipment Special (11%) Machine (6%)
77 Electrical Equipment
(22%)
(5%)
74 Industrial Equipment nes (5%) 76 Telecomms etc. Equipment (5%)
(24%)
(9%)
78 65 Road Textile yarn/ Vehicles Fabric/Art.
(5%)
(6%)
67 Iron and Steel 64 Paper/Paperboard/ Article (4%) 69 Metal Manuf. nes
(4%)
84 Apparel/Clothing/ Access (4%) 89 Misc. Manuf. nes
Other
76 Telecomms etc. equipment
75 Office/dat proc machines (9%)
79 Railway/Tramway Equipment (5%) 74 Industrial Equipment
(4%)
(5%)
89 Misc. Manufacturers nes
(6%)
Other
87 Specific/Etc. Instrument
(22%)
(5%)
(4%)
LAC
Asia
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
Figure 10 LAC South-South Exports Composition by Sector (By sub-region, 2011) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Mexico
Central America Agriculture
Ores and minerals
Caribbean
Andean Countries Fuels
Southern Cone
Manufactures
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. 13
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
countries, fuels, ores, and metals dominate, while agriculture and fuels constitute 74% of Caribbean exports to South countries. Thus, the manufactures concentration in South-South exports is more pronounced in Mexico and Central America, and less in the Southern Cone. This section has documented a long-term trend of South-South trade growth superior to that of total world trade, such that developing country exports to the South now exceed their exports to the North. Nearly all countries in LAC have participated in this trend. There are nevertheless clear regional differences in the type of goods exported by LAC to the South. Exports from Mexico and Central America are more intensive in processed goods and manufactures while the Andean, Caribbean, and Southern Cone countries are biased towards primary goods. The next section will examine intra-LAC trade as compared to LAC exports to South partners outside the region, highlighting the particular features of intraregional trade.
The Strategic Value of Intra-LAC Trade Not all South-South trade is the same, and different regions present distinct trade prospects. Asia is larger, is growing faster than other developing regions and concentrates most of its South-South trade intraregionally. LAC’s exports to partners within the region account for over half of LAC South-South trade. These exports are more diverse, more stable in their composition, and more concentrated in manufactures than LAC exports to other regions. Intra-regional trade predominates in both LAC and Asian South-South trade, although LAC exports to Asia have been increasing. Asia’s share of intra-regional trade in South-South trade, although declining slightly over the last two decades from around 90%, stands at an impressive 85%. Nevertheless, LAC has 14
become a more significant The intradestination for Asia’s exports regional to other South regions, and currently absorbs about 8% South market of those exports, which is is the most double its 4% share in 1995. important for In turn, LAC intra-regional both LAC and trade shares are not as strikAsia. ing, but are still quite significant. Currently, intra-regional trade accounts for 50% of total LAC exports to South countries, roughly the same level as in 1990. After reaching its maximum of 75% in 1998–2000, the intra-LAC share of exports declined as exports to Asia, especially to China, expanded from around 20% to approximately 45% of LAC South-South flows (Figure 11). During the same period, the share directed to Africa has remained steady at around 5%. The rising share of exports LAC-Asia to Asia in LAC’s South-South trade trade reflects the increasing LAC-Asia complementarity complemenand declining intra-LAC comtarity has plementarity. Figure 12 highincreased lights two notable trends: while it defirst, LAC exports (excludclined within ing Mexico) have seen the greatest increase in compleLAC. mentarity with Asia, mostly driven by China’s demand for raw materials from South America. Mexico’s complementarity with Asia has also increased, but not as much, and therefore did not experience the surge associated with the spike in commodity prices in 2006–2008 as did other LAC countries. Second, the trade complementarity of LAC countries’ export supply with its own demand has been declining in the past decade, given that demand for commodities originates mostly outside the region. The increasing complementarity between LAC’s supply and Asia’s demand comes at the cost of higher
Overview
Figure 11 Destinations of South-South Exports (Percentage, 1995–2011) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
LAC
2011
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2004
2005
2003
2001
2002
1999
2000
1997
1998
1995
1996
2011
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2004
2005
2003
2001
2002
1999
2000
1997
1998
1995
1996
0% Asia to LAC
to Africa
to Asia
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
product concentration (Figure 13). LAC exports to both Asia and the North have gradually become more concentrated, while product concentration in intra-LAC exports has increased only slightly. When
exports are highly concentrated, countries become vulnerable to price shocks, which create uncertainty and volatility in the current account. Thus, the lower concentration of intra-LAC trade makes it less prone
Figure 12 Trade Complementary Index of South-South Trade (Index, 100=perfect complementarity, 1995–2011) 70%
65%
60%
55%
Mexico to Asia
LAC (excl. Mexico) to Asia
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
50%
LAC to LAC
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Calculated based on SITC Rev.3 3-digit products, Michaely (1996) TCI definition. 15
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 13 Concentration of LAC South-South and South-North Trade (Hirschman-Herfindahl Index, LAC with selected partners, 1996–2011) 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15
Intra–LAC
2011
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
0.10
LAC–North
LAC–Asia
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Trade-weighted average of individual country index values.
LAC-Asia trade is growing more concentrated.
to price shocks than trade with extra-regional partners, both in the South and the North.
Growth of LAC trade usually results from an increase in exports of the same products to the same partners (growth on the intensive margin), as opposed to diversification into exports of new products or to new partners (growth on the extensive margin). This lack of diversification helps to explain the high product concentration in LAC’s export basket. However, export drops caused by external shocks tend to have different effects Intra-regionin terms of export diversial trade has fication. In the late 1990s, been key in the Asian financial crisis significantly reduced Asian impreserving ports. The pattern of trade, export diverhowever, remained balanced sification. as the decline affected most 16
products, while some new products were introduced. This contrasts with the financial crisis of the late 2000s, when the fall in exports to the North resulted in greater concentration as the flow of some products stopped completely. In this context, South-South trade, and particularly intra-LAC trade, provides greater extensive margin growth, and therefore greater diversification of exports9 (Figure 14). In addition to being less concentrated and more diversified, intra-LAC trade stands out as the export segment with the highest Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) index (Figure 15). This index measures the degree to which
The regional market is crucial in supporting integration into complex value chains.
This is not to say that LAC exports are particularly diverse in an absolute sense; in fact, this lack of diversity remains a challenge. But the diversification that exists has come more from the South than from the North. 9
Overview
Figure 14 Sources of Growth in LAC Exports – Extensive and Intensive Margins (Percentage of export growth, 1995–2010) 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% –20% –40% LAC–North Intra–LAC
LAC–Asia
LAC–North Intra–LAC
1995–2000
LAC–Asia
2000–2005 Extensive Margin
LAC–North Intra–LAC
LAC–Asia
2005–2010
Intensive Margin
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
countries trade similar goods, either through production sharing along international supply chains, or by trading more varieties of similar goods, both of which can have positive effects on local economies. Excluding the large share of South-North trade commanded by Mexico, which is deeply in-
tegrated with the North American economy, intra-LAC trade displays the highest IIT index, and LAC-Asia trade the lowest. It follows that intra-LAC trade, as currently structured, has more potential for development of modern, sophisticated supply chains than do other segments of LAC trade.
Figure 15 LAC Intra-Industry Trade (Grubel-Lloyd Index, by partner region, 2001–2011 average) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 LAC (excl. Mexico)–North
Mexico–North
LAC–Asia
Intra–LAC
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Calculated using SITC Rev.3 3-digit trade data, Grubel and Lloyd (1975). 17
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Finally, intra-LAC trade has a much higher share of manufactures than LAC exports to Asia. While the share of manufactures in intra-LAC trade has been quite stable over the past two decades, fluctuating around 45%, the share of manufactures in exports to Asia has fallen from 32% in 1995 to around 10% in 2011. The share once held by manufactures has been taken by raw materials, principally metal ores and fuels (Figure 16). During the same period, exports of agricultural goods to Asia peaked at 52% in 1998, and have fallen over the rest of the period to only one third of exports in 2011.
The regional market features a higher share of manufactures when compared to trade with the North and Asia.
Thus, while LAC exports to South partners are generally more diverse, intensive in manufactures, and with a greater degree of intra-industry
trade than LAC exports to the North, intra-LAC exports are even more advantageous in these respects than extra-regional South exports. As such, an increase in trade with partners in the South, and especially within LAC, is more likely to bring spillover benefits and macro stability, provided that it occurs in competitive markets and not under the protection of trade-distorting inefficient policy barriers.
Policy Obstacles to South-South Trade Expanding South-South trade creates new opportunities. However, seizing these opportunities requires the removal of policy barriers, which, although common to all trade, are often more prevalent in trade among developing countries. Thus, in order to exploit the opportunities of South-South trade, LAC policymakers need a full understanding of the quantitatively and qualitatively different obstacles to such trade, and avoid protectionist measures that limit their trade potential.
Figure 16 Sector Decomposition of LAC South-South Exports (Intra-LAC vs. LAC-Asia, 1995–2011) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%
Intra–LAC Agriculture
Ores and minerals
Agriculture
Manufactures
2011
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2004
2005
2003
2001
2002
1999
LAC–Asia
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. 18
2000
1997
1998
1995
1996
2011
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2004
2005
2003
2001
2002
1999
2000
1997
1998
1995
0%
1996
10%
Overview
Figure 17 South-South, South-North and North-North Trade Costs (Ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 2000–2009) 300%
250%
200%
150%
South–South
North–South
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
100%
North–North
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on World Bank Trade Cost Dataset. Note: 40 countries of the North; 84 countries of the South.
South countries incur higher overall trade costs than their North counterparts. Estimates of bilateral trade costs indicate that South-South and South-North trade costs are almost double those of NorthNorth trade10. While all these costs have fallen somewhat over the past ten years, the gap has not closed in absolute terms (Figure 17). Additionally, as South countries incur relatively similar trade costs when exporting to other South countries and when exporting to the North, it is likely that such costs originate in the South.
Trade costs are significantly higher for South than for North countries.
For LAC countries, intra-LAC trade is the least costly segment of exports, followed by trade with North countries and exports to Asia (Figure 18). These costs are not only attributable to distance, but also to weak infrastructure and trade facilitation. Addressing these constraints has the potential of substantially spurring trade growth. Indeed, Moreira et al. (2008)
found that a 10% reduction in Intra-LAC transport costs, on average, trade is the generates five times more trade and nine times more least costly products exported than an segment of equivalent reduction in tartrade for LAC iffs. While measures to reduce countries. transport costs can involve substantial expenditures on infrastructure, significant gains can still be achieved with simpler measures that facilitate trade, lower administrative costs, and reduce transit times11. Decomposing the sources of trade costs provides useful insights for policy action. Tariffs are higher for
See Arvis et al. (2013). The estimates are based on a simple economic model of international trade which allows extrapolation of trade costs estimates from realized trade flows. The measure of trade costs includes all aspects of trade costs including transport costs due to distance or weak infrastructure, policy costs such as tariffs and procedural inefficiencies, and other costs caused by unobservable factors, such as non-tariff measures. 11 See also Giordano (2012). 10
19
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 18 Intra-region and Inter-region Trade Costs (Ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 2000–2009) 350%
300&
250%
200%
Intra–LAC
LAC–North
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
150%
LAC–Asia
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on World Bank Trade Cost Dataset.
South-South and South-North than for North-North trade, but a marked decline has taken place in the former as compared to the levels of two decades ago. The strongest decline took place during the period 2000–2006, with no clear downward trend in the periods before and after (Figure 19). This trend illustrates the results of intense trade negotiations both at the multilateral and bilateral level in the first half of the decade.
Tariffs are higher for the South but have fallen more rapidly.
This decline in tariffs applied to South-South trade is partially explained by the rapid proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) among developing countries12. It is true that the LAC FTA network has important North-South pillars, as many countries have signed agreements with the US, Canada, and more recently the EU. But it also has a traditional sub-regional component, which has been increasingly complemented by a broader
LAC FTAs are increasingly focused on South trade.
20
South-South focus. Table 3, which summarizes recent activity regarding LAC FTAs, shows that, while agreements that have recently gone into force include a mix of both North and South partners, newly signed agreements and agreements that are currently under negotiation are predominantly South-South. These include agreements to complete regional networks as well as to access new markets outside the region, particularly in Asia. Of all LAC FTAs currently in force, most are reaching the point of full liberalization across a majority of products (Figure 20). FTAs with South partners have eliminated duties on 90% of tariff lines on average, while those with North partners have done so for about 80% of tariff lines.
South-South FTAs are more advanced in their tariff phase-out process.
WTO (2013) cites the expansion of South-South FTAs as an important factor in the reduction of South-South trade barriers and attendant growing South-South trade. 12
Overview
Figure 19 Effective Applied Tariffs Including Preferences (Tariff faced, ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 1995–2011) 15%
10%
5%
South–South
North–South
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0%
North–North
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on TRAINS and INTrade data. Note: Trade weighted average of tariff faced by exports.
In addition, in LAC FTAs with South countries, tariff reductions cover a larger percentage of traded goods than those with the North. These differences are due to two main factors: first, most South-South
FTAs are either mature or between countries whose intra-agreement trade is concentrated in a few products. Second, North-South agreements are more likely to include trade in sensitive products, whose tariff
Figure 20 Maturity of Tariff Phase-out Schedules in FTAs of the Americas (Average percentage of tariff lines duty free, 2010–2025) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
South–South FTA’s
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
50%
North–South FTAs
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade. 21
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Table 3 Free Trade Agreements Recently Entered In Force, Signed, or Under Negotiation
North-South Agreements
(January 2011 – present) In Force
Signed
Under Negotiation
Colombia–Canada (15/08/2011)
Central America–EU (29/06/2012)
Guatemala–Nicaragua–EFTA (01/03/2012)
Colombia–EFTA (01/07/2011)
Colombia–Israel (10/06/2013)
Colombia–Japan (17/12/2012)
Peru–Japan (01/03/2012)
Costa Rica–Panama–EFTA (24/06/2013)
Colombia–US (15/05/2012) Peru–EFTA (01/07/2012) Panama–US(31/10/2012) Peru and Colombia–EU (01/03/2013) Panama–Canada (01/04/2013)
Intra-Regional
Signed
Under Negotiation
Mexico–Peru (01/02/2012)
Pacific Alliance (06/06/2012)
Panama–Trinidad and Tobago (27/01/2011)
Peru–Panama (01/05/2012)
Guatemala–Peru (06/12/2012)
Guatemala–Trinidad and Tobago (13/04/2012)
Mexico–Central America (01/09/2012)
Colombia–Costa Rica (05/06/2012)
El Salvador–Belize (21/02/2013)
Venezuela–Colombia (19/10/2012)
Ecuador–Turkey (17/06/2011)
Chile–Turkey (01/03/2011) Ecuador–Guatemala (19/02/2013) Venezuela–Peru (01/08/2013)
Extra-Regional
South-South Agreements
In Force
Peru–South Korea (01/08/2011)
Chile–Vietnam (11/11/2011)
Colombia–China (08/05/2012)
Costa Rica–China (01/08/2011)
Chile–Hong Kong (07/09/2012)
Chile–Thailand (11/04/2011)
Peru–Thailand (31/12/2011)
Colombia–South Korea (21/02/2013)
Chile–Malaysia (18/04/2012)
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/IJI.
elimination tends to be more gradual. Differences aside, both groups of existing FTAs are expected to eliminate tariffs on 94%-97% of product lines within the next 10 years.
Progress on the tariff front may be jeopardized by the adoption of new protectionist measures. 22
Despite progress in reducing tariffs and other trade costs, these gains may be partially undone by the adoption of policies that pose new obstacles to trade. As tariffs start falling, there is a tendency to replace them with a variety of non-tariff measures, which go far beyond
traditional barriers and are often less transparent. Indeed, a large number of protectionist measures affecting LAC exports have been implemented in the past few years (Figure 21). According to the Global Trade Alert database13, exports originating in LAC countries were subject to new protectionism nearly 200 times in 2009 alone. Although the number of new protectionist measures has been declining since then, few have been removed, which means that their cumulative number since 2008 currently stands at 545. In addition, because such measures are often
Available online at www.globaltradealert.org. The last update of this database was completed at the end of May 2013. See also Evenett (2013). 13
Overview
Figure 21 Protectionist Measures Affecting LAC Exports
250
600
200
500 400
150
300 100 200 50
100
0
Cumulative totals of harmful measures implemented
Number of measures inmplemented per year
(Number of measures implemented, November 2008-May 2013)
0 Nov–Dec 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Jan–27 May 2013
Measures implemented harming LAC still in force
Measures implemented harming LAC
Cumulative total number of measures harming LAC and still in force Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert.
less transparent than tariffs, their full impact is harder to gauge. Both North and South countries impose these protectionist measures, but developing countries are responsible for a majority of them (Figure 22). With regard to measures harming LAC exports, 29% of them have been imposed by LAC countries. Another 29% have originated in eight prominent trading partners in developing Asia14, and one quarter has been imposed by developed OECD countries. At a regionally disaggregated level, Andean and Southern Cone countries face the greatest protectionism from within LAC, while Central American and Caribbean countries are particularly exposed to protectionist measures from developing Asia. Only in Mexico is the percentage of measures
Most protectionist measures faced by LAC have been imposed by South countries, including in LAC.
imposed by North countries higher than that from the developing Asian economies. Thus, the markets with the most potential for LAC export growth, where the region’s FTA network is consolidating and expanding, are also those imposing a majority of new protectionist measures. Although the region’s trade LAC has adinterests have been harmed opted protecby restrictive trade provisions, LAC has also emerged tionist and as a source of new protecliberalizing tionist measures since the measures. 2008–2009 financial crisis (Figure 23). Like many other developing countries, those in LAC were slow to start introducing protectionist measures in 2009, but then quickened their pace considerably in
China, Taipei China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Republic of Korea, and Vietnam 14
23
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 22 Origin of Measures Affecting LAC Regions (Percent of measures by implementing region, November 2008-May 2013) 100%
11.0
17.8
90% 80%
24.9
24.1
70%
11.4
11.6
27.4
29.2
40%
24.5
25.1
20.9
25.6
28.6
60% 50%
23.6
36.5
38.3
24.2
23.6
30% 20%
36.6
29.0
10%
26.4
27.8
30.3
Caribbean nations
Mexico
Southern Cone
21.7
0% LAC
Andean countries
Incidence from other LAC,%
Central America
Incidence from Developing Asian 8,%
Incidence from OECD,%
Incidence from ROW,%
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert.
2010 and 2011. The introduction of new measures slowed in 2012 and does not seem to have accelerated in 2013. However, few measures have expired or have been repealed, with the result that the cumulative total of measures in force in LAC now stands at 354.
LAC’s share of protectionist measures appears even greater when compared to the region’s share of world trade. While representing only 6% of world trade, LAC has generated over 20% of protectionist measures from 2010–2012, and has had the lowest share of such measures removed since 2011 (Figure 24).
Figure 23 New and Accumulated Protectionist Measures in LAC (Number of measures, November 2008-May 2013) 375
100
300
117 106
75
225
83 50
150
66
25
75
0
0 Nov–Dec 2008
2009
2010
Total protectionist measures implemented Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert. 24
2011
2012
Jan–27 May 2013
Total net of removed measures
Stock of LAC protectionist measures still in force
New protectionist measures per year
125
Overview
Figure 24 LAC Share of Protectionist and Liberalizing Measures (Percentage of total world measures, November 2008-May 2013) 40%
30%
20%
10%
0% Nov–Dec 2008
2009
LAC share of worldwide liberalization
2010
2011
LAC share of worldwide protectionism
2012
Jan–27 May 2013
LAC share of global unwinding
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert.
This is partially compensated by the fact that LAC’s share of liberalizing measures is also higher than its share in world trade. However, the fact is that most of the crisis-era protectionism harming the commercial interests of LAC countries has been imposed by other LAC governments. These measures remain to be undone. Protectionist measures implemented by LAC are LAC has a skewed towards relativetendency ly less transparent non-tarto adopt iff measures (Figure 25). non-tariff Traditional trade defense barriers. measures such as anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, and safeguards against import surges head the list, followed by other non-specified types of non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Although trade defense measures are widely used elsewhere, NTBs used by LAC amount to over 50% of world total, meaning that the region’s countries tend to disproportionately implement such measures as compared to countries in other regions. Giordano (2012) has found that the
gains from reducing NTBs are, on average, substantially larger than the gains from tariff reduction in LAC. As such, increasing the number of such measures causes harm to LAC trade, and predominantly affects South-South and intra-LAC trade. In sum, while trade costs pose significant obstacles to developing countries, intra-LAC trade is the least costly for the region. As developing countries have expanded their network of FTAs, especially with other developing countries, tariffs on SouthSouth trade have declined substantially. However, the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis has witnessed an increase in protectionism worldwide. New protectionist measures in LAC have been disproportionately high and mostly based on nontariff barriers, which are less transparent and potentially more harmful than a proportional increase in tariffs. As the bulk of NTBs affecting LAC have been implemented by developing countries, including LAC itself, it is the responsibility of the region’s policymakers to preserve the ability of the private sector to take advantage of growing opportunities in South-South trade. 25
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 25 Types of Measures Implemented by LAC Countries
60%
150
50%
125
40%
100
30%
75
20%
50
10%
25
0%
Number
(Number and percentage world total, November 2008-May 2013)
0 Trade defence measures (AD, CVD, safeguard)
Non tariff barrier (not otherwise specified)
Tariff measure
Investment measure
Quota (including tariff rate quotas)
Local content requirement
Bail out or state aid measure
Number implemented by LAC
Share of LAC in world total, % Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert.
Private Sector Opportunities in South-South Trade Changes in the world trading system are not restricted to the emergence of new big players, but also include the reorganization of production and trade among them. The growing presence of transnational corporations originating and operating in the South, as evidenced by an increasing South-South flow of foreign direct investments, is one example of such reordering. A related phenomenon is the spread of global production sharing from the developed North to the developing South. In this context, access to finance must be increased to boost the participation of LAC companies in these emerging trade patterns. The growing amount of foreign direct investments (FDI) originating in South countries currently accounts for nearly half of the inflows to other developing countries. Although detailed data on bilateral FDI is not available, and FDI flows tend to be rather volatile from year to year, estimates show that the 26
share of South-South FDI has South-South grown from 16% in the earFDI is an ly 1990s to an average of 45% increasing in 2005–2011 (Figure 26). Recent reports also indishare of cate that FDI flows to develSouth FDI oping economies exceeded inflows. those to developed countries for the first time in 2012, by about US$130 billion15. Consistent with the trend observed in goods trade, FDI growth may become an increasingly South-South phenomenon. FDI inflows to Latin America have reached record levels, driven by high commodity prices and a steady growth of domestic markets. In 2012, they peaked at US$173 billion, 6.7% above 15
See UNCTAD (2013).
LAC FDI inflows reached record levels in 2012.
Overview
Figure 26 FDI Inflows in South Countries (Percent of total, 1990–2011) 100% 80% 60% 45%
38%
40% 20%
20%
16%
0%
South-South
from High-income OECD
from High-income Non-OECD
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
–20%
South-South Period average
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on UNCTAD, WDI, and OECD FDI statistics. Note: South-South FDI is calculated here as a residual after accounting for North inflows and North-South flows. See methodological notes for more detail.
the 2011 mark, continuing an upward trend that began in 201016. Brazil received the largest share of FDI flowing into the region (41%), while the largest increases were recorded in Peru (49%) and Chile (32%) due to high commodity prices that encouraged investments in these countries’ extractive industries. Mining received the highest share of FDI in 2012 (51%), followed by services (37%) and manufacturing (12%). This sectorial distribution has been relatively stable, with the share going to sectors based on natural resources remaining the same in 2012 (26%) as in 2007–2011. FDI outflow from LAC has followed a similar trajectory. The positive trend that began in 2010 reached a new peak in 2012, as FDI outflow reached US$48.7 billion, an increase of 17% from the previous year. Although global FDI flows have declined, LAC firms have expanded their investments in part to take advantage of opportunities arising from asset divestments by European
LAC FDI outflows followed a similar trend.
companies. Top FDI sources in LAC are currently Mexico (US$25.6 billion) and Chile (US$21.1 billion), followed by Brazil and Colombia. Overall, intra-LAC FDI increased substantially in 2012, and currently represents a noteworthy 14% of all FDI in the region. The upsurge of FDI flows in Large inLAC is intimately related to ternational the increasing presence of corporations transnational corporations (TNCs) in the region. Given have an that a large share of LAC FDI important is directed at the natural represence in sources sector, it is not surLAC. prising that most of these TNCs export commodities, although some export manufactured products as well. In addition to traditional North-based TNCs (e.g., Spain’s Repsol or Sweden-Finland’s Stora Enso), LAC now hosts a new group of such corporations. These include Southbased (often Chinese) transnationals (e.g., Shougang, 16
See ECLAC (2012). 27
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
described in Box 3), as well as some large LAC-based companies (e.g., Bianchini S.A., a Brazilian soy bean producer that exports mostly to Europe, Southeast Asia, and to a lesser extent within Latin America). The presence of LAC-based Latin TNCs has been increasAmerican ing not only in the region, but also abroad. For examTNCs are ple, Brazilian meat compagrowing in nies such as JBS-Friboi, BRF number and Foods, Mafrig, and Minerva reach. have acquired companies in the US and Australia, as well as in South America. This expansion has been supported by domestic financial institutions, such as Brazil’s National Bank for Economic and Social Development, which has provided financing for the acquisition of companies abroad, domestic firms with foreign subsidiaries, and the creation of joint ventures.
TNC operations in the South Some LAC increasingly involve vertiTNCs are incal FDI, resulting in “globtegrating into al production sharing.” This business model is characsophisticated terized by the fragmentavalue chains, tion of production processes but most still into discrete activities that specialize in are allocated across differcommodities. ent countries according to their respective comparative advantages in order to reduce production costs. As expected, most TNCs operating in LAC aim to take advantage of the region’s comparative advantage in commodity production. Production sharing in the region, however, is becoming more prevalent in terms of product coverage, with some companies moving up the value chain and integrating regional and global networks. Examples are textile and apparel firms that export products from Central American and
Box 3 Shougang Hierro Peru Shougang Hierro Peru SAA, ranked by Latin Trade magazine and Latin Business Chronicle in 2011 as the best firm in Latin America, is a prime example of a successful company exporting from Latin America to Asia. Part of the Shougang Group, one of the largest steel companies in China, the firm specializes in the prospection, extraction, processing and trading of iron ore. It runs mining operations in three sites on the southern coast of Peru: an exploitation site in Mine, a beneficiation site in San Nicolas, and a camp in San Juan, all in the Marcona district of the province of Nasca. According to Latin Trade, the company’s earnings increased 123.9% in 2010, reaching US$700 million. Overall, Peru’s mining sector is responsible for an estimated 60% of Peru’s export earnings. The company’s performance has benefited from favorable market conditions. For example, the Chinese steel industry has a growing demand for quality iron ore, but at the same time seeks to reduce its dependence on the top three iron ore producers (BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, and Vale). The company has also benefited from higher commodity prices and reinvestment of past earnings, which resulted in rapid output growth. However, structural factors also help explain the firm’s remarkable performance, such as its position within the Shougang Group global value chain, the vertical character of its operations, and its location and investments, which allow it to keep production costs down. While costs in Peru tend to be lower overall, the company’s location near the coast results in further savings on transportation, as it has been able to construct its own harbor and may soon have access to a highway to Brazil. Additionally, in order to avoid future cost spikes in energy, the company is planning to build a natural gas power plant to supply its own operations and, possibly, trade surplus energy. The case of Shougang Hierro Peru SAA clearly demonstrates the potential benefits of South-South FDI both for the source and the recipient countries.
28
Overview
Andean countries to the US while importing inputs from the US, Colombia, China, and India; and automobile manufacturers in Mexico and Brazil that sell their output in Latin America as well as in Asia17. The ability of companies to position themselves in global value chains (GVCs) determines their participation in global production sharing and, thus, in the so-called global network trade18. The increasing participation of developing countries in global manufacturing trade in large part results from their participation in global network trade, as network exports currently account for over 50% of total manufacturing exports. The participation of developing countries in GVCs, as measured by their percentage share in world exports of network products (i.e., parts and components—P&C—and final assembly), increased from 15.5% in 1996–1997 to 33.7% in 2009–2010 (UNCTAD, 2013). Given that network trade is the fastest growing component of manufacturing trade, failure to more extensively engage in production sharing partially explains LAC’s lower export growth as compared to Asia.
Participation in production networks is crucial for trade growth.
Despite opportunities opened up by global production sharing, the participation of LAC in GVCs remains marginal. Asian countries increased their participation in world exports of network products from 10.8% to 26.5% from 1996– 1997 to 2009–2010, while LAC’s share only inched up from 4% to 5%. In addition, the shares have been unevenly distributed: Mexico and Brazil account for over 80% of total network trade within LAC. Moreover, South-South network trade is becoming more relevant as a share of global network trade. In 1996, about 37.5% of P&C and 36.9% of final
LAC participation in network trade remains marginal.
assembled goods produced in the South were destined to other South markets. By 2009–2010, these figures had increased to 57.3% and 48% respectively. These trends again are driven mostly by Asia: China alone controls 50% of South-South network exports, mostly in P&C, while LAC’s share stands at 34%, predominantly exports of final assembled goods. Although figures on intra-LAC network trade are not available, data on P&C exports show that the share of intra-LAC P&C exports has remained relatively stable from 1995 to 2011, and higher than the share of P&C exports in LAC-Asia and Rest of LAC (excluding Mexico)-North trade (Figure 27). Thus, promoting intra-LAC trade is crucial for sustaining the region’s participation in network trade. In order to expand LAC trade Better access with the South, whether intrato finance LAC or with Asia, finding ways for trade and to increase firms’ participation in GVCs has to be a priinvestment is ority. In this context, among needed. other issues, it is important to channel credit to facilitate and increase trade and investment flows, both within LAC and between LAC and Asia. However, while a firm’s performance is partially dependent on its access to credit, financial markets in LAC, as in other South countries, are often less sophisticated and lack sufficient depth to absorb global trade risks. Local commercial banks tend to offer only limited financing solutions for exporters. Moreover, international banks, which possess more appropriate products for supply chain finance, have limited experience in emerging markets.
See also Blyde (Forthcoming). See Athukorala and Nasir (2012). Global network trade is defined as trade in parts and components and final assembly. The relative importance of each element varies among countries and over time in a given country. Therefore, data on parts and components trade alone is an incomplete indicator of network trade, and must be complemented by data on final assembly. 17
18
29
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 27 Share of Parts and Components in LAC Exports (Percentage of total exports, by destination, 1995–2011) 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 5%
Intra-LAC
LAC-Asia
Mexico-North
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0%
LAC (excl. Mexico)-North
Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL.
A recent survey conducted by the Asian Development Bank identified the lack of relationships between Latin American and Asian commercial banks as a major obstacle to increasing trade 19 with Asia . Multilateral banks such as the IDB fund trade finance programs, which provide guarantees and loans to commercial banks to support increased trade. Although important, these are not sufficient to close the existing financing gaps. Strong inter-regional multilateral cooperation could prove instrumental in increasing confidence in and relationships among commercial banks.
Financing gaps limit the expansion of LACAsia trade.
A partial solution to such financing gaps may rest in the operation of regional export credit agencies (ECAs). Such schemes can constitute an important source of financing, in particular for less traditional or riskier markets. As credit risk profiles vary within and across regions, the use of credit and political risk guarantee products from ECAs can be helpful 30
in addressing financing conExport credit, straints faced by emerging investment market borrowers. The global insurance, export credit and investment insurance industry provides and project a complementary approach. financing can In a recent report by the Berne foster SouthUnion, LAC is described as an South trade. under-penetrated region for that industry20. As such, greater availability of such insurance can offer a range of instruments to address the challenges of project financing in the region. Subscribers of credit insurance typically tend to be large companies, leaving plenty of room for growth in the small and medium-sized enterprise segment. Finally, for large undertakings, project finance has attracted increased interest as a tool to fund crossborder investment projects. This mechanism is particularly helpful as it structures financing based on
19 20
Asian Development Bank (2013). Berne Union Yearbook (2013).
Overview
the project’s operating cash flow and assets, thus alleviating investment risk for greenfield projects. In summary, over the last decade, the South has not only been increasing its role in final goods trade, but has also been stepping up its participation in global production sharing and intermediate goods trade. As the developing South takes up a larger share of FDI flows, originates and hosts more TNCs, and integrates GVCs, new instruments must be developed to address the obstacles to greater global and regional integration. This is even more relevant to LAC countries, whose participation in these promising production and trade patterns still has much room to grow.
Conclusion Part I of this report analyzed long-term trends and future prospects for LAC trade in the context of a global economy whose center of gravity had been shifting towards the South. The identified trends, which are unlikely to be completely reversed despite the most recent projections pointing to a slowdown of growth in the South, provide compelling reasons for seeking better access to developing markets in Asia as well as deepening economic integration within LAC and forging new trade ties with Africa. Indeed, South-South trade holds the potential to become an important avenue for export development and diversification for the countries of the region. In order to fully realize the growth potential of SouthSouth trade, LAC exporters and policymakers need to focus on the potential of developing countries’ markets, and especially those of their LAC neighbors. At the same time, it is necessary to understand and remove obstacles that limit the expansion of SouthSouth trade. Such obstacles are located both within export countries (e.g., high trade costs caused by inadequate infrastructure and burdensome rules and regulations), as well as among them (e.g., the
imposition of tariffs and especially non-tariff measures that hurt trade interests in a severe and nontransparent manner). From a private sector perspective, international trade is not only featuring a more balanced geographic orientation, but is also being driven by a new business model. These changes open new opportunities, from increased South-South FDI flows to insertion into global value chains. But, again, in order to harness these possibilities, LAC policymakers and exporters need to fully grasp and address the constraints that hamper South-South trade, notably financing mechanisms. Going forward, the region should be wary of the risks of excessive export concentration and be ready to adjust to new risks looming over the world economy. China, which has been the principal driver of SouthSouth trade, may not only be slowing down from the high growth rates of the past decade. It may also be shifting its development strategy from the export-led model that favored trade with emerging economies, including the commodity exporters of the region, to one based more on internal consumption. While focusing on South-South trade is certainly a valuable strategic option for LAC, it should be regarded as an additional component of a more comprehensive trade strategy that actively pursues export diversification, both in terms of products and destinations. The remainder of this report complements the analysis and data presented in Part I with Country Profiles which summarize the most recent trade performance indicators (Part II), and Free Trade Agreement Profiles that review selected agreements in force among LAC countries and their trading partners (Part III). Data sources and methodological notes can be found in Part IV. The Annex, available only in electronic format, provides detailed downloadable country statistics for each of the twenty-six IDB borrowing member countries. 31
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
References Arvis, Jean-François, Yann Duval, Ben Shepherd, and Chorthip Utoktham. 2013. “Trade Costs in the Developing World: 1995–2010.” Policy Research Working Paper no. 6309. Washington, DC: World Bank. Athukorala, Prema-chandra and Shahbaz Nasir. 2012. “Global Production Sharing and South-South Trade.” Background Paper No. RVC-1. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Beck, Steven. Qifeng Zhang, Shigehiro Shinozaki, Elnora Mangampat, and Maria Isabel Ferino. 2013. Asian Development Bank Trade Finance Survey: Major Findings. Asian Development Bank Briefs. No. 11. Manila: Asian Development Bank. Berne Union. 2013. Berne Union Yearbook 2013. London: Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd. Blyde, Juan. (forthcoming) 2014. The International Fragmentation of Production: Latin America and the Caribbean in the Era of Global Supply Chains. Special Report on Integration and Trade. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. 2012. Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2012. Santiago: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Evenett, Simon (ed.). 2013. Not Just Victims: Latin America and Crisis-Era Protectionism – The 13th GTA Report. Global Trade Alert. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Giordano, Paolo. 2012. “Investing in Integration.” Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 16: No. 34: January-June, 2012. Buenos Aires: Inter-American Development Bank-INTAL. International Monetary Fund. 2013 (April). World Economic Outlook: Hopes, Realities, and Risks. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund. 2013 (July). World Economic Outlook Update: Growing Pains. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Moreira, Mauricio Mesquita, Christian Volpe, and Juan Blyde. 2008. Unclogging the Arteries: The Impact of Transport Costs on Latin American and Caribbean Trade. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank and Cambridge, Massachusetts: David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2013. World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains Investment and Trade for Development. New York and Geneva: United Nations. World Trade Organization. 2013. World Trade Report 2013: Factors shaping the future of world trade. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Country Profiles
2
Country Profiles in the following pages present an overview of the performance and structure of international trade for each country as well as its multilateral and preferential trade policies. These include:
•• •• •• •• •• •• ••
Economy Size. GDP, population, and recent GDP growth rate Broad Trade Indicators. Total Exports, Imports, and Current Account Balance Non-Preferential Tariffs. Most Favored Nation tariff summary including average tariff level, minimum and maximum tariffs, and the frequency of each. Direction of Trade. Top 10 principal trading partners for exports and imports. Concentration of Trade. Degree of concentration of exports both in terms of products and trading partners. Sectoral Breakdown and Technological Content of Exports. Recent evolution of exports categorized by technology content and by UNCTAD sector. Preferential Trade. Map of preferential trading partners, recent evolution of preferential vs. non-preferential trade flows, and the relative importance of preferential partners and the degree of liberalization under FTAs as of 2013.
33
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
ARGENTINA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 477B 2012 GDP Growth: 1.9% 2012 Population: 40,764 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 11,720
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 78.4B (16.4% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 68.5B (14.3% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ 0.5B (0.1% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 1,923
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 27.2% Top 5 Markets: 41.6% Top 10 Markets: 55.0% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,865 (76.5%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 46.2% Top 50 Subheadings: 73.1% Top 100 Subheadings: 81.9% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 23: Residues from food industries (13.8%) 87: Vehicles (12.1%) 10: Cereals (12.1%)
34
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 15.94% Maximum Applied MFN: 35% (2,493 Tariff Lines (7.934%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 1,190 (3.8%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Brazil 87: Vehicles (9.3 %) Brazil 10: Cereals (2.1 %) Chile 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.6 %) Brazil 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.5 %) Colombia 10: Cereals (1.2 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) China Canada Indonesia India Spain
12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (3.5 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (2.2 %) 23: Residues from food industries (1.7 %) 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.3 %) 38: Miscellaneous chemicals (1.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Bolivia Brazil
1.0% 20.8%
2.1% 26.8%
100.0% N.A.
99.6% N.A.
Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru
6.4% 2.6% 0.5% 2.3%
1.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3%
100.0% 93.4% 93.7% 99.8%
100.0% 28.8% N.A. 13.0%
Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela
1.7% 2.4% 2.8%
0.7% 1.1% 0.1%
N.A. N.A. 93.1%
N.A. N.A. 29.6%
Total/Avg
40.5%
33.7%
96.7%
54.2%
35
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
BAHAMAS 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 8B 2012 GDP Growth: 1.8% 2012 Population: 347 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 23,472
Broad Trade Indicators 2008 Total Exports: US$ 0.4B (5.0% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 3.1B (37.5% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -1.2B (14.1% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 1,227
Destination of Exports (2008)
Source of Imports (2008)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2008 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 71.2% Top 5 Markets: 88.5% Top 10 Markets: 97.7% 2008 Number of Subheadings Exported: 1,253 (24.8%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 95.6% Top 50 Subheadings: 100.0% Top 100 Subheadings: 100.0% 2008 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 39: Plastics & articles thereof (36.7%) 03: Fish and crustaceans (19.9%) 29: Organic chemicals (18.4%)
36
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 35.93% Maximum Applied MFN: 85% (7 Tariff Lines (0.139%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 426 (8.4%)
2008 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (1.9 %) Argentina 39: Plastics & articles thereof (1.1 %) Trinidad and 25: Salt, earths and stone (0.2 %) Tobago Jamaica 25: Salt, earths and stone (0.2 %) Haiti 24: Tobacco (0.0 %)
2008 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States Canada Germany
39: Plastics & articles thereof (33.6 %) 03: Fish and crustaceans (13.3 %) 25: Salt, earths and stone (9.6 %) 29: Organic chemicals (7.4 %) 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (6.5 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World
LAC
Canada&USA
EU
Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
% of Total Trade FTA Partner
Share of X (2008)
Share of M (2008)
European Union
19.4%
1.3%
Total/Avg
19.4%
1.3%
37
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
BARBADOS 2010 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 4B 2010 GDP Growth: -0.5% 2010 Population: 274 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 15,562
Broad Trade Indicators 2011 Total Exports: US$ 0.5B (11.8% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 1.8B (41.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,855
Destination of Exports (2011)
Source of Imports (2011)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2011 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 42.7% Top 5 Markets: 70.7% Top 10 Markets: 84.4% 2011 Number of Subheadings Exported: 1,686 (33.4%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 69.4% Top 50 Subheadings: 88.9% Top 100 Subheadings: 93.7% 2011 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (39.9%) 30: Pharmaceutical products (14.2%) 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (9.0%)
38
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 19.85% Maximum Applied MFN: 70% (10 Tariff Lines (0.159%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 347 (5.5%)
2011 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Trinidad and 27: Mineral fuels and oils (11.7 %) Tobago Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica Guyana
27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.1 %) 30: Pharmaceutical products (1.6 %) 30: Pharmaceutical products (1.2 %) 25: Salt, earths and stone (1.2 %)
2011 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United Kingdom United States United Kingdom United States United States
30: Pharmaceutical products (6.5 %) 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (4.0 %) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (2.1 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (1.8 %) 85: Electrical machinery (1.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2011) Share of M (2011) Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Antigua and Barbuda
1.8%
--
100.0%
100.0%
Belize Dominica European Union Grenada
0.3% 0.9% 13.0% 1.9%
0.2% 0.1% 12.5% 0.1%
100.0% 100.0% 22.2% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Montserrat
2.8% 3.7% 0.9% 3.7% --
0.9% 0.5% -0.4% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2.8% 16.9% 2.6%
4.8% 26.5% 0.3%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
51.3%
46.3%
94.0%
100.0%
39
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
BELIZE 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 1B 2012 GDP Growth: 5.2% 2012 Population: 356 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 4,271
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 0.3B (22.3% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 0.9B (57.9% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ 0.0B (1.8% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 954
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 67.9% Top 5 Markets: 84.1% Top 10 Markets: 94.4% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 167 (3.3%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 90.1% Top 50 Subheadings: 99.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 100.0% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (27.4%) 20: Preparations of vegetables (22.8%) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (16.4%)
40
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 20.22% Maximum Applied MFN: 70% (10 Tariff Lines (0.159%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 345 (5.5%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Trinidad and 20: Preparations of vegetables (3.1 %) Tobago Mexico Dominican Republic Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica
03: Fish and crustaceans (1.3 %) 20: Preparations of vegetables (1.3 %) 03: Fish and crustaceans (1.2 %) 20: Preparations of vegetables (1.1 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United Kingdom United Kingdom Netherlands United States
27: Mineral fuels and oils (27.4 %) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (12.0 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (10.5 %) 20: Preparations of vegetables (7.3 %) 20: Preparations of vegetables (4.5 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
FTA Partner Antigua and Barbuda
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012) Grants (2013) Gets (2013) --
--
100.0%
100.0%
Barbados Dominica European Union Grenada
0.5% -- 34.4% --
0.1% -3.4% --
100.0% 100.0% 22.1% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Montserrat
0.9% 3.9% -- -- --
0.1% 0.8% -0.2% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-- 4.8% --
-1.9% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
44.5%
6.5%
94.0%
100.0%
41
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
BOLIVIA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 27B 2012 GDP Growth: 5.2% 2012 Population: 10,088 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 2,679
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 11.6B (43.1% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 8.3B (30.6% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,154
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 49.2% Top 5 Markets: 73.0% Top 10 Markets: 87.7% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 894 (17.7%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 85.1% Top 50 Subheadings: 97.0% Top 100 Subheadings: 98.8% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (49.9%) 26: Ores, slag & ash (17.5%) 71: Precious metals and stones (11.6%)
42
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 10.63% Maximum Applied MFN: 35% (327 Tariff Lines (4.437%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 537 (7.3%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Brazil 27: Mineral fuels and oils (30.6 %) Argentina 27: Mineral fuels and oils (17.3 %) Peru 26: Ores, slag & ash (2.3 %) Colombia 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.7 %) Peru 23: Residues from food industries (1.4 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%)
United States 71: Precious metals and stones (9.4 %) Japan 26: Ores, slag & ash (3.7 %) Korea, Republic of26: Ores, slag & ash (3.0 %) Belgium 26: Ores, slag & ash (2.7 %) Switzerland 71: Precious metals and stones (2.0 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Brazil
17.8% 31.5%
13.1% 18.4%
99.6% 99.6%
100.0% 100.0%
Chile Colombia Ecuador Mexico
1.7% 3.4% 1.9% 0.3%
4.6% 2.0% 0.4% 2.8%
N.A. 100.0% 100.0% 97.5%
N.A. 100.0% 100.0% 96.3%
Peru Paraguay Uruguay
5.3% 0.2% --
6.7% 1.0% 0.4%
100.0% 99.6% 99.6%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
62.1%
49.4%
99.5%
99.5%
43
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
BRAZIL 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 2253B 2012 GDP Growth: 0.9% 2012 Population: 196,655 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 11,457
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 239.5B (10.6% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 223.1B (9.9% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -54.2B (2.4% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 1,218
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 27.1% Top 5 Markets: 44.2% Top 10 Markets: 55.6% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 4,449 (88.1%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 43.0% Top 50 Subheadings: 69.6% Top 100 Subheadings: 78.8% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 26: Ores, slag & ash (13.9%) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (11.1%) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (6.1%)
44
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 11.61% Maximum Applied MFN: 35% (439 Tariff Lines (4.378%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 720 (7.2%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Argentina 87: Vehicles (2.9 %) Argentina 84: Machinery and appliances (0.8 %) Chile 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.4 %) Mexico 84: Machinery and appliances (0.4 %) Argentina 85: Electrical machinery (0.4 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) China China United States China United States
26: Ores, slag & ash (6.4 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (3.8 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.4 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.0 %) 72: Iron and steel (1.5 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Bolivia
7.5% 0.6%
7.4% 1.5%
N.A. 100.0%
N.A. 99.6%
Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru
1.9% 1.2% 0.4% 1.0%
1.9% 0.6% 0.1% 0.6%
100.0% 86.1% 93.0% 99.8%
100.0% 54.2% 38.1% 12.5%
Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela
1.1% 0.9% 2.1%
0.4% 0.8% 0.4%
N.A. N.A. 92.4%
N.A. N.A. 44.9%
Total/Avg
16.7%
13.7%
95.2%
58.2%
45
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
CHILE 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 268B 2012 GDP Growth: 5.6% 2012 Population: 17,269 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 15,543
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 76.7B (28.6% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 70.7B (26.3% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -9.5B (3.5% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 4,443
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 34.9% Top 5 Markets: 57.7% Top 10 Markets: 71.9% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,493 (69.1%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 64.6% Top 50 Subheadings: 84.7% Top 100 Subheadings: 91.4% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 74: Copper & articles thereof (34.4%) 26: Ores, slag & ash (24.7%) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (5.1%)
46
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 5.98% Maximum Applied MFN: 13% (12 Tariff Lines (0.167%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 35 (0.5%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Brazil 74: Copper & articles thereof (2.4 %) Brazil 26: Ores, slag & ash (0.9 %) Brazil 03: Fish and crustaceans (0.4 %) Brazil 31: Fertilizers (0.3 %) Peru 00: Reserved for national use (0.3 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) China Japan China United States India
74: Copper & articles thereof (13.4 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (7.4 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (6.9 %) 74: Copper & articles thereof (4.3 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (3.2 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Australia Bolivia Brazil Brunei Darussalam
1.6% 1.6% 0.6% 5.7% --
7.5% 0.6% 0.4% 7.3% --
100.0% 87.5% 100.0% 100.0% 97.1%
100.0% 90.8% N.A. 100.0% 74.2%
Canada China
1.6% 23.2%
1.4% 17.6%
98.9% 87.8%
100.0% 75.8%
Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador EFTA European Union Guatemala Honduras Japan Korea, Republic of Mexico Malaysia New Zealand Panama Peru Paraguay Singapore El Salvador Turkey Uruguay United States
1.3% 0.3% 0.7% 1.6% 15.2% 0.1% 0.1% 11.0% 6.0% 1.8% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 2.1% 0.2% 0.1% -- 0.6% 0.2% 11.7%
3.1% -3.0% 0.6% 13.9% 0.2% -3.0% 3.5% 3.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 2.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 22.1%
97.9% 95.5% 96.8% N.A. 99.7% 66.8% 99.4% N.A. 75.9% 98.7% N.A. 97.1% 98.3% 83.5% 100.0% 74.6% 83.2% 94.3% 100.0% 97.6%
97.2% 95.3% 96.8% N.A. 99.7% 52.3% 88.8% N.A. 93.4% 98.8% N.A. 83.9% 73.8% 83.4% 100.0% 100.0% 95.0% N.A. 100.0% 97.4%
Total/Avg
87.9%
92.3%
92.9%
90.8%
47
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
COLOMBIA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 369B 2012 GDP Growth: 4.0% 2012 Population: 46,927 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 7,881
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 60.0B (16.2% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 58.5B (15.8% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -11.4B (3.1% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 1,277
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 41.8% Top 5 Markets: 55.5% Top 10 Markets: 71.5% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,635 (72.0%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 76.1% Top 50 Subheadings: 87.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 91.0% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (64.9%) 71: Precious metals and stones (6.1%) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (3.3%)
48
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.51% Maximum Applied MFN: 98% (14 Tariff Lines (0.188%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,438 (46.1%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Panama 27: Mineral fuels and oils (3.8 %) Chile 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.8 %) Venezuela 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.9 %) Bahamas 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.9 %) Brazil 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.9 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States Spain China Netherlands
27: Mineral fuels and oils (25.7 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (4.7 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (4.4 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (4.4 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (3.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Bolivia Brazil Canada
0.5% 0.2% 2.2% 0.8%
4.0% 0.5% 4.8% 1.9%
28.8% 100.0% 54.2% 67.6%
93.4% 100.0% 86.1% 96.8%
Chile Ecuador EFTA European Union
3.6% 3.4% 1.2% 14.8%
1.6% 1.8% 1.0% 12.8%
97.2% 100.0% N.A. N.A.
97.9% 100.0% N.A. N.A.
Guatemala Honduras Mexico Peru
1.0% 0.3% 1.4% 2.6%
0.1% -10.9% 1.6%
87.0% 87.8% 94.8% 100.0%
78.3% 65.8% 95.6% 100.0%
Paraguay El Salvador Uruguay United States Venezuela
-- 0.3% -- 36.2% 4.5%
0.2% -0.1% 24.1% 1.0%
92.0% 87.9% 56.3% 76.3% N.A.
16.6% 77.9% 38.8% 97.6% N.A.
Total/Avg
73.0%
66.4%
80.7%
81.8%
49
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
COSTA RICA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 45B 2012 GDP Growth: 5.7% 2012 Population: 4,726 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 9,547
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 11.3B (25.0% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 18.4B (40.7% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 2,383
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 44.5% Top 5 Markets: 58.9% Top 10 Markets: 74.2% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,224 (63.8%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 51.8% Top 50 Subheadings: 72.2% Top 100 Subheadings: 81.7% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 85: Electrical machinery (24.9%) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (14.5%) 90: Precision instruments (12.1%)
50
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.36% Maximum Applied MFN: 150% (14 Tariff Lines (0.202%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,402 (49.0%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.3 %) Guatemala 21: Misc. edible preparations (0.7 %) Honduras 21: Misc. edible preparations (0.6 %) Panama 30: Pharmaceutical products (0.6 %) Panama 39: Plastics & articles thereof (0.5 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States Hong Kong Netherlands
85: Electrical machinery (8.8 %) 90: Precision instruments (8.5 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (6.4 %) 85: Electrical machinery (4.2 %) 85: Electrical machinery (3.6 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Canada
0.6%
1.3%
84.0%
98.2%
Chile China Dominican Republic Guatemala
0.2% 2.9% 2.3% 3.8%
1.6% 7.9% 0.2% 2.3%
95.3% 63.1% N.A. 99.8%
95.5% 65.3% N.A. 99.8%
Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama
3.1% 2.8% 4.4% 5.2%
0.8% 6.5% 0.8% 2.9%
99.8% 98.3% 99.8% 91.2%
99.8% 98.5% 99.8% 87.4%
Peru El Salvador United States
0.2% 2.7% 37.0%
0.8% 1.2% 51.7%
N.A. 99.8% 76.3%
N.A. 99.8% 99.9%
Total/Avg
65.2%
78.0%
90.7%
94.4%
51
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 58B 2012 GDP Growth: 3.9% 2012 Population: 10,056 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 5,857
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 11.3B (19.1% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 18.4B (31.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,120
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 70.3% Top 5 Markets: 79.1% Top 10 Markets: 85.0% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,722 (53.9%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 44.2% Top 50 Subheadings: 72.8% Top 100 Subheadings: 82.8% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 90: Precision instruments (10.3%) 24: Tobacco (7.4%) 85: Electrical machinery (7.4%)
52
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 7.55% Maximum Applied MFN: 40% (32 Tariff Lines (0.455%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,758 (53.5%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Haiti 52: Cotton (3.1 %) Haiti 61: Knitted apparel (2.1 %) Haiti 39: Plastics & articles thereof (1.0 %) Haiti 72: Iron and steel (0.9 %) Haiti 25: Salt, earths and stone (0.8 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States United States United States
90: Precision instruments (9.3 %) 85: Electrical machinery (6.9 %) 24: Tobacco (5.9 %) 61: Knitted apparel (4.3 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (4.1 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Costa Rica European Union Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua
0.4% 6.5% 1.9% 1.6% 0.2%
1.3% 9.9% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1%
N.A. 22.1% N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. 100.0% N.A. N.A. N.A.
El Salvador United States
0.1% 56.0%
0.4% 38.6%
N.A. 82.4%
N.A. 98.4%
Total/Avg
66.7%
51.2%
52.3%
99.2%
53
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
ECUADOR 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 84B 2012 GDP Growth: 3.6% 2012 Population: 14,666 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 5,763
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 23.8B (28.2% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 17.8B (21.0% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,623
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 52.9% Top 5 Markets: 70.0% Top 10 Markets: 83.5% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,480 (49.1%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 81.8% Top 50 Subheadings: 92.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 95.8% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (58.0%) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (9.2%) 03: Fish and crustaceans (6.8%)
54
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 10.04% Maximum Applied MFN: 675% (4 Tariff Lines (0.027%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 6,844 (45.6%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Peru 27: Mineral fuels and oils (7.0 %) Chile 27: Mineral fuels and oils (7.0 %) Panama 27: Mineral fuels and oils (3.7 %) Venezuela 87: Vehicles (1.1 %) Colombia 87: Vehicles (1.0 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States Japan Russian Federation United States
27: Mineral fuels and oils (35.2 %) 03: Fish and crustaceans (3.0 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.1 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (1.9 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (1.8 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina
0.4%
1.9%
N.A.
N.A.
Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia
0.1% 0.6% 8.4% 4.5%
0.1% 3.7% 2.5% 8.7%
100.0% 38.1% 96.8% 100.0%
100.0% 93.0% 96.8% 100.0%
Guatemala Peru Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela
0.4% 8.4% -- 0.1% 4.2%
0.1% 4.5% -0.3% 0.9%
N.A. 100.0% 80.5% 69.9% 100.0%
N.A. 100.0% 81.7% 72.9% 100.0%
Total/Avg
27.1%
22.7%
85.7%
93.1%
55
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
EL SALVADOR 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 23B 2012 GDP Growth: 1.6% 2012 Population: 6,227 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 3,819
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 5.3B (22.4% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 10.3B (43.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -1.3B (5.3% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 857
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 60.5% Top 5 Markets: 84.2% Top 10 Markets: 92.4% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,745 (54.3%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 37.7% Top 50 Subheadings: 68.8% Top 100 Subheadings: 81.2% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 61: Knitted apparel (30.9%) 39: Plastics & articles thereof (5.7%) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (5.6%)
56
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.19% Maximum Applied MFN: 164% (6 Tariff Lines (0.086%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,305 (47.6%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Honduras 61: Knitted apparel (3.1 %) Guatemala 39: Plastics & articles thereof (1.6 %) Honduras 39: Plastics & articles thereof (1.5 %) Guatemala 48: Paper and articles of paper (1.4 %) Guatemala 19: Preparations of cereals (1.2 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States United States United States
61: Knitted apparel (26.7 %) 62: Woven apparel (4.6 %) 85: Electrical machinery (3.3 %) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (2.9 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (1.9 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Chile
0.9%
0.5%
95.0%
83.2%
Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala
0.1% 4.3% 1.5% 13.4%
3.2% 2.9% 0.7% 9.7%
77.9% 99.8% N.A. 99.9%
87.9% 99.8% N.A. 99.9%
Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama
14.3% 1.6% 6.0% 2.3%
4.5% 6.8% 2.0% 1.7%
99.1% 95.7% 99.9% 81.7%
99.1% 97.2% 99.9% 80.4%
Taipei, China United States
0.1% 46.3%
1.5% 37.8%
60.5% 84.6%
66.4% 98.4%
Total/Avg
90.8%
71.3%
89.4%
91.2%
57
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
GUATEMALA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 50B 2012 GDP Growth: 3.0% 2012 Population: 14,707 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 3,425
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 10.1B (20.1% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 17.0B (33.7% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -1.4B (2.9% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 688
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 51.4% Top 5 Markets: 69.4% Top 10 Markets: 81.0% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,514 (69.6%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 43.0% Top 50 Subheadings: 67.4% Top 100 Subheadings: 78.7% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (12.0%) 61: Knitted apparel (9.1%) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (8.9%)
58
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 5.93% Maximum Applied MFN: 201% (1 Tariff Lines (0.014%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,331 (48.0%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.8 %) El Salvador 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (0.9 %) Mexico 40: Rubber & articles thereof (0.9 %) Chile 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (0.9 %) El Salvador 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.7 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States United States United States
61: Knitted apparel (8.6 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (8.1 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (5.6 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (4.3 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.9 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Chile
1.3%
0.8%
52.3%
66.8%
Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador
0.6% 4.2% 1.1% 0.2%
3.2% 2.8% 0.7% 1.3%
78.3% 99.8% N.A. N.A.
87.0% 99.8% N.A. N.A.
Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama
7.9% 5.4% 4.7% 2.4%
2.2% 11.3% 0.6% 3.2%
99.9% 94.9% 99.9% 96.7%
99.9% 97.2% 99.9% 96.2%
El Salvador Taipei, China United States
11.0% 0.5% 40.5%
4.6% 0.8% 38.0%
99.9% 63.4% 83.4%
99.9% 78.9% 98.4%
Total/Avg
79.8%
69.5%
86.9%
92.4%
59
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
GUYANA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 2B 2012 GDP Growth: 4.8% 2012 Population: 756 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 3,771
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 1.0B (35.8% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 1.9B (65.8% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,349
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 43.2% Top 5 Markets: 69.0% Top 10 Markets: 85.7% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 717 (14.2%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 89.5% Top 50 Subheadings: 98.3% Top 100 Subheadings: 99.5% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 71: Precious metals and stones (24.6%) 10: Cereals (19.2%) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (17.0%)
60
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 21.38% Maximum Applied MFN: 100% (34 Tariff Lines (0.540%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 319 (5.1%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Venezuela 10: Cereals (13.2 %) Jamaica 10: Cereals (2.4 %) Trinidad and 86: Railway cars and locomotives (1.5 %) Tobago Trinidad and 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (1.4 %) Tobago Trinidad and 10: Cereals (1.2 %) Tobago
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United Kingdom Canada Germany United States
71: Precious metals and stones (16.3 %) 17: Sugars and sugar confectionary (10.8 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (6.7 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (5.7 %) 03: Fish and crustaceans (4.2 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012) Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Antigua and Barbuda
0.4%
0.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Belize Barbados Dominica European Union
-- 1.6% 0.2% 23.9%
0.2% 0.8% 0.1% 7.8%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 22.1%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Montserrat
0.4% 4.2% 0.2% 0.4% --
-0.8% -0.2% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1.4% 5.4% 0.4%
2.0% 14.9% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
38.5%
27.0%
94.0%
100.0%
61
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
HAITI 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 7B 2012 Population: 10,123 Thousand
Broad Trade Indicators 2008 Total Exports: US$ 0.6B (9.2% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 0.6B (9.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -0.3B (4.4% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 61
Destination of Exports (2008)
62
2012 GDP Growth: 2.8% GDP/Capita: US$ 774
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 2.75% Maximum Applied MFN: 15% (355 Tariff Lines (7.027%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,453 (68.3%)
Source of Imports (2008)
Country Profiles
63
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
HONDURAS 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 17B 2012 GDP Growth: 3.5% 2012 Population: 8,195 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 2,192
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 4.8B (26.5% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 7.9B (44.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -1.7B (9.7% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 580
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 55.6% Top 5 Markets: 69.5% Top 10 Markets: 82.5% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,193 (43.4%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 60.9% Top 50 Subheadings: 84.8% Top 100 Subheadings: 91.4% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (28.6%) 85: Electrical machinery (11.2%) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (9.2%)
64
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.08% Maximum Applied MFN: 164% (5 Tariff Lines (0.072%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,323 (47.8%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.6 %) El Salvador 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (1.0 %) Venezuela 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (0.9 %) Guatemala 15: Animal or veg. fats & oils (0.6 %) El Salvador 39: Plastics & articles thereof (0.5 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States Germany United States Belgium United States
85: Electrical machinery (10.4 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (9.0 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (7.5 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (5.4 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (5.0 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Chile
0.1%
0.7%
88.8%
99.4%
Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala
0.3% 2.3% 0.8% 3.9%
3.1% 3.5% 0.7% 7.0%
65.8% 99.8% N.A. 99.9%
87.8% 99.8% N.A. 99.9%
Mexico Nicaragua Panama El Salvador
2.4% 2.9% 0.5% 4.2%
7.7% 0.6% 0.3% 4.5%
80.9% 99.9% 70.4% 99.1%
86.7% 99.9% 65.1% 99.1%
Taipei, China United States
0.5% 45.5%
0.6% 40.8%
87.8% 80.7%
71.5% 98.4%
Total/Avg
63.4%
69.5%
87.3%
90.8%
65
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
JAMAICA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 14B 2012 GDP Growth: -0.3% 2012 Population: 2,709 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 5,477
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 1.6B (11.1% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 6.6B (44.4% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 606
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 55.2% Top 5 Markets: 68.0% Top 10 Markets: 82.4% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 915 (18.1%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 86.4% Top 50 Subheadings: 96.4% Top 100 Subheadings: 98.6% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 28: Inorganic chemicals (31.5%) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (23.6%) 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (17.0%)
66
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 19.48% Maximum Applied MFN: 40% (425 Tariff Lines (6.754%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 330 (5.2%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Bahamas 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.2 %) Barbados 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.8 %) Brazil 28: Inorganic chemicals (0.5 %) Suriname 23: Residues from food industries (0.2 %) Trinidad and 19: Preparations of cereals (0.2 %) Tobago
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States Canada Slovenia
27: Mineral fuels and oils (20.2 %) 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (12.7 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (7.8 %) 28: Inorganic chemicals (5.3 %) 28: Inorganic chemicals (4.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012) Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Antigua and Barbuda
0.3%
--
100.0%
100.0%
Belize Barbados Dominica European Union
0.2% 1.3% 0.2% 19.1%
0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 5.6%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 22.1%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Grenada Guyana Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Montserrat
0.1% 0.5% -- 0.3% --
-0.6% ----
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.3% 0.9% 0.1%
0.7% 10.6% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
23.3%
18.5%
94.0%
100.0%
67
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
MEXICO 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 1178B 2012 GDP Growth: 3.8% 2012 Population: 114,793 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 10,262
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 370.9B (31.5% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 370.7B (31.5% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -9.2B (0.8% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 3,230
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 80.6% Top 5 Markets: 85.5% Top 10 Markets: 90.6% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 4,757 (94.2%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 34.6% Top 50 Subheadings: 58.8% Top 100 Subheadings: 69.9% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 85: Electrical machinery (20.2%) 87: Vehicles (18.9%) 84: Machinery and appliances (14.5%)
68
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.05% Maximum Applied MFN: 254% (4 Tariff Lines (0.033%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 7,103 (58.5%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Brazil 87: Vehicles (0.8 %) Colombia 87: Vehicles (0.4 %) Colombia 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.3 %) Argentina 87: Vehicles (0.2 %) Colombia 85: Electrical machinery (0.2 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States United States United States
85: Electrical machinery (17.0 %) 87: Vehicles (14.4 %) 84: Machinery and appliances (12.7 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (10.6 %) 90: Precision instruments (2.9 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Bolivia Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica
-- 2.9% 0.6% 1.5% 0.3%
-2.7% 0.4% 0.2% 0.9%
96.3% 99.0% 98.8% 95.6% 98.5%
97.5% 99.1% 98.7% 94.8% 98.3%
EFTA European Union Guatemala
0.2% 5.8% 0.5%
0.4% 10.8% 0.2%
N.A. 100.0% 97.2%
N.A. 98.1% 94.9%
Honduras Israel Japan Nicaragua
0.2% -- 0.7% 0.2%
0.1% 0.2% 4.8% --
86.7% N.A. 52.1% 99.2%
80.9% N.A. 86.9% 99.3%
El Salvador Uruguay United States
0.2% 0.1% 77.6%
-0.1% 49.9%
97.2% 97.6% 93.9%
95.7% 10.6% 100.0%
Total/Avg
90.8%
70.7%
93.2%
88.8%
69
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
NICARAGUA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 10B 2012 GDP Growth: 7.0% 2012 Population: 5,869 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 1,790
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 4.7B (44.9% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 5.9B (56.4% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -1.4B (12.8% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 804
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 54.0% Top 5 Markets: 75.5% Top 10 Markets: 87.3% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,147 (42.5%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 56.3% Top 50 Subheadings: 86.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 94.7% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 62: Woven apparel (13.7%) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (11.1%) 61: Knitted apparel (10.5%)
70
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 6.04% Maximum Applied MFN: 453% (1 Tariff Lines (0.014%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,355 (48.3%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 85: Electrical machinery (8.6 %) Venezuela 02: Meat and edible meat offal (4.4 %) Venezuela 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (2.1 %) El Salvador 04: Dairy produce, eggs and honey (1.8 %) Mexico 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (1.1 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States Canada United States United States
62: Woven apparel (12.9 %) 61: Knitted apparel (10.0 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (5.7 %) 09: Coffee, tea, mate and spices (4.2 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (3.7 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Costa Rica Dominican Republic
2.7% 0.6%
7.8% 0.2%
99.8% N.A.
99.8% N.A.
Guatemala Honduras Mexico Panama
1.7% 2.4% 10.3% 0.4%
5.7% 2.7% 7.4% 0.2%
99.9% 99.9% 99.3% 91.2%
99.9% 99.9% 99.2% 88.3%
El Salvador Taipei, China United States
5.3% 1.0% 43.8%
4.4% 0.4% 18.0%
99.9% 67.1% 79.7%
99.9% 99.9% 98.4%
Total/Avg
68.2%
46.8%
92.1%
98.2%
71
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
PANAMA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 36B 2012 GDP Growth: 10.8% 2012 Population: 3,571 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 10,151
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 0.8B (2.3% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 12.6B (34.8% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ -3.3B (9.0% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 230
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 34.2% Top 5 Markets: 51.4% Top 10 Markets: 70.2% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 495 (9.8%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 54.0% Top 50 Subheadings: 88.8% Top 100 Subheadings: 95.7% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 08: Edible fruits and nuts (18.1%) 71: Precious metals and stones (15.7%) 03: Fish and crustaceans (12.7%)
72
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 7.84% Maximum Applied MFN: 260% (6 Tariff Lines (0.068%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 2,946 (33.6%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Costa Rica 04: Dairy produce, eggs and honey (1.4 %) Suriname 48: Paper and articles of paper (1.1 %) Chile 22: Beverages, spirits and vinegar (0.7 %) Costa Rica 76: Aluminium & articles thereof (0.7 %) Costa Rica 03: Fish and crustaceans (0.7 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) Canada United States Sweden Netherlands United States
71: Precious metals and stones (14.4 %) 03: Fish and crustaceans (7.3 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (4.8 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (4.6 %) 08: Edible fruits and nuts (4.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Canada
14.6%
0.5%
N.A.
N.A.
Chile Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras
0.9% 6.6% 0.8% 1.6%
0.6% 4.6% 1.7% 0.3%
73.8% 87.4% 96.2% 65.1%
98.3% 91.2% 96.7% 70.4%
Nicaragua Peru Singapore El Salvador
1.7% 0.5% -- 1.3%
0.2% 0.8% 0.1% 0.9%
88.3% N.A. 76.2% 80.4%
91.2% N.A. 100.0% 81.7%
Taipei, China United States
4.0% 19.6%
0.4% 23.6%
95.1% 99.2%
97.8% 98.6%
Total/Avg
51.6%
33.7%
84.6%
91.8%
73
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
PARAGUAY 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 25B 2012 GDP Growth: 13.3% 2012 Population: 6,568 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 3,882
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 7.3B (28.6% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 10.8B (42.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,108
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 48.8% Top 5 Markets: 66.3% Top 10 Markets: 77.5% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 1,242 (24.6%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 81.7% Top 50 Subheadings: 93.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 97.3% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (31.2%) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (22.9%) 10: Cereals (14.3%)
74
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 8.81% Maximum Applied MFN: 30% (4 Tariff Lines (0.041%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 1,608 (16.3%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Brazil 27: Mineral fuels and oils (24.4 %) Brazil 10: Cereals (6.6 %) Argentina 27: Mineral fuels and oils (6.3 %) Brazil 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (1.8 %) Chile 10: Cereals (1.7 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) Russian Federation Germany Russian Federation Spain Italy
02: Meat and edible meat offal (7.3 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (5.5 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (2.3 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (1.6 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (1.6 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Bolivia
8.3% 1.2%
16.4% 0.2%
N.A. 100.0%
N.A. 99.6%
Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador
39.1% 2.6% 0.7% 0.2%
23.7% 1.3% 0.2% --
N.A. 100.0% 16.6% 81.7%
N.A. 100.0% 92.0% 80.5%
Peru Uruguay Venezuela
2.2% 1.4% 0.8%
0.1% 1.4% 1.1%
95.1% N.A. 17.6%
87.0% N.A. 87.9%
Total/Avg
56.5%
44.4%
68.5%
91.2%
75
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
PERU 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 199B 2012 GDP Growth: 6.2% 2012 Population: 29,399 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 6,785
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 45.5B (22.8% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 42.3B (21.2% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 1,546
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 30.4% Top 5 Markets: 54.8% Top 10 Markets: 73.7% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 3,588 (71.0%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 66.1% Top 50 Subheadings: 86.1% Top 100 Subheadings: 90.9% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 26: Ores, slag & ash (29.0%) 71: Precious metals and stones (22.3%) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (11.7%)
76
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 3.17% Maximum Applied MFN: 11% (1,584 Tariff Lines (10.472%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 8,464 (56.0%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Chile 26: Ores, slag & ash (1.4 %) Chile 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.2 %) Venezuela 61: Knitted apparel (1.0 %) Brazil 74: Copper & articles thereof (0.9 %) Panama 27: Mineral fuels and oils (0.8 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) China Switzerland Canada Japan United States
26: Ores, slag & ash (12.1 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (11.1 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (6.0 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (3.7 %) 71: Precious metals and stones (3.6 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina
0.4%
4.6%
13.0%
99.8%
Bolivia
1.2%
1.2%
100.0%
100.0%
Brazil
3.1%
6.1%
12.5%
99.8%
Canada
7.5%
1.4%
77.8%
98.4%
Chile
4.4%
2.9%
83.4%
83.5%
China Colombia
17.1% 2.0%
18.5% 3.7%
62.7% 100.0%
61.2% 100.0%
Costa Rica
0.1%
0.1%
N.A.
N.A.
Ecuador
2.0%
4.8%
100.0%
100.0%
EFTA
11.2%
0.4%
N.A.
N.A.
European Union
16.3%
11.8%
N.A.
N.A.
Japan Korea, Republic of
5.7% 3.4%
3.6% 3.9%
77.6% 67.8%
81.7% 84.5%
Panama
1.1%
0.1%
N.A.
N.A.
--
0.5%
87.0%
95.1%
Paraguay Singapore
--
0.1%
53.2%
100.0%
Thailand
0.5%
1.1%
78.4%
80.1%
Uruguay
0.1%
0.4%
82.7%
88.7%
United States Venezuela
13.3% 2.7%
18.9% 0.5%
89.6% N.A.
99.1% N.A.
Total/Avg
92.1%
84.6%
72.4%
91.5%
77
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
SURINAME 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 4B 2012 Population: 529 Thousand
Broad Trade Indicators 2008 Total Exports: N.A. Total Imports: N.A. Current Acct. Bal: US$ 0.3B (9.6% of GDP) Exports/Capita: N.A.
78
2012 GDP Growth: 4.5% GDP/Capita: US$ 8,949
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 19.42% Maximum Applied MFN: 50% (35 Tariff Lines (0.556%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 313 (5.0%)
Destination of Exports (2008)
Source of Imports (2008)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
FTA Partner Antigua and Barbuda
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2008) Share of M (2008) Grants (2013) Gets (2013) --
1.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Belize Barbados Dominica European Union
-- 3.1% -- 14.4%
-0.4% 0.1% 23.2%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 21.5%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Grenada Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia
-- 4.5% 0.3% -- 0.2%
-0.4% 0.3% ---
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Montserrat Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-- 2.3% --
-20.6% --
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
24.8%
46.0%
94.0%
100.0%
79
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 23B 2012 GDP Growth: 1.2% 2012 Population: 1,346 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 17,815
Broad Trade Indicators 2010 Total Exports: US$ 10.9B (52.3% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 10.9B (52.3% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ 3.6B (17.4% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 8,144
Destination of Exports (2010)
Source of Imports (2010)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2010 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 53.8% Top 5 Markets: 62.6% Top 10 Markets: 72.5% 2010 Number of Subheadings Exported: 2,389 (47.3%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 83.3% Top 50 Subheadings: 97.0% Top 100 Subheadings: 98.5% 2010 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 27: Mineral fuels and oils (60.9%) 28: Inorganic chemicals (13.4%) 29: Organic chemicals (5.8%)
80
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 19.78% Maximum Applied MFN: 40% (411 Tariff Lines (6.531%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 325 (5.2%)
2010 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Jamaica 27: Mineral fuels and oils (5.5 %) Barbados 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.9 %) Suriname 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.3 %) Colombia 27: Mineral fuels and oils (2.0 %) Guyana 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.7 %)
2010 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States United States United States United States United Kingdom
27: Mineral fuels and oils (26.0 %) 28: Inorganic chemicals (11.2 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (4.7 %) 29: Organic chemicals (3.2 %) 27: Mineral fuels and oils (1.6 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2010) Share of M (2010) Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Antigua and Barbuda
1.1%
--
100.0%
100.0%
Belize Barbados Dominica European Union
0.1% 3.4% 0.3% 7.5%
0.2% 0.6% 0.1% 9.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 22.1%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Grenada Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia
0.5% 2.4% 6.5% 0.2% 0.9%
-0.4% 0.2% -0.1%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Montserrat Suriname Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-- 2.7% 0.5%
-0.1% 0.1%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total/Avg
26.1%
10.8%
94.0%
100.0%
81
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
URUGUAY 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 49B 2012 GDP Growth: 4.6% 2012 Population: 3,368 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 14,563
Broad Trade Indicators 2012 Total Exports: US$ 8.7B (17.8% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 11.6B (23.7% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: N.A. Exports/Capita: US$: 2,595
Destination of Exports (2012)
Source of Imports (2012)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2012 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 32.1% Top 5 Markets: 51.8% Top 10 Markets: 68.3% 2012 Number of Subheadings Exported: 1,899 (37.6%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 53.6% Top 50 Subheadings: 80.5% Top 100 Subheadings: 90.3% 2012 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 02: Meat and edible meat offal (18.2%) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (16.0%) 10: Cereals (12.3%)
82
MFN Tariffs 2013 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 9.43% Maximum Applied MFN: 35% (70 Tariff Lines (0.302%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 3,362 (14.5%)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Venezuela 04: Dairy produce, eggs and honey (2.9 %) Brazil 04: Dairy produce, eggs and honey (2.8 %) Brazil 39: Plastics & articles thereof (2.5 %) Brazil 11: Products of milling (2.3 %) Brazil 10: Cereals (2.3 %)
2012 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) Z.f.nueva palmira China Z.f.nueva palmira Russian Federation
12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (8.9 %) 12: Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (5.3 %) 10: Cereals (3.7 %) 02: Meat and edible meat offal (3.4 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2012) Share of M (2012)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina
5.8%
15.0%
N.A.
N.A.
Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia
0.2% 19.3% 2.4% 0.4%
0.1% 18.0% 1.2% 0.3%
100.0% N.A. 100.0% 38.8%
99.6% N.A. 100.0% 56.3%
Ecuador Mexico Peru Paraguay Venezuela
0.1% 1.7% 1.6% 1.7% 4.8%
0.2% 2.5% 0.2% 0.7% 7.1%
72.9% 10.6% 88.7% N.A. 11.8%
69.9% 97.6% 82.7% N.A. 22.0%
Total/Avg
38.0%
45.3%
60.4%
75.4%
83
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
VENEZUELA 2012 Gross Domestic Product: US$ 382B 2012 GDP Growth: 5.8% 2012 Population: 29,278 Thousand GDP/Capita: US$ 13,061
Broad Trade Indicators 2009 Total Exports: US$ 1.6B (0.5% of GDP) Total Imports: US$ 1.6B (0.5% of GDP) Current Acct. Bal: US$ 8.6B (2.6% of GDP) Exports/Capita: US$: 57
Destination of Exports (2009)
Source of Imports (2009)
Export Concentration by Markets (% of total; categories are cumulative)
Export Concentration by Products (% of total; categories are cumulative)
2009 % of Exports to: Top 2 Markets: 38.1% Top 5 Markets: 68.1% Top 10 Markets: 81.1% 2009 Number of Subheadings Exported: 1,804 (35.7%) % of Exports in: Top 10 Subheadings: 58.0% Top 50 Subheadings: 79.2% Top 100 Subheadings: 88.1% 2009 Top 3 Exported HS Chapters: 76: Aluminium & articles thereof (25.8%) 72: Iron and steel (25.8%) 26: Ores, slag & ash (10.4%)
84
MFN Tariffs 2012 Average Applied MFN Tariff: 11.90% Maximum Applied MFN: 40% (19 Tariff Lines (0.272%)) Number of Tariff Lines Duty-Free: 41 (0.6%)
2009 Top 5 Country/Chapter (LAC) Exports (%) Mexico 76: Aluminium & articles thereof (8.7 %) Colombia 72: Iron and steel (4.1 %) Colombia 76: Aluminium & articles thereof (1.4 %) Mexico 72: Iron and steel (1.3 %) Colombia 84: Machinery and appliances (1.1 %)
2009 Top 5 Country/Chapter (ROW) Exports (%) United States China China United States Germany
76: Aluminium & articles thereof (11.6 %) 72: Iron and steel (7.8 %) 26: Ores, slag & ash (7.1 %) 72: Iron and steel (3.7 %) 72: Iron and steel (2.3 %)
Country Profiles
Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to World (US$ in millions)
Sectoral Profile of Exports to World (% of Total)
World LAC Canada&USA EU Asia-Pacific
Free Trade Agreements Free Trade Agreements Partners
FTA Partner
Exports to FTA Partners vs. Rest of the World (US$ Billion)
% of Total Trade
Tariff Lines Duty Free
Share of X (2009) Share of M (2009)
Grants (2013) Gets (2013)
Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru
0.2% 3.0% 14.4% 1.7% 1.0%
2.3% 8.8% 11.5% 1.6% 1.4%
29.6% 44.9% N.A. 100.0% N.A.
93.1% 92.4% N.A. 100.0% N.A.
Paraguay Uruguay
-- 0.1%
0.2% 0.8%
87.9% 22.0%
17.6% 11.8%
Total/Avg
20.4%
26.6%
56.9%
63.0%
85
Agreement Profiles
3
The Agreement Profiles in the following pages present a summary of the prominent aspects of each agreement for a selected set of Free Trade Agreements in force in Latin America and the Caribbean, including the following:
•• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• ••
Agreement Members. List of agreement signatories for which the agreement is in force. Members’ Non-preferential tariff level. The average MFN tariff level for each member, indicating the average level of preference granted to other members. Entry into Force. Date on which the agreement became effective for each member. Intra-Agreement Trade. The recent evolution of trade flows between members of the agreement, as well as the share in each member’s total exports represented by intra-agreement exports. Product Coverage. Percent of products (tariff lines) and of trade with tariffs completely eliminated at different points over the coming years, or excluded from coverage. Agreement in the context of the regional “Spaghetti Bowl”. A map identifying agreement members, as well as all other countries with which some or all members have FTAs in force. Tariff Rate Quotas and Rules of Origin. Summary of the number and coverage of tariff rate quotas and the criteria used in the rules of origin. Top Traded Products. Identifies the principal products exported by each member country to agreement partners. Exclusions. Identifies HS Chapters containing the most trade excluded from tariff liberalization under the agreement.
87
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Andean Community Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Bolivia (10.63%) Colombia (6.51%) Ecuador (10.04%) Peru (3.17%) Signature: May 26, 1969 | Entry into Force: October 25, 1969
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
88
18.47% 10.56% 10.26% 6.21% 7.45% 12.92% 3.71% 5.27% 8.39% 7.40%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.71% Third parties in common to all 3.60% Third parties in common to one or 77.06% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings Change of Tariff Classification Value Requirement Other Requirements
95.29% 1.38% 2.29%
Country Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 23 27 27 39
Residues from food industries (28.93%) Mineral fuels and oils (14.01%) Mineral fuels and oils (54.29%) Plastics & articles thereof (9.62%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) BOL->COL BOL->ECU BOL->PER COL->BOL COL->ECU COL->PER ECU->BOL ECU->COL ECU->PER PER->BOL PER->COL PER->ECU
38 44 38 44 44 68 84 38 03 74 38 44
Miscellaneous chemicals (2.43%) Wood & articles of wood (6.69%) Miscellaneous chemicals (0.74%) Wood & articles of wood (0.15%) Wood & articles of wood (3.96%) Articles of stone (0.72%) Machinery and appliances (0.01%) Miscellaneous chemicals (5.07%) Fish and crustaceans (0.36%) Copper & articles thereof (0.52%) Miscellaneous chemicals (2.13%) Wood & articles of wood (1.69%)
89
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Canada-Costa Rica Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Canada (2.73%) Costa Rica (6.36%) Signature: April 23, 2001 | Entry into Force: November 1, 2002
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2001) (2012) Costa Rica Canada Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
90
0.61% 0.61% 0.02% 0.04% 0.03% 0.06%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 2.50% Third parties in common to both 25.65% Third parties in common to one 7.97%
Country
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
Canada Costa Rica
1 7
11 35
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
100% 23.2% 3.49% 6.26%
Country Canada Costa Rica
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 72 90
Iron and steel (19.84%) Precision instruments (17.59%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CAN->CRI CRI->CAN
85 85
Electrical machinery (17.24%) Electrical machinery (3.67%)
91
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Â
92
Agreement Profiles
Â
93
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Central American Common Market Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Costa Rica (6.36%) El Salvador (6.19%) Guatemala (5.93%) Honduras (6.08%) Nicaragua (6.04%) Signature: December 13, 1960 | Entry into Force: December 13, 1960
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua El Salvador Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
94
12.53% 14.10% 29.23% 27.68% 5.61% 13.22% 16.25% 12.53% 25.87% 37.95% 19.41% 21.13%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.18% Third parties in common to all 25.22% Third parties in common to one or 10.80% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Other Requirements
99.98% 9.54% 1.48%
Country Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 21 39 39 15 04
Misc. edible preparations (14.04%) Plastics & articles thereof (11.76%) Plastics & articles thereof (7.27%) Animal or veg. fats & oils (15.03%) Dairy produce, eggs and honey (22.76%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CRI->GTM CRI->HND CRI->NIC CRI->SLV GTM->CRI GTM->HND GTM->NIC GTM->SLV HND->CRI HND->GTM HND->NIC HND->SLV NIC->CRI NIC->GTM NIC->HND NIC->SLV SLV->CRI SLV->GTM SLV->HND SLV->NIC
38 73 09 73 38 38 85 85 38 38 38 73 38 38 01 68 38 38 44 38
Miscellaneous chemicals (3.96%) Articles of iron or steel (1.90%) Coffee, tea, mate and spices (1.46%) Articles of iron or steel (0.40%) Miscellaneous chemicals (4.03%) Miscellaneous chemicals (0.98%) Electrical machinery (0.51%) Electrical machinery (0.56%) Miscellaneous chemicals (3.18%) Miscellaneous chemicals (2.89%) Miscellaneous chemicals (0.17%) Articles of iron or steel (0.35%) Miscellaneous chemicals (1.57%) Miscellaneous chemicals (3.01%) Live animals (0.69%) Articles of stone (1.73%) Miscellaneous chemicals (1.83%) Miscellaneous chemicals (1.79%) Wood & articles of wood (0.65%) Miscellaneous chemicals (0.20%)
95
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile-Australia Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Australia (2.78%) Chile (5.98%) Signature: July 30, 2008 | Entry into Force: March 6, 2009
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2008) (2012) Chile Australia Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
96
0.70% 1.56% 0.16% 0.09% 0.31% 0.28%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 2.02% Third parties in common to both 24.24% Third parties in common to one 59.44%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Not yet available
Country Chile
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 74
Copper & articles thereof (82.13%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->AUS
39
Plastics & articles thereof (0.30%)
97
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile - Canada Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Canada (2.73%) Chile (5.98%) Signature: December 5, 1996 | Entry into Force: July 5, 1997
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1996) (2012) Chile Canada Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
98
0.93% 1.62% N.A. 0.17% 0.93% 0.40%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 2.75% Third parties in common to both 25.79% Third parties in common to one 55.39%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines Chile
4
15
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements Wholly Obtained
99.96% 38.99% 4.05% 6.16% 0.02%
Country Canada Chile
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 84 71
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts... (21.37%) Precious metals and stones (51.22%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CAN->CHL CHL->CAN
71 15
Precious metals and stones (15.14%) Animal or veg. fats & oils (4.99%)
99
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile-Central American Common Market Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) Costa Rica (6.36%) El Salvador (6.19%) Guatemala (5.93%) Honduras (6.08%) Signature: October 18, 1999 | Entry into Force: Honduras: July 18, 2008; El Salvador: June 3, 2002; Costa Rica: February 15, 2002; Guatemala: March 23, 2010
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2009) (2012) Chile Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
100
0.67% 0.57% 9.81% 9.87% 24.99% 24.29% 18.42% 10.38% 31.19% 32.82% 6.30% 5.78%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.46% Third parties in common to all 25.15% Third parties in common to one or 58.40% more
Country
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
Chile Guatemala Honduras
9 9 1
21 13 3
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements Wholly Obtained
90.04% 0.77% 0.14% 8.81% 1.66%
Country Chile Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 74 21 39 39 15
Copper & articles thereof (24.98%) Misc. edible preparations (16.66%) Plastics & articles thereof (11.01%) Plastics & articles thereof (6.77%) Animal or veg. fats & oils (15.41%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->CRI CHL->GTM CHL->HND CHL->SLV CRI->CHL GTM->CHL HND->CHL SLV->CHL
85 17 63 17 44 44 44 48
Electrical machinery (8.03%) Sugars and sugar confectionary (63.86%) Other textile articles (0.31%) Sugars and sugar confectionary (69.65%) Wood & articles of wood (13.85%) Wood & articles of wood (17.56%) Wood & articles of wood (4.01%) Paper and articles of paper (8.66%)
101
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile-China Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) China (9.69%) Signature: November 18, 2005 | Entry into Force: October 1, 2006
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2005) (2012) Chile China Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
102
11.37% 23.22% 0.28% 0.62% 0.82% 1.43%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 7.67% Third parties in common to both 0.95% Third parties in common to one 77.08%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings Change of Tariff Classification Value Requirement
12.04% 87.96%
Country Chile China
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 74 85
Copper & articles thereof (57.54%) Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders... (13.01%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->CHN CHN->CHL
85 28
Electrical machinery (16.41%) Inorganic chemicals (0.55%)
103
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile-European Union Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) European Union (4.95%) Signature: November 18, 2002 | Entry into Force: February 1, 2003
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2002) (2012) Chile European Union Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
104
24.44% 15.29% 0.36% 0.49% 0.87% 1.06%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 29.87% Third parties in common to all 2.38% Third parties in common to one or 53.68% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Country
Chile European Union
5
32
13
293
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements Wholly Obtained
57.65% 2.92% 29.29% 15.82% 7.48%
Country Chile
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 74
Copper & articles thereof (39.01%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->EUE EUE->CHL
27 03
Mineral fuels and oils (2.97%) Fish and crustaceans (2.55%)
105
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile–Republic of Korea Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) Korea, Republic of (12.15%) Signature: February 15, 2003 | Entry into Force: April 1, 2004
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
% of Tariff Lines
106
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2003) (2012)
Tariff Liberalization
Chile Korea, Republic of
5.01% 0.27%
6.04% 0.45%
Total
0.71%
1.14%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 1.81% Third parties in common to both 53.80% Third parties in common to one 32.14%
Country
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Korea, Republic of
7
25
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
99.41% 22.26% 9.43% 5.77%
Country Chile Korea, Republic of Rep.->Partner CHL->KOR KOR->CHL
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 74 87
Copper & articles thereof (41.86%) Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling- stock,and parts and ac... (53.65%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) 85 08
Electrical machinery (1.98%) Edible fruits and nuts (0.09%)
107
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile - Mexico Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) Mexico (6.05%) Signature: April 17, 1998 | Entry into Force: August 1, 1999
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1998) (2012) Chile Mexico Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
108
3.31% 1.77% 0.53% 0.61% 0.84% 0.81%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 2.08% Third parties in common to both 65.53% Third parties in common to one 16.66%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
99.36% 19.73% 2.76% 0.12%
Country Chile Mexico
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 44 85
Wood & articles of wood (16.89%) Electrical machinery (25.39%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->MEX MEX->CHL
85 44
Electrical machinery (21.21%) Wood & articles of wood (9.54%)
109
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile-USA Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) United States (4.29%) Signature: June 6, 2003 | Entry into Force: January 1, 2004
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2003) (2012) Chile United States Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
110
17.78% 11.71% 0.37% 1.28% 0.91% 1.84%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 23.62% Third parties in common to both 8.60% Third parties in common to one 52.44%
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Country
Chile United States
2
10
17
186
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements Wholly Obtained
99.98% 32.43% 2.75% 8.27% 0.02%
Country
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports)
Chile United States
74 27
Copper & articles thereof (36.89%) Mineral fuels and oils (34.84%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->USA USA->CHL
27 03
Mineral fuels and oils (35.11%) Fish and crustaceans (10.04%)
111
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Colombia-Chile Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) Colombia (6.51%) Signature: December 6, 1993 | Entry into Force: December 6, 1993
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Chile Colombia Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
112
1.15% 1.28% 1.42% 3.65% 1.25% 2.32%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.68% Third parties in common to both 62.47% Third parties in common to one 21.30%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
98.26% 2.41% 0.36% 1.55%
Country Chile Colombia
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 08 27
Edible fruits and nuts (13.83%) Mineral fuels and oils (76.89%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->COL COL->CHL
27 44
Mineral fuels and oils (22.97%) Wood & articles of wood (5.01%)
113
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Colombia-Northern Triangle Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Colombia (6.51%) El Salvador (6.19%) Guatemala (5.93%) Honduras (6.08%) Signature: August 9, 2007 | Entry into Force: Not yet into force
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Colombia Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
114
0.73% 1.62% 20.70% 19.42% 2.33% 8.41% 18.20% 27.76% 5.63% 6.01%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.51% Third parties in common to all 25.40% Third parties in common to one or 37.92% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
98.1% 6.46% 0.7% 1.11%
Country Colombia El Salvador Guatemala Honduras
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 27 61 39 15
Mineral fuels and oils (54.43%) Knitted apparel (11.45%) Plastics & articles thereof (6.59%) Animal or veg. fats & oils (17.99%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) COL->GTM COL->HND COL->SLV GTM->COL HND->COL SLV->COL
40 68 85 38 38 38
Rubber & articles thereof (46.82%) Articles of stone (2.60%) Electrical machinery (0.54%) Miscellaneous chemicals (3.24%) Miscellaneous chemicals (3.69%) Miscellaneous chemicals (1.31%)
115
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Common Market of the South-Bolivia Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Argentina (15.94%) Bolivia (10.63%) Brazil (11.61%) Paraguay (8.81%) Uruguay (9.43%) Signature: Deecember 17, 1996 | Entry into Force: February 28, 1997
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1996) (2012) Argentina Bolivia Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
116
34.50% 25.94% 15.18% 49.51% 16.41% 10.13% 63.59% 50.03% 48.06% 27.01% 23.69% 16.31%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 3.33% Third parties in common to all 0.97% Third parties in common to one or 2.30% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
Argentina
2
2
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings Change of Tariff Classification Value Requirement Other Requirements
57.86% 32.93% 21.94%
Country Argentina Bolivia Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 87 27 87 27 39
Vehicles (36.93%) Mineral fuels and oils (96.84%) Vehicles (30.88%) Mineral fuels and oils (62.32%) Plastics & articles thereof (11.44%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) ARG->BOL BOL->ARG BOL->BRA BOL->PRY BOL->URY BRA->BOL PRY->BOL URY->BOL
44 27 27 38 38 08 19 44
Wood & articles of wood (0.16%) Mineral fuels and oils (24.03%) Mineral fuels and oils (9.60%) Miscellaneous chemicals (14.82%) Miscellaneous chemicals (22.47%) Edible fruits and nuts (0.05%) Preparations of cereals (7.55%) Wood & articles of wood (17.92%)
117
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Common Market of the South-Chile Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Argentina (15.94%) Brazil (11.61%) Chile (5.98%) Paraguay (8.81%) Uruguay (9.43%) Signature: June 25, 1996 | Entry into Force: Octover 1, 1996
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Argentina Brazil Chile Paraguay Uruguay Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
118
39.33% 31.27% 15.83% 11.44% 10.79% 7.76% 60.82% 51.38% 48.94% 29.14% 21.83% 15.62%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 3.60% Third parties in common to all 0.71% Third parties in common to one or 80.14% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
Argentina Brazil Chile Paraguay Uruguay
4 12 22 2 1
4 19 67 2 1
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Value Requirement Other Requirements
56.51% 32.95% 21.29%
Country Argentina Brazil Chile Paraguay Uruguay
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 87 87 74 27 39
Vehicles (31.31%) Vehicles (30.06%) Copper & articles thereof (32.88%) Mineral fuels and oils (59.68%) Plastics & articles thereof (10.95%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) ARG->CHL BRA->CHL CHL->ARG CHL->BRA CHL->PRY CHL->URY PRY->CHL URY->CHL
48 03 38 85 44 44 27 48
Paper and articles of paper (4.94%) Fish and crustaceans (1.62%) Miscellaneous chemicals (1.41%) Electrical machinery (2.79%) Wood & articles of wood (3.32%) Wood & articles of wood (4.62%) Mineral fuels and oils (4.90%) Paper and articles of paper (2.20%)
119
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Costa Rica (6.36%) Dominican Republic (7.55%) El Salvador (6.19%) Guatemala (5.93%) Honduras (6.08%) Nicaragua (6.04%) United States (4.29%) Signature: August 5, 2004 | Entry into Force: Costa Rica: July 3, 2007; El Salvador: December 17, 2004; United States: June 30, 2005; Guatemala: March 10, 2005; Honduras: March 3, 2005; Dominican Republic: 2006
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2005) (2012) Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua El Salvador United States Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
120
53.72% 53.39% 37.28% 60.20% 73.61% 69.29% 71.12% 59.54% 66.39% 58.54% 88.28% 85.71% 1.97% 2.08% 3.75% 3.97%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 23.58% Third parties in common to all --% Third parties in common to one or 46.53% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Country
Costa Rica Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States
12
36
20
48
15 12 11 11 42
42 40 32 34 918
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
98.93% 28.75% 2.24% 8.76%
Country
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports)
Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua United States
85 61 61 85 62 27
Electrical machinery (19.07%) Knitted apparel (35.10%) Knitted apparel (12.70%) Electrical machinery (17.89%) Woven apparel (23.85%) Mineral fuels and oils (26.22%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CRI->USA GTM->USA HND->USA NIC->USA SLV->USA USA->CRI USA->DOM USA->GTM USA->HND USA->NIC USA->SLV
85 85 10 10 85 85 30 44 61 04 61
Electrical machinery (18.48%) Electrical machinery (4.80%) Cereals (3.96%) Cereals (5.10%) Electrical machinery (3.88%) Electrical machinery (63.09%) Pharmaceutical products (1.03%) Wood & articles of wood (0.26%) Knitted apparel (3.80%) Dairy produce, eggs and honey (0.52%) Knitted apparel (9.42%)
121
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Mexico - Bolivia Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Bolivia (10.63%) Mexico (6.05%) Signature: September 10, 1994 | Entry into Force: January 1, 1995
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Bolivia Mexico Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
122
0.10% 0.30% 0.03% 0.05% 0.03% 0.06%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 1.81% Third parties in common to both 0.73% Third parties in common to one 68.96%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
99.98% 34.67% 7.92% 6.09%
Country Bolivia Mexico
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 26 87
Ores, slag & ash (56.09%) Vehicles (23.45%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) BOL->MEX MEX->BOL
84 15
Machinery and appliances (7.89%) Animal or veg. fats & oils (8.47%)
123
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Mexico-European Union Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) European Union (4.95%) Mexico (6.05%) Signature: December 8, 2000 | Entry into Force: July 1, 2001
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2000) (2012) Mexico European Union Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
124
3.47% 5.92% 1.68% 1.58% 2.00% 2.29%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 31.36% Third parties in common to all 0.68% Third parties in common to one or 40.49% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Country European Union Mexico
18
54
2
42
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Not yet available
Country Mexico
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 27
Mineral fuels and oils (30.73%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) EUE->MEX MEX->EUE
85 27
Electrical machinery (16.56%) Mineral fuels and oils (7.83%)
125
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
North American Free Trade Agreement Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Canada (2.73%) Mexico (6.05%) United States (4.29%) Signature: December 17, 1992 | Entry into Force: January 1, 1994
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (1995) (2012) Mexico United States Canada Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
126
85.93% 80.55% 29.67% 30.99% N.A. 75.36% 36.42% 48.28%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 27.56% Third parties in common to all 0.73% Third parties in common to one or 43.85% more
Country
Canada Mexico United States
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines 7 33
8 53
18
166
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements Wholly Obtained
99.61% 39.25% 4.41% 6.75% 0.02%
Country Canada Mexico United States
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 27 85 87
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bitumi... (33.33%) Electrical machinery (21.89%) Vehicles (15.36%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CAN->MEX MEX->CAN MEX->USA USA->MEX
85 12 27 85
Electrical machinery (19.91%) Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits (9.16%) Mineral fuels and oils (12.09%) Electrical machinery (10.22%)
127
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Panama-Chile Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Chile (5.98%) Panama (7.84%) Signature: June 27, 2006 | Entry into Force: March 27, 2008
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
% of Tariff Lines
128
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2007) (2012)
Tariff Liberalization
Chile Panama
0.27% 0.14%
0.23% 0.88%
Total
0.27%
0.24%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.33% Third parties in common to both 26.46% Third parties in common to one 57.14%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines
None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
99.92% 5.39% 1.15% 5.64%
Country Chile Panama
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 27 22
Mineral fuels and oils (19.90%) Beverages, spirits and vinegar (83.69%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->PAN PAN->CHL
85 19
Electrical machinery (2.53%) Preparations of cereals (5.51%)
129
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Panama-Singapur Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Panama (7.84%) Singapore (0.00%) Signature: | Entry into Force: July 24, 2006
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2005) (2012) Panama Singapore Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
130
0.01% 0.01% 0.03% 0.96% 0.03% 0.96%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.35% Third parties in common to both 23.83% Third parties in common to one 27.24%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Not yet available
Country Panama Singapore
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 44 29
Wood & articles of wood (90.91%) Organic chemicals (98.83%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) PAN->SGP SGP->PAN
85 85
Electrical machinery (28.81%) Electrical machinery (3.56%)
131
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
USA-Peru Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Peru (3.17%) United States (4.29%) Signature: April 12, 2006 | Entry into Force: February 1, 2009
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2008) (2012) Peru United States Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
132
18.52% 13.31% 0.49% 0.61% 0.96% 1.02%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 23.53% Third parties in common to both 5.05% Third parties in common to one 55.25%
Tariff Rate Quotas Number of Total Tariff TRQ Lines
Country
Peru United States
12
47
4
129
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
98.94% 24.42% 2.8% 7.77%
Country
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports)
Peru United States
71 27
Precious metals and stones (27.00%) Mineral fuels and oils (27.64%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) PER->USA USA->PER
85 20
Electrical machinery (1.58%) Preparations of vegetables (1.71%)
133
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Peru-Canada Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Canada (2.73%) Peru (3.17%) Signature: May 29, 2008 | Entry into Force: Peru: not yet into force; Canada: August 1. 2009
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2008) (2012) Peru Canada Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
134
6.23% 7.54% 0.08% 0.12% 0.50% 0.84%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 2.66% Third parties in common to both 24.09% Third parties in common to one 54.49%
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines Canada Peru
1 4
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Not yet available
13 28
Country Canada Peru
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 10 71
Cereals (35.20%) Precious metals and stones (78.95%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CAN->PER PER->CAN
17 02
Sugars and sugar confectionary (0.00%) Meat and edible meat offal (0.02%)
135
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) Partners in the Agreement (Average MFN Tariff) Brunei Darussalam (2.52%) Chile (5.98%) New Zealand (2.13%) Singapore (0.00%) Signature: July 18, 2005 | Entry into Force: May 1, 2006
Intra Agreement Trade Total Exports (in US$ Billions)
Exports to Agreement Members as % of Total Exports (2005) (2012) Chile New Zealand Singapore Total
% of Tariff Lines
Tariff Liberalization
136
0.26% 0.13% 1.54% 1.97% 0.75% 0.97% 0.74% 0.91%
% of Trade (2012 Imports)
Agreement Profiles
Overlapping Agreements in the Spaghetti Bowl Share of World GDP Agreement Partners 0.84% Third parties in common to all 2.09% Third parties in common to one or 84.82% more
Tariff Rate Quotas Country Number of TRQ Total Tariff Lines None
Rules of Origin Qualification Criteria Percentage of Criteria Subheadings
Change of Tariff Classification Exception to the Tariff Change Value Requirement Other Requirements
100% 6.11% 16.37% 5.57%
Country Chile New Zealand Singapore
Principal Products Traded Intra-Agreement (2012) Chapter Description (% of Total Intra-Agreement Exports) 16 27 27
Preparations of meat or fish (18.65%) Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bitumi... (10.54%) Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bitumi... (33.65%)
Top Excluded Chapter (2012) Rep.->Partner Chapter Description (% of Total Imports) CHL->NZL CHL->SGP NZL->BRN NZL->CHL NZL->SGP SGP->BRN SGP->CHL SGP->NZL
85 85 65 38 85 73 03 85
Electrical machinery (2.03%) Electrical machinery (9.32%) Headgear (0.01%) Miscellaneous chemicals (3.46%) Electrical machinery (3.17%) Articles of iron or steel (0.12%) Fish and crustaceans (1.84%) Electrical machinery (0.73%)
137
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
4
Overview Figures Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product (Growth rates at constant prices, percentage, 2000–2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on data from IMF-IFS. Note: Average of national growth rates weighted by GDP in US dollars at purchasing power parity. 2013 values are estimated. Figure 2: World Trade Flows at Constant Prices (Quarterly moving average of seasonally-adjusted indices, 2005=100, January 2007-June 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. Note: Growth calculated on the average of imports and exports, except for LAC, where these are presented separately. Figure 3: Monthly USA, EU, and Chinese Imports (Three-month moving average of year-on-year growth rates, percentage, January 2001-July 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on IMF, USITC, EuroStat, and national data. Chinese imports from LAC estimated based on data for 20 LAC countries selected by the IMF, and for April-June 2013 are based on INT estimation based on national data. Figure 4: LAC Export Price Index (2005=100, January 2007-June 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. 139
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 5: Growth of South-South Trade (Percentage of total world trade, 1995–2018) Starting from bilateral exports dataEXijt, which denotes exports of country i to country j at year t, where t ∈ [1995 2011], we aggregate bilateral exports as following, exports of South to country j at year t: EXSjt = ΣiEXijt for all country that is defined as South; exports of North to country j at year t: EXNjt = ΣiEXijt for all country i that is defined as North. Ex Then we calculate g djt , the growth rate of EXdjt, where d = {S, N}.
The empirical model we adopt is the following, Ex g djt = β0 + β1 ∗ g GDP + β2 ∗DSS + β3 ∗DSS ∗ g GDP + β4 ∗DNN + β5 ∗DNN ∗ g GDP + β6 ∗DNS + β7 ∗DNS ∗ g GDP +∈ijt jt jt jt jt
where g GDP denotes the growth rate of GDP of country j at year t; jt DSS is a dummy variable that is equal to 1 if region i is South and country j is a South country; DNN is a dummy variable that is equal to 1 if region i is North and country j is a North country; DNS is a dummy variable that is equal to 1 if region i is North and country j is a South country. Dummy variables for each year are also included in the regression. After estimating the above model using data from 1995 to 2011, we forecast g ijtEx from year 2012 to 2018 using IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) predicted value of g ijGDP . Based on the forecasted exports growth rate, we calculate the export level EXijt recursively for each year between 2012 and 2018. Last, we aggregate EXijt to EXSSt, EXSNt, EXNSt, and EXNNt. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data and IMF WEO (for GDP growth figures). Note: Trade values between 2012 and 2018 are forecasts. Figure 6: Share of South-South Trade in Total South Exports (Percentage of total exports, 1995–2012) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Figure 7: Share of South Partners in Each Region’s Total Exports (Percentage, by South region, 1995–2012) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Figure 8: Share of South-South Exports in Total Exports (Percentage, for selected LAC countries, 2012) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
140
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Figure 9: Sector Composition of South-South and South-North Exports (Percent of total exports, 1995–2011) Sector is defined according to UNCTAD classification based on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Figure 10: LAC South-South Exports Composition by Sector (By sub-region, 2011) Sector is defined according to UNCTAD classification based on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Figure 11: Destinations of South-South Exports (Percentage, 1995–2011) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Figure 12: Trade Complementary Index of South-South Trade (Index, 100=perfect complementarity, 1995–2011) Trade complementarity index is based on the methodology in Michaely (1996). It is a measure of the potential trade between two partners by comparing the export portfolio of country j to the import portfolio of country i, m − x ri rj R TCIij = 100 ∗ 1 − ∑ r =1 2 where mri is the share of goods r in global imports of country i, xrj is the share of goods r in global exports of country j. The index is zero when no goods are exported by one country or imported by the other and 100 when the export and import shares exactly match. The index is calculated on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Calculated based on SITC Rev.3 3-digit products, Michaely (1996) TCI definition.
141
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Figure 13: Concentration of LAC South-South and South-North Trade (Hirschman-Herfindahl Index, LAC with selected partners, 1996–2011) The Herfindahl Index is the simplest measure of export diversification. It is calculated as
( )
h j = ∑ r =1 Srj R
2
where Srj is the share of goods r in country j’s exports, and R is the number of products exported or imported. By construction, hj ranges from 1/R to one. Following the UNCTAD’s methodology, the index can be normalized to range from zero to one, in which case it is referred to as the normalized Herfindahl Index:
nh j =
hj − 1 /R 1 − 1 /R
The normalized Herfindahl Index of each country is calculated on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Trade-weighted average of individual country index values. Figure 14: Sources of Growth in LAC Exports - Extensive and Intensive Margins (Percentage of export growth, 1995–2010) In this analysis, we focus on IDB26 LAC countries. The trade data we use for this calculation is HS 6-digit bilateral export data. We can decompose exports into the extensive and the intensive margins. The change in aggregate exports between periods t – 1 and t, ∆EX can be decomposed into two extensive margins and one intensive margin. ∆Ext = ∑ j∈N Ex j ,t − ∑ j∈D Ex j ,t −1 + ∑ j∈I ∆Ex j ,t where j indexes HS6digit-exporter-importer trade relationships, N is the set of HS6digit-exporterimporter trade relationships newly added at period t, and I is the set of HS6digit-exporter-importer trade relationships dropped at period , and is the set of HS6digit-exporter-importer trade relationships kept from period t–1 to t. The extensive margin is constituted by the first two terms and the intensive margin is represented by the third term. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
142
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Figure 15: LAC Intra-Industry Trade (Grubel-Lloyd Index, by partner region, 2001–2011 average) Intra-industry trade index measures the degree to which countries import and export products of the same industry. The formula follows the standard Grubel and Lloyd Index (1975): ij r
GL _ IIT = 1 −
x rij − Mrij x rij + Mrij
where GL _ IITrij is the index of goods country-piar i − j , x rij , is i’s exports to j of goods r, and Mrij is ’s imports from j of goods r. Then we aggregate the index to country-pair level using trade share of each industry as weights. Last, we aggregate the index from country-pair level to region level using trade share of each country-pair as weights. The index is calculated on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Note: Calculated using SITC Rev.3 3dig trade data, Grubel and Lloyd (1975). Figure 16: Sector Decomposition of LAC South-South Exports (Intra-LAC vs. LAC-Asia, 1995–2011) Sector is defined according to UNCTAD classification based on SITC Rev. 3 classification at 3-digit group level. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data.
143
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Figure 17: South-South, South-North and North-North Trade Costs (Ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 2000–2009) The World Bank International Trade Costs dataset provides estimates of bilateral trade costs between 178 countries for the 1990–2010 period. Limiting to countries that have data of trade costs for the 2000–2009 period gives us 40 countries belong to the North and 84 countries to the South. Arvis et al. (2013) obtain the “top down” estimates of trade costs by inferring them from the observed pattern of production and trade across countries. They include a wide range of both developing and developed countries (178) for the 1990–2010 period in the estimation. The bilateral trade costs converted to an ad valorem equivalent is calculated by: τ τ tij = t ji = ij ji τ τ ii jj
1
x x 2 − 1 = ii jj x x ij ji
1
2(σ −1) −1 ,
where X represents trade between two countries (i to j or j to i) or within countries (goods produced and sold in i and goods produced and sold in j. σ is the elasticity of substitution and t represents “iceberg” trade costs. The measure of trade cost tij represents the geometric average of international trade costs between countries i and j relative to domestic trade costs within each country. Intuitively, trade costs are higher when countries tend to trade more with themselves than with each other. It is an all-inclusive measure in the sense that it uses theory to infer trade costs from the observed pattern of trade and production across countries. It includes both observable and unobservable factors. Tariffs and traditional non-tariff measures are only one component of the overall measure. It also includes transport costs, behindthe border barriers, and costs linked to the performance of trade logistics and facilitation services. The regression analyses in Arvis et al. (2013) show that the observable trade cost proxies only account for around 50% to 60% of the observed variation in trade costs. The rest is due to unobservable factors. The magnitude of trade costs is not unique of this dataset. Indeed, Anderson and Van Wincoop (2004) estimate that the representative level of trade costs of a typical developed country is 170%, which consists of 21% transportation costs, 44% border-related trade barriers, and 55% wholesale and retail distribution costs (2.70=1.21*1.44*1.55). Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on WB Trade Cost Dataset. Note: 40 countries of the North; 84 countries of the South. Figure 18: Intra-region and Inter-region Trade Costs (Ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 2000–2009) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on World Bank Trade Cost Dataset. Figure 19: Effective Applied Tariff Including Preferences (Tariff faced, ad valorem equivalent, percentage, 1995–2011) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on TRAINS data. Note: Trade-weighted average of tariff faced by exports.
144
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Figure 20: Maturity of Tariff Phase-out Schedules in FTAs of the Americas (Average percentage of tariff lines duty free, 2010–2025) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade. Figure 21: Protectionist Measures Affecting LAC Exports (Number of measures implemented, November 2008-May 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert. Figure 22: Origin of Measures Affecting LAC Regions (Percent of measures by implementing region) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert. Figure 23: New and Accumulated Protectionist Measures in LAC (Number of measures, November 2008-May 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert. Figure 24: LAC Share of Protectionist and Liberalizing Measures (Percentage of total world measures, November 2008-May 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert. Figure 25: Types of Measures Implemented by LAC Countries (Number and percentage world total, November 2008-May 2013) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on Global Trade Alert.
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Figure 26: FDI Inflows in South Countries (Percent of total, 1990–2011) As in Aykut and Ratha (2003), we calculate South-South FDI flows using the following equation,
F33 = I 3 − F13 − F23
,
where F33 represents total FDI inflows from South country group to South country group; I3 denotes total FDI inflows to South country group from the whole world; F13 is total FDI inflows from high-income OECD countries to South country group; and F23 is total FDI inflows from high-income non-OECD countries to South country group. The World Development Indicators (WDI) database of the World Bank provides total FDI inflows for each developing country, but it does not identify the source countries. The OECD’s International Direct Investment database provides FDI outflows from OECD member countries to the South country group (F13). FDI inflows from high-income non-OECD countries (F23) are not readily available. They are approximated using the difference between total outflows of high-income non-OECD countries reported in the UNCTAD Statistics, and total inflows to high-income OECD from high-income non-OECD countries reported in the OECD database. The South country group includes 31 developing countries for which reasonably detailed FDI data are available. These countries account for almost 90% of the total flows to developing countries. The North country group comprises 22 high-income OECD member countries. The high-income non-OECD group comprises the 30 high-income economies that are not members of the OECD. This methodology can only measure the South-South FDI flows very roughly. It may suffer from several accuracy issues. For the detailed discussion of these problems, please refer to Aykut and Ratha (2003). Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on UNCTAD, WDI, and OECD FDI statistics. Figure 27: Share of Parts and Components in LAC Exports (Percentage of total exports, by destination, 1995–2011) Share of parts and components in exports provides a general idea of a country’s participation in international production sharing. Specially, it measures the parts and components exports (with any partner country) as a percentage of the country’s total exports. It can show whether the country has a comparative advantage in the production of components. Trade in parts and components implies that the production of a product is finished in different countries and thus can be adopted to gauge the magnitude of international production sharing. The crucial step in defining this indicator is to identify which goods belong to parts and components. For this purpose, we borrowed the list of parts and components from the academic literature and made an extra effort to make it more complete. We combined the list of parts and components from Ng and Yeats (2001), Kimura et al. (2007), and Fung et al. (2009). We also included goods that are obvious parts and components but were missed by the three studies, goods that are processed materials, and goods that can be used as both final products and parts and components. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL.
146
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Tables Table 1: Merchandise Trade by Country and Sub-region (Billions of US dollars and percentage change, 2010–2012) Data of Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Guatemala include special trade regime. Data of Honduras and Nicaragua exclude special trade regime. Data of Panama only include domestic exports and imports. Export series of Paraguay are reviewed by the Paraguay Central Bank. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL. Note: Positive values for the growth rate of the trade balance indicate an improvement of the trade balance (smaller deficit or larger surplus), while negative values indicate deterioration (a smaller surplus or larger deficit). This is equivalent to using the absolute value of the initial value in a standard growth rate calculation. Table 2: LAC Exports to South and North (Millions of US dollars and growth rates, 2000–2012) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/DataINTAL. Note: Due to lack of data availability, Dominican Republic 2005 refers to 2006 data and Bahamas and Barbados 2012 refer to 2011 data. Bahamas, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela data are estimated based on UN COMTRADE data. Caribbean total does not include Trinidad and Tobago. South vs. North Excess Growth is the difference in average growth rates to the two groups of destination countries. Table 3: Free Trade Agreements Recently in Force, Signed, or Under Negotiation (January 2011-present) Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on INTrade/IJI.
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Boxes Box 1: Real Effective Exchange Rates and South-South Trade (Index 2005=100, LAC and Asia, 1995–2012) The Real Effective Exchange Rate is defined as,
REERti = Σ j αjBRERtij , where aj is the share of trade with country in country i’s total trade (average of the recently four years). BRERtij is the bilateral real exchange rate between country i and country j,
BRERtij =
E ti / Pti E tj / Pt j
where E ti is the nominal exchange rate, which is denoted as country i’s currency per unit of US dollar, and Pti is the consumer price index of country i. By this definition, the increase of the index of REERti indicates the depreciation of the currency of country i, and the decrease indicates the appreciation of the currency of country i. The index of year 2005 for i each country, REER2005 , is normalized to 100. Using GDP as weights, we aggregate the REERti to regional level. The nominal exchange rate and the consumer price index are from IMF IFS. The GDP data are from World Bank WDI. The trade data are from COMMTRADE. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE and IMF data. Note: GDP-weighted average of national REER. A decrease denotes appreciation. Box 2: Manufactures in South-South Trade Based on 2011 Export Data for SITC Rev. 3 2-Digit categories in sections 6–8. Source: IDB Integration and Trade Sector based on COMTRADE data. Box 3: Shouang Hierro Peru Data in Box 3 drawn from http://www.shougang.com.pe and Las Mejores Empresas de América Latina. Latin Trade, 11/23/2011. http://es.latintrade.com/2011/11/las-mejores-empresas-de-america-latina/.
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Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Country Profiles GDP and population figures are from World Bank World Development Indicators and IMF International Financial Statistics. MFN Tariff data are from INTrade. Destination of exports/source of imports is based on 2012 figures from INTrade/DataINTAL. Trade with unidentified partners included in “Rest of the World.” Exports to FTA partners include total exports to countries with which the reporting country has an FTA in force. FTAs are defined as trade agreements that fully eliminate tariffs on 80 percent or more of Harmonized System subheadings. Changes over time reflect both the growth of exports to preferential FTA partners and the entry into force of FTAs with new partners. Partner countries with FTAs in force defined as of September 1, 2013. Preferential trade agreements based on INTrade. Share of total Exports (X) and Imports (M) are total flows, not necessarily trade flows benefiting from preferences.
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Agreement Profiles Trade agreement data from INTrade. GDP and population figures are from World Bank World Development Indicators and IMF International Financial Statistics. MFN tariff data are from INTrade. Intra-agreement trade flows based on figures from INTrade/DataINTAL. Percent of tariff lines duty free calculations are based on INTrade. Percent of trade duty free calculations are based on the structure of trade in 2009. Where agreement tariff elimination schedules were negotiated in a nomenclature different from the 2009 trade figures, the year in which trade in a given subheading is considered duty free is the maximum of the duty-free years of all of the tariff lines from the agreement annex that correlate to that subheading. Thus, the methodology gives a conservative estimate of when the tariffs on that trade will be eliminated. Overlapping trade agreements. The map indicates which additional countries are covered by FTAs with one or more of the members of the FTA in question. Members of the agreement in question are colored light blue; countries that have FTAs with any, but not all, of the FTA members are colored dark blue; and countries that also have FTAs with all members of the FTA in question are colored medium blue. Tariff rate quotas and rules of origin qualification criteria based on INTrade. Percentages of origin qualification criteria do not add up to 100 percent because the rule for a given product may apply more than one criterion simultaneously. Where the rules offer more than one alternative method for demonstrating origin, the criteria of the first alternative is used. Principal products traded intra-agreement. The Harmonized System (HS) chapter with the greatest amount of intraregional exports is identified. Top excluded chapter. The HS chapter with the greatest amount of trade in products excluded from tariff liberalization (or phased out after 2020) is identified. The value in parenthesis is the value of trade in excluded products (not the entire HS chapter). Notes: Some trade data for the Bahamas, Belize, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as data for countries outside the Western hemisphere, have been obtained from UN COMTRADE and the IMF Direction of Trade Statistics. Use of the phrase “Taipei China,” or of the ISO country code “TWN”, does not in any way reflect a position by the Bank or any of its member countries regarding issues of national sovereignty or diplomatic recognition.
150
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Annex: Country Tables The following section contains statistical tables for all IDB borrowing members for which data are available. These include: Table 1: Geographic Profile of Exports 2003–2012 In thousands of US dollars, and as percentage share of world exports. Source: INTrade. Table 2: Sectoral Profile of Exports 2003–2012 In thousands of US dollars, and as percentage share of total. Sectors as defined in the UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics based on SITC Rev. 3 3-digit Groups as follows: • Food (0 + 1 + 22 + 4) • Agricultural raw materials (2–22–27–28) • Metals (27 + 28 + 68 + 667 + 971) • Fuels (3) • Manufactures (5 + 6 + 7 + 8–667–68) • Other (9–971) Source: INTrade. Table 3: Top 10 Exported Products Average 2009–2012. In thousands of US dollars, and as percentage share of total exports. Products defined as 2-digit Chapters of the Harmonized System. Source: INTrade. Table 4: Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World 2003–2012. In thousands of US dollars, and as percentage share of total exports. Categories are based upon SITC Rev. 2 3-digit Groups, and follow Sanjaya Lall (2000), Export Performance, Technological Upgrading and FDI Strategies in Asian NIEs: with special reference to Singapore. Source: INTrade.
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Table 5: Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) 2010. Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. RCA measures the relative advantage of a given country in the production of a given good. This index can vary from 0 to infinity, with values greater than one reflecting a comparative advantage, and values less than one reflecting a comparative disadvantage. The RCA of country product is defined as:
RCA ( xik ) =
xik / Σk xik , Wk /W
where Xik are the exports of country i to the world in product k; and (Wk/W) is the share of product k in world trade, for all products corresponding to each SITC Division. Based on 2-digit SITC Chapters. Source: INTrade. Table 6: Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) 2012. Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. This indicator measures the degree to which countries import and export products of the same industry. The formula follows the standard Grubel and Lloyd Index (1975): x j − Mj IIT = 1 − x j + Mj
,
where Mj and Xj are imports and exports in product j respectively. Based on the 2-digit SITC Chapters for IIT with the world. Source: INTrade.
152
Data Sources and Methodological Notes
Table 7: Trade Complementarity Index 2003–2011. This indicator measures the compatibility of the product composition of exports in one country, with the product composition of imports in another country: W Cij = ∑ k (RCAik ) x RCDjk xW k , W where RCAik is the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA: see notes for Table 5) index of country i in product k. RCDjk is the Revealed Comparative Disadvantage (RCD) of country j in product k:
(
( )
RCD Mijk =
)
Mijk / ΣkMijk Wk /W
.
Source: INTrade. Table 8: MFN Tariff Profile 2013. This indicator shows a profile with descriptive statistics of the MFN tariffs of the selected country, by section of the Harmonized System. Source: INTrade.
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Annex
Publication Detail - Inter-American Development... http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication...
Annex: Country Tables The Country Tables are an annex to this report, available at http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=70763 http://kaywa.me/3mHoD
The following section contains statistical tables for all IDB borrowing members for which data are available. These include:
Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
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The table provides total exports disaggregated by technological content in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2003–2012
Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports The table provides exports to ten destinations in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2003–2012, with the change in distribution and average annual growth rate over the past decade.
Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports The table provides total exports disaggregated by UNCTAD sector in thousands of dollars and in percent for the period 2003–2012, with the change in distribution and average annual growth rate over the past decade.
Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) The Table ranks 2-digit SITC (Revision 2) products in descending order of revealed comparative advantage of the country’s exports. RCA values above one indicate a comparative advantage in the production and export of the product relative to the world average. RCA values below one indicate a relative lack of comparative advantage.
Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products The table identifies the ten principal products exported at the HS 2-digit (Chapter) level.
The table ranks 2-digit SITC (Revision 2) products in descending order of intra-industry trade with the world. IIT takes values between zero and one, with zero indicating that the product is either imported or exported, but not both. An IIT value of one implies equal values for imports and exports of the product.
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156
Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index
Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile
The Trade Complementarity index measures the propensity of the partner country to import what the reporting country exports. The index can take values from zero to infinity. Values above one imply a relative complementarity between the exports of the reporting country and the imports of the partner country.
The profile provides a series of statistics for the applied MFN tariffs of the country, including minimum, maximum, types, and variability of MFN tariffs, at the HS Section level.
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 39 1 10 20 8 1 1 4 16
29,564,707 11,445,971 216,394 3,023,729 5,830,676 2,478,414 344,007 434,129 1,108,213 4,683,174
2003
Argentina - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 40 1 11 17 8 1 1 3 18
34,573,854 13,892,919 176,555 3,722,544 5,991,449 2,627,850 362,821 318,677 1,209,134 6,271,905
2004
2005 40 1 11 17 8 1 1 4 18
40,384,893 16,114,367 303,123 4,492,999 6,705,324 3,192,639 304,164 368,800 1,621,053 7,282,424
2005
2006 42 1 9 17 7 1 1 4 19
46,544,311 19,482,565 437,416 4,025,237 7,786,933 3,475,844 397,983 428,606 1,671,919 8,837,808
2006
2007 40 1 7 17 9 1 1 4 19
55,778,392 22,431,404 347,437 4,151,313 9,345,483 5,166,596 666,233 674,958 2,125,860 10,869,108
2007
2008 39 1 7 18 9 1 1 3 21
70,018,744 27,471,889 470,159 5,209,723 12,472,918 6,390,186 505,051 547,299 2,205,621 14,745,898
2008
2009 42 1 6 18 7 1 1 5 20
55,667,474 23,479,744 465,975 3,465,042 9,782,522 3,668,277 494,172 607,247 2,686,427 11,018,068
2009
2010 42 2 5 16 9 1 1 5 20
68,132,647 28,413,435 1,402,286 3,531,764 10,737,676 5,798,766 854,712 779,581 3,250,708 13,363,719
2010
2011 41 3 5 16 7 1 1 5 20
83,948,848 34,022,988 2,391,376 4,250,189 13,639,548 6,237,825 834,824 960,379 4,423,594 17,188,125
2011
2012 43 3 5 14 6 1 2 6 20
78,407,778 33,677,343 2,126,749 3,914,548 10,784,454 4,998,088 1,171,712 1,354,851 4,342,691 16,037,342
2012
Change % 03-12 4 2 -5 -6 -2 0 0 2 5
11.4 12.7 28.9 2.9 7.1 8.1 14.6 13.5 16.4 14.7
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
157
158
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 50 2 3 17 27 1
29,564,707 14,678,810 454,087 1,011,042 5,114,455 7,980,575 325,738
2003
Argentina - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 48 2 4 17 29 1
34,573,854 16,570,007 560,494 1,253,206 5,841,528 9,933,756 414,863
2004
2005 46 1 4 16 30 2
40,384,893 18,648,524 546,498 1,668,518 6,581,092 12,292,305 647,956
2005
2006 45 1 5 15 32 2
46,544,311 20,758,425 592,677 2,513,878 7,104,496 14,786,022 788,813
2006
2007 50 1 5 11 31 2
55,778,392 28,114,939 690,913 2,692,596 6,094,643 17,265,305 919,996
2007
2008 53 1 4 10 31 2
70,018,744 36,818,388 683,298 2,826,716 6,716,809 21,590,659 1,382,874
2008
2009 50 1 6 10 32 2
55,667,474 27,583,859 590,928 3,175,834 5,655,838 17,788,441 872,574
2009
2010 50 1 7 8 32 2
68,132,647 33,832,175 811,284 4,928,395 5,386,261 21,933,779 1,240,753
2010
2011 53 1 7 6 31 2
83,948,848 44,225,389 1,036,825 5,553,470 4,955,773 26,417,858 1,759,533
2011
2012 53 1 7 6 31 2
78,407,778 41,311,318 736,000 5,348,320 4,819,339 24,483,739 1,709,062
2012
Change % 03-12 3 -1 3 -11 4 1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 11.4 12.2 5.5 20.3 -0.7 13.3 20.2
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Argentina - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
23 87 10 15 27 12 38 71 2 26
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Residues from food industries Vehicles Cereals Animal or veg. fats & oils Mineral fuels and oils Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Miscellaneous chemicals Precious metals and stones Meat and edible meat offal Ores, slag & ash Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 71,539,187 100.0 9,755,603 13.6 8,199,294 11.5 6,423,790 9.0 5,648,125 7.9 5,204,509 7.3 4,273,144 6.0 2,210,277 3.1 2,180,047 3.0 1,861,934 2.6 1,747,398 2.4 47,504,120 66.4
Source: INTradeBID.
159
160
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 48 26 7 14 2 2
2003 29,564,707 14,299,040 7,790,677 2,146,225 4,127,571 667,550 533,644 2004 100 47 26 7 16 2 2
2004 34,573,854 16,120,859 9,122,246 2,510,623 5,449,034 683,177 687,915 2005 100 46 26 7 18 2 2
2005 40,384,893 18,395,230 10,311,331 2,643,185 7,244,269 810,063 980,815
Argentina - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 43 26 6 19 2 4
2006 46,544,311 19,967,367 11,980,835 2,767,197 9,057,040 1,140,612 1,631,260 2007 100 43 26 5 20 2 3
2007 55,778,392 24,055,915 14,625,102 3,021,336 11,116,308 1,276,798 1,682,933 2008 100 43 25 4 21 3 3
2008 70,018,744 30,426,320 17,663,008 3,137,701 14,447,825 1,938,341 2,405,549 2009 100 45 22 4 21 3 4
2009 55,667,474 24,826,845 12,456,586 2,375,543 11,846,565 1,772,878 2,389,057 2010 100 45 21 4 22 3 5
2010 68,132,647 30,788,975 14,006,718 3,015,336 15,101,686 1,801,562 3,418,370
2011 100 46 20 4 22 3 5
2011 83,948,848 38,254,045 17,172,095 3,181,295 18,867,440 2,200,282 4,273,691
2012 100 46 20 4 23 2 5
2012 78,407,778 35,960,411 15,941,629 2,944,888 17,712,676 1,729,685 4,118,489
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Argentina - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Argentina - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
29.93
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.93744
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
16.43
67
Iron and steel
0.93141
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
14.09
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.92494
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
10.73
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.91155
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
7.28
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.87934 0.87066
2
Description
Description
IIT
Dairy products and birds' eggs
3.43
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
5
Vegetables and fruit
3.32
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.86491
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
3.07
41
Animal oils and fats
0.86218
1
Meat and meat preparations
2.99
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.85545
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
2.84
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.84542
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
2.51
79
Other transport equipment
0.82834
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
2.3
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.80072
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
2.12
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.77461
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
1.96
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.75446
11
Beverages
1.95
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.75373
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
1.77
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.69868
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
1.66
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.66887
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
1.5
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.62231
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
1.32
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.61932
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.94
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.59815
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.72
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.7
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.57094
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.65
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.55577
67
Iron and steel
0.64
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.47813
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.64
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.47381
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.63
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.44575
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.61
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.43633
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.57
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.42151
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.54
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.41846
41
Animal oils and fats
0.54
24
Cork and wood
0.40311
79
Other transport equipment
0.5
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.39124
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.5
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.37716
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.48
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.37318
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.45
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.36384
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.44
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.36244
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.41
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.34803
35
Electric current
0.41
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.34772
0.58
24
Cork and wood
0.4
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.33494
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.38
51
Organic chemicals
0.32173
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.34
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.31729
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.34
35
Electric current
0.30979
51
Organic chemicals
0.28
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.26005
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.28
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.24784
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.25
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.21
43
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.21
77
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.21
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.19222
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.2
73
Metalworking machinery
0.18816
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.19
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.18462
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.18
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.17057
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.15
11
Beverages
0.15823
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.15
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.12913
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.14
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.12566
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.12
85
Footwear
0.11746
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.11
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.09737
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.1
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.03523
73
Metalworking machinery
0.09
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.03228
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.07
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.03121
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.06
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.02728
85
Footwear
0.06
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.01406
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.03
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.01292
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.02
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.00835
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.00554
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.01
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00007
Source: INTradeBID.
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s. Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.22504 0.21444 0.2124
Source: INTradeBID.
161
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Argentina - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
162
2003 1.44 — … 1.27 2.30 2.15 1.48 1.78 1.66 1.34 … 2.06 2.26 2.27 1.48 … 2.20 1.85 1.14 1.81 2.21 1.43 3.07 … 1.48 2.35 2.94 0.67 0.87 1.05 1.56 1.20 1.31 1.01
2004 1.55 — 1.53 1.40 1.40 1.89 1.29 1.82 2.51 1.58 … 2.31 2.41 2.35 1.53 … 2.19 2.14 1.16 1.75 2.28 1.53 3.17 … 1.44 1.94 2.48 0.72 0.88 1.06 1.52 1.22 1.26 1.02
2005 1.41 — 1.39 1.56 2.38 1.80 1.14 1.67 2.19 1.46 … 2.09 2.30 2.21 1.87 … 2.37 2.05 1.20 1.82 2.09 1.46 2.74 … 1.40 1.82 1.75 0.72 0.91 1.07 1.43 1.19 1.19 0.99
2006 1.39 — … 1.50 2.33 1.65 1.19 1.86 2.13 1.27 2.03 2.13 2.25 2.14 1.87 … 2.24 1.81 1.14 1.86 1.90 1.17 2.56 … 1.28 1.73 1.79 0.75 0.98 1.09 1.37 0.98 1.11 0.97
2007 1.48 — … 1.66 2.34 2.10 1.11 1.87 2.32 1.59 2.19 2.40 2.33 2.30 1.68 … 2.06 1.78 1.26 2.16 1.95 1.28 2.63 … 1.19 1.70 1.79 0.70 0.98 1.09 1.33 1.13 1.06 0.98
2008 1.50 — … 1.78 2.00 1.74 0.94 1.69 2.54 1.56 2.13 2.17 2.38 2.39 1.82 … 2.04 1.64 1.36 2.08 1.84 1.29 2.40 … 1.21 1.68 2.24 0.68 0.98 1.10 1.25 1.18 1.05 0.99
2009 1.34 — … 1.39 2.01 1.54 0.97 1.62 2.10 1.33 1.78 2.18 2.19 2.00 1.50 … 2.14 1.85 1.10 1.91 1.68 1.09 2.26 … 1.34 1.72 1.98 0.73 1.09 1.12 1.24 0.94 1.06 1.06
2010 1.26 — … 1.74 1.73 1.41 0.87 1.62 2.26 1.46 1.92 2.01 2.08 2.08 1.46 … 2.10 1.76 1.14 1.97 1.69 1.06 2.27 … 1.34 1.62 … 0.72 1.12 1.03 1.22 1.14 1.00 0.93
2011 1.21 — … 1.28 1.89 1.24 0.79 1.50 1.93 1.27 1.80 1.80 2.01 1.91 1.33 … 1.90 1.56 1.13 1.87 1.45 0.11 2.04 1.49 0.00 1.64 1.99 0.66 0.95 0.95 1.00 0.90 0.88 0.92
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
28
1,221
44
1,063
670
3,532
2,764
104
535
822
7,805
675
555
356
1,951
5,708
347
865
156
897
1,323
Total Tariff Lines
Argentina - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
28
1,221
44
1,063
670
3,532
2,764
104
535
822
7,805
675
555
356
1,951
5,708
347
865
156
897
1,323
3
19
20
15
19
13
14
12
12
29
27
12
8
14
15
7
2
15
11
8
10
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
4
20
20
20
35
26
25
18
20
35
35
16
14
35
18
18
6
35
32
31
28
Maximum Tariff
24
703
44
215
157
3
38
47
41
530
1,783
307
26
21
315
71
5
2
11
1
44
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
Minimum Tariff
4
5
44
114
77
357
27
6
2
20
31
62
1
77
13
250
112
6
2
112
48
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
4
20
20
16
18
14
14
12
12
35
26
14
10
10
16
8
2
16
10
10
10
Median Tariff
4
20
20
14
35
14
14
18
10
35
26
16
10
20
16
2
4
16
10
10
10
Mode
1.43
1.65
0.00
5.91
10.48
5.51
4.16
6.36
4.33
7.77
6.12
5.45
3.70
8.90
4.05
5.25
1.80
3.92
6.00
3.67
4.68
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
163
164 2003 … … … … … … … … …
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
… … … … … … … … … …
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Bahamas - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 1 3 68 28 … 0 … 0 1
240,224 1,495 6,025 163,160 66,393 … 234 … 3 2,914
2004
2005 1 6 61 30 … 0 … … 2
270,847 2,625 16,855 164,587 79,999 … 19 … … 6,762
2005
Bahamas
… … … … … … … … … … … 2006 … … … … … … … … …
2006 … … … … … … … … … … … 2007 … … … … … … … … …
2007 … … … … … … … … … … … 2008 … … … … … … … … …
2008 … … … … … … … … … … … 2009 … … … … … … … … …
2009 … … … … … … … … … … … 2010 … … … … … … … … …
2010 … … … … … … … … … … … 2011 … … … … … … … … …
2011
… … … … … … … … … … … 2012 … … … … … … … … …
2012
Change % 04-05 0 4 -7 2 … 0 … … 1
6.2 32.5 67.3 0.4 9.8 … -71.5 … … 52.3
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 04-05
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2003
Bahamas - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 50 0 9 … 40 …
240,224 120,687 980 21,749 … 96,808 …
2004
2005 35 0 5 … 59 …
270,847 95,148 775 14,860 … 160,064 …
2005
2006 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2006
2007 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2007
2008 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2008
2009 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2009
2010 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2010
2011 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2011
2012 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2012
Change % 04-05 -15 0 -4 … 19 …
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 04-05 6.2 -11.2 -11.1 -17.3 … 28.6 …
Annex: Country Tables
165
166
2003 … … … … … … …
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 … … … … … … …
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 46 13 0 40 … …
2004 240,224 111,227 32,192 570 96,235 … … 2005 100 35 22 0 43 0 …
2005 270,847 94,044 60,211 811 115,686 95 …
Bahamas - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 … … … … … … …
2006 … … … … … … … 2007 … … … … … … …
2007 … … … … … … … 2008 … … … … … … …
2008 … … … … … … … 2009 … … … … … … …
2009 … … … … … … … 2010 … … … … … … …
2010 … … … … … … …
2011 … … … … … … …
2011 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Bahamas - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2004 0.72 0.53 — 1.16 1.16 0.63 0.58 0.51 0.60 0.57 … 0.62 0.83 0.39 0.25 0.00 0.61 0.53 0.77 0.19 0.68 0.64 0.53 … 0.32 1.11 0.96 1.00 0.97 0.99 2.02 1.98 0.69 0.87
2005 0.82 1.02 — 0.62 0.38 0.64 0.99 0.51 0.76 0.62 … 0.52 0.80 0.42 0.21 0.00 0.56 0.47 0.88 0.13 0.50 0.59 0.57 … 0.30 1.21 0.64 1.05 0.93 1.02 1.70 1.94 0.68 0.78
2006 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2007 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2008 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2009 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2010 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2011 … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Source: INTradeBID.
167
168
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
118
20
217
131
769
568
53
143
49
801
144
93
69
211
789
148
193
45
256
228
Total Tariff Lines
Bahamas - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
118
20
217
131
759
568
53
143
49
801
144
93
69
210
787
148
193
45
256
228
10
41
0
32
21
41
44
25
40
35
37
38
30
39
39
40
31
28
12
22
21
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
10
60
0
45
85
60
45
45
45
45
45
60
45
45
53
75
45
60
35
35
40
Maximum Tariff
7
1
20
126
7
12
544
24
119
26
353
2
39
56
2
1
97
2
13
119
7
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
10
10
0
0
0
0
18
0
0
10
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
3
20
30
59
6
1
3
8
1
4
7
15
7
23
49
42
33
28
47
60
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
10
45
0
45
10
45
45
10
45
45
35
45
33
45
45
45
45
30
0
25
35
Median Tariff
10
45
0
45
0
45
45
10
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
40
0
35
35
Mode
0.00
9.32
0.00
17.67
24.60
11.08
3.34
18.25
12.12
10.63
8.27
13.65
15.42
14.32
14.34
12.59
20.27
16.74
15.89
13.94
15.73
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 42 2 13 14 0 0 0 0 28
249,495 105,772 3,918 33,615 36,164 484 121 40 42 69,339
2003
Barbados - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 40 2 15 14 0 0 0 0 30
277,896 110,380 5,246 40,581 38,874 638 49 8 79 82,041
2004
2005 41 2 13 12 0 0 0 0 33
359,060 145,638 6,479 45,864 42,702 857 65 34 585 116,836
2005
2006 36 2 19 10 0 0 0 0 32
440,671 158,619 7,777 85,523 44,633 1,786 243 16 1,396 140,678
2006
2007 61 3 13 12 1 0 0 0 9
313,815 190,907 8,632 42,010 38,464 4,683 25 97 626 28,371
2007
2008 56 2 21 11 0 0 0 1 9
453,911 254,356 10,329 93,675 51,675 1,423 32 461 2,332 39,628
2008
2009 46 3 26 13 1 0 0 0 11
322,438 147,706 10,052 84,787 42,690 1,808 81 16 849 34,449
2009
2010 44 3 24 20 1 0 0 0 8
313,379 138,170 8,074 74,198 62,619 2,462 136 166 1,502 26,052
2010
2011 66 1 13 13 1 0 0 0 5
508,173 335,945 7,541 68,487 65,794 5,254 3 45 1,015 24,089
2011
2012 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-11 24 0 0 -2 1 0 0 0 -23
9.3 15.5 8.5 9.3 7.8 34.7 -37.0 1.5 48.9 -12.4
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-11
Annex: Country Tables
169
170
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2004 28 0 1 6 40 25
277,896 77,652 629 3,140 15,297 112,362 68,816
249,495 67,056 1,145 656 12,274 115,226 53,138 2003 27 0 0 5 46 21
2004
2003
Barbados - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 24 0 1 32 43 1
359,060 85,358 501 2,395 114,055 154,140 2,611
2005
2006 18 1 2 31 48 1
440,671 79,564 2,583 6,638 137,575 212,070 2,241
2006
2007 29 0 2 22 45 1
313,815 91,342 1,063 7,841 68,873 142,181 2,515
2007
2008 24 0 2 25 48 1
453,911 110,292 662 7,685 113,914 218,677 2,681
2008
2009 30 0 1 4 65 1
322,438 95,595 485 3,726 11,403 208,446 2,783
2009
2010 29 0 1 0 69 1
313,379 90,530 1,116 3,080 51 215,387 3,215
2010
2011 18 0 1 40 41 1
508,173 91,566 785 4,009 201,547 206,615 3,651
2011
2012 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-11 -9 0 1 35 -6 -21
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-11 9.3 4.0 -4.6 25.4 41.9 7.6 -28.4
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Barbados - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 30 22 90 25 85 17 15 48 71
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Pharmaceutical products Beverages, spirits and vinegar Precision instruments Salt, earths and stone Electrical machinery Sugars and sugar confectionary Animal or veg. fats & oils Paper and articles of paper Precious metals and stones Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2013 381,330 100.0 72,262 19.0 60,471 15.9 45,354 11.9 15,336 4.0 15,250 4.0 14,042 3.7 12,938 3.4 12,708 3.3 11,433 3.0 11,238 2.9 271,033 71.1
Source: INTradeBID.
171
172
2003 100 9 30 10 18 9 24
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 249,495 21,538 75,600 25,128 45,940 21,438 59,851
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 9 31 9 16 8 27
2004 277,896 26,259 86,452 24,218 44,435 21,107 75,425 2005 100 8 54 11 13 11 3
2005 359,060 28,825 193,496 39,272 46,786 39,159 11,522
Barbados - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 9 48 13 15 12 3
2006 440,671 39,917 210,582 59,427 67,167 50,957 12,621 2007 100 28 33 13 11 11 4
2007 313,815 88,958 102,331 40,470 35,417 34,597 12,042 2008 100 10 47 15 14 11 3
2008 453,911 43,820 212,383 69,725 62,086 51,064 14,833 2009 100 8 33 18 18 19 4
2009 322,438 25,874 106,986 59,291 57,064 59,755 13,468 2010 100 5 31 18 17 24 5
2010 313,379 15,551 98,243 55,413 54,000 74,707 15,465
2011 100 7 54 10 10 16 3
2011 508,173 34,665 275,889 49,828 51,233 79,663 16,895
2012 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Barbados - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Barbados - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
Description
RCA
Code
Description
IIT
11
Beverages
15.2
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.94588
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
6.26
11
Beverages
0.94526
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
5.04
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.94123
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
4.45
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.87745
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
3.58
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.74733
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
2.46
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.68867
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
2.23
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.66369
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
2.17
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.66286
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
2.05
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.66269
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
1.77
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.61979
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
1.6
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.5681
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
1.55
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.55061
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
1.35
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.50092
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
1.24
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.46806
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
1.1
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.45549
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
1.02
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.45385 0.40774
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.91
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.9
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.36604
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.5
41
Animal oils and fats
0.33333
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.47
79
Other transport equipment
0.3259
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.42
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.28791
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.39
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.28595
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.34
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.27536
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.31
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.25931
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.3
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.24924
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.3
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.21664
0.28
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.1983
0.27
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.17893
82 77
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.25
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.15807
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.23
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.13845
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.22
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.11001
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.22
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.10758
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.2
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.10518
85
Footwear
0.16
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.1034
79
Other transport equipment
0.15
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.10335
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.15
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.10251
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.15
85
Footwear
0.09551
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.13
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.09517
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.12
73
Metalworking machinery
0.08856
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.11
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.07902
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.11
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.07555
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.1
51
Organic chemicals
0.06134
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.09
67
Iron and steel
0.06096
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.07
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.05742
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.07
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.05729
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.07
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.05512
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.05
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.05121
67
Iron and steel
0.05
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.04669
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.04
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.03487
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.04
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.03411
24
Cork and wood
0.04
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.03037
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.03
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02943
73
Metalworking machinery
0.03
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.02634
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.02
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.02357
41
Animal oils and fats
0.02
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.02186
51
Organic chemicals
0.01
24
Cork and wood
0.00715
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.01
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.00532
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.00027
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.00019
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0
25
Pulp and waste paper
0
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0
Source: INTradeBID.
Source: INTradeBID.
173
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Barbados - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
174
2003 1.11 0.97 … — 3.64 2.41 0.96 1.77 1.07 1.24 … 1.48 1.59 1.79 3.17 … 1.95 2.71 0.85 2.23 2.01 2.51 1.16 … 1.64 2.38 2.01 0.87 1.08 1.11 0.87 0.50 0.82 0.81
2004 1.11 0.85 2.85 — 2.63 2.54 1.00 1.83 0.99 1.23 … 1.46 1.44 1.57 3.20 … 1.73 2.24 0.84 2.26 1.99 2.02 1.49 … 1.50 2.02 1.80 0.89 1.06 1.13 0.87 0.53 0.79 0.78
2005 1.11 0.78 3.35 — 3.79 2.58 0.95 1.45 0.88 1.50 … 1.59 1.82 2.30 3.76 … 2.69 3.34 0.86 2.34 2.56 2.34 1.35 … 1.40 1.46 0.96 1.00 0.87 1.03 0.83 0.48 0.76 1.12
2006 1.08 0.75 … — 3.53 2.15 0.93 1.47 0.86 1.39 1.20 1.58 1.60 2.10 3.31 … 2.47 2.59 0.92 2.03 2.31 1.82 1.22 … 1.10 1.45 0.86 1.02 0.89 0.99 0.86 0.57 0.77 1.13
2007 0.95 0.62 … — 2.86 2.01 0.94 1.59 0.84 1.11 1.26 1.02 1.28 1.20 1.96 … 1.48 1.77 0.71 2.21 1.42 1.46 1.27 … 1.88 1.63 1.07 1.03 1.12 1.09 1.06 0.61 0.99 0.83
2008 0.97 0.63 … — 2.93 1.61 0.73 1.55 0.84 1.20 1.53 1.17 1.46 1.74 2.72 … 1.99 2.57 0.84 1.93 2.06 1.37 0.96 … 1.01 1.15 1.06 1.02 0.98 1.06 0.81 0.50 0.68 1.02
2009 0.94 0.73 … — 2.79 1.61 0.75 1.43 0.90 1.13 1.28 1.02 1.43 1.35 2.38 … 1.50 1.88 0.77 2.09 1.75 1.26 0.95 … 1.14 1.15 1.36 1.04 1.19 1.15 0.85 0.42 0.66 0.75
2010 0.94 0.82 … — 3.21 1.96 0.85 1.36 0.99 1.37 1.27 1.08 1.56 1.51 1.97 … 1.77 1.88 0.74 2.54 1.71 1.62 0.88 … 1.11 1.30 … 1.06 1.27 1.23 0.77 0.37 0.52 0.66
2011 1.11 0.94 … — 3.05 1.78 1.03 1.34 0.99 1.58 1.67 1.41 1.54 2.07 2.89 … 2.51 2.34 0.93 1.94 2.16 0.08 0.92 2.44 … 1.45 1.01 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.74 0.44 0.68 1.22
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
13
14
15
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
21
Textiles
11
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Arms/Munitions
Animal Hides/Skins
8
Precision Instruments
Plastics/Rubber
7
19
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
18
Mineral Products
5
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
16
Vegetable Products
17
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
8
167
24
229
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
Barbados - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
8
143
21
116
75
210
161
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
243
45
278
35
263
312
20
17
43
22
19
16
15
49
17
18
20
13
15
20
15
13
15
19
38
28
24
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
20
20
70
60
45
45
20
60
25
20
20
20
20
20
30
40
66
40
40
40
45
Maximum Tariff
8
97
10
1
11
5
77
12
14
41
358
35
17
30
3
6
1
32
32
161
1
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
8
4
1
9
16
36
12
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
63
8
25
3
51
83
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
20
25
20
20
20
15
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
30
Median Tariff
20
20
70
10
10
20
20
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Mode
0.00
5.21
26.67
16.58
14.95
9.42
5.74
15.97
6.84
4.12
1.73
8.73
3.51
0.00
5.44
8.87
11.75
9.91
5.68
16.48
17.66
Standard Deviation
0
24
3
113
121
659
551
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
694
142
81
18
119
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
175
176
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 12 0 56 28 … 2 … 0 2
202,821 23,980 380 113,316 57,443 … 4,269 … 88 3,345
2003
Belize - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 40 2 15 14 0 0 0 0 30
277,896 110,380 5,246 40,581 38,874 638 49 8 79 82,041
2004
2005 16 0 54 27 0 2 0 0 1
207,504 33,944 125 111,738 55,840 23 3,833 0 0 2,001
2005
2006 25 0 42 31 0 1 0 0 1
274,407 69,272 358 114,898 84,290 311 2,657 0 5 2,616
2006
2007 40 0 27 32 0 1 0 0 1
265,613 105,296 371 71,017 84,948 70 1,958 0 0 1,953
2007
2008 27 0 45 25 0 1 0 0 1
304,654 81,739 1,238 137,147 75,971 28 4,439 0 0 4,092
2008
2009 13 0 47 36 0 2 0 0 1
255,667 32,954 1,162 121,422 92,089 361 6,246 0 18 1,415
2009
2010 20 0 51 25 0 2 0 0 1
337,949 67,410 714 170,880 86,022 1,252 8,177 1 273 3,220
2010
2011 20 0 56 19 1 2 0 0 2
406,574 79,410 1,341 227,124 75,522 3,467 8,995 1,362 136 9,217
2011
2012 14 0 45 34 1 4 0 0 2
340,451 46,519 1,113 153,560 116,811 2,989 12,393 345 1,112 5,609
2012
Change % 03-12 2 0 -11 6 … 2 … 0 0
5.9 7.6 12.7 3.4 8.2 … 12.6 … 32.6 5.9
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 85 1 0 … 13 1
202,821 171,857 2,317 12.0 … 27,212 1,423
2003
Belize - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 28 0 1 6 40 25
277,896 77,652 629 3,140 15,297 112,362 68,816
2004
2005 85 1 0 0 13 0
207,504 176,653 1,418 91 764 27,957 621
2005
2006 73 0 0 16 10 1
274,407 199,658 782 48 45,007 27,480 1,432
2006
2007 63 1 0 27 7 2
265,613 168,227 1,428 28 72,417 17,913 5,600
2007
2008 56 1 0 39 3 2
304,654 170,094 2,141 65 118,885 8,144 5,325
2008
2009 69 1 0 27 2 1
255,667 176,129 1,843 134 70,139 5,029 2,393
2009
2010 51 1 0 31 14 4
337,949 170,692 4,190 1,240 103,292 46,531 12,004
2010
2011 46 2 0 40 5 6
406,574 188,856 6,770 1,937 163,318 21,727 23,966
2011
2012 69 2 0 27 2 0
340,451 233,977 6,188 414 93,150 6,673 49
2012
Change % 03-12 -16 1 0 … -11 -1
5.9 3.5 11.5 48.2 … -14.5 -31.2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
177
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Belize - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 20 8 17 3 86 98 7 44 33
Source: INTradeBID.
178
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Preparations of vegetables Edible fruits and nuts Sugars and sugar confectionary Fish and crustaceans Railway cars and locomotives Reserved for national use Edible vegetables and roots Wood & articles of wood Essential oils and cosmetics Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 335,160 100.0 107,475 32.1 56,622 16.9 50,623 15.1 44,020 13.1 27,510 8.2 16,637 5.0 9,595 2.9 5,982 1.8 4,445 1.3 4,131 1.2 327,037 97.6
2003 100 47 40 8 2 3 1
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 202,821 94,579 80,192 16,671 4,250 5,632 1,497
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 9 31 9 16 8 27
2004 277,896 26,259 86,452 24,218 44,435 21,107 75,425 2005 100 41 48 9 1 0 0
2005 207,504 85,830 98,881 19,172 2,411 506 704
Belize - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 49 42 8 0 0 1
2006 274,407 134,256 115,196 21,359 1,100 1,032 1,464 2007 100 49 43 4 1 1 2
2007 265,613 131,178 113,036 11,151 2,250 2,350 5,648 2008 100 63 33 1 0 0 2
2008 304,654 192,166 101,746 3,006 1,422 982 5,332 2009 100 57 41 0 1 0 1
2009 255,667 146,261 104,492 1,000 1,353 160 2,401 2010 100 54 29 1 11 0 4
2010 337,949 183,870 97,951 4,332 37,099 1,066 13,631
2011 100 55 35 1 2 1 6
2011 406,574 225,180 140,499 4,279 8,043 4,569 24,004
2012 100 56 44 0 0 0 0
2012 340,451 190,159 148,910 597 600 1 184
Annex: Country Tables
179
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Belize - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Belize - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
Description
36.28
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.89331
5
Vegetables and fruit
21.75
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.88621
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
9.35
24
Cork and wood
0.84685
24
Cork and wood
4.69
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.71194
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
3.83
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.54546
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
2.8
11
Beverages
0.46554
11
Beverages
1.61
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.40657
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
1.55
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.39792
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
1.14
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.35617
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.09
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.31313
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.97
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.28612
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.73
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.20089
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.27
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.17188
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.27
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.16501
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.16
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.15953
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.15
73
Metalworking machinery
0.14751
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.13
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.13851
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.13
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.13749
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.12
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.13397
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.11
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.12143
79
Other transport equipment
0.1
79
Other transport equipment
0.11644
IIT
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.1
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.11343
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.09
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.11083
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.08
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.1054
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.07
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.07143
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.06
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.07119
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.05
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.06271
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.04
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.06173
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.04
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.06042
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.04
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.05018
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.04
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.04798
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.03
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.04315
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.03
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.0401
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.03
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.03841
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.03752
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.02
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.03168
41
Animal oils and fats
0.02
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.02859
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.02
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.02827
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.02
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.02577
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.02
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.01915
73
Metalworking machinery
0.02
85
Footwear
0.01735
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.01482
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.01
41
Animal oils and fats
0.01235
85
Footwear
0.01
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.01089
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.01
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.01079
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.00976
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.01
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.00713
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01
51
Organic chemicals
0.00711
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.00691
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0
67
Iron and steel
0.00584
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.00487
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.00374
51
Organic chemicals
0
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.00174
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.00167 0.00091
1
Meat and meat preparations
0
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0
67
Iron and steel
0
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0
68
Non-ferrous metals
0
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0
Source: INTradeBID.
180
Description
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Belize - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 0.50 0.37 … 2.32 — 0.38 0.26 0.73 0.46 0.81 … 0.63 1.21 0.85 1.68 … 1.17 2.83 0.39 0.77 0.76 0.32 0.34 … 1.42 1.62 0.93 1.06 1.18 1.25 1.94 0.36 0.79 0.64
2004 1.11 0.85 2.85 2.63 — 2.54 1.00 1.83 0.99 1.23 … 1.46 1.44 1.57 3.20 … 1.73 2.24 0.84 2.26 1.99 2.02 1.49 … 1.50 2.02 1.80 0.89 1.06 1.13 0.87 0.53 0.79 0.78
2005 0.54 0.27 2.80 2.17 — 0.47 0.25 0.66 0.55 0.83 … 0.59 1.36 1.16 1.37 … 1.68 2.50 0.38 1.16 1.07 0.34 0.99 … 1.66 1.08 0.75 1.01 1.28 1.32 1.71 0.29 0.73 0.57
2006 0.56 0.20 … 1.82 — 0.36 0.41 0.91 0.62 0.66 1.62 0.42 1.14 0.93 0.83 … 1.43 2.72 0.41 1.20 0.81 0.26 1.25 … 2.04 1.47 0.58 1.02 1.23 1.19 1.63 0.45 1.04 0.68
2007 0.61 0.24 … 2.72 — 0.28 0.54 1.12 0.58 0.78 1.11 0.44 1.13 0.83 1.38 … 1.41 2.37 0.42 1.22 0.71 0.22 1.18 … 2.63 1.42 0.63 1.02 1.22 1.17 1.52 0.53 1.11 0.82
2008 0.55 0.20 … 1.85 — 0.25 0.56 1.08 0.48 0.75 1.04 0.35 1.10 0.73 0.57 … 1.18 1.74 0.33 1.23 0.63 0.11 0.87 … 2.35 1.20 0.64 1.16 1.23 1.20 1.61 0.69 1.22 0.76
2009 0.58 0.28 … 2.17 — 0.29 0.49 1.16 0.49 0.83 0.72 0.44 1.28 0.82 1.08 … 1.21 2.53 0.44 1.37 0.80 0.22 0.81 … 2.20 1.17 0.69 1.09 1.31 1.21 1.47 0.58 1.08 0.79
2010 0.57 0.29 … 2.16 — 0.47 0.47 0.99 0.56 0.87 0.96 0.53 1.14 0.84 0.98 … 1.18 1.87 0.43 1.38 0.85 0.44 0.93 … 2.31 1.32 … 1.09 1.42 1.07 1.37 0.63 1.06 0.78
2011 0.62 0.25 … 1.71 — 0.76 0.69 1.28 0.46 0.72 1.05 0.45 1.14 0.85 1.06 … 1.16 2.31 0.40 1.83 0.70 0.05 1.15 1.14 … 1.32 0.48 1.41 1.25 1.21 1.83 1.15 1.79 1.09
Source: INTradeBID.
181
182
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
13
14
15
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
21
Textiles
11
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Arms/Munitions
Animal Hides/Skins
8
Precision Instruments
Plastics/Rubber
7
19
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
18
Mineral Products
5
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
16
Vegetable Products
17
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
8
167
24
229
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
Belize - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
8
143
21
116
75
216
164
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
243
46
278
35
261
312
20
17
43
22
19
16
15
49
17
18
20
13
15
20
15
12
14
19
38
28
28
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
20
20
70
60
45
45
20
60
25
20
20
20
20
20
30
40
30
45
40
40
45
Maximum Tariff
8
97
10
1
11
6
77
12
14
41
358
35
17
30
3
6
7
1
32
163
1
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
8
4
1
9
16
42
15
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
75
10
25
3
50
59
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
20
25
20
20
20
15
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Median Tariff
20
20
70
10
10
20
20
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Mode
0.00
5.21
26.67
16.79
14.95
9.79
6.05
15.97
6.84
4.12
1.73
8.73
3.51
0.00
5.45
9.28
9.69
10.02
5.68
16.47
16.83
Standard Deviation
0
24
3
113
121
653
548
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
694
141
81
18
121
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 63 0 14 4 1 1 1 1 14
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
1,632,870 1,033,641 6,102 235,225 62,500 11,410 18,594 16,815 12,561 236,022
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Bolivia - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 65 1 16 6 1 3 3 1 5
2,265,038 1,478,581 13,291 360,806 130,464 23,500 68,403 56,688 23,418 109,887
2004
2005 67 1 14 5 1 5 2 1 5
2,929,468 1,973,659 19,381 405,636 141,790 20,556 135,141 60,145 18,092 155,068
2005
2006 66 1 10 4 1 9 1 0 8
4,223,109 2,769,868 49,516 411,742 186,833 35,505 377,968 48,795 18,162 324,720
2006
2007 63 2 9 5 1 8 4 0 7
4,860,195 3,057,023 104,859 428,682 251,263 56,076 407,192 198,610 20,714 335,776
2007
2008 65 1 7 4 2 3 12 0 6
6,840,679 4,440,291 87,309 473,947 258,077 129,383 213,715 812,497 23,521 401,939
2008
2009 60 1 8 6 2 6 9 0 8
5,332,566 3,182,275 69,985 429,609 295,006 130,604 303,501 494,865 5,193 421,528
2009
2010 60 1 9 4 3 7 5 0 10
6,872,778 4,151,592 88,424 647,590 290,926 208,120 460,274 367,137 3,048 655,667
2010
2011 60 2 10 5 4 6 5 0 9
9,115,979 5,455,851 194,235 876,753 427,834 332,915 539,829 419,078 7,064 862,420
2011
2012 65 1 15 3 3 4 3 0 7
11,649,785 7,579,936 152,329 1,716,575 321,504 311,479 441,803 358,006 8,691 759,462
2012
Change % 03-12 2 1 0 -1 2 3 2 -1 -8
24.4 24.8 43.0 24.7 20.0 44.4 42.2 40.5 -4.0 13.9
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
183
184 2003 30 2 22 30 16 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
2,265,038 612,835 42,470 455,861 850,961 300,400 2511
1,632,870 483,708 33,272 362,752 486,680 263,884 2574
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 27 2 20 38 13 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Bolivia - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 20 2 19 49 11 0
2,929,468 582,590 48,918 542,526 1,443,230 309,655 2549
2005
2006 14 2 25 49 10 0
4,223,109 600,527 67,152 1,059,598 2,062,585 430,950 2297
2006
2007 15 2 28 47 8 0
4,860,195 718,352 73,249 1,384,103 2,288,967 391,928 3596
2007
2008 14 1 28 51 6 0
6,840,679 945,409 75,548 1,935,320 3,489,726 390,338 4338
2008
2009 19 1 35 39 6 0
5,332,566 1,026,007 65,964 1,842,597 2,093,522 301,976 2500
2009
2010 15 1 35 43 6 0
6,872,778 1,014,952 74,042 2,379,260 2,972,450 428,742 3332
2010
2011 12 1 37 46 4 0
9,115,979 1,133,285 66,176 3,415,259 4,148,676 349,115 3468
2011
2012 13 0 32 50 5 0
11,649,785 1,505,167 58,159 3,705,253 5,817,118 560,728 3360
2012
Change % 03-12 -17 -2 10 20 -11 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 24.4 13.4 6.4 29.5 31.7 8.7 3.0
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Bolivia - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 26 71 23 15 80 8 12 28 44
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Ores, slag & ash Precious metals and stones Residues from food industries Animal or veg. fats & oils Tin & articles thereof Edible fruits and nuts Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Inorganic chemicals Wood & articles of wood Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 8,242,777 100.0 3,757,942 45.6 1,935,042 23.5 612,349 7.4 398,161 4.8 312,553 3.8 298,078 3.6 135,148 1.6 117,638 1.4 91,464 1.1 78,704 1.0 7,737,078 93.9
Source: INTradeBID.
185
186
2003 100 63 18 9 4 1 5
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 1,632,870 1,029,510 294,100 146,166 68,467 19,637 74,990
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 68 19 8 2 1 2
2004 2,265,038 1,532,940 434,422 180,280 56,596 23,588 37,212 2005 100 74 14 6 1 1 3
2005 2,929,468 2,179,740 407,529 182,454 41,791 36,401 81,553
Bolivia - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 77 11 5 2 2 3
2006 4,223,109 3,238,165 480,642 207,347 80,606 86,425 129,924 2007 100 78 13 5 2 0 3
2007 4,860,195 3,786,757 620,609 228,515 81,805 15,941 126,568 2008 100 81 12 3 1 0 2
2008 6,840,679 5,571,985 806,848 236,804 75,172 3,637 146,233 2009 100 80 13 3 1 0 2
2009 5,332,566 4,268,523 698,959 182,279 60,147 3,710 118,948 2010 100 80 14 3 1 0 1
2010 6,872,778 5,488,850 984,424 226,098 71,635 3,927 97,844
2011 100 81 14 2 1 0 3
2011 9,115,979 7,344,902 1,253,252 184,261 57,608 6,788 269,168
2012 100 77 11 2 1 0 9
2012 11,649,785 8,995,509 1,250,653 215,222 105,769 6,139 1,076,493
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Bolivia - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Bolivia - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011) Code
Description
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
RCA
Code
Description
IIT
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
22.3
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.98455
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
11.05
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.97637
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
9.72
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.92118
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
6.21
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.90881
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
3.37
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.88758
68
Non-ferrous metals
3.14
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.76368
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
2.36
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.72591 0.71397
5
Vegetables and fruit
1.85
51
Organic chemicals
24
Cork and wood
1.65
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.5873
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
1.63
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.58323
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
1.51
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.5612
52
Inorganic chemicals
1.08
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.51612
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.78
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.46747
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.59
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.41092
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.40326
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.55
82
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.39
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.33889
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.32
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.33137
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.26
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.27755
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.24
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.2676
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.2545
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.19
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.19
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.21242
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.18
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.18298
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.16
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.17103
51
Organic chemicals
0.15
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.12747
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.14
11
Beverages
0.12194
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.14
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.10898 0.08699
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.1
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.08
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.08147
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.08
85
Footwear
0.08088
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.08
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.08011
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.08
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.07
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.08 0.04676
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.06
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.04263
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.06
24
Cork and wood
0.03532
85
Footwear
0.05
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.03127
11
Beverages
0.05
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.02785
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.04
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.02686
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.04
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.02399
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.02
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.02299
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.01
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.01965
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01925
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.01
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.01769
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.01
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.01548
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.01
79
Other transport equipment
0.01423
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.01
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.01
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.00864
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.00702
79
Other transport equipment
0
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.00589
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.00156
73
Metalworking machinery
0
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.00104
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0
41
Animal oils and fats
0.00102
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
67
Iron and steel
0.00026
67
Iron and steel
0
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.00007
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.00002
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0
73
Metalworking machinery
0
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
41
Animal oils and fats
0
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0
Source: INTradeBID.
0.009
Source: INTradeBID.
187
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Bolivia - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
188
2003 1.05 0.47 … 0.84 1.52 — 0.99 1.99 1.05 0.51 … 1.06 1.09 1.03 0.87 … 1.04 1.33 0.95 0.90 1.10 0.39 1.87 … 0.90 1.16 1.94 0.85 0.84 1.14 1.86 0.87 1.69 0.89
2004 1.11 0.50 0.80 0.97 0.97 — 0.99 2.42 1.14 0.62 … 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.26 … 1.08 1.25 1.00 0.78 1.11 0.41 1.70 … 0.82 1.10 1.46 0.92 0.82 1.11 1.89 0.92 1.67 0.98
2005 0.90 0.46 0.51 0.91 0.98 — 0.94 2.31 0.72 0.51 … 0.66 0.72 0.65 0.63 … 0.70 0.84 0.85 0.65 0.66 0.30 1.18 … 0.78 0.88 0.69 0.97 0.78 1.12 1.90 0.82 1.68 0.80
2006 0.82 0.46 … 0.62 0.68 — 1.05 2.20 0.57 0.40 0.97 0.51 0.59 0.51 0.54 … 0.54 0.65 0.75 0.53 0.48 0.19 0.91 … 0.64 0.70 0.53 0.82 0.76 1.18 2.01 0.84 2.00 0.67
2007 0.84 0.42 … 0.80 0.63 — 0.95 2.70 0.56 0.46 1.23 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.41 … 0.46 0.56 0.77 0.58 0.47 0.21 0.78 … 0.50 0.64 0.47 0.80 0.90 1.09 2.21 1.10 2.08 0.70
2008 0.79 0.44 … 0.60 0.44 — 0.84 2.07 0.54 0.40 0.98 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.37 … 0.35 0.44 0.80 0.45 0.36 0.16 0.68 … 0.40 0.60 0.58 0.78 0.86 1.23 2.51 1.21 2.14 0.61
2009 0.76 0.48 … 0.72 0.62 — 0.63 2.14 0.66 0.42 1.12 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.42 … 0.53 0.71 0.75 0.53 0.44 0.19 1.03 … 0.39 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.93 1.28 2.24 1.53 2.27 0.73
2010 0.71 0.64 … 0.80 0.47 — 0.75 1.77 0.54 0.39 1.07 0.46 0.44 0.49 0.33 … 0.43 0.54 0.66 0.52 0.37 0.14 0.82 … 0.37 0.49 … 0.61 0.86 1.40 2.50 1.31 2.17 0.63
2011 0.66 1.05 … 0.35 0.42 — 0.63 1.79 0.41 0.35 0.82 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.21 … 0.31 0.41 0.59 0.43 0.27 0.01 0.50 0.41 … 0.50 0.52 0.58 0.99 1.27 2.65 1.10 2.22 0.76
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
158
68
68
281
229
1,198
699
59
166
55
928
195
108
78
308
1,423
198
313
68
426
399
Total Tariff Lines
Bolivia - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
158
68
68
281
229
1,198
699
59
166
55
928
195
108
78
308
1,423
198
313
68
426
399
19
17
17
8
8
5
9
11
12
16
22
10
13
13
10
6
7
15
12
12
15
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
35
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
35
20
20
20
20
20
15
20
20
20
20
Maximum Tariff
31
31
31
27
4
12
26
9
12
26
296
19
18
23
20
13
1
115
10
39
188
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
5
10
10
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
Minimum Tariff
6
6
6
38
28
356
2
12
17
4
36
8
9
12
8
77
3
5
7
9
8
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
15
15
5
10
5
10
10
10
15
20
10
10
10
10
5
5
15
10
10
15
Median Tariff
20
15
20
5
10
5
5
10
10
20
35
10
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
20
Mode
9.25
3.22
3.22
5.39
4.15
4.32
4.23
4.81
3.87
4.43
9.99
4.57
4.34
5.39
4.19
3.17
2.66
4.61
4.35
4.44
5.53
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
189
190
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 20 1 23 23 6 3 2 2 20
73,082,131 14,598,218 977,497 16,692,299 16,751,511 4,532,538 2,310,534 1,223,083 1,450,257 14,546,194
2003
Brazil - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2004 23 1 21 23 6 3 1 2 20
2005 25 2 19 21 6 3 2 2 21
2006 26 2 18 20 6 3 1 2 22
2007 25 1 16 23 7 3 1 3 22
2008 25 1 14 21 8 3 2 3 23
2009 22 1 10 20 13 3 2 3 25
2010 23 1 10 19 15 4 2 3 23
2011 22 1 10 19 17 4 2 4 22
2012 20 1 11 19 16 3 2 4 23
96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 256,037,474 239,536,490 22,166,905 29,427,828 35,228,023 40,367,775 49,450,021 34,075,586 46,134,552 55,059,183 48,499,840 1,199,264 1,943,969 2,275,300 2,356,073 1,866,146 1,712,145 2,321,073 3,129,512 3,079,891 20,038,319 22,471,955 24,431,280 24,968,870 27,423,065 15,601,605 19,307,258 25,804,605 26,700,779 22,387,919 24,497,490 27,622,670 36,120,002 41,508,882 30,563,432 39,180,111 48,369,329 44,621,390 5,440,261 6,833,642 8,399,513 10,743,843 16,403,015 20,190,833 30,785,887 44,314,582 38,189,700 2,767,971 3,476,081 3,883,916 4,310,179 6,114,490 4,269,640 7,140,784 9,473,076 7,955,650 1,429,292 1,896,245 1,961,973 2,045,835 3,118,567 2,622,268 3,760,123 4,693,859 4,501,064 2,169,509 2,944,539 3,209,053 4,331,174 6,623,100 5,068,008 6,606,845 9,344,585 10,214,613 18,872,716 24,813,341 30,454,830 35,016,165 45,433,092 38,888,992 46,676,607 55,848,743 55,773,563
2004
Change % 03-12 0 0 -12 -4 10 0 0 2 3
14.1 14.3 13.6 5.4 11.5 26.7 14.7 15.6 24.2 16.1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 29 5 9 5 51 2
73,082,131 20,879,819 3,325,279 6,665,662 3,796,164 37,185,855 1,229,352
2003
Brazil - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2004 28 4 9 5 52 2
2005 26 4 11 6 52 2
2006 25 4 12 8 50 2
2007 26 4 12 8 47 2
2008 27 4 13 9 44 2
2009 34 4 13 9 38 2
2010 30 4 19 10 35 2
96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 26,944,613 30,422,376 34,329,085 42,111,909 54,303,221 51,850,727 60,835,690 3,907,738 4,616,092 5,180,574 6,159,373 7,076,868 5,803,749 7,819,216 9,162,758 12,424,057 16,635,034 19,826,680 26,480,990 20,498,464 38,320,376 4,421,863 7,100,371 10,590,236 13,296,869 18,689,252 13,657,476 19,843,378 50,563,810 61,562,776 68,116,581 75,868,917 86,543,452 58,377,600 71,310,046 1,471,374 2,179,418 2,615,048 2,996,168 4,846,595 2,804,493 3,784,534
2004
2011 30 4 21 10 33 2
2012 … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-11 2 -1 12 5 -18 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-11 256,037,474 239,536,490 17.0 77,388,896 … 17.8 9,069,406 … 13.4 53,502,831 … 29.7 26,790,973 … 27.7 84,216,509 … 10.8 5,068,859 … 19.4 2011
Annex: Country Tables
191
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Brazil - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Source: INTradeBID.
192
26 27 12 17 2 84 87 72 9 23
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Ores, slag & ash Mineral fuels and oils Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Sugars and sugar confectionary Meat and edible meat offal Machinery and appliances Vehicles Iron and steel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Residues from food industries Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 212,619,928 100.0 30,688,272 14.4 21,690,346 10.2 13,479,612 6.3 12,426,855 5.8 12,299,769 5.8 11,777,235 5.5 11,733,105 5.5 9,459,031 4.4 5,931,629 2.8 5,702,093 2.7 135,187,947 63.6
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 30 24 11 25 7 2
2003 73,082,131 22,063,538 17,777,221 8,255,548 17,918,075 5,465,696 1,602,053 2004 100 31 22 11 27 7 2
2005 100 31 22 10 28 8 2
2006 100 31 24 9 26 8 2
2007 100 34 23 9 25 7 2
2008 100 38 20 7 24 7 3
2009 100 42 22 7 19 7 4
2010 100 46 21 6 19 5 3
2011 100 49 19 5 19 4 3
2012 100 47 20 5 19 5 4
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 96,472,156 118,305,090 137,466,558 160,259,916 197,940,378 152,992,509 201,913,240 256,037,474 239,536,490 29,656,454 36,262,073 42,377,327 53,840,367 75,806,593 64,049,891 92,723,241 125,633,159 113,260,958 21,315,759 25,695,616 32,390,914 36,861,897 40,297,019 33,595,194 41,996,283 49,797,530 46,823,460 10,213,509 11,643,989 12,645,481 13,677,305 13,805,233 10,419,078 12,233,293 13,084,702 12,393,594 26,234,468 32,574,920 36,156,855 40,000,819 48,314,592 28,978,729 38,207,021 48,528,018 46,593,717 7,107,603 9,425,037 10,545,750 12,015,631 13,700,535 10,563,125 10,734,166 10,911,121 11,629,466 1,944,363 2,703,455 3,350,231 3,863,897 6,016,406 5,386,492 6,019,236 8,082,944 8,835,295
Brazil - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
Annex: Country Tables
193
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Brazil - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Brazil - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
Description
Code
Description Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
IIT
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
17.83
55
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
14.86
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.96156
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
7.81
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.90593
1
Meat and meat preparations
7.16
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.89819
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
6.13
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.89721
25
Pulp and waste paper
6.13
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.88505
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
5.45
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.87569
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
5.18
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.87344
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
4.72
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.82729
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
2.33
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.82272
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
1.62
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.78052
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.59
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.77123
67
Iron and steel
1.53
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.76673
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
1.52
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.74456
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
1.41
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.74253
24
Cork and wood
1.16
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.73891
5
Vegetables and fruit
1.13
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.73208
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.99
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.72946
79
Other transport equipment
0.98
79
Other transport equipment
0.72046
0.97436
0.70369
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.94
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.93
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.69541
85
Footwear
0.91
51
Organic chemicals
0.68834
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.89
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.67904
35
Electric current
0.88
67
Iron and steel
0.57597
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.85
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.56033
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.85
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.54876
51
Organic chemicals
0.82
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.54519
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.79
41
Animal oils and fats
0.54452
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.76
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.528
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.74
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.51097
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.7
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.50943
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.67
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.50349
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.65
85
Footwear
0.49405
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.52
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.48628
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.51
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.41148
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.51
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.4097
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.5
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.35606
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.49
11
Beverages
0.32837
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.43
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.31688
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.42
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.30094
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.42
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.28939
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.42
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.27882
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.4
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.22733
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.36
73
Metalworking machinery
0.21731
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.33
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.20762
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.25
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.17074
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.2
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.13928
73
Metalworking machinery
0.2
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.13928
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.17
35
Electric current
0.09683
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.17
24
Cork and wood
0.08864
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.15
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.08192
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.15
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.07258
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.13
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.07166
41
Animal oils and fats
0.13
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.06787
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.13
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.06435
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.13
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.05709
11
Beverages
0.08
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.04615
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.06
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.03768
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.05
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.02436
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.03
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.02367
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.02
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.01042
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.02
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.0071
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.01
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.00375
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00323
Source: INTradeBID.
194
RCA
6
0
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Brazil - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 1.10 1.62 … 1.26 1.24 1.55 — 1.12 1.17 0.95 … 1.10 1.23 1.15 1.13 … 1.28 1.32 1.06 0.95 1.11 1.31 1.21 … 1.92 1.37 1.27 0.81 1.03 1.10 1.40 1.54 1.21 0.89
2004 1.13 1.51 1.41 1.32 1.32 1.44 — 1.19 1.50 1.05 … 1.14 1.26 1.15 1.04 … 1.26 1.26 1.09 0.87 1.11 1.33 1.26 … 1.44 1.27 1.30 0.82 1.02 1.09 1.37 1.75 1.16 0.89
2005 1.07 1.51 1.26 1.16 1.09 1.25 — 1.16 1.23 0.88 … 1.04 1.14 1.04 0.95 … 1.16 1.20 1.06 0.93 0.96 1.27 1.16 … 1.83 1.21 1.08 0.83 1.06 1.09 1.28 1.77 1.11 0.87
2006 1.07 1.49 … 1.17 1.02 1.27 — 1.11 1.25 0.88 1.48 1.00 1.29 1.03 0.98 … 1.14 1.38 1.07 0.92 0.96 0.96 1.21 … 1.92 1.24 1.05 0.83 1.08 1.08 1.28 1.73 1.13 0.85
2007 1.08 1.50 … 1.37 1.12 1.27 — 1.15 1.30 1.02 1.32 1.05 1.30 1.08 0.98 … 1.15 1.27 1.06 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.23 … 2.52 1.23 1.08 0.80 1.04 1.09 1.40 1.96 1.16 0.89
2008 1.06 1.70 … 1.20 0.96 0.93 — 1.08 1.20 0.89 1.22 1.00 1.21 0.99 0.85 … 1.03 1.10 1.06 0.92 0.86 0.96 1.10 … 2.04 1.09 1.26 0.77 1.00 1.07 1.38 2.40 1.18 0.89
2009 1.01 1.25 … 1.29 0.92 0.84 — 1.11 1.30 0.91 1.11 0.92 1.14 0.96 0.93 … 1.05 1.46 1.06 0.89 0.84 1.01 1.12 … 1.53 1.19 1.15 0.73 0.96 1.04 1.32 2.33 1.17 0.92
2010 0.91 1.16 … 1.38 0.77 0.78 — 1.08 1.17 0.88 1.05 0.83 1.02 0.88 0.86 … 0.94 1.32 0.95 0.86 0.76 0.86 1.12 … 2.07 1.17 … 0.72 0.95 0.98 1.42 2.38 1.24 0.83
2011 0.81 0.97 … 0.95 0.71 0.86 — 0.99 0.94 0.72 1.00 0.73 0.92 0.76 0.73 … 0.79 1.20 0.83 0.84 0.62 0.16 1.01 1.07 0.00 1.03 1.05 0.71 0.86 0.90 1.33 2.24 1.30 0.82
Source: INTradeBID.
195
196
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
163
18
461
218
1,779
741
64
216
70
1,013
223
130
113
430
3,053
206
302
74
399
481
Total Tariff Lines
Brazil - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
163
18
461
218
1,779
741
64
216
70
1,013
223
130
113
430
3,052
206
302
74
399
481
4
19
20
12
18
12
12
10
11
25
26
11
8
12
11
7
2
15
10
8
9
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
4
35
20
20
35
35
25
18
35
35
35
16
14
35
35
28
6
55
30
35
28
Maximum Tariff
7
14
18
30
57
1
1
15
1
29
338
69
16
3
2
1
4
2
1
2
11
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
4
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
5
18
102
33
348
12
6
2
8
28
10
20
13
8
208
70
2
1
68
34
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
4
18
20
14
16
14
14
10
10
20
26
12
10
10
14
2
3
16
10
10
10
Median Tariff
4
18
20
14
14
14
12
18
10
35
26
12
10
10
14
2
4
16
10
10
10
Mode
0.00
6.21
0.00
7.05
11.75
6.43
5.08
6.30
4.84
8.19
8.67
5.18
3.76
6.67
6.31
5.54
1.87
5.50
3.09
4.33
4.44
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 19 2 18 23 9 11 5 1 11
20,076,188 3,840,197 392,756 3,569,856 4,693,711 1,817,063 2,242,938 1,006,314 292,670 2,220,683
2003
Chile - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 18 3 15 24 10 12 6 2 11
30,894,104 5,448,175 777,529 4,568,866 7,543,601 3,212,000 3,696,672 1,804,224 570,900 3,272,137
2004
2005 17 3 16 23 11 12 6 1 11
38,595,948 6,597,364 1,068,993 6,248,012 8,860,576 4,389,866 4,535,569 2,214,160 569,188 4,112,220
2005
2006 17 2 16 26 9 11 6 2 11
55,881,236 9,351,408 1,288,691 8,947,457 14,600,189 4,942,473 6,038,156 3,405,158 996,286 6,311,418
2006
2007 17 2 13 23 15 11 6 2 12
65,739,268 10,897,860 1,200,871 8,419,276 15,369,742 9,980,267 7,091,517 3,849,293 1,111,664 7,818,778
2007
2008 19 2 11 24 14 10 6 2 12
69,086,910 13,348,107 1,414,519 7,793,252 16,235,835 9,851,062 7,233,493 3,881,313 1,047,948 8,281,381
2008
2009 17 2 12 17 24 10 6 2 11
51,892,910 8,743,513 1,192,268 6,062,413 8,790,401 12,486,170 4,942,206 3,137,551 787,168 5,751,220
2009
2010 17 2 10 15 24 11 6 2 13
67,423,177 11,507,822 1,396,641 6,531,544 10,257,074 16,457,189 7,111,047 3,938,385 1,192,010 9,031,465
2010
2011 16 2 11 16 23 11 6 2 13
80,765,619 13,138,035 1,484,906 8,786,946 13,218,086 18,351,267 9,186,456 4,453,503 1,492,067 10,654,353
2011
2012 16 2 12 14 23 11 6 2 15
76,744,138 12,362,987 1,245,861 8,986,220 10,770,889 17,822,144 8,440,942 4,634,832 1,206,903 11,273,360
2012
Change % 03-12 -3 0 -6 -9 14 0 1 0 4
16.1 13.9 13.7 10.8 9.7 28.9 15.9 18.5 17.0 19.8
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
197
198
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 28 9 42 2 16 3
20,076,188 5,580,390 1,885,487 8,513,356 436,678 3,130,018 530,259
2003
Chile - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 21 8 54 2 13 2
30,894,104 6,512,807 2,611,357 16,673,341 505,142 3,970,625 620,832
2004
2005 19 7 56 2 13 2
38,595,948 7,439,515 2,658,141 21,691,624 827,233 5,140,251 839,184
2005
2006 15 5 65 2 11 2
55,881,236 8,554,827 2,935,337 36,173,216 1,059,716 6,002,035 1,156,105
2006
2007 15 6 66 1 10 2
65,739,268 9,649,915 3,980,697 43,180,540 835,752 6,645,944 1,446,420
2007
2008 16 6 61 1 12 3
69,086,910 11,275,548 4,326,318 42,268,001 949,572 8,012,695 2,254,776
2008
2009 21 6 61 1 11 0
51,892,910 11,001,627 3,244,358 31,586,380 406,709 5,633,432 20,404
2009
2010 16 6 65 0 10 3
67,423,177 10,753,853 3,940,276 43,983,609 274,771 6,766,896 1,703,772
2010
2011 16 6 64 0 10 3
80,765,619 13,173,924 4,774,533 51,587,294 393,896 8,416,706 2,419,266
2011
2012 17 6 62 0 11 3
76,744,138 13,302,015 4,426,948 47,941,757 341,103 8,496,483 2,235,832
2012
Change % 03-12 -10 -4 20 -2 -5 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 16.1 10.1 9.9 21.2 -2.7 11.7 17.3
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Chile - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
74 26 8 3 47 0 44 71 22 28
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Copper & articles thereof Ores, slag & ash Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Pulp of wood Reserved for national use Wood & articles of wood Precious metals and stones Beverages, spirits and vinegar Inorganic chemicals Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 69,206,461 100.0 25,933,675 37.5 15,725,669 22.7 3,622,845 5.2 3,053,058 4.4 2,453,546 3.5 2,116,660 3.1 1,894,607 2.7 1,739,699 2.5 1,636,624 2.4 1,395,747 2.0 59,572,130 86.1
Source: INTradeBID.
199
200
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 37 49 3 6 1 4
2003 20,076,188 7,483,197 9,902,434 507,099 1,216,399 124,700 842,359 2004 100 38 52 2 5 0 3
2004 30,894,104 11,681,065 15,932,260 598,494 1,569,815 143,823 968,647 2005 100 40 49 2 6 0 3
2005 38,595,948 15,429,165 18,860,663 726,931 2,199,364 161,329 1,218,496
Chile - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 39 52 1 5 0 3
2006 55,881,236 21,684,761 28,789,218 798,339 2,697,060 192,944 1,718,914 2007 100 39 52 1 4 0 3
2007 65,739,268 25,457,815 34,153,585 935,773 2,869,487 252,116 2,070,492 2008 100 37 52 2 5 0 4
2008 69,086,910 25,482,689 35,829,247 1,120,028 3,301,274 310,594 3,043,078 2009 100 39 53 2 4 1 2
2009 51,892,910 20,049,050 27,558,359 876,652 2,182,093 276,234 950,522 2010 100 36 54 1 4 0 4
2010 67,423,177 24,345,651 36,389,699 979,182 2,644,381 295,857 2,768,407
2011 100 36 54 1 4 0 5
2011 80,765,619 29,024,007 43,279,572 1,175,203 3,310,137 320,062 3,656,638
2012 100 38 51 1 4 1 5
2012 76,744,138 29,336,714 39,141,914 1,127,129 3,290,163 386,228 3,461,990
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Chile - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Chile - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
68
Non-ferrous metals
Description
16.29
41
Animal oils and fats
Description
0.97431
IIT
25
Pulp and waste paper
11.39
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.95416
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
10.04
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.94073
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
7.13
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.92454
5
Vegetables and fruit
4.69
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.89317
24
Cork and wood
4.63
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.86754
11
Beverages
3.71
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.81376
41
Animal oils and fats
3.41
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.77714
52
Inorganic chemicals
2.93
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.75226
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
2.79
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.73925
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
2.2
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.71822
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
1.98
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.62029
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.56
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.58156
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
1.54
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.57436
1
Meat and meat preparations
1.32
79
Other transport equipment
0.57061
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
1.21
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.56293
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
1.14
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.55445
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.79
67
Iron and steel
0.5249 0.52485
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.6
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.47
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.51972
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.44
51
Organic chemicals
0.49618
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.43
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.4901
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.43
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.41183
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.28
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.4049
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.24
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.39312
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.24
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.37836
67
Iron and steel
0.23
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.26647
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.22
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.26245
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.21
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.24542
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.19
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.24063
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.14
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.22204
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.14
11
Beverages
0.21382
51
Organic chemicals
0.14
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.19548
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.14
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.19036
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.14
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.17483
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.13
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.17295
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.09
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.16957
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.08
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.16253
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.08
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.14969
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.07
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.14136
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.07
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.13549
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.07
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.12871
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.06
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.12815
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.06
73
Metalworking machinery
0.09115
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.06
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.09065
79
Other transport equipment
0.06
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.0848
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.05
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.08132
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.05
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.07281
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.04
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.07092
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.04
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.061
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.04
24
Cork and wood
0.04631
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.03
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.04355
85
Footwear
0.03
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.04093
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.02
85
Footwear
0.03444
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.02
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.03437
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.02
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.03252
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.02
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.03096
73
Metalworking machinery
0.02
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.03022
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.02281
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.02117
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.00516
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00006
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
Source: INTradeBID.
201
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Chile - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
202
2003 0.91 0.92 … 1.15 0.77 0.63 1.53 — 0.99 0.78 … 0.78 0.99 0.73 0.70 … 0.79 1.00 0.74 0.51 0.81 0.75 1.11 … 0.72 0.84 1.14 0.70 0.85 1.06 2.01 1.84 1.85 0.95
2004 0.99 0.78 0.96 0.94 0.94 0.49 1.93 — 1.01 0.78 … 0.64 0.77 0.58 0.46 … 0.59 0.82 0.78 0.41 0.64 0.54 0.58 … 0.57 0.66 0.89 0.66 0.86 1.00 2.11 1.94 1.90 0.96
2005 0.96 0.74 0.87 0.86 0.65 0.52 1.66 — 0.99 0.77 … 0.60 0.83 0.57 0.51 … 0.61 0.88 0.78 0.40 0.60 0.51 0.62 … 0.65 0.59 0.69 0.67 0.86 0.99 2.02 2.09 1.89 0.91
2006 0.98 0.63 … 0.70 0.58 0.42 2.06 — 0.94 0.81 0.52 0.51 0.74 0.46 0.41 … 0.53 0.69 0.81 0.36 0.47 0.35 0.50 … 0.67 0.52 0.58 0.64 0.84 0.99 2.15 1.90 2.03 0.91
2007 0.92 0.62 … 0.77 0.54 0.42 1.81 — 0.91 0.75 0.46 0.56 0.65 0.43 0.37 … 0.45 0.64 0.71 0.33 0.42 0.38 0.43 … 0.59 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.79 0.97 2.29 2.48 1.99 0.90
2008 0.96 0.64 … 0.74 0.55 0.54 1.61 — 0.92 0.86 0.50 0.71 0.70 0.50 0.39 … 0.49 0.60 0.82 0.38 0.43 0.43 0.47 … 0.60 0.53 0.87 0.61 0.82 0.98 2.02 2.46 1.78 0.93
2009 0.82 0.60 … 0.78 0.56 0.48 1.31 — 0.88 0.79 0.54 0.79 0.82 0.52 0.38 … 0.57 0.68 0.70 0.43 0.47 0.45 0.52 … 0.50 0.64 0.74 0.57 0.79 0.90 1.85 2.62 1.80 0.93
2010 0.82 0.57 … 0.81 0.50 0.45 1.30 — 0.85 0.81 0.44 0.59 0.60 0.45 0.34 … 0.49 0.58 0.70 0.35 0.40 0.41 0.46 … 0.62 0.54 … 0.53 0.70 0.91 1.79 2.51 1.64 0.91
2011 0.74 0.54 … 0.57 0.48 0.38 1.15 — 0.68 0.78 0.41 0.60 0.52 0.39 0.31 … 0.42 0.52 0.65 0.33 0.35 0.06 0.45 0.58 … 0.51 0.58 0.53 0.64 0.84 1.49 2.12 1.49 0.81
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
202
23
258
333
1,142
637
60
187
109
1,093
209
158
81
304
1,232
196
415
60
405
604
Total Tariff Lines
Chile - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
202
23
258
333
1,142
637
60
187
109
1,093
209
158
81
304
1,232
196
409
60
403
604
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
9
Maximum Tariff
7
202
23
258
304
1,140
637
60
187
109
1,093
205
158
81
304
1,232
196
409
60
403
12
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
6
6
6
6
0
0
6
6
6
6
6
0
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Minimum Tariff
7
202
23
258
29
2
637
60
187
109
1,093
4
158
81
304
1,232
196
409
60
403
592
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Median Tariff
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Mode
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.69
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
203
204
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 28 1 44 13 1 2 1 0 11
13,009,540 3,656,679 176,334 5,758,192 1,657,509 80,867 198,674 67,068 28,014 1,386,203
2003
Colombia - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 33 1 39 12 1 2 1 0 11
16,787,600 5,569,866 156,364 6,611,087 2,064,879 137,734 263,052 93,012 47,392 1,844,214
2004
2005 33 1 40 12 1 2 1 0 10
21,189,659 7,034,730 297,966 8,479,629 2,451,992 236,692 330,166 135,946 48,917 2,173,621
2005
2006 31 1 40 12 2 1 1 0 12
24,373,974 7,531,753 275,140 9,637,738 2,967,256 452,415 323,741 201,079 40,537 2,944,315
2006
2007 36 1 35 13 3 1 0 0 11
30,010,763 10,763,911 266,241 10,371,548 3,989,254 784,757 395,279 110,888 100,161 3,228,724
2007
2008 36 1 37 11 1 1 0 1 11
37,625,039 13,439,688 326,465 14,052,666 4,304,779 442,952 371,556 113,107 468,559 4,105,267
2008
2009 31 1 39 13 3 1 0 1 11
32,852,202 10,049,409 385,588 12,878,872 4,278,724 949,717 336,296 107,123 169,795 3,696,678
2009
2010 27 1 42 11 4 1 1 1 11
39,818,767 10,590,024 532,112 16,748,409 4,551,548 1,619,584 511,057 372,653 586,045 4,307,335
2010
2011 28 1 38 14 3 1 0 1 13
56,952,730 15,851,675 614,400 21,705,147 8,235,190 1,989,051 527,962 276,140 382,936 7,370,229
2011
2012 28 1 36 14 6 1 1 1 13
59,953,738 16,827,123 466,366 21,732,727 8,430,515 3,343,087 360,235 335,981 828,194 7,629,510
2012
Change % 03-12 0 -1 -8 1 5 -1 0 1 2
18.5 18.5 11.4 15.9 19.8 51.2 6.8 19.6 45.7 20.9
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 17 6 6 37 33 0
13,009,540 2,269,699 724,489 803,916 4,867,343 4,343,958 135
2003
Colombia - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 17 4 5 37 37 0
16,787,600 2,846,369 750,089 862,677 6,179,893 6,146,727 1,845
2004
2005 17 5 5 39 34 0
21,189,659 3,635,633 962,918 984,043 8,316,321 7,284,694 6,050
2005
2006 16 4 6 38 35 0
24,373,974 3,858,436 1,062,256 1,500,763 9,361,687 8,585,589 5,243
2006
2007 15 4 5 36 39 0
30,010,763 4,576,634 1,281,465 1,628,589 10,870,398 11,648,256 5,421
2007
2008 14 3 5 46 31 0
37,625,039 5,403,140 1,289,995 1,933,733 17,295,007 11,697,555 5,609
2008
2009 15 3 7 48 27 0
32,852,202 4,849,542 1,120,959 2,163,093 15,780,856 8,930,145 7,607
2009
2010 11 3 7 57 22 0
39,818,767 4,446,663 1,309,995 2,847,484 22,564,426 8,642,863 7,336
2010
2011 10 2 6 64 17 0
56,952,730 5,722,050 1,337,188 3,587,951 36,481,788 9,814,491 9,262
2011
2012 9 2 7 65 17 0
59,953,738 5,250,686 1,378,002 4,179,354 38,902,349 10,234,360 8,987
2012
Change % 03-12 -9 -3 1 27 -16 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 18.5 9.8 7.4 20.1 26.0 10.0 59.4
Annex: Country Tables
205
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Colombia - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 71 9 39 6 72 8 17 48 33
Source: INTradeBID.
206
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Precious metals and stones Coffee, tea, mate and spices Plastics & articles thereof Live trees and other plants Iron and steel Edible fruits and nuts Sugars and sugar confectionary Paper and articles of paper Essential oils and cosmetics Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 47,394,359 100.0 28,435,792 60.0 2,675,795 5.6 2,033,291 4.3 1,351,822 2.9 1,210,681 2.6 1,042,023 2.2 859,701 1.8 737,152 1.6 523,679 1.1 461,193 1.0 39,331,127 83.0
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 48 18 13 13 2 6
2003 13,009,540 6,219,704 2,312,228 1,681,047 1,685,154 311,253 800,154 2004 100 45 18 13 16 2 5
2004 16,787,600 7,607,763 3,004,237 2,219,292 2,736,475 387,341 832,492 2005 100 49 17 12 16 2 5
2005 21,189,659 10,277,806 3,608,728 2,485,307 3,368,006 483,766 966,046
Colombia - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 47 17 12 17 2 5
2006 24,373,974 11,566,449 4,155,647 2,806,551 4,105,384 582,608 1,157,335 2007 100 47 15 13 19 2 4
2007 30,010,763 13,981,894 4,602,626 3,992,390 5,637,729 677,705 1,118,419 2008 100 53 16 12 13 2 3
2008 37,625,039 19,994,331 6,090,419 4,536,829 4,825,356 864,256 1,313,848 2009 100 57 14 9 12 3 6
2009 32,852,202 18,726,891 4,581,035 2,957,549 3,870,748 862,164 1,853,815 2010 100 61 15 7 10 2 6
2010 39,818,767 24,118,563 5,777,646 2,649,030 4,134,537 802,718 2,336,273
2011 100 65 14 5 8 2 5
2011 56,952,730 37,218,965 8,009,543 2,900,253 4,567,025 1,173,522 3,083,422
2012 100 65 13 5 8 2 6
2012 59,953,738 39,237,719 8,009,248 2,965,752 4,922,355 1,171,808 3,646,856
Annex: Country Tables
207
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Colombia - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Colombia - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
Description
15.5
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.99336
IIT
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
8.67
24
Cork and wood
0.98377
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
7.46
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.95079
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
4.53
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.95042
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
4.35
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.92867
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
3.97
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.91667
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
1.83
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.89533
5
Vegetables and fruit
1.3
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.82565
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
1.24
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.82519
57
Plastics in primary forms
1.02
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.82024
35
Electric current
0.94
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.81306
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.87
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.79029
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.85
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.7854
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.73
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.70649
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.71
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.67465
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.59
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.66171
67
Iron and steel
0.58
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.57785
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.52
67
Iron and steel
0.56401
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.52
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.53974
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.51
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.53168
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.48
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.51426
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.48
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.48288
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.47
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.4656
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.47
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.43541 0.40828
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.42
1
Meat and meat preparations
79
Other transport equipment
0.38
11
Beverages
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.37
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03 Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.406 0.40212
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.35
27
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.33
77
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.32
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.31
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.33267
0.3
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.33061 0.31566
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.39579 0.37415 0.36902
0.3
68
Non-ferrous metals
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.29
79
Other transport equipment
0.27141
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.26
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.24362
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.24
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.2033
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.23
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.19773
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.22
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.19757
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.22
85
Footwear
0.19222
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.16
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.18529
51
Organic chemicals
0.14
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.17631
85
Footwear
0.14
51
Organic chemicals
0.16901
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.11
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.14819
11
Beverages
0.1
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.14475
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.1
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.13234
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.1
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.12733
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.09
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.11183
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.08
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.10467
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.08
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.10288
24
Cork and wood
0.07
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.10216
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.06
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.09321
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.06
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.08228
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.06
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.0793
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.04
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.06086
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.04
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.05316
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.02
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.04638
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.02
73
Metalworking machinery
0.03689
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.02
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.02982
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.02835
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.01
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.0208
73
Metalworking machinery
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01006
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01
35
Electric current
0.00269
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0
41
Animal oils and fats
0.00193
43
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.00058
41
Animal oils and fats
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00001
Source: INTradeBID.
208
Description
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Colombia - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 0.88 1.00 … 0.89 1.08 1.21 1.37 1.34 — 0.90 … 0.91 1.23 1.23 0.98 … 1.20 1.07 0.60 1.43 1.01 1.44 1.25 … 1.45 1.65 0.74 0.88 0.93 1.08 1.77 0.61 1.69 0.83
2004 0.90 0.95 1.28 0.85 0.85 1.22 1.39 1.41 — 0.93 … 0.90 1.23 1.18 1.00 … 1.17 1.31 0.61 1.36 1.11 1.23 1.32 … 1.22 1.49 0.78 0.92 0.94 1.09 1.77 0.65 1.66 0.84
2005 0.90 0.93 1.19 0.99 1.23 1.17 1.33 1.21 — 0.85 … 0.96 1.18 1.15 1.21 … 1.12 1.23 0.65 1.27 1.00 0.98 1.29 … 1.33 1.29 0.72 0.92 0.97 1.09 1.77 0.62 1.47 0.83
2006 0.88 0.86 … 0.99 1.18 1.06 1.24 1.27 — 0.83 1.01 0.92 1.13 1.15 1.13 … 1.14 1.22 0.67 1.29 1.00 0.81 1.17 … 1.27 1.30 0.65 0.93 0.98 1.08 1.73 0.67 1.45 0.84
2007 0.88 0.89 … 0.88 1.11 0.99 1.19 1.35 — 0.85 1.09 0.84 1.14 1.09 1.09 … 1.03 1.14 0.65 1.25 0.93 0.83 1.13 … 1.25 1.21 0.77 0.96 0.98 1.10 1.80 0.73 1.50 0.82
2008 0.87 0.79 … 0.93 0.95 0.88 1.12 1.34 — 0.79 1.03 0.72 1.13 1.02 1.04 … 0.94 1.17 0.64 1.13 0.84 0.76 1.01 … 1.30 1.18 0.94 0.96 0.96 1.05 1.91 0.76 1.56 0.91
2009 0.83 0.69 … 0.87 0.90 0.87 1.13 1.45 — 0.76 1.04 0.70 1.08 0.99 0.87 … 0.91 1.14 0.58 1.18 0.73 0.71 1.03 … 1.52 1.16 0.78 0.91 0.97 1.01 2.05 0.99 1.78 0.90
2010 0.76 0.64 … 0.62 0.80 0.76 1.08 1.15 — 0.74 1.01 0.65 0.99 0.90 0.85 … 0.86 1.27 0.50 1.17 0.70 0.59 0.98 … 1.82 1.20 … 0.99 0.96 0.97 1.87 1.05 1.78 0.95
2011 0.75 0.52 … 0.76 0.71 0.59 1.19 1.43 — 0.59 1.08 0.50 1.02 0.72 0.68 … 0.69 1.69 0.41 1.43 0.64 0.09 1.17 0.64 … 1.20 0.39 1.30 1.05 1.11 2.18 1.35 2.34 1.17
Source: INTradeBID.
209
210
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
164
69
282
246
1,232
718
59
167
55
933
197
108
78
78
315
1,417
193
310
66
427
413
Total Tariff Lines
Colombia - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
164
69
282
246
1,232
718
59
167
55
933
197
108
78
78
315
1,417
193
310
66
427
413
13
15
3
11
3
3
4
5
13
9
6
5
8
8
5
2
1
14
15
13
20
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
15
15
35
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
5
20
20
80
98
Maximum Tariff
127
68
16
39
86
51
12
15
43
342
38
14
26
26
38
2
41
12
31
4
14
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
Minimum Tariff
11
1
167
89
755
428
36
86
4
292
90
52
18
18
165
1,083
152
5
4
81
7
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
15
0
5
0
0
0
0
15
10
10
5
5
5
0
0
0
15
15
10
15
Median Tariff
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
15
0
0
5
15
0
0
0
15
20
15
15
Mode
4.32
0.60
4.10
12.18
4.56
4.77
5.98
5.54
4.25
6.25
6.10
5.57
5.90
5.90
5.65
3.79
2.05
2.59
4.94
10.63
20.69
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 22 1 44 17 2 1 0 5 9
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
5,800,118 1,299,873 29,024 2,574,976 969,722 88,562 58,335 11,311 267,125 501,190
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Costa Rica - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 26 1 42 16 3 1 0 4 9
5,952,315 1,524,520 32,744 2,470,901 970,448 162,660 40,679 10,949 216,743 522,671
2004
2005 25 1 38 15 4 1 0 2 14
6,665,092 1,653,343 53,638 2,524,048 1,026,130 244,820 50,559 20,904 137,690 953,960
2005
2006 24 1 37 15 7 1 0 2 13
7,789,607 1,868,602 72,993 2,881,567 1,166,596 556,923 48,369 36,450 153,954 1,004,153
2006
2007 25 1 34 13 9 1 1 2 13
8,927,461 2,201,408 64,409 3,026,880 1,178,063 835,076 78,193 132,285 218,719 1,192,428
2007
2008 26 1 36 15 7 1 1 2 13
9,378,805 2,453,613 55,441 3,335,170 1,368,299 612,870 91,436 110,413 150,397 1,201,166
2008
2009 27 1 33 14 9 1 1 2 12
8,533,282 2,283,146 46,595 2,853,682 1,220,170 771,296 56,991 45,647 212,692 1,043,063
2009
2010 28 1 36 14 3 1 0 3 13
9,270,886 2,617,987 89,452 3,368,032 1,338,563 286,561 86,909 42,472 248,011 1,192,899
2010
2011 29 1 37 15 2 1 0 2 12
10,218,609 2,954,636 86,939 3,755,913 1,559,819 199,542 88,589 42,340 254,843 1,275,988
2011
2012 28 1 37 15 3 1 0 3 12
11,264,511 3,181,998 68,300 4,166,759 1,700,115 326,657 85,626 47,775 307,850 1,379,431
2012
Change % 03-12 6 0 -7 -2 1 0 0 -2 4
7.7 10.5 10.0 5.5 6.4 15.6 4.4 17.4 1.6 11.9
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
211
212 2003 30 3 1 0 65 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
5,952,315 1,925,657 198,404 66,627 2,965 3,478,254 280,408
5,800,118 1,745,720 178,090 51,569 28,190 3,793,743 2,806
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 32 3 1 0 58 5
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Costa Rica - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 31 3 2 1 64 0
6,665,092 2,063,909 210,229 105,742 34,749 4,250,347 116
2005
2006 30 3 2 1 64 0
7,789,607 2,333,719 224,745 162,857 44,211 5,023,975 100
2006
2007 30 2 2 1 61 5
8,927,461 2,672,411 199,583 162,717 51,420 5,438,780 402,550
2007
2008 32 3 2 1 62 0
9,378,805 3,039,576 247,778 155,340 82,184 5,853,779 148
2008
2009 33 3 1 1 62 0
8,533,282 2,788,664 221,578 121,162 75,019 5,316,173 10,686
2009
2010 35 3 2 1 60 0
9,270,886 3,249,577 239,465 139,185 57,786 5,584,784 89
2010
2011 36 3 2 0 59 0
10,218,609 3,649,392 259,010 200,566 33,260 6,074,488 1,893
2011
2012 34 2 3 0 61 0
11,264,511 3,814,083 268,656 297,000 4,734 6,864,851 15,187
2012
Change % 03-12 4 -1 2 0 -4 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 7.7 9.1 4.7 21.5 -18.0 6.8 20.6
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Costa Rica - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
85 8 90 84 21 9 30 20 39 40
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Electrical machinery Edible fruits and nuts Precision instruments Machinery and appliances Misc. edible preparations Coffee, tea, mate and spices Pharmaceutical products Preparations of vegetables Plastics & articles thereof Rubber & articles thereof Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total 2009-2012 Exports (%) 9,821,822 100.0 1,985,476 20.2 1,525,491 15.5 1,202,554 12.2 680,966 6.9 353,803 3.6 328,464 3.3 292,671 3.0 282,988 2.9 275,762 2.8 219,588 2.2 7,147,760.8 72.8
Source: INTradeBID.
213
214
2003 100 25 12 13 16 33 0
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 5,800,118 1,458,962 709,683 767,157 955,357 1,890,947 18,012
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 26 14 14 17 24 5
2004 5,952,315 1,561,715 842,631 808,547 1,004,084 1,436,112 299,226 2005 100 25 15 13 16 30 0
2005 6,665,092 1,667,158 988,975 872,558 1,096,028 2,007,542 32,831
Costa Rica - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 25 14 12 18 31 1
2006 7,789,607 1,950,931 1,053,741 903,415 1,421,990 2,401,271 58,259 2007 100 23 14 11 15 32 5
2007 8,927,461 2,071,481 1,261,933 951,982 1,318,516 2,866,808 456,741 2008 100 26 16 12 17 29 1
2008 9,378,805 2,393,768 1,467,322 1,165,345 1,626,505 2,678,931 46,934 2009 100 25 16 12 16 30 1
2009 8,533,282 2,155,279 1,327,316 996,712 1,401,406 2,595,156 57,413 2010 100 26 18 13 18 25 1
2010 9,270,886 2,379,162 1,629,854 1,202,832 1,672,472 2,323,780 62,786
2011 100 26 18 12 18 24 1
2011 10,218,609 2,676,290 1,870,545 1,275,353 1,860,820 2,463,074 72,527
2012 100 26 17 13 20 23 1
2012 11,264,511 2,950,489 1,878,902 1,468,794 2,241,374 2,608,161 116,791
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Costa Rica - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Costa Rica - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
5
Vegetables and fruit
Description
15.77
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.98392
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
8.46
41
Animal oils and fats
0.96797
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
6.17
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.96418
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
6.08
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.86704
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
4.09
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.86176
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
3.78
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.86069
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
3.34
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.84762
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
2.61
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.84349
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
2.38
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.83175
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
2.09
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.8158
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
1.8
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.80549
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
1.76
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.76976
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
1.73
24
Cork and wood
0.76873
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
1.62
11
Beverages
0.75524
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
1.61
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.74191
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
1.49
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.71205
24
Cork and wood
1.35
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.70231
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
1.19
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.69901
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
1.18
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.65978
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
1.05
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.65949
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.99
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.62262
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.92
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.60697
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.85
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.58366
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.83
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.57547
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.82
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.53266
11
Beverages
0.72
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.51664
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.69
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.5047
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.66
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.40799
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.64
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.40696
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.56
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.39519
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.55
73
Metalworking machinery
0.39161
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.54
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.38353
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.54
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.37448
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.53
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.36243
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.46
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.33853
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.46
67
Iron and steel
0.33188
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.46
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.31616
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.35
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.31574
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.34
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.28473
67
Iron and steel
0.31
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.26094
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.27
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.25479
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.25
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.24517
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.24
51
Organic chemicals
0.23397
41
Animal oils and fats
0.21
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.23387
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.18
79
Other transport equipment
0.23154
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.16
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.2299
73
Metalworking machinery
0.15
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.22944
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.14
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.21228
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.13
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.20039
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.12
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.18458
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.1
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.17956
51
Organic chemicals
0.09
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.14331
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.09
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.13876
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.09
27
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.08
26
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.07
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.12186
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.06
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.11256
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.03
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.10776
79
Other transport equipment
0.02
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.09443
85
Footwear
0.02
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.03021
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
85
Footwear
0.01988
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.01
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.0084
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.00797
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.00754
Source: INTradeBID.
Description
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
IIT
0.13253 0.12666
Source: INTradeBID.
215
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Costa Rica - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
216
2003 0.97 0.89 … 1.48 1.30 0.97 0.70 0.72 0.82 — … 1.00 1.41 0.98 1.16 … 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.42 1.19 0.99 0.75 … 0.63 0.96 0.89 0.93 0.97 1.16 1.09 0.68 0.64 1.15
2004 0.99 0.85 1.50 1.56 1.56 1.17 0.72 0.77 0.94 — … 1.11 1.59 1.11 1.39 … 1.28 1.10 1.09 1.52 1.28 0.93 0.86 … 0.65 0.97 0.98 0.94 1.06 1.20 1.07 0.59 0.59 0.95
2005 1.00 0.75 1.34 1.21 1.20 1.09 0.80 0.66 0.86 — … 0.93 1.44 1.06 0.99 … 1.27 0.99 1.14 1.38 1.14 0.97 0.79 … 0.67 0.87 0.90 0.87 1.00 1.13 1.04 0.99 0.83 1.33
2006 0.99 0.72 … 1.24 1.13 1.06 0.84 0.67 0.83 — 1.21 0.88 1.36 1.04 0.90 … 1.27 1.03 1.12 1.26 1.11 0.96 0.75 … 0.63 0.83 0.87 0.87 1.04 1.12 1.00 1.14 0.88 1.45
2007 0.91 0.67 … 1.48 1.05 0.90 0.79 0.61 0.76 — 0.98 0.85 1.31 1.00 1.09 … 1.21 0.87 1.05 1.21 0.98 0.93 0.70 … 0.61 0.81 0.93 0.89 1.04 1.12 0.96 1.23 0.91 1.56
2008 0.93 0.72 … 1.38 1.16 1.05 0.81 0.63 0.84 — 1.06 0.97 1.33 1.05 0.97 … 1.20 0.83 1.04 1.31 1.01 0.93 0.70 … 0.63 0.83 1.24 0.90 1.10 1.18 0.86 1.00 0.77 1.28
2009 0.95 0.75 … 1.49 1.17 1.01 0.84 0.67 0.83 — 1.12 0.95 1.43 1.09 1.12 … 1.30 1.04 1.03 1.32 1.06 0.92 0.77 … 0.66 0.90 1.11 1.00 1.13 1.17 0.93 0.89 0.76 1.25
2010 0.94 0.74 … 1.98 1.29 1.11 0.82 0.72 0.91 — 1.21 0.98 1.50 1.18 1.10 … 1.43 1.16 1.05 1.40 1.16 0.85 0.80 … 0.82 0.96 … 0.99 1.16 1.16 0.91 0.84 0.72 1.14
2011 0.88 0.64 … 1.27 1.23 0.87 0.78 0.62 0.81 — 1.13 0.84 1.23 0.98 0.95 … 1.23 0.87 1.01 1.28 0.96 0.40 0.65 0.94 … 0.86 1.32 0.89 1.06 1.04 0.83 1.13 0.85 1.22
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
918
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
57
418
448
Total Tariff Lines
Costa Rica - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
21
234
233
978
699
54
54
175
64
917
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
57
418
448
13
4
5
2
3
7
7
6
13
10
5
9
8
4
2
3
14
8
8
9
19
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
150
15
15
45
150
Maximum Tariff
16
36
53
94
62
12
12
57
48
325
27
28
33
25
55
9
2
21
21
6
12
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
5
150
130
802
472
15
15
80
3
118
148
27
19
150
893
120
37
9
9
149
52
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
15
10
0
10
10
5
0
0
15
5
5
10
15
Median Tariff
15
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
15
15
0
10
15
0
0
0
15
5
15
15
15
Mode
4.36
5.73
6.39
4.77
4.98
5.61
5.61
6.65
4.26
5.11
5.52
5.02
5.47
4.78
4.06
4.40
14.64
5.68
5.68
8.70
26.23
Standard Deviation
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
217
218 2003 … … … … … … … … …
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
… … … … … … … … … …
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2004 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2004
Dominican Republic - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2005 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2005
2006 13 2 73 5 1 1 0 0 5
6,793,765 851,160 135,507 4,943,153 372,695 85,032 34,741 0 28,746 342,731
2006
2007 11 1 66 11 4 1 0 1 6
7,246,904 795,291 40,091 4,792,781 771,605 257,595 93,025 835 38,280 457,401
2007
2008 23 1 58 10 2 1 0 1 6
6,858,918 1,575,865 40,392 3,954,700 654,855 122,369 37,656 852 70,988 401,241
2008
2009 20 1 62 8 2 1 0 1 5
4,695,438 946,412 23,922 2,907,559 398,302 92,969 69,410 51 28,291 228,522
2009
2010 24 1 57 9 2 0 0 1 6
5,369,231 1,284,151 29,145 3,071,345 480,786 126,936 12,992 149 34,405 329,322
2010
2011 24 1 54 9 5 1 0 1 6
6,375,590 1,507,362 48,327 3,427,330 561,526 330,451 34,959 19,971 60,548 385,116
2011
2012 25 1 56 6 5 0 0 1 6
6,901,865 1,702,803 63,998 3,867,797 413,810 355,806 27,547 7,080 71,994 391,030
2012
Change % 06-12 12 -1 -17 1 4 0 0 1 1
0.3 12.3 -11.8 -4.0 1.8 26.9 -3.8 … 16.5 2.2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 06-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2003
2004 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2004
Dominican Republic - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2005
2006 14 0 3 5 76 2
6,793,765 942,245 25,507 183,642 358,789 5,175,982 107,600
2006
2007 15 1 1 6 77 1
7,246,904 1,102,203 40,828 105,446 400,168 5,552,350 45,909
2007
2008 18 1 3 8 70 1
6,858,918 1,245,729 53,599 179,884 531,149 4,802,606 45,951
2008
2009 25 1 3 0 70 1
4,695,438 1,176,668 38,021 141,054 10,428 3,287,840 41,427
2009
2010 27 1 4 2 64 1
5,369,231 1,460,728 49,687 198,367 117,392 3,463,036 80,021
2010
2011 25 1 5 3 65 2
6,375,590 1,616,951 60,135 297,817 179,124 4,119,111 102,452
2011
2012 21 1 7 0 65 6
6,901,865 1,459,252 56,767 456,075 20,101 4,467,669 442,001
2012
Change % 06-12 7 0 4 -5 -11 5
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 06-12 0.3 7.6 14.3 16.4 -38.1 -2.4 26.6
Annex: Country Tables
219
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Dominican Republic - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
90 85 24 72 62 39 61 52 71 64
Source: INTradeBID.
220
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Precision instruments Electrical machinery Tobacco Iron and steel Woven apparel Plastics & articles thereof Knitted apparel Cotton Precious metals and stones Footwear Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 5,835,531 100.0 681,625 11.7 474,736 8.1 422,859 7.2 339,800 5.8 315,740 5.4 312,326 5.4 292,132 5.0 256,898 4.4 256,366 4.4 234,210 4.0 3,586,691 61.5
2003 … … … … … … …
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 … … … … … … …
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 … … … … … … …
2004 … … … … … … … 2005 … … … … … … …
2005 … … … … … … … 2006 100 5 16 44 25 6 3
2006 6,793,765 365,521 1,098,160 2,960,639 1,716,243 422,815 230,387
Dominican Republic - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2007 100 7 17 39 23 13 1
2007 7,246,904 509,502 1,249,253 2,802,615 1,666,074 959,906 59,554 2008 100 9 22 36 23 9 1
2008 6,858,918 636,477 1,506,244 2,468,147 1,543,291 632,663 72,096 2009 100 12 20 39 21 8 1
2009 4,695,438 572,136 928,905 1,809,613 974,069 362,648 48,067 2010 100 13 24 35 20 7 2
2010 5,369,231 696,018 1,273,158 1,855,575 1,099,440 354,901 90,139
2011 100 13 24 34 23 5 2
2011 6,375,590 797,607 1,501,430 2,139,076 1,474,670 338,584 124,223
2012 100 12 17 32 25 5 10
2012 6,901,865 817,040 1,173,728 2,175,842 1,691,734 357,965 685,556
Annex: Country Tables
221
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Dominican Republic - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) (Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011) Code 11
IIT 0.95301
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.9472
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.90703
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.88339
85
Footwear
0.76849
67
Iron and steel
0.76633
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.71346
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.71181
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.70543
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.69714
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.65064
26 77
222
Description Beverages
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.60232 0.59091
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.52455 0.5178
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.49323
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.48436
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.46095
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.44942
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.44724
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.44599
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.4035
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.39889
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.35313
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.3527
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.34046
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.33885
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.3298
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.30376
79
Other transport equipment
0.24925
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.24646
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.24205
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.24178
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.24108
51
Organic chemicals
0.2337
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.2334
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.22072
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.18908
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.17709
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.17466
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.17463
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.17457
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.16553
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.16418
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.16384
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.13555
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.13383
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.09927
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.09821
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.08878
73
Metalworking machinery
0.0812
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.06757
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.05023
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.04688
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.04368
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.02853
24
Cork and wood
0.02475
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.0186
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.01267
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.00822
41
Animal oils and fats
0.0043
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.00316
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Dominican Republic - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Dominican Republic Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 … … … … … … … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2004 … … … … … … … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2005 … … … … … … … … … … — … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2006 0.82 0.75 … 1.45 1.54 0.95 0.60 0.88 0.67 0.99 — 0.74 0.98 0.99 1.17 … 1.17 1.20 0.88 1.09 1.18 0.98 0.75 … 0.58 0.81 0.80 1.19 0.82 1.14 1.30 0.45 0.84 0.75
2007 0.84 0.90 … 1.08 1.34 0.96 0.75 0.85 0.75 0.90 — 0.76 0.95 1.11 1.23 … 1.13 1.16 0.83 1.11 1.14 1.14 0.88 … 0.64 0.88 0.88 1.13 0.78 1.12 1.26 0.64 0.96 0.83
2008 0.91 0.83 … 1.64 1.63 1.20 0.72 0.88 0.86 1.07 — 0.87 1.07 1.22 1.44 … 1.29 1.20 0.94 1.24 1.26 1.24 0.86 … 0.59 0.88 1.12 1.04 0.85 1.11 1.06 0.55 0.78 0.91
2009 0.91 0.79 … 1.57 1.78 1.29 0.73 0.87 0.92 1.19 — 0.83 1.11 1.06 1.48 … 1.20 1.08 0.91 1.36 1.23 1.28 0.88 … 0.64 1.03 1.24 1.08 0.96 1.16 1.09 0.49 0.61 0.78
2010 0.91 0.76 … 2.03 2.95 1.58 0.77 0.88 0.98 1.35 — 0.84 1.30 1.25 1.48 … 1.39 1.28 0.93 1.55 1.28 1.32 0.88 … 0.76 1.12 … 1.04 0.96 1.15 1.03 0.46 0.61 0.81
2011 0.85 0.70 … 1.38 1.45 1.40 0.71 0.81 0.88 1.19 — 0.83 1.15 1.10 1.28 … 1.21 0.97 0.82 1.39 1.10 0.31 0.80 1.64 … 1.00 1.30 0.95 0.86 1.06 1.00 0.47 0.65 0.77
Source: INTradeBID.
223
224
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
13
14
15
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
21
Textiles
11
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Arms/Munitions
Animal Hides/Skins
8
19
Plastics/Rubber
7
Precision Instruments
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
18
Mineral Products
5
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
16
Vegetable Products
17
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
118
20
217
131
769
568
53
143
49
801
144
93
69
211
789
148
193
45
256
228
Total Tariff Lines
7
118
20
217
131
769
568
53
143
49
801
144
93
69
211
789
148
193
45
256
228
20
17
20
8
7
3
5
18
9
16
8
6
6
6
7
2
2
16
8
12
17
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
Dominican Republic - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
40
20
25
40
Maximum Tariff
7
90
20
55
15
70
86
42
40
37
291
23
14
19
19
51
3
3
15
6
16
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
20
0
20
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
9
20
102
40
567
318
8
66
6
451
83
39
41
85
652
107
22
24
71
44
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
20
20
3
8
0
0
20
8
20
0
0
3
0
8
0
0
20
0
14
20
Median Tariff
20
20
20
0
0
0
0
20
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
20
20
Mode
0.00
6.27
0.00
8.58
6.77
6.35
7.63
4.42
8.81
7.23
9.45
7.78
7.19
8.82
6.93
5.50
4.25
7.53
9.26
8.76
10.50
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 29 0 40 16 0 1 4 0 9
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
5,872,930 1,703,132 26,304 2,331,050 948,264 13,430 83,959 241,792 3,786 521,213
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Ecuador - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 34 0 42 13 1 1 2 0 7
7,752,670 2,655,160 30,089 3,273,683 972,696 49,551 78,923 146,938 4,388 541,242
2004
2005 31 1 50 12 0 1 0 0 6
10,099,785 3,101,598 59,832 5,016,830 1,214,863 7,371 73,081 3,573 4,672 617,965
2005
2006 27 0 53 11 2 1 0 0 6
12,727,979 3,476,942 39,356 6,791,416 1,384,259 194,727 122,513 6,104 7,454 705,208
2006
2007 33 1 43 12 0 1 0 0 10
13,799,995 4,584,849 88,265 5,950,094 1,588,543 36,543 104,979 59,192 21,445 1,366,085
2007
2008 36 0 45 10 2 1 0 0 6
18,510,313 6,624,765 26,692 8,350,141 1,883,825 384,714 102,119 19,583 22,679 1,095,795
2008
2009 42 0 33 14 1 1 0 0 9
13,686,264 5,768,294 40,113 4,545,653 1,853,660 122,278 107,844 5,971 20,086 1,222,365
2009
2010 40 0 35 11 2 2 0 1 9
17,489,597 6,933,917 56,265 6,046,010 2,010,042 328,734 401,972 9,214 191,448 1,511,995
2010
2011 33 0 44 11 1 2 0 0 9
22,322,014 7,383,199 86,757 9,742,338 2,421,777 192,313 348,873 29,085 97,393 2,020,279
2011
2012 33 1 45 9 2 3 0 1 7
23,769,289 7,836,217 127,254 10,587,488 2,232,349 392,426 657,323 40,031 200,926 1,695,275
2012
Change % 03-12 4 0 5 -7 1 1 -4 1 -2
16.8 18.5 19.1 18.3 10.0 45.5 25.7 -18.1 55.5 14.0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
225
226 2003 40 5 0 44 10 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
7,752,670 2,456,912 413,681 35,081 4,233,838 613,157 1
5,872,930 2,356,983 317,793 20,580 2,611,848 565,695 31
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 32 5 0 55 8 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Ecuador - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 29 5 1 58 8 0
10,099,785 2,913,238 461,158 67,378 5,869,616 788,395 0
2005
2006 27 4 1 59 9 0
12,727,979 3,431,316 514,086 127,030 7,544,232 1,110,569 746
2006
2007 27 4 1 60 8 0
13,799,995 3,741,631 504,860 176,575 8,279,078 1,097,849 2
2007
2008 25 4 1 63 8 0
18,510,313 4,557,552 674,146 198,169 11,672,332 1,407,675 439
2008
2009 36 4 1 51 9 0
13,686,264 4,859,707 581,589 115,979 6,963,890 1,164,588 511
2009
2010 30 4 1 55 10 0
17,489,597 5,228,364 736,993 179,040 9,672,453 1,671,480 1,267
2010
2011 30 4 1 58 7 0
22,322,014 6,624,060 818,597 269,988 12,944,970 1,661,896 2,503
2011
2012 13 4 2 58 8 15
23,769,289 3,042,802 859,399 546,341 13,797,441 1,855,227 3,668,079
2012
Change % 03-12 -27 -2 2 14 -2 15
16.8 2.9 11.7 44.0 20.3 14.1 266.2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Ecuador - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 8 3 16 6 18 87 15 20 44
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Preparations of meat or fish Live trees and other plants Cocoa and preparations Vehicles Animal or veg. fats & oils Preparations of vegetables Wood & articles of wood Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 19,316,791 100.0 10,844,752 56.1 2,183,129 11.3 1,258,635 6.5 805,305 4.2 625,764 3.2 459,278 2.4 371,669 1.9 298,534 1.5 230,273 1.2 203,753 1.1 17,281,091 89.5
Source: INTradeBID.
227
228
2003 100 76 16 3 4 1 0
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 5,872,930 4,436,047 952,628 162,749 256,224 50,546 14,736
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 79 14 3 3 1 0
2004 7,752,670 6,109,748 1,120,802 216,913 231,545 57,276 16,386 2005 100 79 14 2 3 1 0
2005 10,099,785 7,953,576 1,454,550 249,583 346,122 72,665 23,289
Ecuador - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 78 14 2 5 1 0
2006 12,727,979 9,910,732 1,792,058 289,852 585,954 104,708 44,675 2007 100 77 16 2 4 1 1
2007 13,799,995 10,640,661 2,155,742 331,906 514,152 87,717 69,817 2008 100 78 15 2 4 0 0
2008 18,510,313 14,400,569 2,799,311 405,793 741,951 74,428 88,261 2009 100 77 15 3 4 1 0
2009 13,686,264 10,534,498 2,085,301 418,427 516,206 72,712 59,120 2010 100 78 13 3 4 1 0
2010 17,489,597 13,729,012 2,241,472 593,306 724,715 123,349 77,743
2011 100 79 14 2 4 0 1
2011 22,322,014 17,587,824 3,207,066 502,678 794,466 88,349 141,631
2012 100 62 14 2 4 0 17
2012 23,769,289 14,806,955 3,368,028 458,326 968,594 96,735 4,070,651
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Ecuador - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Ecuador - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
14.76
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
10.17
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.7851
5
Vegetables and fruit
9.61
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.78077 0.76131
7
Description
Description
IIT 0.9712
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
6.21
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
5.2
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.74804
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
2.56
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.74651
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
2.54
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.70717
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.62
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.61264
41
Animal oils and fats
1.53
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.5836
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
1.42
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.5713
24
Cork and wood
1.25
41
Animal oils and fats
0.56589
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.82
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.53728
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.79
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.53629
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.48
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.51025
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.42
85
Footwear
0.49164
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.39
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.49149
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.29
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.40244
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.29
51
Organic chemicals
0.35106
85
Footwear
0.29
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.31983
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.24
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.3031
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.22
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.28437
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.22
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.27603
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.21
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.26673
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.21
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.24679
0.2
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.23812 0.23614
2 26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric) Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.18
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.18
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.21851
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.18
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.20025
27
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.16
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.18228
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.15
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.18097
51
Organic chemicals
0.13
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.16472
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.13
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.15322
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.13
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.15286
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.13
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.13982
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.11
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.1384
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.1
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.13761
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.1
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.13722
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.09
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.12617
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.08
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.12428
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.06
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.11768
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.06
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.11292
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.06
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.11038
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.05
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.10159
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.05
11
Beverages
0.09665
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.05
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.09044
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.04
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.07572
67
Iron and steel
0.04
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.07208
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.04
67
Iron and steel
0.04626
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.04
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.04524
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.03
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.04143
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.03
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.04057
35
Electric current
0.02
24
Cork and wood
0.0402
11
Beverages
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.03398
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.03053
73
Metalworking machinery
0.01
79
Other transport equipment
0.03005
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.01
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.02801
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01
35
Electric current
0.02231
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.0217
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.01
73
Metalworking machinery
0.02121
1
Meat and meat preparations
0
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.0138
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.00776 0.00399
79
Other transport equipment
0
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
Source: INTradeBID.
0
Source: INTradeBID.
229
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Ecuador - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
230
2003 0.64 0.67 … 0.97 0.51 0.60 0.96 1.35 0.53 0.62 … — 1.33 0.63 0.45 … 0.70 1.20 0.35 1.40 0.83 0.63 1.18 … 2.26 1.87 0.52 1.05 0.98 1.13 1.89 0.64 1.37 0.83
2004 0.65 0.47 0.98 0.75 0.75 0.48 1.15 1.45 0.54 0.63 … — 1.19 0.59 0.42 … 0.62 1.16 0.30 1.45 0.70 0.51 1.28 … 1.78 2.03 0.48 1.13 0.94 1.06 1.89 0.76 1.47 0.89
2005 0.61 0.41 0.88 0.75 0.55 0.46 1.00 1.25 0.51 0.57 … — 1.08 0.57 0.57 … 0.62 1.01 0.29 1.14 0.68 0.45 1.30 … 2.45 1.75 0.39 1.12 0.94 1.04 1.86 0.75 1.47 0.92
2006 0.62 0.38 … 0.74 0.56 0.47 0.97 1.37 0.53 0.61 0.56 — 1.09 0.62 0.58 … 0.73 1.33 0.31 1.39 0.68 0.40 1.30 … 2.58 1.71 0.43 1.17 0.97 1.02 1.87 0.83 1.57 0.94
2007 0.65 0.40 … 0.74 0.64 0.50 0.98 1.27 0.52 0.69 0.98 — 1.15 0.67 0.75 … 0.74 1.36 0.33 1.41 0.70 0.41 1.24 … 2.45 1.39 0.43 1.19 0.97 1.00 1.81 0.86 1.52 0.97
2008 0.62 0.35 … 0.76 0.50 0.48 0.84 1.19 0.50 0.63 0.93 — 1.05 0.56 0.60 … 0.62 1.31 0.32 1.13 0.59 0.39 1.03 … 2.26 1.47 0.54 1.30 1.00 1.00 1.78 0.97 1.47 0.97
2009 0.62 0.46 … 0.89 0.53 0.50 0.82 1.12 0.56 0.65 0.85 — 1.19 0.64 0.53 … 0.74 1.42 0.33 1.24 0.64 0.42 1.07 … 2.37 1.41 0.70 1.26 1.08 1.08 1.70 0.89 1.38 0.93
2010 0.58 0.42 … 0.81 0.45 0.47 0.73 1.01 0.54 0.65 0.91 — 1.07 0.57 0.53 … 0.69 1.52 0.31 1.25 0.59 0.37 1.08 … 2.55 1.51 … 1.28 1.05 1.02 1.70 0.97 1.43 0.93
2011 0.63 0.36 … 0.84 0.48 0.41 0.92 1.38 0.47 0.53 1.03 — 1.14 0.49 0.49 … 0.59 2.04 0.28 1.64 0.52 0.10 1.35 0.42 … 1.40 0.36 1.65 1.20 1.26 2.22 1.44 2.21 1.21
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
153
69
291
253
1,194
699
57
166
56
930
200
107
78
308
1,422
210
289
63
378
297
Total Tariff Lines
Ecuador - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
153
69
291
253
1,194
699
57
166
56
930
200
107
78
308
1,422
210
289
63
378
297
30
25
27
6
9
4
7
6
11
26
21
10
14
14
8
2
1
22
14
15
24
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
30
30
30
30
40
30
30
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
25
10
45
32
68
86
Maximum Tariff
7
92
35
30
3
62
50
13
17
42
343
28
4
20
5
1
17
2
3
2
6
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
7
1
196
117
860
423
41
59
1
94
70
3
19
161
1,207
173
32
18
119
39
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
30
30
30
0
5
0
0
0
15
30
20
10
15
10
0
0
0
25
20
15
30
Median Tariff
30
30
30
0
0
0
0
0
15
30
30
0
15
30
0
0
0
30
20
0
30
Mode
0.00
8.52
4.24
10.38
11.28
8.50
9.71
10.51
10.18
7.02
9.23
10.16
6.63
11.83
8.85
4.53
2.98
9.91
9.77
11.49
15.41
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
231
232 2003 28 0 68 2 0 0 0 0 2
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
3,127,856 875,629 6,124 2,112,946 70,198 5,115 8,808 1,097 263 47,676
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
El Salvador - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 29 0 66 3 0 0 0 0 2
3,304,353 952,439 13,811 2,166,134 103,434 3,618 7,628 895 1,569 54,825
2004
2005 39 1 53 5 0 0 0 0 2
3,436,145 1,346,846 22,322 1,809,027 156,182 2,917 16,841 2,334 5,091 74,585
2005
2006 38 1 53 5 0 0 0 1 2
3,729,664 1,413,465 26,472 1,964,805 201,338 6,510 17,630 3,937 28,249 67,258
2006
2007 40 0 50 6 0 0 0 0 2
4,014,315 1,622,243 12,106 2,023,249 232,155 6,997 15,505 3,171 5,359 93,530
2007
2008 42 1 48 6 0 0 0 0 1
4,640,821 1,968,124 36,240 2,240,223 294,477 7,089 18,815 3,542 7,978 64,333
2008
2009 44 1 46 5 0 0 0 0 2
3,865,858 1,707,084 33,167 1,796,077 206,964 2,571 19,146 3,828 11,518 85,503
2009
2010 43 2 48 4 0 0 0 0 2
4,499,000 1,950,317 67,715 2,161,121 187,117 3,298 18,673 16,188 15,024 79,547
2010
2011 43 1 46 5 0 1 1 0 2
5,307,894 2,302,743 70,835 2,425,363 291,065 2,045 49,484 28,615 16,544 121,200
2011
2012 46 1 46 4 0 1 1 0 1
5,338,362 2,434,764 54,435 2,469,825 225,059 3,675 32,381 32,002 8,535 77,686
2012
Change % 03-12 18 1 -21 2 0 0 1 0 0
6.1 12.0 27.5 1.7 13.8 -3.6 15.6 45.5 47.2 5.6
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 14 0 1 2 23 60
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
3,304,353 471,321 11,839 45,550 61,407 790,543 1923693
3,127,856 425,109 8,963 41,154 62,714 716,438 1873478
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 14 0 1 2 24 58
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
El Salvador - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 17 0 2 2 79 0
3,436,145 592,823 13,709 52,955 64,013 2,712,174 471
2005
2006 18 0 2 2 78 0
3,729,664 662,208 14,005 77,395 84,412 2,891,042 602
2006
2007 19 1 2 3 75 0
4,014,315 768,741 23,044 95,091 114,387 3,012,072 980
2007
2008 20 1 2 3 74 0
4,640,821 910,842 26,457 109,850 159,689 3,433,330 653
2008
2009 22 1 3 3 71 0
3,865,858 867,756 23,423 109,687 106,531 2,757,672 789
2009
2010 21 1 4 3 72 0
4,499,000 951,849 31,230 164,942 131,510 3,218,462 1007
2010
2011 24 1 4 3 68 0
5,307,894 1,291,905 46,249 199,931 168,568 3,600,517 724
2011
2012 23 1 3 3 70 0
5,338,362 1,213,379 47,619 154,074 169,855 3,752,632 803
2012
Change % 03-12 9 1 2 1 47 -60
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 6.1 12.4 20.4 15.8 11.7 20.2 -57.8
Annex: Country Tables
233
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
El Salvador - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
61 9 39 48 62 85 17 27 22 72
Source: INTradeBID.
234
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Knitted apparel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Plastics & articles thereof Paper and articles of paper Woven apparel Electrical machinery Sugars and sugar confectionary Mineral fuels and oils Beverages, spirits and vinegar Iron and steel Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 4,752,779 100.0 1,476,500 31.1 303,290 6.4 254,116 5.3 232,010 4.9 228,047 4.8 209,084 4.4 203,159 4.3 155,261 3.3 146,843 3.1 144,479 3.0 3,352,788 70.5
2003 100 6 13 14 5 3 61
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 3,127,856 173,984 391,820 429,104 155,854 83,878 1,893,216
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 6 13 14 6 3 59
2004 3,304,353 192,523 430,591 449,261 184,049 102,584 1,945,345 2005 100 7 15 64 7 7 1
2005 3,436,145 235,962 523,560 2,185,376 228,735 235,989 26,523
El Salvador - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 7 16 58 10 7 1
2006 3,729,664 275,081 605,177 2,170,708 376,583 265,319 36,796 2007 100 7 18 57 9 7 1
2007 4,014,315 296,177 741,878 2,271,817 369,281 285,464 49,698 2008 100 8 18 55 11 6 2
2008 4,640,821 385,311 844,012 2,533,227 507,122 289,060 82,089 2009 100 8 20 54 8 7 3
2009 3,865,858 324,011 774,516 2,101,930 300,660 260,999 103,742 2010 100 8 20 56 6 7 3
2010 4,499,000 337,755 910,736 2,526,426 257,988 329,571 136,524
2011 100 12 20 53 6 6 3
2011 5,307,894 635,987 1,051,699 2,814,570 325,723 332,003 147,912
2012 100 8 22 54 7 6 2
2012 5,338,362 451,177 1,169,129 2,909,146 367,247 327,570 114,093
Annex: Country Tables
235
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
El Salvador - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
236
2003 1.09 1.03 … 2.46 2.61 2.24 0.71 1.20 1.00 1.43 … 1.44 — 2.06 2.79 … 2.59 2.40 0.96 2.55 1.97 1.80 1.18 … 1.13 1.78 1.47 0.88 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2004 1.05 0.91 2.45 2.31 2.31 2.00 0.64 1.18 1.06 1.37 … 1.40 — 1.93 2.75 … 2.42 2.19 0.95 2.37 1.95 1.45 1.17 … 1.16 1.43 1.28 0.94 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2005 1.05 0.87 2.17 2.07 2.21 1.76 0.65 1.04 1.10 1.29 … 1.28 — 2.04 2.33 … 2.82 2.26 0.96 2.61 1.73 1.28 1.17 … 1.17 1.36 1.22 0.92 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2006 1.11 0.96 … 2.19 2.32 1.72 0.78 1.03 1.15 1.28 1.81 1.26 — 2.21 2.61 … 3.36 2.95 1.02 2.75 1.82 1.10 1.16 … 1.47 1.37 1.09 0.92 1.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2007 1.12 0.95 … 2.71 2.24 1.70 0.79 1.12 1.12 1.39 1.46 1.24 — 2.23 2.79 … 3.65 2.81 1.03 2.96 1.72 1.22 1.06 … 1.36 1.44 1.12 0.90 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2008 1.07 0.89 … 2.35 2.21 1.60 0.77 1.09 1.12 1.33 1.46 1.19 — 2.04 2.63 … 2.87 2.68 0.94 2.43 1.66 1.17 1.00 … 1.46 1.20 1.35 0.89 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2009 1.02 0.86 … 2.61 2.25 1.60 0.68 1.02 1.03 1.44 1.69 1.09 — 2.15 2.41 … 2.74 2.89 0.92 2.68 1.69 1.15 0.95 … 1.25 1.28 1.34 0.94 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2010 0.89 0.69 … 2.58 2.27 1.45 0.61 1.09 0.91 1.34 1.44 0.91 — 1.87 2.14 … 2.16 1.99 0.85 2.03 1.58 1.01 0.92 … 1.11 1.23 … 1.08 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2011 0.81 0.65 … 1.73 1.73 1.35 0.56 0.99 0.89 1.23 1.33 0.86 — 1.66 1.79 … 1.86 1.47 0.72 1.92 1.41 0.22 0.81 1.45 … 1.22 1.12 1.05 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
169
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
918
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
Total Tariff Lines
El Salvador - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
169
21
234
233
978
699
54
54
175
64
917
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
415
430
11
30
4
6
2
3
7
7
6
13
10
5
8
8
5
2
3
16
8
9
14
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
30
15
30
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
15
15
15
15
15
15
164
15
40
164
Maximum Tariff
93
21
36
10
94
62
12
12
57
48
2
27
28
33
25
55
4
2
21
4
4
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
28
21
150
66
801
460
15
15
80
3
117
148
27
19
147
882
118
35
18
146
45
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
30
0
1
0
0
5
5
5
15
10
0
10
10
5
0
0
15
5
10
15
Median Tariff
15
30
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
15
15
0
10
15
0
0
0
15
15
15
15
Mode
5.67
0.00
5.73
9.12
4.77
4.99
5.61
5.61
6.65
4.26
5.12
5.52
5.10
5.47
4.79
4.07
4.05
16.71
6.42
7.68
16.72
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
237
238
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2003 53 1 30 5 0 1 2 1 7
2004 56 2 29 5 1 1 1 1 5
2005 52 2 31 5 1 1 0 1 7
2006 39 2 46 5 1 1 1 0 5
2007 42 2 42 5 1 1 1 1 6
2008 46 1 39 5 0 1 0 0 6
2009 42 2 41 5 0 1 1 1 7
2010 43 2 38 5 0 2 1 1 7
2011 41 2 41 6 0 2 1 1 7
2,634,197 2,931,239 3,377,843 6,011,438 6,897,962 7,735,134 7,214,174 8,465,436 10,400,513 1,387,476 1,628,002 1,764,343 2,350,739 2,909,467 3,524,344 3,012,436 3,666,515 4,229,334 37,096 48,680 66,018 99,554 111,311 110,802 110,190 135,960 158,701 788,562 857,939 1,046,114 2,782,483 2,908,315 3,014,601 2,925,978 3,257,995 4,307,555 135,260 143,258 167,250 295,984 331,694 395,394 355,030 438,179 588,601 3,513 19,360 35,826 49,386 58,205 31,922 30,248 34,871 28,824 20,494 24,459 35,908 45,030 59,237 113,274 107,895 146,839 212,182 59,520 33,716 6,180 84,185 74,724 31,742 68,011 79,313 125,023 22,972 15,716 17,453 29,441 55,172 35,216 80,714 77,030 58,021 179,304 160,109 238,751 274,636 389,837 477,839 523,672 628,734 692,272
2003
Guatemala - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2012 42 1 40 6 0 2 1 0 8
10,128,871 4,254,720 148,924 4,099,446 579,512 34,685 178,424 53,147 16,880 763,133
2012
Change % 03-12 -11 0 11 1 0 1 -2 -1 1
16.1 13.3 16.7 20.1 17.5 29.0 27.2 -1.3 -3.4 17.5
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 47 4 0 8 40 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
2,931,239 1,325,014 122,549 14,596 242,326 1,226,754 0
2,634,197 1,238,812 105,769 10,167 215,978 1,063,464 7
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 45 4 0 8 42 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Guatemala - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 46 4 1 9 40 0
3,377,843 1,567,889 141,562 18,260 304,240 1,345,889 3
2005
2006 33 4 3 5 55 0
6,011,438 2,009,829 219,064 154,440 313,920 3,314,175 10
2006
2007 37 4 4 5 50 0
6,897,962 2,575,003 268,446 276,033 349,230 3,422,823 6,427
2007
2008 38 4 4 7 47 0
7,735,134 2,913,745 318,175 333,093 540,087 3,629,701 333
2008
2009 44 3 5 4 43 0
7,214,174 3,192,597 242,936 374,825 291,957 3,106,140 5,719
2009
2010 42 4 7 5 43 0
8,465,436 3,546,044 360,478 554,235 382,205 3,605,331 17,143
2010
2011 42 5 10 5 38 0
10,400,513 4,339,436 538,135 998,808 516,013 3,983,782 24,339
2011
2012 44 4 6 4 41 1
10,128,871 4,464,326 445,943 656,492 400,659 4,103,121 58,330
2012
Change % 03-12 -3 0 6 -4 0 1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 16.1 15.3 17.3 58.9 7.1 16.2 172.7
Annex: Country Tables
239
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Guatemala - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 61 17 8 26 27 40 15 62 39
Source: INTradeBID.
240
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Knitted apparel Sugars and sugar confectionary Edible fruits and nuts Ores, slag & ash Mineral fuels and oils Rubber & articles thereof Animal or veg. fats & oils Woven apparel Plastics & articles thereof Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 9,052,249 100.0 1,150,999 12.7 895,562 9.9 768,614 8.5 689,436 7.6 580,698 6.4 397,766 4.4 287,494 3.2 265,523 2.9 250,369 2.8 227,766 2.5 5,514,225 60.9
2003 100 39 24 15 15 6 1
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 2,634,197 1,025,341 632,310 407,721 403,608 151,606 13,611
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 38 24 17 15 6 1
2004 2,931,239 1,108,910 690,343 489,859 452,343 173,548 16,236 2005 100 40 24 16 15 5 1
2005 3,377,843 1,340,771 802,113 544,524 496,515 175,751 18,169
Guatemala - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 29 18 38 11 3 0
2006 6,011,438 1,767,969 1,089,206 2,280,829 643,600 206,989 22,845 2007 100 34 20 32 11 3 0
2007 6,897,962 2,314,869 1,350,613 2,210,691 759,537 233,366 28,886 2008 100 36 21 28 12 3 0
2008 7,735,134 2,746,950 1,601,111 2,188,080 913,592 259,790 25,611 2009 100 38 22 26 11 4 0
2009 7,214,174 2,738,086 1,556,982 1,851,816 781,656 254,274 31,360 2010 100 37 23 25 11 4 1
2010 8,465,436 3,132,346 1,921,776 2,154,276 895,638 308,002 53,398
2011 100 43 20 23 10 3 1
2011 10,400,513 4,506,807 2,082,090 2,401,857 1,026,246 292,845 90,668
2012 100 38 22 24 11 3 1
2012 10,128,871 3,885,287 2,274,786 2,383,811 1,148,000 314,156 122,831
Annex: Country Tables
241
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Guatemala - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Guatemala - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
23.3
22
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
21.59
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.98576
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
8.44
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.98571
7
Description
IIT 0.98825
5
Vegetables and fruit
7.6
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.86815
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
4.98
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.86454
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
4.75
24
Cork and wood
0.84215
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
3.83
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.82039
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
3.81
11
Beverages
0.80453
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
3.76
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.80408
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
3.71
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.79729
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
2.85
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.79508
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
2.71
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.69862
11
Beverages
2.11
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.68384
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
1.54
51
Organic chemicals
0.63547
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
1.51
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.62089
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
1.5
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.60293
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.36
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.60231
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
1.12
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.5933
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
1.02
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.57774
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
1.01
67
Iron and steel
0.56091
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.95
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.54576
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.95
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.52882
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.84
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.52205
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.74
85
Footwear
0.5148
67
Iron and steel
0.73
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.48128
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.68
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.46246
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.68
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.45862
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.67
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.44554
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.63
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.44042
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.61
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.41331
24
Cork and wood
0.6
35
Electric current
0.40843
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.6
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.40098
85
Footwear
0.6
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.39527
35
Electric current
0.58
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.34927
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.57
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.34456
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.55
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.32389
51
Organic chemicals
0.5
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.30748
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.48
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.28672
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.46
79
Other transport equipment
0.28505
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.44
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.25405
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.39
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.25273
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.36
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.2086
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.25
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.19182
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.21
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.18436
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.2
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.17267
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.2
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.17194
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.18
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.16884
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.15
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.16205
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.12
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.11
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.12996
0.141
41
Animal oils and fats
0.09
73
Metalworking machinery
0.12886
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.08
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.1166
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.08
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.1164
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.07
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.11165
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.06
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.1092
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.06
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.08632
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.05
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.07902
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.05
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.07811
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.04
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.06876
73
Metalworking machinery
0.03
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.06554
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.03
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.04848
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.02
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.0336
79
Other transport equipment
0.01
41
Animal oils and fats
0.01784
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
Source: INTradeBID.
242
Description Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0
Source: INTradeBID.
0.001
Annex: Country Tables
Guatemala - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 0.97 1.17 … 2.22 2.02 1.88 0.85 1.24 0.97 1.10 … 1.44 1.96 — 2.13 … 1.71 2.09 0.75 2.15 1.67 1.70 1.23 … 1.49 2.08 1.48 0.88 1.08 1.21 1.08 0.58 0.80 0.77
2004 1.00 1.03 2.01 2.19 2.19 1.86 0.91 1.22 1.06 1.19 … 1.45 1.98 — 2.09 … 1.72 1.83 0.76 2.03 1.65 1.51 1.43 … 1.31 1.73 1.32 0.89 1.09 1.21 1.07 0.59 0.78 0.76
2005 0.95 0.95 1.83 1.79 1.78 1.76 0.83 1.08 1.04 1.11 … 1.36 2.00 — 1.62 … 1.76 1.76 0.74 2.13 1.51 1.33 1.42 … 1.38 1.66 1.05 0.90 1.10 1.22 1.08 0.57 0.77 0.74
2006 0.98 0.93 … 1.89 1.84 1.72 0.80 1.12 1.07 1.09 1.57 1.26 2.06 — 1.59 … 1.93 2.11 0.80 2.19 1.56 1.15 1.43 … 1.38 1.67 1.00 0.90 1.13 1.15 1.19 0.48 0.65 0.63
2007 0.97 0.95 … 2.48 1.75 1.58 0.80 1.13 1.01 1.11 1.34 1.25 1.92 — 2.07 … 1.79 1.81 0.81 2.06 1.28 1.29 1.26 … 1.38 1.69 1.01 0.90 1.14 1.18 1.15 0.51 0.68 0.70
2008 0.95 0.89 … 2.11 1.59 1.46 0.80 1.12 0.98 1.06 1.32 1.14 1.97 — 1.59 … 1.61 1.69 0.78 1.98 1.24 1.23 1.10 … 1.35 1.37 1.19 0.91 1.13 1.18 1.06 0.58 0.72 0.71
2009 0.97 0.94 … 2.29 1.55 1.42 0.79 1.20 1.08 1.13 1.32 1.12 1.94 — 1.80 … 1.66 2.25 0.82 1.85 1.20 1.19 1.08 … 1.33 1.50 1.15 0.91 1.22 1.19 1.07 0.50 0.74 0.75
2010 0.95 0.88 … 2.76 1.61 1.49 0.78 1.19 1.10 1.19 1.45 1.18 1.87 — 1.67 … 1.67 2.17 0.83 1.82 1.24 1.20 1.12 … 1.50 1.60 … 0.94 1.17 1.15 1.05 0.52 0.76 0.74
2011 0.83 0.74 … 1.67 1.48 1.40 0.70 1.02 0.99 1.06 1.32 1.13 1.68 — 1.40 … 1.34 1.68 0.66 1.70 1.06 0.15 0.92 1.40 … 1.37 1.28 0.98 1.12 1.08 1.03 0.53 0.79 0.73
Source: INTradeBID.
243
244
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
169
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
918
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
Total Tariff Lines
Guatemala - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
169
21
234
233
978
699
54
54
175
64
917
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
11
16
4
8
2
3
7
7
6
13
10
5
9
8
5
2
3
13
8
10
11
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
20
15
20
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
40
15
201
15
Maximum Tariff
93
6
36
32
94
62
12
12
57
48
325
27
28
33
25
55
4
6
21
1
234
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
28
15
150
71
801
475
15
15
80
3
118
148
27
19
147
880
124
36
19
145
45
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
15
0
10
0
0
5
5
5
15
10
0
10
10
5
0
0
15
5
13
15
Median Tariff
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
15
15
0
10
15
0
0
0
15
15
15
15
Mode
5.67
2.31
5.73
6.95
4.78
5.00
5.61
5.61
6.65
4.26
5.11
5.52
5.02
5.47
4.79
4.07
3.99
7.61
6.49
14.42
4.84
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 16 21 32 25 0 0 0 0 5
497,204 78,657 104,439 157,861 126,674 1,268 1,843 1,821 114 24,527
2003
Guyana - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 22 18 17 22 0 0 0 1 19
549,652 121,538 100,666 93,407 120,994 1,679 213 691 3,692 106,772
2004
2005 21 17 15 33 1 0 0 1 12
558,453 118,634 94,745 84,409 183,781 5,099 1,717 1,302 3,852 64,914
2005
2006 21 19 14 31 2 1 0 1 12
549,057 113,547 101,947 78,431 170,452 13,605 3,860 1,000 2,978 63,237
2006
2007 23 21 14 25 1 1 0 1 13
799,761 185,856 169,845 115,964 201,591 10,890 4,907 69 8,173 102,466
2007
2008 17 22 17 27 2 1 0 1 14
833,909 139,756 187,480 145,251 221,020 12,846 5,646 709 7,137 114,064
2008
2009 16 28 13 27 2 1 0 1 12
730,671 117,615 203,502 97,830 197,918 12,602 5,812 981 6,983 87,428
2009
2010 22 18 22 24 2 1 0 1 10
939,352 204,802 173,489 202,586 222,212 16,649 8,152 884 12,157 98,421
2010
2011 26 20 22 21 1 1 0 1 8
1,048,216 271,257 210,979 232,626 219,667 7,554 13,185 1,026 9,412 82,510
2011
2012 30 8 29 23 2 0 0 1 6
1,020,611 310,321 84,768 294,836 231,943 20,324 4,016 481 9,990 63,932
2012
Change % 03-12 15 -13 -3 -3 2 0 0 1 1
8.3 16.5 -2.3 7.2 7.0 36.1 9.0 -13.7 64.4 11.2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
245
246
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 46 3 40 0 10 0
497,204 229,004 16,804 201,343 30 48,246 1,777
2003
Guyana - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 46 5 39 0 9 0
549,652 251,982 29,254 215,871 97 52,032 416
2004
2005 53 6 31 0 10 0
558,453 297,730 35,986 170,908 40 53,258 531
2005
2006 53 9 30 0 7 0
549,057 290,704 49,848 167,366 14 40,984 141
2006
2007 42 6 37 0 15 …
799,761 338,652 44,634 292,628 107 123,740 …
2007
2008 41 4 50 0 5 …
833,909 338,173 37,507 414,772 10 43,447 …
2008
2009 42 4 49 0 5 …
730,671 306,822 31,032 357,706 34 35,077 …
2009
2010 43 6 47 0 5 …
939,362 404,430 52,279 437,578 5 45,070 …
2010
2011 41 4 46 0 9 …
1,048,216 434,042 38,226 484,040 8 91,900 …
2011
2012 50 3 41 … 7 …
1,020,611 505,517 27,179 415,613 … 72,302 …
2012
Change % 03-12 3 -1 0 … -3 …
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 8.3 9.2 5.5 8.4 … 4.6 …
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Guyana - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
71 10 17 26 3 44 22 86 72 62
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Precious metals and stones Cereals Sugars and sugar confectionary Ores, slag & ash Fish and crustaceans Wood & articles of wood Beverages, spirits and vinegar Railway cars and locomotives Iron and steel Woven apparel Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 934,715 100.0 267,076 28.6 150,590 16.1 150,171 16.1 149,531 16.0 58,163 6.2 51,536 5.5 34,259 3.7 21,892 2.3 4,840 0.5 4,332 0.5 892,390 95.5
Source: INTradeBID.
247
248
2003 100 36 34 4 1 1 25
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 497,204 177,875 167,423 21,028 4,951 2,806 123,121
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 26 50 3 2 1 19
2004 549,652 143,695 273,579 17,396 10,027 3,153 101,802 2005 100 27 50 3 2 1 17
2005 558,453 152,526 277,332 14,886 12,356 5,437 95,916
Guyana - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 30 50 3 1 1 15
2006 549,057 166,446 277,259 16,435 4,835 3,178 80,904 2007 100 31 37 2 3 2 25
2007 799,761 245,991 299,271 15,856 22,789 16,082 199,772 2008 100 45 30 1 1 1 23
2008 833,909 374,854 246,900 11,430 5,278 4,952 190,495 2009 100 37 31 1 1 1 29
2009 730,671 272,631 224,312 10,128 5,536 4,043 214,021 2010 100 43 27 2 1 1 27
2010 939,362 405,176 252,714 15,101 6,261 5,187 254,923
2011 100 35 28 1 5 1 30
2011 1,048,216 363,665 290,718 15,404 52,732 7,464 318,233
2012 100 43 27 1 5 0 24
2012 1,020,611 441,939 279,977 6,074 45,961 2,612 244,048
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Guyana - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Guyana - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
Description
49.3
11
Beverages
Description
0.98141
IIT
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
24.4
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.76353
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
13.5
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.61926
24
Cork and wood
10
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.60789
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
7.27
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.59758
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
6.16
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.56538
11
Beverages
5.74
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.5532
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
3.08
73
Metalworking machinery
0.52227 0.43299
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
1.26
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
1.05
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.42391
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.73
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.42278
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.61
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.37103
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.61
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.34561
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.54
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.24811
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.3
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.21029
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.29
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.1821
73
Metalworking machinery
0.21
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.16222
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.19
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.1368
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.14
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.12689
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.14
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.1234
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.11
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.1031
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.11
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.09559
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.1
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.09137
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.1
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.09076
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.09
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.05642
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.08
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.05363
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.07
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.05152
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.06
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.04662
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.05
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.0459
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.03
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.04534
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.03
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.04102
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.03
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.03572
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.03
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.0338
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.03
85
Footwear
0.03242
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.02
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.03237
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.02
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.03216
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.02
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.03104
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.02
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.02971
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.02471
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.02
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.02371
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.02
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.02205
85
Footwear
0.02
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.02183
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.01
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02042
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.0198
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
79
Other transport equipment
0.01501
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.01
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.01345
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.01
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.00721
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01
24
Cork and wood
0.00713
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.01
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.00694
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.00558
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0
51
Organic chemicals
0.00532
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
67
Iron and steel
0.00188
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.00116
51
Organic chemicals
0
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.00045
52
Inorganic chemicals
0
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.00018
25
Pulp and waste paper
0
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.00003
1
Meat and meat preparations
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0
79
Other transport equipment
0
67
Iron and steel
0
Source: INTradeBID.
Source: INTradeBID.
249
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Guyana - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
250
2003 0.58 1.25 … 1.76 0.41 0.55 0.76 0.77 0.33 0.64 … 0.35 0.61 0.42 — … 1.01 2.82 0.39 0.32 0.34 0.22 0.41 … 1.17 1.72 1.13 0.77 1.17 0.80 1.17 0.80 1.45 1.00
2004 0.57 0.45 1.49 2.19 2.19 0.58 0.50 0.73 0.42 0.82 … 0.39 0.62 0.50 — … 1.03 2.53 0.43 0.23 0.36 0.25 1.21 … 1.17 1.14 0.84 0.86 0.93 0.86 1.23 0.64 1.24 0.93
2005 0.55 0.45 1.36 1.96 0.43 0.72 0.34 0.78 0.45 0.74 … 0.42 0.74 0.46 — … 1.12 2.70 0.42 0.30 0.62 0.27 1.77 … 1.48 1.40 0.61 0.80 1.18 0.90 1.17 0.72 0.84 1.19
2006 0.60 0.43 … 2.11 0.67 0.57 0.41 0.69 0.83 0.71 1.72 0.26 0.76 0.50 — … 1.14 3.04 0.55 1.12 0.52 0.38 1.28 … 1.26 1.34 0.43 0.89 1.16 0.85 1.12 0.68 0.80 1.12
2007 0.69 0.73 … 2.76 0.76 0.70 0.45 0.80 0.71 0.93 1.17 0.43 0.85 0.64 — … 0.98 2.37 0.63 2.00 0.77 0.37 1.01 … 1.21 1.09 0.83 0.75 1.64 0.84 0.87 0.73 0.72 1.18
2008 0.58 1.47 … 1.98 0.55 0.95 0.32 0.68 0.44 0.58 0.71 0.34 0.72 0.52 — … 1.08 1.80 0.47 2.26 0.64 0.17 0.77 … 0.81 0.53 0.62 0.73 2.06 0.78 0.74 1.01 0.58 1.27
2009 0.57 1.35 … 1.95 0.40 0.71 0.32 0.81 0.46 0.60 0.85 0.32 0.81 0.45 — … 1.01 2.30 0.51 1.35 0.31 0.18 0.62 … 0.90 0.70 0.62 0.72 1.90 0.70 0.73 0.70 0.63 1.05
2010 0.56 1.07 … 2.20 0.51 0.52 0.44 0.59 0.34 0.65 0.79 0.29 0.83 0.57 — … 1.15 2.58 0.49 1.80 0.95 0.21 0.69 … 1.03 0.61 … 0.67 1.84 0.62 0.63 0.68 0.54 1.28
2011 0.51 0.88 … 1.45 0.46 0.93 0.28 0.65 0.38 0.46 0.68 0.34 0.65 0.44 — … 0.93 2.11 0.47 1.28 0.44 0.03 0.78 1.83 … 0.73 0.88 0.66 1.83 0.61 0.54 0.54 0.51 1.20
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
14
15
16
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Stone/Glassware
13
21
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Textiles
11
Arms/Munitions
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
19
Animal Hides/Skins
8
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Plastics/Rubber
7
Precision Instruments
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
17
Mineral Products
5
18
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
3
Vegetable Products
4
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
167
24
229
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
Guyana - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
143
21
116
75
210
161
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
243
51
51
313
35
263
312
17
43
22
19
16
15
49
17
18
20
13
15
20
15
13
14
14
28
38
28
29
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
20
70
50
45
45
20
60
25
20
20
20
20
20
30
40
25
25
100
40
40
45
Maximum Tariff
97
10
28
11
5
77
12
14
41
358
35
17
30
3
6
2
2
34
32
161
1
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
4
1
9
16
36
12
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
63
8
8
25
3
50
56
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
25
20
20
20
15
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Median Tariff
20
70
10
10
20
20
50
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
20
40
40
40
Mode
5.21
26.67
17.20
14.95
9.42
5.74
15.97
6.84
4.12
1.73
8.73
3.51
0.00
5.45
8.87
7.13
7.13
27.01
5.68
16.39
16.60
Standard Deviation
24
3
113
121
659
551
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
694
136
136
46
18
119
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
251
252 2003 29 0 49 15 0 1 1 0 5
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
1,322,932 380,095 3,812 652,764 195,775 2,676 15,920 6,731 1,144 64,015
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Honduras - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 26 1 53 14 1 1 0 0 5
1,631,353 425,333 9,023 857,839 231,214 8,451 13,618 3,445 193 82,237
2004
2005 26 1 51 14 1 1 1 0 6
1,961,357 502,689 12,027 1,006,542 267,794 17,539 16,278 13,068 1,013 124,407
2005
2006 26 0 50 14 1 1 1 0 7
2,262,410 577,754 10,208 1,129,249 323,343 17,614 21,197 21,958 7,277 153,810
2006
2007 30 0 45 15 1 1 1 0 6
2,677,691 800,809 7,556 1,211,158 399,544 31,966 20,156 35,350 3,276 167,876
2007
2008 37 0 40 12 1 1 0 0 8
3,209,524 1,188,122 12,636 1,291,410 395,899 33,868 26,938 11,875 3,212 245,564
2008
2009 30 0 41 17 2 1 2 0 7
2,594,964 776,929 11,784 1,055,303 437,514 51,991 19,489 53,040 917 187,997
2009
2010 30 0 39 17 3 1 2 0 8
3,103,524 940,058 11,932 1,197,103 534,979 101,038 24,534 49,135 969 243,776
2010
2011 27 1 35 21 3 1 2 0 10
3,533,302 967,588 27,903 1,228,417 730,157 90,901 45,641 80,482 2,309 359,904
2011
2012 20 1 45 20 2 1 1 0 9
4,754,224 953,538 27,037 2,163,111 963,321 118,325 41,337 64,779 16,255 406,521
2012
Change % 03-12 -9 0 -4 5 2 0 1 0 4
15.3 10.8 24.3 14.2 19.4 52.4 11.2 28.6 34.3 22.8
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 56 3 7 0 34 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
1,631,353 875,126 48,915 108,119 1,532 597,045 616
1,322,932 738,565 43,481 93,554 1,938 443,563 1831
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 54 3 7 0 37 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Honduras - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 52 3 6 0 38 0
1,961,357 1,021,273 53,221 127,269 7,954 749,337 2303
2005
2006 50 3 9 2 37 0
2,262,410 1,122,463 56,932 204,421 39,269 838,110 1215
2006
2007 48 2 10 5 32 2
2,677,691 1,291,197 58,059 265,388 143,775 862,931 56341
2007
2008 48 2 8 10 30 2
3,209,524 1,544,668 55,664 263,325 327,768 961,920 56179
2008
2009 55 2 10 6 26 2
2,594,964 1,434,143 39,194 246,734 160,307 669,633 44953
2009
2010 54 1 12 8 24 1
3,103,524 1,679,417 39,438 357,550 250,534 741,568 35017
2010
2011 65 1 10 4 20 0
3,533,302 2,292,957 38,112 356,818 145,195 697,809 2411
2011
2012 54 1 7 4 29 5
4,754,224 2,567,681 45,104 335,560 170,628 1,386,556 248695
2012
Change % 03-12 -2 -2 0 3 -4 5
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 15.3 14.8 0.4 15.2 64.5 13.5 72.6
Annex: Country Tables
253
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Honduras - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Source: INTradeBID.
254
9 8 85 15 3 27 71 39 24 26
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible fruits and nuts Electrical machinery Animal or veg. fats & oils Fish and crustaceans Mineral fuels and oils Precious metals and stones Plastics & articles thereof Tobacco Ores, slag & ash Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 3,496,504 100.0 958,079 27.4 307,642 8.8 272,614 7.8 214,686 6.1 206,106 5.9 181,794 5.2 179,317 5.1 98,349 2.8 95,376 2.7 79,078 2.3 2,593,039 74.2
2003 100 47 20 12 15 2 3
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 1,322,932 624,118 265,427 161,550 202,966 27,841 41,030
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 48 17 12 20 2 2
2004 1,631,353 775,567 269,650 197,275 324,549 27,608 36,704 2005 100 46 17 12 20 3 2
2005 1,961,357 900,391 335,940 238,935 391,028 58,371 36,692
Honduras - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 47 16 11 22 1 3
2006 2,262,410 1,057,427 372,597 245,727 494,154 29,465 63,040 2007 100 49 17 10 18 1 4
2007 2,677,691 1,313,844 458,270 257,906 492,910 37,999 116,762 2008 100 50 18 10 16 1 5
2008 3,209,524 1,594,533 593,714 316,899 508,739 47,828 147,811 2009 100 51 19 9 13 1 8
2009 2,594,964 1,314,117 482,900 222,110 339,341 37,940 198,556 2010 100 55 17 8 12 1 7
2010 3,103,524 1,707,039 524,358 241,262 385,588 30,042 215,235
2011 100 61 15 7 10 1 6
2011 3,533,302 2,161,262 543,635 229,692 367,108 18,295 213,310
2012 100 44 21 7 17 1 9
2012 4,754,224 2,092,719 1,011,726 347,064 827,023 24,330 451,362
Annex: Country Tables
255
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Honduras - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Honduras - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
Description
58.61
63
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
9.04
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
8.55
5
Vegetables and fruit
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
IIT 0.80784
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.76567
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.73703
8.42
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.69895
5.92
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.68525
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
5.69
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.66305
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
4.81
51
Organic chemicals
0.64295
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
2.79
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.63504
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
2.11
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.60494
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.96
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.57441
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
1.68
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.55932
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.55
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.50109
24
Cork and wood
1.34
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.49548
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
1.31
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.46672
52
Inorganic chemicals
1.24
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.45352
1
Meat and meat preparations
1.22
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.42665
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
1.19
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.41896
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
1.15
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.38868
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
1.08
24
Cork and wood
0.36795 0.34457
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.97
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.86
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.3244
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.84
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.30666 0.29222
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.71
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.7
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.6
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.27672 0.27283 0.26845
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.59
43
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.49
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.47
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.24656
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.44
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.22022
0.25247
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.39
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.21987
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.35
67
Iron and steel
0.20864
67
Iron and steel
0.34
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.1934
51
Organic chemicals
0.33
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.18549
11
Beverages
0.29
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.17501
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.27
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.16661
85
Footwear
0.25
85
Footwear
0.16372
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.22
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.15512
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.19
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.14692
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.18
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.14564
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.18
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.14563
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.18
11
Beverages
0.13466
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.13
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.11425
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.13
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.09969
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.09
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.08833
41
Animal oils and fats
0.08
79
Other transport equipment
0.08413
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.07
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.07371
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.05
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.06774
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.05
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.06364
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.05
73
Metalworking machinery
0.05879
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.04
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.04905
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.02
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.03294
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.02
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02835
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.02
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.02704
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.02585
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.02
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.02233
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.01
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.02218
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.01482
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.0093
73
Metalworking machinery
0.01
41
Animal oils and fats
0.00572
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.00331
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.01
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.00321
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.00237
79
Other transport equipment
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
Source: INTradeBID.
256
Description Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
Source: INTradeBID.
0
Annex: Country Tables
Honduras - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 0.82 0.91 … 1.65 1.36 0.96 0.49 0.71 0.67 0.75 … 0.86 1.59 0.87 1.40 … — 1.10 0.88 1.61 1.06 1.18 0.72 … 0.65 0.98 0.85 0.96 1.11 1.24 1.58 0.63 0.74 0.68
2004 0.87 0.84 1.63 1.65 1.65 1.06 0.52 0.79 0.72 0.80 … 0.92 1.67 0.95 1.53 … — 1.01 0.97 1.50 1.06 0.93 0.76 … 0.61 0.90 0.88 0.97 1.18 1.24 1.51 0.61 0.71 0.68
2005 0.86 0.79 1.57 1.32 1.38 1.08 0.53 0.91 0.79 0.75 … 0.91 1.62 1.09 1.39 … — 1.03 0.95 1.52 0.99 0.92 0.82 … 0.69 0.92 0.73 0.98 1.16 1.25 1.48 0.59 0.69 0.67
2006 0.87 0.76 … 1.45 1.57 0.95 0.56 0.88 0.75 0.78 1.23 0.82 1.60 1.06 1.25 … — 1.12 1.01 1.49 1.02 0.70 0.69 … 0.62 0.84 0.69 0.99 1.18 1.24 1.49 0.63 0.80 0.69
2007 0.86 0.77 … 1.63 1.50 0.89 0.61 1.21 0.61 0.77 1.53 0.79 1.74 1.32 1.48 … — 0.98 0.95 1.61 0.94 0.86 0.66 … 0.59 0.95 0.64 1.00 1.19 1.24 1.54 0.74 0.95 0.68
2008 0.85 0.67 … 1.29 1.38 0.77 0.70 1.14 0.64 0.70 2.10 0.72 1.99 1.65 1.61 … — 0.96 0.89 1.78 0.99 0.86 0.72 … 0.58 0.74 0.82 1.01 1.08 1.19 1.57 0.71 1.02 0.74
2009 0.78 0.74 … 1.38 1.49 0.76 0.62 0.90 0.83 0.76 1.63 0.95 1.99 1.40 1.29 … — 1.07 0.76 1.55 0.87 0.80 0.63 … 0.62 0.86 0.74 1.02 1.21 1.19 1.40 0.68 0.88 0.74
2010 0.75 0.68 … 1.52 1.52 0.74 0.62 0.97 0.78 0.83 1.82 0.66 1.95 1.52 1.19 … — 1.20 0.74 1.45 0.84 0.72 0.59 … 0.67 0.87 … 0.99 1.22 1.17 1.44 0.65 1.00 0.75
2011 0.66 0.62 … 1.00 1.35 0.72 0.49 0.83 0.91 0.89 1.28 1.06 1.58 1.15 1.01 … — 0.95 0.56 1.29 0.71 0.04 0.51 1.12 … 0.78 1.04 1.07 1.28 1.16 1.16 0.45 0.82 0.69
Source: INTradeBID.
257
258
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
3
Vegetable Products
4
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
169
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
918
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
Total Tariff Lines
Honduras - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
169
21
234
233
978
699
54
54
175
64
917
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
11
13
4
6
2
3
7
7
6
13
10
5
9
8
4
2
3
12
8
11
14
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
164
15
152
164
Maximum Tariff
93
16
36
31
94
62
12
12
57
48
326
27
28
33
25
55
11
1
21
6
4
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
28
5
150
51
803
470
15
15
80
3
116
148
27
19
149
908
119
36
11
145
45
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
15
0
5
0
0
5
5
5
15
10
0
10
10
5
0
0
15
5
13
15
Median Tariff
15
15
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
15
15
0
10
15
0
0
0
15
15
15
15
Mode
5.68
4.36
5.73
4.69
4.77
5.00
5.61
5.61
6.65
4.26
5.09
5.52
5.02
5.47
4.78
4.05
4.51
11.28
5.87
18.79
16.00
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 6 16 29 31 8 2 0 0 9
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
1,194,318 71,222 192,405 341,087 365,336 96,585 25,192 180 180 102,131
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Jamaica - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 5 19 21 32 12 2 0 0 8
1,411,498 75,810 268,018 303,037 447,625 166,207 34,836 62 498 115,405
2004
2005 5 19 26 24 7 1 0 0 19
1,514,251 68,823 293,840 386,382 359,127 107,486 15,540 113 1,094 281,846
2005
2006 4 16 30 24 15 1 0 0 9
1,988,581 74,989 309,429 604,207 481,585 300,584 28,722 142 1,235 187,688
2006
2007 3 15 37 26 3 1 0 0 14
2,223,757 74,542 333,298 826,716 578,046 69,601 28,119 353 2,970 310,112
2007
2008 4 11 40 27 0 1 0 0 16
2,430,151 95,940 259,093 978,201 667,035 1,526 23,656 923 9,340 394,437
2008
2009 7 10 49 17 1 3 0 1 12
1,315,828 94,631 131,618 648,079 220,295 17,144 37,323 547 7,209 158,982
2009
2010 6 12 49 13 0 1 1 1 15
1,337,197 83,992 164,862 659,602 171,968 1,798 15,758 17,333 18,211 203,673
2010
2011 6 16 52 16 1 1 0 1 7
1,616,754 92,049 261,221 836,662 263,738 21,338 13,517 1,908 12,097 114,224
2011
2012 7 7 48 20 1 1 0 0 16
1,642,018 113,315 120,381 785,993 334,238 11,069 10,704 913 1,706 263,699
2012
Change % 03-12 1 -9 19 -10 -7 -1 0 0 8
3.6 5.3 -5.1 9.7 -1.0 -21.4 -9.1 19.8 28.4 11.1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
259
260 2003 23 0 66 0 9 2
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
1,411,498 310,374 1,808 928,666 33,642 137,008 0
1,194,318 270,515 1,742 785,433 6 107,573 29,049
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 22 0 66 2 10 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Jamaica - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 17 0 69 7 7 0
1,514,251 260,361 1,865 1,037,953 111,328 102,739 5
2005
2006 17 0 63 14 7 0
1,988,581 329,199 1,958 1,257,356 268,646 131,422 0
2006
2007 15 0 62 15 8 0
2,223,757 340,804 1,487 1,387,683 326,606 167,177 0
2007
2008 14 0 56 18 11 0
2,430,151 350,026 1,666 1,370,964 432,926 274,569 0
2008
2009 26 0 36 16 22 0
1,315,828 338,940 2,020 467,536 213,844 289,746 3,742
2009
2010 23 0 42 22 12 1
1,337,197 312,822 3,126 565,771 291,310 157,156 7,012
2010
2011 21 0 47 23 8 0
1,616,754 344,698 2,338 766,240 372,086 124,361 7,031
2011
2012 22 0 40 24 13 0
1,642,018 368,180 2,096 663,670 387,742 219,719 611
2012
Change % 03-12 0 0 -25 24 4 -2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 3.6 3.5 2.1 -1.9 242.4 8.3 -34.9
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Jamaica - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
28 27 22 26 17 9 7 20 21 71
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Inorganic chemicals Mineral fuels and oils Beverages, spirits and vinegar Ores, slag & ash Sugars and sugar confectionary Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible vegetables and roots Preparations of vegetables Misc. edible preparations Precious metals and stones Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 1,477,949 100.0 471,388 31.9 316,260 21.4 206,386 14.0 121,136 8.2 70,932 4.8 29,605 2.0 25,719 1.7 24,199 1.6 21,168 1.4 20,778 1.4 1,307,572 88.5
Source: INTradeBID.
261
262
2003 100 74 16 2 4 1 3
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 1,194,318 881,444 193,358 24,267 52,018 12,760 30,471
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 73 19 2 5 1 0
2004 1,411,498 1,026,206 267,133 25,899 74,089 16,900 1,271 2005 100 73 22 1 3 1 0
2005 1,514,251 1,100,705 328,487 22,481 50,508 11,047 1,023
Jamaica - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 68 26 1 3 1 0
2006 1,988,581 1,352,687 526,831 25,849 65,333 16,535 1,346 2007 100 66 27 1 5 1 0
2007 2,223,757 1,475,151 604,816 18,876 103,001 20,384 1,529 2008 100 60 31 1 8 1 0
2008 2,430,151 1,455,228 742,416 17,295 196,806 16,969 1,437 2009 100 42 37 2 16 2 1
2009 1,315,828 555,756 490,529 30,958 210,458 20,690 7,437 2010 100 48 40 2 6 2 2
2010 1,337,197 639,461 539,802 24,216 81,953 21,370 30,395
2011 100 51 39 1 3 2 3
2011 1,616,754 831,809 635,368 19,826 45,062 35,195 49,494
2012 100 44 41 1 12 0 3
2012 1,642,018 729,511 665,574 9,467 192,367 1,468 43,631
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Jamaica - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Jamaica - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
Description
19.24
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
Description
IIT
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
11.93
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
11
Beverages
11.84
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.85441
35
Electric current
5.54
79
Other transport equipment
0.81111
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
4.18
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.80087
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
3.05
11
Beverages
0.76588
1 0.86921
5
Vegetables and fruit
2.81
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.72132
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
1.95
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.44834
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.15
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.42636
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.07
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.27432
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.94
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.25874
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.92
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.23798
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.87
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.18625
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.85
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.17414
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.85
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.17287
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.54
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.16889
51
Organic chemicals
0.42
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.16443
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.35
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.14512
79
Other transport equipment
0.34
73
Metalworking machinery
0.14406
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.28
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.13909
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.27
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.13109
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.27
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.12956
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.23
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.12942
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.22
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.12459
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.2
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.11335
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.18
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.09832
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.18
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.09035
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.16
51
Organic chemicals
0.08674
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.16
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.07711
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.13
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.07207
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.12
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.06643
43 82
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s. Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.1
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.06391
0.09
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.05909
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.09
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.05397
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.08
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.05278
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.08
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.05068
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.07
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.04772
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.06
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.04537
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.04
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.04188
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.04
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.03626
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.04
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.03528
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.04
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.03457
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.03
43
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.03
26
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.03
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.02111
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.0205
73
Metalworking machinery
0.02
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.0178
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.02
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01667
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.02
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.01238
24
Cork and wood
0.01
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.01027
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.00636
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.01
85
Footwear
0.00594
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.01
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.00501
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.00456
85
Footwear
0.01
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.00316
67
Iron and steel
0
24
Cork and wood
0.0029
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.00287
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s. Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.02881 0.02557
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0
67
Iron and steel
0.00124
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.00022
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0
0
Source: INTradeBID.
Source: INTradeBID.
263
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Jamaica - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
264
2003 0.65 5.89 … 1.03 0.60 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.54 0.25 … 0.64 0.57 0.40 0.74 … 0.48 — 0.36 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.35 … 0.52 0.82 1.29 0.69 2.89 0.76 0.52 2.80 0.46 0.48
2004 0.72 4.21 0.96 1.07 1.07 0.45 0.46 0.51 0.51 0.30 … 0.59 0.59 0.50 0.65 … 0.54 — 0.35 0.44 0.48 0.45 0.60 … 0.60 0.68 0.76 0.62 2.54 0.82 0.52 2.93 0.62 0.56
2005 0.62 3.49 0.99 1.08 0.85 0.53 0.54 0.42 0.46 0.36 … 0.56 0.65 0.59 1.01 … 0.74 — 0.34 0.49 0.62 0.56 0.53 … 0.58 0.56 0.44 0.67 2.94 0.77 0.46 3.20 0.47 0.61
2006 0.67 3.22 … 1.24 1.26 0.64 0.61 0.48 0.52 0.46 0.37 0.65 0.93 0.86 1.35 … 1.04 — 0.40 0.65 0.83 0.68 0.57 … 0.56 0.64 0.34 0.68 2.79 0.77 0.45 2.78 0.56 0.75
2007 0.74 2.88 … 0.82 1.24 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.51 0.52 0.68 0.65 0.88 0.96 1.33 … 1.04 — 0.47 0.65 0.92 0.74 0.50 … 0.56 0.73 0.37 0.79 2.92 0.79 0.48 2.32 0.54 0.80
2008 0.86 3.73 … 1.36 1.16 0.79 0.63 0.76 0.64 0.59 0.71 0.65 1.35 1.00 1.58 … 1.14 — 0.55 0.74 0.97 0.81 0.53 … 0.75 0.72 0.42 0.86 3.13 0.85 0.51 2.36 0.56 0.84
2009 0.91 3.13 … 1.59 1.38 1.02 0.62 0.89 0.77 0.77 0.92 0.77 1.35 1.30 1.92 … 1.33 — 0.70 0.99 1.11 1.01 0.59 … 1.10 0.97 0.63 0.87 2.43 0.92 0.64 1.68 0.76 1.01
2010 0.85 2.59 … 1.29 1.60 1.09 0.62 0.79 0.72 0.83 1.03 1.01 1.02 1.35 1.97 … 1.60 — 0.64 1.00 1.33 1.00 0.60 … 0.61 0.74 … 0.84 2.31 0.82 0.55 1.33 0.60 0.97
2011 0.80 2.81 … 1.74 1.48 1.03 0.54 0.66 0.64 0.77 0.91 0.79 0.86 1.14 1.64 … 1.35 — 0.59 0.77 1.17 0.08 0.50 4.44 … 0.83 0.50 0.82 2.53 0.76 0.46 1.15 0.50 0.90
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
13
14
15
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
21
Textiles
11
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Arms/Munitions
Animal Hides/Skins
8
Precision Instruments
Plastics/Rubber
7
19
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
18
Mineral Products
5
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
16
Vegetable Products
17
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
8
167
24
229
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
Jamaica - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
8
143
21
116
75
210
161
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
243
51
313
35
263
312
20
17
24
17
16
16
15
27
16
18
20
14
15
20
15
13
12
20
38
28
27
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
20
20
30
30
30
30
20
30
25
20
20
20
20
20
30
40
25
40
40
40
40
Maximum Tariff
8
97
10
23
11
8
77
32
3
41
358
36
17
30
2
6
2
33
32
164
190
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
8
4
1
9
16
36
12
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
64
8
27
3
52
62
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
20
25
20
20
20
15
30
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Median Tariff
20
20
30
10
10
20
20
30
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Mode
0.00
5.21
7.35
9.23
10.65
8.37
5.74
8.52
6.24
4.12
1.73
8.76
3.51
0.00
5.25
8.93
6.19
10.10
5.68
16.56
17.29
Standard Deviation
0
24
3
113
121
659
551
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
694
136
46
18
119
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
265
266
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2003 3 2 89 3 0 0 0 0 3
2004 3 1 89 3 0 0 0 0 3
2005 4 2 86 4 1 1 0 0 3
2006 5 2 85 4 1 1 0 0 2
2007 6 2 82 5 1 1 0 0 3
2008 7 2 80 6 1 1 0 0 3
2009 6 4 81 5 1 1 0 0 3
2010 7 4 80 5 1 1 0 0 2
2011 7 3 79 5 2 1 0 0 3
2012 8 3 78 6 2 1 0 0 3
165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 370,884,377 4,649,087 6,072,082 9,434,178 12,254,483 16,217,408 19,994,680 14,431,239 20,473,234 25,869,534 27,867,602 2,834,902 2,768,906 4,234,453 5,176,206 6,496,335 7,129,494 8,375,079 10,685,593 10,673,708 10,939,289 146,836,377 167,504,130 183,562,803 211,871,382 223,537,520 234,561,891 184,878,726 238,684,362 274,712,206 287,813,731 5,468,706 6,475,510 7,804,398 10,315,764 13,339,335 16,593,788 10,874,322 13,550,727 17,680,754 20,842,683 463,012 473,257 1,135,545 1,688,087 1,895,958 2,046,907 2,215,534 4,182,802 5,965,088 5,720,737 607,027 555,550 1,469,982 1,594,011 1,924,983 2,068,030 1,614,520 1,925,534 2,253,869 2,614,111 95,120 110,460 241,831 457,474 680,651 538,052 500,034 928,783 1,521,844 1,726,671 273,961 367,050 594,614 605,529 784,227 870,229 858,571 1,145,265 1,276,700 1,637,953 4,180,317 4,871,670 5,753,328 6,032,522 7,174,549 8,835,177 5,870,109 6,894,894 9,610,824 11,721,600
2003
Mexico - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
Change % 03-12 5 1 -11 2 1 0 0 0 1
9.4 22.0 16.2 7.8 16.0 32.2 17.6 38.0 22.0 12.1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2003 6 1 1 11 81 0
2004 5 1 2 12 80 0
2005 5 1 2 15 77 0
2006 5 0 3 15 76 0
2007 6 0 3 16 75 0
2008 6 0 4 17 73 0
2009 7 0 4 13 75 1
2010 6 0 5 14 74 1
2011 6 0 6 16 71 1
2012 6 0 6 14 73 1
165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 370,884,377 9,130,899 10,316,348 11,482,239 13,472,818 15,016,608 17,010,678 14,929,616 17,829,329 21,646,828 21,426,486 846,789 998,509 1,074,875 995,489 970,684 1,064,964 788,780 1,060,481 1,302,197 1,411,333 2,160,030 3,250,139 4,276,026 7,079,580 9,147,163 10,498,225 9,808,299 14,628,675 21,546,409 21,973,819 18,517,901 23,515,424 31,886,079 38,635,759 42,544,992 50,782,022 30,300,407 41,082,455 55,570,205 51,185,067 134,651,174 151,001,368 164,973,505 189,073,120 203,999,706 212,721,251 172,404,417 222,307,255 247,060,750 269,423,218 101,716 116,827 538,408 738,692 371,813 561,108 1,386,615 1,562,999 2,438,138 5,464,454
2003
Mexico - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
Change % 03-12 0 0 5 3 -9 1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 9.4 9.9 5.8 29.4 12.0 8.0 55.7
Annex: Country Tables
267
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Mexico - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
85 87 27 84 71 90 39 94 7 73
Source: INTradeBID.
268
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Electrical machinery Vehicles Mineral fuels and oils Machinery and appliances Precious metals and stones Precision instruments Plastics & articles thereof Furniture Edible vegetables and roots Articles of iron or steel Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 312,134,558 100.0 69,484,984 22.3 54,652,584 17.5 44,806,074 14.4 43,203,265 13.8 10,488,113 3.4 10,347,120 3.3 6,120,889 2.0 5,724,332 1.8 4,545,229 1.5 4,199,957 1.3 253,572,547 81.2
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 14 6 14 38 27 0
2004 100 16 6 14 37 27 0
2005 100 17 7 13 36 25 1
2006 100 18 8 11 37 25 1
2007 100 18 8 10 36 26 1
2008 100 20 8 10 35 26 2
2009 100 16 8 10 35 28 3
2010 100 17 8 9 37 26 3
2011 100 19 9 9 38 22 3
2012 100 18 8 9 39 23 4
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 165,408,509 189,198,615 214,231,132 249,995,458 272,050,966 292,638,248 229,618,134 298,471,194 349,564,527 370,884,377 23,490,448 29,471,765 37,217,276 45,206,326 50,083,526 57,495,118 37,178,797 50,007,589 67,587,921 65,962,520 10,150,273 12,244,887 15,311,501 19,061,298 21,259,537 24,591,213 19,043,873 24,453,292 31,229,188 29,347,847 23,845,804 26,403,412 27,949,815 28,188,235 28,481,270 28,809,393 23,562,648 27,082,951 29,936,688 32,552,463 62,519,691 69,893,706 78,009,472 91,276,225 97,518,472 101,751,358 79,297,203 111,193,487 131,354,689 144,684,972 44,699,310 50,379,500 53,824,435 63,648,936 71,607,927 75,473,797 64,477,340 77,578,768 78,365,270 83,960,391 702,983 805,345 1,918,633 2,614,438 3,100,234 4,517,369 6,058,273 8,155,107 11,090,771 14,376,184
Mexico - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
Annex: Country Tables
269
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Mexico - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Mexico - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
Description
3.02
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.99045
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
2.23
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.98826
5
Vegetables and fruit
1.99
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.98485
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
1.86
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.97054
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
1.84
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.92863
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
1.65
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.92758
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
1.63
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.91502
11
Beverages
1.59
27
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
1.52
77
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
1.49
76
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
IIT
0.88905 0.86775
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.86059 0.82778
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
1.43
79
Other transport equipment
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
1.27
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.80648
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
1.22
85
Footwear
0.75783
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
1.18
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.75416
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.93
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.75407
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.92
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.74944
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.87
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.74363
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.82
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.74344
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.8
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.7357
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.73
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.72981
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.69
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.72491
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.68
67
Iron and steel
0.72197
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.68
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.71392
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.63
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.70589
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.59
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.68509
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.55
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.68407
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.5
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.64673
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.5
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.62313
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.49
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.61474
67
Iron and steel
0.48
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.58321
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.43
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.55355
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.41
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.53505
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.41
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.52685
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.39
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.52297
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.39
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.52094
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.37
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.52037
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.35
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.48775
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.35
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.4652
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.35
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.43707
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.34
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.43645
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.33
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.43045
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.31
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.42517
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.3
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.41796
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.28
51
Organic chemicals
0.39946
51
Organic chemicals
0.27
11
Beverages
0.38796
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.27
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.37359
35
Electric current
0.26
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.34567
79
Other transport equipment
0.26
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.30215
41
Animal oils and fats
0.24
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.30056
85
Footwear
0.21
24
Cork and wood
0.29658
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.17
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.2725
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.15
35
Electric current
0.2583
73
Metalworking machinery
0.14
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.25136
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.12
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.23774
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.12
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.21984
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.11
73
Metalworking machinery
0.19492
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.08
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.17184
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.07
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.15135
24
Cork and wood
0.07
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.13595
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.07
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.12831
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.07
41
Animal oils and fats
0.11657
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.05
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.05963
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.02
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.0532
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.01
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.0335
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.01
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.01776
Source: INTradeBID.
270
Description
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Mexico - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 1.04 0.87 … 1.07 1.08 0.82 0.88 1.07 0.86 0.87 … 1.09 0.95 0.90 1.01 … 0.91 1.02 — 1.08 0.98 0.80 0.95 … 1.17 0.91 0.93 1.22 1.24 1.04 0.98 0.80 0.88 0.89
2004 1.02 0.97 0.97 1.11 1.11 0.87 0.90 1.10 0.87 0.84 … 1.04 0.96 0.90 0.95 … 1.01 0.89 — 1.10 0.93 1.00 0.97 … 1.04 0.99 1.00 1.20 1.24 1.05 0.97 0.79 0.88 0.87
2005 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.98 0.90 0.87 0.92 1.12 0.96 0.84 … 1.03 0.96 0.90 0.79 … 0.91 0.84 — 1.09 0.93 0.99 1.01 … 1.22 1.05 1.16 1.19 1.24 1.04 0.95 0.77 0.90 0.87
2006 1.05 1.05 … 0.98 0.93 0.91 0.91 1.15 1.03 0.85 0.99 1.01 0.97 0.93 0.83 … 0.92 0.96 — 1.07 0.96 1.16 1.07 … 1.24 1.06 1.25 1.23 1.26 1.05 0.94 0.76 0.90 0.84
2007 1.05 1.05 … 1.13 0.93 0.95 0.91 1.11 1.06 0.92 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.88 0.89 … 0.94 0.89 — 1.05 0.92 1.15 1.09 … 1.19 1.01 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.07 0.94 0.75 0.89 0.84
2008 1.04 1.05 … 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.93 1.07 1.05 0.90 0.98 1.03 0.91 0.87 0.77 … 0.93 0.87 — 1.02 0.98 1.18 1.09 … 1.18 1.02 1.06 1.28 1.24 1.06 0.92 0.78 0.86 0.86
2009 1.09 1.11 … 0.98 0.92 1.08 0.97 1.17 1.05 0.94 0.91 1.04 0.96 0.93 0.96 … 0.99 0.95 — 1.01 1.06 1.25 1.18 … 1.22 1.15 0.97 1.33 1.28 1.07 0.93 0.76 0.84 0.88
2010 1.10 1.20 … 1.07 0.86 1.05 0.98 1.28 1.15 0.94 0.94 1.09 0.91 0.96 0.88 … 0.95 0.94 — 1.06 1.03 1.33 1.25 … 1.21 1.21 … 1.31 1.37 1.05 0.97 0.76 0.83 0.87
2011 1.00 1.04 … 0.81 0.77 0.99 0.96 1.26 1.06 0.86 0.85 0.91 0.87 0.81 0.81 … 0.79 0.98 — 1.10 0.94 1.84 1.24 0.79 … 1.12 0.77 1.30 1.32 1.02 1.07 0.86 1.03 0.88
Source: INTradeBID.
271
272
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
14
243
33
453
402
2,480
1,272
65
311
104
1,255
318
186
124
566
2,859
211
341
69
468
333
Total Tariff Lines
Mexico - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
14
243
33
453
402
2,480
1,272
65
311
104
1,255
316
186
123
565
2,845
211
295
69
459
326
0
10
11
3
8
3
3
4
6
17
12
3
7
5
4
2
0
23
16
15
33
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
0
15
15
15
50
20
15
15
15
30
25
15
15
20
15
20
15
210
254
245
254
Maximum Tariff
14
129
21
38
17
4
184
16
102
21
120
20
67
29
89
4
1
4
2
1
2
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
14
63
2
319
194
1,849
953
43
159
15
159
182
63
92
343
2,251
204
8
14
100
37
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
0
15
15
0
5
0
0
0
0
15
10
0
5
0
0
0
0
20
10
10
20
Median Tariff
0
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
10
0
15
0
0
0
0
20
10
10
20
Mode
0.00
6.35
5.31
4.87
11.41
5.68
5.33
6.45
6.76
10.14
7.24
4.06
6.43
8.50
5.80
3.50
1.70
29.01
41.99
20.96
57.85
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
14
0
46
0
9
7
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 44 4 34 10 0 1 0 0 8
605,050 264,150 21,347 205,673 60,947 95 4,175 1,787 90 46,786
2003
Nicaragua - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 42 5 33 11 0 1 0 0 7
727,385 304,893 34,908 243,360 83,341 2,615 7,491 867 950 48,960
2004
2005 44 4 31 12 1 1 0 1 6
826,076 361,764 32,336 252,785 99,327 8,225 10,358 915 7,004 53,362
2005
2006 43 4 32 12 0 1 0 0 8
1,017,210 432,759 45,173 325,439 122,130 1,663 9,114 65 383 80,484
2006
2007 45 6 27 12 1 1 0 0 8
1,194,329 534,563 69,448 328,295 142,280 6,210 12,803 309 408 100,013
2007
2008 43 5 29 12 0 1 0 0 8
1,487,062 646,671 74,964 436,612 184,252 4,622 19,091 518 2,008 118,324
2008
2009 48 3 30 11 0 1 0 0 8
1,392,810 665,233 42,293 411,011 155,121 3,747 9,061 793 527 105,024
2009
2010 42 9 31 9 0 1 0 0 8
1,847,585 771,499 157,388 566,300 170,613 8,238 15,507 5,986 654 151,400
2010
2011 40 12 28 9 1 1 1 0 8
2,280,656 901,659 273,363 648,737 210,841 16,348 23,330 29,313 3,985 173,080
2011
2012 37 7 44 6 0 1 1 0 5
4,720,926 1,763,354 322,055 2,065,489 272,920 11,120 25,817 27,866 7,960 224,345
2012
Change % 03-12 -6 3 10 -4 0 0 0 0 -3
25.6 23.5 35.2 29.2 18.1 69.8 22.4 35.7 64.5 19.0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
273
274
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 79 2 6 1 12 0
605,050 475,679 12,275 38,939 6,305 69,886 1,966
2003
Nicaragua - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 80 2 7 1 10 0
727,385 578,891 12,270 52,133 7,992 75,290 809
2004
2005 80 2 6 2 10 0
826,076 659,080 17,476 52,544 12,432 84,042 502
2005
2006 82 1 7 1 9 0
1,017,210 830,239 12,541 73,930 13,352 86,687 461
2006
2007 81 1 8 1 10 0
1,194,329 961,977 13,914 90,680 10,105 117,074 579
2007
2008 80 1 8 1 10 0
1,487,062 1,193,912 12,714 113,271 15,786 150,668 711
2008
2009 81 1 8 1 9 0
1,392,810 1,133,227 11,452 110,012 11,367 125,956 796
2009
2010 78 1 14 1 6 0
1,847,585 1,433,848 19,980 254,633 22,712 115,572 840
2010
2011 75 1 18 1 5 0
2,280,656 1,717,453 30,834 403,639 15,538 112,435 757
2011
2012 49 1 10 1 39 0
4,720,926 2,329,013 35,886 473,984 49,940 1,830,553 1,550
2012
Change % 03-12 -29 -1 4 0 27 0
25.6 19.3 12.7 32.0 25.9 43.7 -2.6
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Nicaragua - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 2 71 62 3 17 4 61 85 12
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Coffee, tea, mate and spices Meat and edible meat offal Precious metals and stones Woven apparel Fish and crustaceans Sugars and sugar confectionary Dairy produce, eggs and honey Knitted apparel Electrical machinery Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 2,560,494 100.0 384,992 15.0 365,419 14.3 285,112 11.1 161,537 6.3 160,699 6.3 151,710 5.9 141,875 5.5 124,159 4.8 119,596 4.7 102,864 4.0 1,997,962 78.0
Source: INTradeBID.
275
276
2003 100 64 21 3 5 1 6
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 605,050 387,837 125,352 19,868 29,371 4,844 37,778
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 65 20 3 4 1 6
2004 727,385 475,606 142,716 22,907 31,785 7,128 47,243 2005 100 63 23 3 5 1 6
2005 826,076 520,580 188,751 22,773 41,130 7,186 45,656
Nicaragua - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 67 20 3 3 1 6
2006 1,017,210 680,303 202,912 32,186 33,568 7,953 60,288 2007 100 64 22 3 5 1 6
2007 1,194,329 766,321 260,295 34,374 56,470 9,374 67,495 2008 100 66 19 3 5 1 6
2008 1,487,062 986,266 277,217 40,228 75,944 12,229 95,178 2009 100 64 21 2 5 1 7
2009 1,392,810 894,154 285,709 27,520 75,817 11,921 97,689 2010 100 62 21 2 2 0 14
2010 1,847,585 1,136,801 380,221 29,792 39,028 8,281 253,462
2011 100 60 20 2 2 0 17
2011 2,280,656 1,362,488 451,914 38,251 39,121 9,962 378,920
2012 100 33 20 27 11 0 9
2012 4,720,926 1,549,731 921,097 1,287,969 504,049 16,568 441,512
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Nicaragua - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Nicaragua - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
Description
32.78
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
Description
0.97706
IIT
1
Meat and meat preparations
22.54
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.92978
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
22.4
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.82956
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
12.95
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.8225
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
11.25
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.78549
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
10.29
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.66728
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
8.97
11
Beverages
0.65052
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
6.38
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.60748
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
4.97
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.46197
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
4.69
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.4348
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
4.29
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.39775
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
3.22
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.37774
5
Vegetables and fruit
2.55
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.31723
11
Beverages
2.18
24
Cork and wood
0.30841
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
1.91
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.30208
24
Cork and wood
1.36
79
Other transport equipment
0.3006
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
1.08
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.28169
41
Animal oils and fats
1.06
51
Organic chemicals
0.27064
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.04
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.26644
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
1.02
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.24893
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.54
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.24243
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.48
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.17438
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.47
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.14516
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.45
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.14445
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.37
85
Footwear
0.13346
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.25
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.12604
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.25
41
Animal oils and fats
0.12106
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.24
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.11312
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.2
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.09961
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.19
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.08277
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.17
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.08228
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.17
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.07278
85
Footwear
0.17
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.06768
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.11
73
Metalworking machinery
0.06657
67
Iron and steel
0.08
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.06438
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.08
67
Iron and steel
0.05958
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.07
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.05072
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.07
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.04999
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.07
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.0497
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.06
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.0487
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.06
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.04657
51
Organic chemicals
0.05
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.04465
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.05
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.04381
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.04
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.03778
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.04
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.03408
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.04
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.0323
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.03
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.03176
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.03
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.0313
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.03
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.03
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.0283 0.02493
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.02
77
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.02
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.02175
73
Metalworking machinery
0.02
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.02046
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.02
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.01838
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.02
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.0174
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.0172
79
Other transport equipment
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01619
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.01
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.0138
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.0125
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.0118
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.0117
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.01
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.01138
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00004
Source: INTradeBID.
0
0.0222
Source: INTradeBID.
277
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Nicaragua - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
278
2003 0.81 0.74 … 1.69 1.24 1.90 0.48 1.30 0.43 0.66 … 0.65 1.88 0.88 1.35 … 1.04 1.22 0.83 — 0.81 0.98 0.66 … 0.93 1.04 0.99 0.92 0.90 1.15 1.78 0.59 1.14 0.68
2004 0.84 0.72 2.36 1.96 1.96 1.63 0.38 1.42 0.69 0.75 … 0.65 1.93 0.83 1.35 … 1.02 1.18 0.84 — 0.69 0.90 0.77 … 0.93 0.96 1.39 0.91 0.85 1.18 1.59 0.67 0.95 0.72
2005 0.84 0.65 1.98 1.65 1.13 1.55 0.41 1.38 0.74 0.73 … 0.73 2.01 0.93 1.19 … 1.08 1.40 0.84 — 0.67 0.95 0.95 … 1.02 1.14 1.06 0.88 0.90 1.19 1.49 0.74 0.80 0.75
2006 0.77 0.60 … 1.67 1.36 1.51 0.33 1.16 0.66 0.60 1.22 0.59 2.28 1.00 1.30 … 1.23 1.41 0.81 — 0.68 0.63 0.82 … 0.83 0.93 1.02 0.88 0.98 1.22 1.38 0.56 0.76 0.70
2007 0.86 0.79 … 2.47 1.51 1.37 0.37 1.24 0.61 0.73 1.00 0.59 2.20 0.99 1.61 … 1.17 1.45 0.94 — 0.64 0.63 0.78 … 0.97 1.06 1.63 0.85 1.03 1.23 1.30 0.67 0.81 0.78
2008 0.88 0.93 … 2.01 1.34 1.12 0.38 1.07 0.58 0.67 0.90 0.59 2.14 0.93 1.27 … 0.88 1.17 0.89 — 0.65 0.54 0.64 … 0.95 0.70 2.73 0.83 1.06 1.23 1.16 0.82 0.72 0.76
2009 0.86 0.59 … 1.96 1.35 0.97 0.40 1.37 0.71 0.67 0.88 0.59 2.33 1.00 1.40 … 1.03 1.70 0.80 — 0.63 0.57 0.60 … 0.97 0.71 2.62 0.85 1.08 1.24 1.22 0.66 0.72 0.70
2010 0.67 0.38 … 2.36 1.15 0.74 0.34 1.57 0.66 0.68 0.94 0.52 1.86 0.89 1.15 … 0.74 1.34 0.72 — 0.60 0.47 0.67 … 1.06 0.74 … 0.84 1.17 1.13 1.08 0.49 0.71 0.80
2011 0.60 0.30 … 1.50 0.92 0.73 0.29 1.36 0.62 0.63 0.82 0.44 1.52 0.69 0.80 … 0.54 0.91 0.63 — 0.47 0.02 0.50 0.90 … 0.66 1.51 0.82 1.17 1.00 0.94 0.46 0.69 0.78
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
169
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
918
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
Total Tariff Lines
Nicaragua - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
169
21
234
234
978
699
54
54
175
64
917
292
139
108
336
1,113
187
293
57
418
448
10
13
4
5
2
3
7
7
6
13
10
5
8
8
4
2
3
13
8
11
14
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
55
15
453
164
Maximum Tariff
92
16
36
7
95
62
12
12
57
48
325
26
28
33
25
55
4
5
21
1
4
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
33
5
150
76
802
471
15
15
80
3
116
150
27
19
149
911
118
35
9
146
45
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
15
15
0
5
0
0
5
5
5
15
10
0
10
10
5
0
0
15
5
10
15
Median Tariff
15
15
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
15
15
0
10
15
0
0
0
15
5
15
15
Mode
5.94
4.36
5.73
4.25
4.78
4.99
5.61
5.61
6.65
4.26
5.10
5.51
5.10
5.47
4.76
4.05
3.99
9.91
5.70
24.38
17.03
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
279
280
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 17 0 50 21 2 1 0 0 9
798,713 138,886 3,767 402,609 166,893 12,216 6,039 51 118 68,134
2003
Panama - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 17 0 49 22 1 0 0 0 10
891,088 150,919 2,318 433,000 194,456 10,818 2,512 1,978 2,597 92,490
2004
2005 19 0 44 26 1 0 0 0 10
963,173 181,914 1,966 419,314 246,526 10,201 3,414 2,256 1,808 95,774
2005
2006 19 0 39 29 1 0 0 0 11
1,021,800 190,177 3,348 393,515 301,174 13,447 4,014 1,841 1,033 113,251
2006
2007 16 0 35 30 6 0 0 0 12
1,120,431 178,401 2,709 391,160 337,632 62,900 3,859 1,840 1,953 139,977
2007
2008 16 0 38 30 4 0 0 1 10
1,144,691 180,246 3,424 435,109 349,050 49,113 4,537 4,721 6,543 111,948
2008
2009 19 1 43 24 2 1 0 1 9
820,979 158,734 9,583 349,746 194,160 20,298 4,613 3,776 6,108 73,961
2009
2010 20 10 29 21 5 0 1 1 11
725,151 147,111 75,875 211,485 154,469 36,085 3,453 5,034 8,640 82,999
2010
2011 19 15 21 21 5 1 2 2 14
785,241 150,414 121,050 163,333 162,094 38,812 3,944 18,612 16,653 110,329
2011
2012 20 15 20 22 4 1 3 3 14
821,819 160,622 119,795 160,968 177,195 33,851 6,336 24,886 21,822 116,344
2012
Change % 03-12 2 14 -31 1 3 0 3 3 6
0.3 1.6 46.9 -9.7 0.7 12.0 0.5 98.9 78.6 6.1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 85 1 2 0 11 1
798,713 678,775 7,111 18,155 3,925 86,418 4329
2003
Panama - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 84 1 5 1 10 0
891,088 746,728 10,665 40,526 4,831 88,338 0
2004
2005 85 1 4 1 9 0
963,173 819,284 7,260 42,827 7,060 86,742 0
2005
2006 83 1 5 1 10 0
1,021,800 852,450 9,858 50,199 7,696 101,597 0
2006
2007 78 1 5 1 10 5
1,120,431 871,285 11,838 55,852 7,460 116,530 57466
2007
2008 83 1 7 1 9 0
1,144,691 947,919 11,471 78,164 7,218 99,842 77
2008
2009 80 1 9 1 9 0
820,979 659,976 7,363 72,172 7,031 74,382 55
2009
2010 65 2 20 0 13 0
725,151 469,125 15,635 145,618 2,003 92,766 4
2010
2011 56 4 28 0 13 0
785,241 436,110 28,396 221,250 772 98,713 0
2011
2012 55 4 27 0 13 0
821,819 454,178 30,782 225,291 620 110,892 56
2012
Change % 03-12 -30 3 25 0 3 -1
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 0.3 -4.4 17.7 32.3 -18.5 2.8 -38.3
Annex: Country Tables
281
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Panama - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 8 71 72 17 2 22 76 48 30
Source: INTradeBID.
282
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Fish and crustaceans Edible fruits and nuts Precious metals and stones Iron and steel Sugars and sugar confectionary Meat and edible meat offal Beverages, spirits and vinegar Aluminium & articles thereof Paper and articles of paper Pharmaceutical products Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 788,298 100.0 191,899 24.3 154,594 19.6 91,079 11.6 43,505 5.5 26,486 3.4 24,269 3.1 23,264 3.0 20,931 2.7 20,740 2.6 18,354 2.3 615,121 78.0
2003 100 76 14 6 1 2 1
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 798,713 609,864 108,267 51,018 6,687 15,466 7,411
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 77 14 6 1 2 1
2004 891,088 688,526 122,888 52,049 6,558 14,916 6,151 2005 100 81 11 5 1 2 1
2005 963,173 778,996 105,389 50,806 7,226 15,916 4,840
Panama - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 80 10 6 1 2 1
2006 1,021,800 821,018 99,777 64,707 8,113 16,118 12,067 2007 100 76 8 7 1 1 6
2007 1,120,431 852,892 90,558 73,997 15,922 15,786 71,276 2008 100 83 8 5 1 2 2
2008 1,144,691 946,789 86,043 59,851 11,156 18,856 21,996 2009 100 78 9 5 1 2 4
2009 820,979 643,126 77,118 40,368 7,302 18,182 34,883 2010 100 65 13 6 2 3 10
2010 725,151 473,771 97,099 46,549 13,053 21,804 72,875
2011 100 55 19 8 1 2 16
2011 785,241 429,042 147,192 59,252 11,761 15,971 122,023
2012 100 48 25 8 1 3 15
2012 821,819 392,936 201,892 66,703 11,158 21,922 127,208
Annex: Country Tables
283
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Panama - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Panama - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
RCA
Code
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
Description
21.4
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.97691
5
Vegetables and fruit
15.13
41
Animal oils and fats
0.77664
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
13.98
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.76527
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
12.52
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.67969
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
10.13
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.58481
41
Animal oils and fats
9.29
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.56176
24
Cork and wood
8.12
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.56063
11
Beverages
5.13
24
Cork and wood
0.51118
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
5.1
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.40969
1
Meat and meat preparations
4.66
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.40845
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
4.53
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.34869
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
3.8
11
Beverages
0.33526
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
3.49
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.32785
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
3.39
51
Organic chemicals
0.27824
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
2.08
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.24901
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
1.98
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.22222
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
1.05
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.20161
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.98
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.1604
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.95
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.13156
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.68
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.11521
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.68
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.1068
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.64
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.09026
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.63
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.0865
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.55
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.07653
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.53
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.06368
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.35
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.05991
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.35
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.05665
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.28
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.03404
51
Organic chemicals
0.27
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.03187
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.27
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.02307
IIT
0.02203
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.24
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.23
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.0202
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.21
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.01928
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.2
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.01862
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.19
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.01713
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.18
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.01404
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.16
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.01356
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.15
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.01203
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.14
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.00751
67
Iron and steel
0.05
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.00667
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.04
67
Iron and steel
0.00618
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.02
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.00418
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.01
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.0007
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.01
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.00045
85
Footwear
0.01
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.00041
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0
85
Footwear
0.0003
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.00002
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
Source: INTradeBID.
284
Description
Source: INTradeBID.
0
Annex: Country Tables
Panama - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 0.57 0.51 … 1.85 0.90 0.46 0.62 0.50 0.60 0.73 … 1.01 1.21 0.68 0.76 … 0.88 1.87 0.47 0.66 — 0.37 0.64 … 0.63 1.13 0.67 0.89 0.94 1.27 2.78 0.64 1.17 0.74
2004 0.59 0.38 1.51 1.83 1.83 0.45 0.63 0.49 0.69 0.77 … 0.76 1.30 0.68 0.84 … 0.80 1.63 0.50 0.59 — 0.32 0.66 … 0.56 0.89 0.72 0.85 0.95 1.28 2.75 0.70 1.18 0.75
2005 0.58 0.33 1.45 1.50 0.64 0.46 0.65 0.44 0.63 0.74 … 0.56 1.74 0.59 0.69 … 0.78 1.59 0.49 0.54 — 0.31 0.77 … 0.73 0.81 0.66 0.85 0.97 1.32 2.38 0.71 1.02 0.73
2006 0.64 0.37 … 1.52 0.76 0.52 0.70 0.52 0.68 0.74 1.11 0.63 1.54 0.78 0.66 … 1.07 1.48 0.60 0.66 — 0.27 0.60 … 0.64 0.92 0.73 0.86 1.10 1.38 1.90 0.64 0.96 0.71
2007 0.64 0.39 … 1.81 0.72 0.49 0.62 0.50 0.68 0.82 0.84 0.91 1.59 0.82 1.15 … 1.01 1.09 0.62 0.70 — 0.32 0.52 … 0.64 1.07 0.83 0.93 1.25 1.38 1.72 0.64 0.97 0.74
2008 0.66 0.35 … 1.54 0.69 0.45 0.57 0.45 0.72 0.88 0.93 1.88 1.23 0.71 0.71 … 0.83 1.00 0.60 0.62 — 0.27 0.53 … 0.57 0.90 1.31 0.88 1.22 1.38 1.80 0.62 0.92 0.85
2009 0.67 0.38 … 1.57 0.65 0.46 0.68 0.50 0.66 0.86 1.00 2.03 1.97 0.67 0.65 … 0.90 1.30 0.50 0.62 — 0.30 0.68 … 0.58 1.06 1.14 0.92 1.11 1.27 2.04 0.71 0.98 0.88
2010 0.58 0.38 … 1.89 0.84 0.49 0.56 0.57 0.63 0.79 0.83 1.19 1.29 0.71 0.77 … 0.94 1.25 0.51 0.71 — 0.37 0.72 … 0.73 0.93 … 0.86 1.22 1.18 1.42 0.74 0.92 0.81
2011 0.49 0.30 … 1.26 0.87 0.53 0.41 0.57 0.52 0.64 0.83 0.80 0.95 0.61 0.60 … 0.76 0.94 0.48 0.62 — … 0.49 0.58 … 0.80 0.64 0.76 1.21 1.02 1.02 0.78 0.86 0.87
Source: INTradeBID.
285
286
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
11
12
13
14
15
16
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
21
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Animal Hides/Skins
8
20
Plastics/Rubber
7
Arms/Munitions
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
19
Mineral Products
5
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Precision Instruments
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
17
Vegetable Products
18
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
293
24
280
328
1,031
897
66
288
152
152
1,205
376
171
115
452
1,244
195
589
71
447
507
Total Tariff Lines
Panama - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
293
24
280
328
1,031
897
66
288
152
152
1,205
376
171
115
452
1,244
195
589
71
447
507
11
15
9
6
6
7
7
9
10
10
7
8
8
12
4
2
7
12
8
11
22
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
81
144
30
90
260
Maximum Tariff
139
22
99
98
122
234
11
73
55
55
204
137
42
61
53
40
2
3
1
4
6
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
3
2
19
169
134
321
24
41
5
5
442
134
54
3
259
810
81
86
22
143
32
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
10
15
10
0
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
0
0
10
10
10
10
15
Median Tariff
15
15
15
0
3
0
10
10
15
10
10
15
10
15
0
0
10
15
10
15
15
Mode
4.19
1.41
5.06
6.69
4.63
6.15
5.76
4.85
4.30
4.30
5.74
6.49
5.88
3.74
5.20
3.82
9.60
12.79
6.49
12.37
33.79
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 18 2 26 26 7 4 2 1 14
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
8,548,274 1,536,363 133,678 2,254,033 2,205,884 629,577 347,900 164,306 89,251 1,187,282
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Peru - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 20 3 29 23 10 5 2 1 9
12,082,702 2,385,047 310,772 3,467,441 2,739,674 1,237,209 551,669 201,742 103,289 1,085,859
2004
2005 21 6 30 16 11 4 1 1 11
17,824,270 3,722,725 1,051,815 5,308,504 2,798,377 2,006,907 677,539 240,489 120,210 1,897,704
2005
2006 21 6 22 18 10 5 2 1 14
22,736,654 4,671,710 1,473,073 5,100,491 4,051,550 2,258,041 1,226,138 543,821 187,052 3,224,778
2006
2007 21 6 18 16 11 8 3 1 16
27,140,470 5,704,383 1,674,016 4,889,544 4,431,832 2,969,445 2,123,704 935,328 154,605 4,257,613
2007
2008 21 6 19 16 12 6 2 1 18
31,287,352 6,468,024 1,949,847 5,794,505 5,106,733 3,734,986 1,860,026 552,016 202,966 5,618,249
2008
2009 16 9 17 14 15 5 3 1 20
26,737,402 4,189,897 2,310,860 4,541,664 3,820,613 4,077,955 1,376,447 749,587 214,447 5,455,932
2009
2010 17 9 16 16 15 5 3 1 17
35,203,957 5,905,300 3,329,026 5,779,264 5,712,450 5,433,996 1,790,511 895,915 341,716 6,015,779
2010
2011 17 9 13 17 15 5 4 1 19
45,999,980 7,991,354 4,232,111 5,902,858 7,628,206 6,963,602 2,174,788 1,696,171 531,505 8,879,385
2011
2012 19 8 13 15 17 6 3 1 18
45,454,842 8,553,768 3,426,405 6,048,723 6,994,955 7,782,366 2,577,627 1,528,795 526,125 8,016,078
2012
Change % 03-12 1 6 -13 -10 10 2 1 0 4
20.4 21.0 43.4 11.6 13.7 32.2 24.9 28.1 21.8 23.6
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
287
288 2003 20 2 53 8 17 0
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
8,548,274 1,743,819 186,136 4,532,530 644,652 1,441,116 21
2003
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
Peru - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 20 2 56 6 16 0
12,082,702 2,442,136 226,028 6,754,591 689,675 1,970,263 9
2004
2005 18 1 57 9 15 0
17,824,270 3,159,460 265,912 10,224,420 1,560,244 2,614,229 5
2005
2006 15 1 64 7 12 0
22,736,654 3,459,016 318,575 14,598,962 1,620,764 2,739,332 5
2006
2007 14 1 64 8 13 0
27,140,470 3,872,763 352,206 17,342,572 2,142,895 3,430,022 12
2007
2008 16 1 61 9 13 0
31,287,352 4,907,005 371,284 19,026,856 2,860,508 4,121,629 70
2008
2009 17 1 62 8 12 0
26,737,402 4,563,349 296,745 16,539,627 2,068,258 3,269,371 52
2009
2010 16 1 63 10 11 0
35,203,957 5,560,743 374,604 22,099,386 3,345,329 3,823,885 10
2010
2011 16 1 61 11 11 0
45,999,980 7,486,853 420,471 28,145,102 5,023,496 4,923,965 93
2011
2012 16 1 60 12 12 0
45,454,842 7,241,299 420,438 27,179,431 5,236,270 5,268,373 109031
2012
Change % 03-12 -4 -1 7 4 -5 0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 20.4 17.1 9.5 22.0 26.2 15.5 158.7
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Peru - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
26 71 27 74 23 61 9 8 3 7
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Ores, slag & ash Precious metals and stones Mineral fuels and oils Copper & articles thereof Residues from food industries Knitted apparel Coffee, tea, mate and spices Edible fruits and nuts Fish and crustaceans Edible vegetables and roots Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 38,349,045 100.0 10,839,112 28.3 8,885,515 23.2 3,943,050 10.3 2,874,912 7.5 1,766,713 4.6 1,230,157 3.2 1,136,609 3.0 676,681 1.8 581,717 1.5 484,140 1.3 32,418,604 84.5
Source: INTradeBID.
289
290
2003 100 33 29 11 2 0 24
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 8,548,274 2,834,161 2,452,233 979,155 212,752 39,249 2,030,724
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 38 29 11 2 0 19
2004 12,082,702 4,589,356 3,496,351 1,356,150 293,767 48,298 2,298,780 2005 100 40 30 10 2 0 17
2005 17,824,270 7,101,987 5,364,591 1,765,165 395,078 81,820 3,115,629
Peru - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 42 31 8 2 0 17
2006 22,736,654 9,632,037 7,059,098 1,885,120 365,489 42,292 3,752,618 2007 100 47 28 8 2 0 14
2007 27,140,470 12,873,875 7,516,119 2,292,049 501,648 57,481 3,899,298 2008 100 42 29 8 2 0 18
2008 31,287,352 13,025,713 9,187,520 2,647,811 686,179 86,578 5,653,551 2009 100 41 23 7 3 0 26
2009 26,737,402 11,019,265 6,105,437 1,995,147 690,415 98,847 6,828,291 2010 100 45 24 6 2 0 22
2010 35,203,957 15,999,734 8,344,783 2,136,260 795,248 135,782 7,792,150
2011 100 47 22 6 2 0 22
2011 45,999,980 21,744,705 10,258,472 2,698,638 1,007,062 151,456 10,139,647
2012 100 46 22 7 3 0 22
2012 45,454,842 21,077,754 10,137,320 3,004,675 1,209,167 150,214 9,875,712
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Peru - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Peru - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
Description
41
Animal oils and fats
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
RCA
Code
18
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
Description
0.88514
IIT
17.72
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.87688
11.99
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.8419
9.44
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.82896
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
6.57
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.78147
68
Non-ferrous metals
4.04
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.76249
5
Vegetables and fruit
3.25
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.66455
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
3.2
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.65653
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
2.89
79
Other transport equipment
0.65392
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
1.69
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.62957
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
1.37
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.60932
52
Inorganic chemicals
1.25
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.60769
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
1.24
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.5693
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
1.03
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.53134
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.99
11
Beverages
0.48759
24
Cork and wood
0.76
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.47931
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.69
24
Cork and wood
0.47915
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.63
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.47811
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.48
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.47092
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.46
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.46984
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.39
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.44783
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.35
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.41043
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.35
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.38551
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.27
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.37379
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.27
9
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.25
27
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.23
82
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.23
51
Organic chemicals
0.30584
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.22
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.30533
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.21
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
0.30298
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.18
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.29453
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.17
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.22652
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.14
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.22327
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.14
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.22254
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.13
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.22106
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.11
41
Animal oils and fats
0.19545
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.1
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.18313
11
Beverages
0.09
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.17403
67
Iron and steel
0.09
35
Electric current
0.16319
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.09
85
Footwear
0.15773
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.09
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.13828
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.08
67
Iron and steel
0.13369
51
Organic chemicals
0.08
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.11288 0.11191
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.32983 0.31612 0.30647
85
Footwear
0.07
57
Plastics in primary forms
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.06
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.10977
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.06
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.09157
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.05
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.0876
32
Coal, coke and briquettes
0.05
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.08466
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.04
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.07414
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.04
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.07132
79
Other transport equipment
0.03
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.06765
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.03
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.05997
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.03
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.04465
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.03
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.04462
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.02
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.03585
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.02
73
Metalworking machinery
0.03282
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.02
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.02346
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.02156
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.02108
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01861
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.01
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.0176
73
Metalworking machinery
0.01
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.01091
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.01
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00122
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.01
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.0001
35
Electric current
Source: INTradeBID.
0
Source: INTradeBID.
291
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Peru - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
292
2003 0.82 0.72 … 0.63 1.30 0.91 0.99 1.32 0.83 0.73 … 0.72 1.05 1.06 0.86 … 1.25 0.87 0.68 0.75 0.96 0.69 — … 0.76 0.87 1.07 0.74 0.80 0.92 1.42 1.10 2.09 1.15
2004 0.93 0.61 0.82 0.59 0.59 0.86 1.30 1.87 0.94 0.72 … 0.88 1.05 1.07 0.73 … 1.23 0.91 0.72 0.72 1.03 0.56 — … 0.61 0.72 1.01 0.74 0.88 0.93 1.72 1.32 2.00 1.09
2005 0.93 0.57 0.93 0.83 1.44 0.93 1.18 2.67 0.84 0.79 … 0.84 0.96 1.09 1.04 … 1.23 1.10 0.71 0.68 1.05 0.61 — … 0.70 0.68 0.73 0.74 0.97 0.93 1.72 1.48 1.56 1.16
2006 0.90 0.52 … 0.63 1.01 0.66 1.46 2.10 0.75 0.68 0.80 0.66 0.76 0.84 0.81 … 0.97 0.68 0.70 0.65 0.72 0.39 — … 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.67 1.02 0.90 1.86 1.46 1.80 1.04
2007 0.90 0.52 … 0.53 0.97 0.58 1.40 2.61 0.67 0.60 0.81 0.69 0.73 0.88 0.74 … 0.90 0.81 0.62 0.70 0.76 0.43 — … 0.67 0.64 0.54 0.61 1.03 0.88 2.26 1.96 1.93 0.95
2008 0.86 0.49 … 0.77 0.90 0.75 1.11 1.95 0.72 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.81 0.98 0.95 … 0.96 0.86 0.68 0.76 0.76 0.48 — … 0.57 0.67 0.78 0.64 1.05 0.84 1.89 1.93 1.55 1.16
2009 0.67 0.39 … 0.69 0.92 0.79 0.80 1.36 0.66 0.59 0.78 0.67 0.82 0.92 0.72 … 0.96 0.81 0.53 0.69 0.71 0.47 — … 0.46 0.68 0.62 0.62 1.11 0.75 1.69 1.77 1.56 1.07
2010 0.69 0.43 … 0.59 0.83 0.59 0.86 1.45 0.64 0.60 0.71 0.64 0.80 0.90 0.82 … 0.99 0.77 0.52 0.67 0.71 0.42 — … 0.52 0.61 … 0.60 1.10 0.77 1.81 1.72 1.56 1.06
2011 0.65 0.46 … 0.65 0.74 0.45 0.77 1.50 0.54 0.55 0.69 0.59 0.67 0.71 0.64 … 0.77 0.66 0.51 0.53 0.61 0.05 — 0.67 … 0.65 0.58 0.61 1.10 0.79 1.54 1.40 1.50 0.99
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
155
69
288
226
1,199
698
59
173
55
964
241
108
79
312
1,479
213
318
66
424
421
Total Tariff Lines
Peru - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
155
69
288
226
1,199
698
59
173
55
964
241
108
79
312
1,479
213
318
66
424
421
6
5
6
2
1
1
1
4
2
9
9
4
4
5
2
2
2
3
3
4
2
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
6
6
6
6
6
11
6
6
6
11
11
6
6
6
6
6
6
11
6
11
11
Maximum Tariff
7
124
69
113
45
27
118
35
68
30
685
149
80
70
116
498
63
7
29
28
15
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
6
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
31
69
175
181
995
580
24
105
25
63
92
28
9
196
981
150
142
37
138
297
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
6
0
11
11
6
6
6
0
0
0
6
0
6
0
Median Tariff
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
6
0
11
11
6
6
6
0
0
0
6
0
6
0
Mode
0.00
2.41
0.00
2.93
2.40
2.60
2.25
2.97
2.94
2.51
3.18
2.92
2.64
1.92
2.90
2.84
2.74
3.17
3.00
3.28
3.14
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
293
294 2003 65 0 4 7 1 0 0 1 22
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
1,241,428 802,589 4,555 44,093 82,767 16,673 5,395 122 10,509 274,725
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Paraguay - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 59 0 3 6 3 1 0 2 25
1,626,452 966,193 5,868 52,192 97,967 44,461 18,139 4,353 26,142 411,137
2004
2005 58 0 3 10 4 1 0 1 23
1,810,663 1,046,590 4,218 51,544 179,630 69,635 18,478 3,398 15,284 421,886
2005
2006 59 0 3 6 1 1 0 1 28
1,906,283 1,130,666 5,135 62,367 111,405 19,622 24,701 786 15,464 536,137
2006
2007 63 0 2 8 2 1 1 2 21
2,744,987 1,731,981 3,824 60,772 222,112 50,723 30,225 21,707 49,736 573,907
2007
2008 72 0 1 9 2 1 1 2 13
6,406,985 4,600,354 6,472 72,239 547,253 96,786 87,219 42,948 97,251 856,463
2008
2009 71 0 1 10 1 1 0 2 15
5,079,458 3,592,923 3,804 49,835 507,416 35,139 44,037 3,743 80,392 762,169
2009
2010 60 0 1 18 1 1 0 1 19
6,516,436 3,918,911 5,599 63,015 1,157,367 34,234 38,411 2,452 75,863 1,220,584
2010
2011 57 0 1 19 0 1 1 2 18
7,776,283 4,413,404 3,014 109,660 1,512,926 30,387 51,992 106,732 177,834 1,370,334
2011
2012 59 0 2 14 1 0 0 2 22
7,281,841 4,263,214 4,154 142,960 1,044,310 41,975 29,216 31,602 155,916 1,568,494
2012
Change % 03-12 -6 0 -2 8 -1 0 0 1 -1
21.7 20.4 -1.0 14.0 32.5 10.8 20.6 85.4 34.9 21.4
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 77 9 0 0 9 5
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
1,626,452 1,214,260 191,755 13,150 475 206,812 0
1,241,428 950,388 105,658 4,979 483 116,365 63,555
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 75 12 1 0 13 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Paraguay - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 73 9 1 0 17 0
1,810,663 1,323,134 154,799 22,668 34 310,028 0
2005
2006 76 7 1 0 16 0
1,906,283 1,445,179 137,002 20,679 0 303,423 0
2006
2007 83 5 1 0 11 0
2,744,987 2,279,234 141,326 22,673 25 299,485 2,244
2007
2008 60 2 0 30 6 0
6,406,985 3,871,978 145,664 30,441 1,944,484 414,418 0
2008
2009 53 2 0 38 7 0
5,079,458 2,676,733 125,116 18,058 1,919,395 340,156 0
2009
2010 59 2 1 30 7 0
6,516,436 3,874,132 134,640 37,953 1,986,894 482,795 22
2010
2011 60 2 1 29 8 0
7,776,283 4,690,918 129,305 84,718 2,280,620 590,566 156
2011
2012 56 2 1 31 9 0
7,281,841 4,111,061 156,179 95,568 2,270,183 636,133 12,717
2012
Change % 03-12 -20 -6 1 31 -1 -5
22 18 4 39 156 21 -16
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Annex: Country Tables
295
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Paraguay - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 12 2 10 23 15 44 41 39 17
Source: INTradeBID.
296
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Meat and edible meat offal Cereals Residues from food industries Animal or veg. fats & oils Wood & articles of wood Raw hides and leather Plastics & articles thereof Sugars and sugar confectionary Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 6,663,505 100.0 2,114,273 31.7 1,658,863 24.9 760,781 11.4 660,544 9.9 336,976 5.1 272,513 4.1 95,231 1.4 85,480 1.3 76,394 1.1 60,234 0.9 6,121,287 91.9
2003 100 72 16 4 2 1 5
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 1,241,428 896,321 195,954 51,631 20,141 12,835 64,546
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 73 16 8 2 1 0
2004 1,626,452 1,190,670 265,443 123,665 33,516 11,705 1,453 2005 100 72 13 12 2 1 0
2005 1,810,663 1,301,705 235,923 217,265 37,268 17,049 1,453
Paraguay - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 72 14 10 3 2 0
2006 1,906,283 1,368,249 275,794 184,287 47,910 29,146 897 2007 100 75 16 5 2 1 0
2007 2,744,987 2,059,286 442,906 149,825 61,116 28,603 3,251 2008 100 51 13 4 1 1 30
2008 6,406,985 3,294,238 812,677 237,520 79,645 38,049 1,944,856 2009 100 48 15 4 1 1 31
2009 5,079,458 2,433,600 762,951 184,816 65,916 39,455 1,592,720 2010 100 55 8 4 1 1 31
2010 6,516,436 3,612,179 518,313 276,636 72,149 49,424 1,987,735
2011 100 56 9 4 1 1 29
2011 7,776,283 4,317,395 690,007 343,922 90,775 58,920 2,275,264
2012 100 54 7 5 2 1 31
2012 7,281,841 3,940,385 535,104 350,760 120,821 57,222 2,277,549
Annex: Country Tables
297
298 0.74
Cork and wood
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
24
29
26
63
Source: INTradeBID.
1.29
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
12
0.5
2.88
3.23
3.41
3.45
7.38
7.64
Animal oils and fats
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
42
8.28
41
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
61
11.27
Cereals and cereal preparations
Meat and meat preparations
1
11.9
69.76
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
8
4
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
22
RCA 117.19
6
Electric current
35
Description
Description
IIT
Gas, natural and manufactured
Cereals and cereal preparations
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.27614
0.36013
0.36891
0.39577
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings Vegetables and fruit
0.47035 0.42354
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.47615
0.48514
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.51555
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.59469 0.55956
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.66102
0.89501
0.9927
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
Non-ferrous metals
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
Source: INTradeBID.
34
4
54
5
82
84
65
26
12
27
6
68
29
63
Code
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code
Paraguay - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
Paraguay - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Annex: Country Tables
Paraguay - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 1.93 1.34 … 1.95 1.59 5.80 1.48 1.67 1.49 2.01 … 1.44 2.05 1.68 1.04 … 1.48 1.39 2.14 1.02 1.60 — 2.93 … 1.53 1.64 2.38 0.30 0.64 0.98 1.92 2.74 1.23 1.08
2004 1.93 1.48 1.24 2.09 2.09 4.28 0.85 1.80 3.01 2.30 … 1.47 2.22 1.60 0.88 … 1.29 1.21 2.19 0.93 1.30 — 2.55 … 1.38 1.52 2.04 0.40 0.58 1.00 1.85 3.03 1.16 1.13
2005 1.67 1.17 1.27 1.69 1.25 3.03 0.80 1.84 2.18 2.03 … 1.11 2.26 1.42 0.97 … 1.46 1.17 2.03 1.03 1.13 — 2.23 … 1.21 1.68 1.27 0.43 0.51 0.99 1.63 2.83 1.06 0.97
2006 1.72 0.95 … 1.96 1.18 2.83 0.64 2.37 2.86 1.95 2.63 1.40 3.25 1.94 0.81 … 1.82 1.63 2.01 1.18 1.45 — 2.63 … 0.97 1.62 1.45 0.47 0.61 1.03 1.70 1.98 1.17 0.84
2007 1.85 2.39 … 2.52 1.51 3.30 0.63 2.09 3.02 2.63 2.18 1.86 3.00 2.00 0.86 … 1.65 1.42 2.03 1.81 1.62 — 2.85 … 0.96 1.56 1.89 0.37 0.64 1.04 1.76 2.46 1.13 0.93
2008 1.33 2.89 … 1.64 0.87 0.77 0.40 1.22 1.61 1.24 1.14 1.30 1.70 1.28 0.69 … 0.99 0.78 1.42 1.13 0.87 — 1.55 … 0.70 3.32 2.24 0.48 0.82 1.20 1.01 2.10 0.68 0.67
2009 1.25 1.85 … 1.40 1.13 0.64 0.51 1.53 1.59 1.34 1.36 2.00 2.40 1.53 0.99 … 1.48 1.42 1.21 1.17 1.12 — 1.57 … 0.65 0.99 2.08 0.49 0.69 1.22 0.99 1.36 0.69 0.77
2010 1.02 1.28 … 1.69 0.78 0.40 0.41 1.41 1.39 1.30 1.12 1.61 2.00 1.47 0.80 … 1.04 1.03 1.18 0.96 0.81 — 1.30 … 0.72 0.63 … 0.41 0.63 1.26 0.97 1.71 0.62 0.62
2011 1.38 1.57 … 0.81 1.60 1.63 1.14 1.49 1.96 0.89 0.93 1.47 1.02 1.34 0.94 … 1.36 0.93 1.21 1.67 1.21 — 1.48 1.23 … 1.68 3.11 1.17 1.45 1.02 0.78 1.59 0.52 0.67
Source: INTradeBID.
299
300
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
7
163
20
460
222
1,735
743
64
217
63
982
229
193
115
417
2,969
212
273
70
353
351
Total Tariff Lines
Paraguay - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
7
163
20
460
222
1,735
743
64
217
63
982
229
193
115
417
2,969
212
273
70
353
351
4
17
20
8
11
5
12
10
10
20
17
10
8
11
11
6
2
15
10
8
9
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
4
20
20
20
20
20
20
18
20
25
26
16
14
20
18
18
6
30
12
25
16
Maximum Tariff
7
30
20
25
66
60
6
15
5
7
18
69
25
24
28
23
4
4
8
5
24
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
4
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
Minimum Tariff
7
8
20
189
73
884
20
6
3
8
13
21
27
15
28
197
74
3
2
60
29
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
4
18
20
2
16
0
12
10
10
20
18
12
10
10
14
2
2
16
10
10
10
Median Tariff
4
18
20
0
0
0
12
18
10
20
20
16
6
10
14
2
4
14
10
10
10
Mode
0.00
4.95
0.00
8.38
8.85
6.98
5.11
6.23
4.39
2.39
4.97
5.52
3.68
5.63
6.30
5.32
1.87
4.86
1.72
4.40
3.78
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
13
14
15
Source: INTradeBID.
Art/Antiques
Footwear/Misc. Articles
12
21
Textiles
11
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
10
20
Wood/Wood Articles
9
Arms/Munitions
Animal Hides/Skins
8
Precision Instruments
Plastics/Rubber
7
19
Chemical/Industrial Products
6
18
Mineral Products
5
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Processed Foods/Tobacco
4
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Animal/Vegetable Fats
3
16
Vegetable Products
17
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
24
229
196
196
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
Suriname - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
21
116
64
64
64
210
161
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
243
51
313
35
263
312
22
17
14
14
14
15
15
37
15
18
20
13
15
20
15
13
11
22
38
28
25
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
25
40
25
25
25
25
20
40
25
20
20
20
20
20
25
40
25
50
40
40
40
Maximum Tariff
11
7
16
16
16
14
77
32
3
41
358
35
17
30
3
6
2
35
32
161
155
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
1
9
16
16
16
36
12
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
63
8
25
3
50
50
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
25
20
10
10
10
20
15
40
15
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
10
20
40
40
25
Median Tariff
25
10
25
0
10
20
20
40
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
10
20
40
40
40
Mode
5.55
9.62
9.71
9.71
9.71
8.46
5.74
11.36
6.36
4.12
1.73
8.73
3.51
0.00
5.22
8.88
6.06
13.60
5.68
16.63
16.01
Standard Deviation
3
113
132
132
132
659
551
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
694
136
46
18
119
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
301
302 2003 29 2 54 4 0 0 0 0 11
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
5,240,579 1,535,156 96,042 2,804,653 202,146 4,168 730 224 15,450 582,010
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2004 20 1 68 3 0 0 0 0 7
6,546,758 1,295,983 83,843 4,473,120 206,716 2,143 779 6,440 11,885 465,849
2004
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2005 29 1 58 3 0 0 0 0 9
9,663,006 2,831,428 104,414 5,568,419 261,751 3,838 761 546 1,399 890,450
2005
2006 23 1 57 10 0 1 0 0 8
14,216,597 3,325,108 171,305 8,048,622 1,390,000 7,285 72,036 407 5,393 1,196,441
2006
2007 23 1 56 12 0 1 0 0 7
13,418,569 3,055,560 135,621 7,536,848 1,559,208 22,288 75,196 6,514 59,996 967,338
2007
2008 30 1 44 13 0 1 1 0 10
18,646,966 5,547,511 192,591 8,255,828 2,369,092 12,337 130,593 237,129 38,949 1,862,936
2008
2009 23 1 53 13 1 0 1 0 8
9,104,846 2,102,154 65,639 4,816,964 1,179,532 50,530 6,343 133,450 16,068 734,166
2009
2010 31 2 47 7 0 0 1 0 12
10,921,824 3,430,185 175,822 5,173,490 761,384 33,058 205 59,182 19,784 1,268,714
2010
2011 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2011
2012 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-10 2 0 -6 3 0 0 1 0 1
11.1 12.2 9.0 9.1 20.9 34.4 -16.6 121.8 3.6 11.8
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-10
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 4 0 0 36 29 31
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
6,546,758 232,572 2,275 14,958 3,941,909 2,354,427 617
5,240,579 233,821 1,976 10,743 1,877,083 1,499,140 1617816
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 4 0 0 60 36 0
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 3 0 0 70 26 0
9,663,006 303,454 3,445 40,429 6,783,512 2,531,836 330
2005
2006 2 0 0 76 21 0
14,216,597 326,577 2,481 44,912 10,830,372 3,011,904 351
2006
2007 3 0 3 66 29 0
13,418,569 343,837 2,107 380,875 8,851,659 3,839,599 492
2007
2008 2 0 3 70 25 0
18,646,966 369,598 3,022 509,624 13,066,353 4,697,979 390
2008
2009 3 0 3 76 18 0
9,104,846 293,744 2,328 271,981 6,916,686 1,619,722 385
2009
2010 2 0 5 61 31 0
10,921,824 263,627 3,432 569,438 6,647,551 3,437,281 495
2010
2011 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2011
2012 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-10 -2 0 5 25 3 -31
11.1 1.7 8.2 76.3 19.8 12.6 -68.5
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-10
Annex: Country Tables
303
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
27 28 29 72 26 89 31 22 84 48
Source: INTradeBID.
304
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Mineral fuels and oils Inorganic chemicals Organic chemicals Iron and steel Ores, slag & ash Ships and boats Fertilizers Beverages, spirits and vinegar Machinery and appliances Paper and articles of paper Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 10,013,335 100.0 6,792,673 67.8 898,103 9.0 465,329 4.6 441,105 4.4 384,109 3.8 194,194 1.9 184,719 1.8 102,595 1.0 68,743 0.7 56,075 0.6 9,587,643 95.7
2003 100 31 19 6 13 1 31
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 5,240,579 1,602,142 1,010,446 295,639 670,722 30,834 1,630,796
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 47 31 6 15 0 0
2004 6,546,758 3,091,293 2,052,758 401,711 957,163 28,434 15,399 2005 100 40 43 3 13 0 0
2005 9,663,006 3,907,838 4,146,924 325,838 1,214,001 48,116 20,289 2006 100 50 36 3 11 0 0
2006 14,216,597 7,062,613 5,115,640 404,322 1,573,285 41,659 19,078
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2007 100 53 28 3 15 1 0
2007 13,418,569 7,109,039 3,732,359 409,092 2,076,646 73,220 18,213 2008 100 46 39 2 13 0 0
2008 18,646,966 8,510,502 7,286,678 440,169 2,337,378 54,066 18,173 2009 100 58 28 2 11 0 0
2009 9,104,846 5,258,462 2,593,074 214,870 977,312 43,625 17,503 2010 100 35 47 3 15 0 0
2010 10,921,824 3,840,737 5,149,172 298,169 1,587,644 32,858 13,244
2011 … … … … … … …
2011 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
Annex: Country Tables
305
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
306
2003 1.15 1.06 … 0.88 1.18 1.17 1.87 1.77 0.86 0.72 … 3.32 1.10 1.05 1.54 … 1.00 1.90 0.81 1.45 1.04 1.22 1.12 … — 1.24 1.42 1.37 0.74 1.08 1.90 0.93 2.06 0.84
2004 1.08 0.86 1.40 0.60 0.60 0.96 1.71 1.74 0.73 0.94 … 0.86 1.15 1.34 1.02 … 1.38 2.19 0.78 1.26 1.38 1.36 1.13 … — 1.10 0.56 1.14 0.70 1.00 1.83 0.81 1.96 0.99
2005 1.05 0.81 2.17 1.88 2.34 1.29 1.46 1.47 0.67 1.17 … 1.28 1.62 2.00 3.04 … 2.17 3.50 0.76 1.44 1.89 1.61 1.08 … — 1.16 0.39 1.15 0.66 0.95 1.53 0.84 1.63 1.20
2006 0.94 0.70 … 1.65 1.94 0.97 1.35 1.39 0.53 0.97 0.31 1.61 1.86 1.60 2.49 … 1.81 2.12 0.72 1.38 1.51 1.18 0.86 … — 1.07 0.22 1.12 0.57 1.03 1.68 0.72 1.75 1.08
2007 1.06 0.84 … 0.71 1.89 0.79 1.41 1.59 0.61 0.86 1.52 2.20 1.72 1.44 1.56 … 1.32 3.08 0.84 1.14 1.17 1.16 0.85 … — 1.16 0.27 1.18 0.69 0.97 2.02 1.15 1.86 0.96
2008 1.11 0.87 … 1.32 1.75 1.01 1.37 1.71 0.65 1.00 1.59 1.45 1.92 1.68 2.48 … 1.68 3.19 0.94 1.22 1.47 1.27 0.86 … — 1.16 0.30 1.14 0.69 1.01 1.98 1.12 1.80 1.14
2009 0.85 0.78 … 1.02 1.41 0.91 1.07 1.47 0.50 0.88 1.30 0.90 1.09 1.43 1.54 … 1.38 2.15 0.69 1.18 1.11 1.12 0.66 … — 1.02 0.25 0.88 0.66 1.25 2.25 0.91 2.04 0.98
2010 1.15 0.97 … 0.78 2.10 1.36 1.27 1.66 0.78 1.08 1.77 2.44 1.59 1.87 2.52 … 1.99 3.11 0.91 1.34 1.60 1.31 0.84 … — 1.00 … 1.20 0.68 0.99 1.68 1.25 1.72 1.32
2011 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
167
24
229
196
869
712
62
186
60
902
172
134
80
244
937
187
187
359
53
382
330
Total Tariff Lines
143
21
116
75
210
161
35
89
50
370
64
78
30
96
241
51
51
287
35
263
312
17
26
19
18
17
16
32
17
18
20
13
15
20
16
13
18
18
19
38
28
26
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
Trinidad and Tobago - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
20
35
35
35
35
20
35
25
20
20
20
20
20
35
40
35
35
40
40
40
40
Maximum Tariff
97
10
31
24
11
81
32
5
41
358
35
17
30
3
6
16
16
33
32
161
179
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Minimum Tariff
4
1
9
16
36
12
3
9
1
2
18
1
30
5
63
8
8
25
3
55
57
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
20
25
20
20
20
20
35
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
15
20
40
40
40
Median Tariff
20
35
10
35
20
20
35
20
20
20
20
15
20
15
15
15
35
20
40
40
40
Mode
5.21
9.51
11.46
13.39
9.04
5.71
9.94
6.24
4.12
1.73
8.73
3.51
0.00
5.71
8.92
12.60
12.60
10.21
5.68
16.78
16.83
Standard Deviation
24
3
113
121
659
551
27
97
10
532
108
56
50
148
696
136
136
72
18
119
18
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
307
308 2003 41 4 11 23 4 1 0 3 14
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
Source: INTradeBID.
2,197,862 896,161 86,834 233,388 496,373 95,239 12,439 6,090 64,993 306,345
2003
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
Uruguay - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 36 4 20 19 4 1 0 2 14
2,930,619 1,053,921 105,126 577,336 567,097 112,945 15,112 11,927 64,609 422,546
2004
2005 34 3 22 17 4 1 1 2 17
3,404,318 1,146,311 87,108 761,319 583,860 119,581 32,147 22,678 69,483 581,831
2005
2006 36 1 13 16 4 1 1 2 25
3,985,738 1,437,240 45,065 523,055 653,554 164,312 43,344 23,909 90,526 1,004,733
2006
2007 40 2 11 18 4 1 1 2 23
4,495,891 1,777,989 72,324 493,105 806,413 161,519 32,509 31,719 98,060 1,022,253
2007
2008 39 1 4 19 3 1 0 2 32
5,948,797 2,332,992 33,015 214,206 1,121,651 171,456 44,027 18,338 113,386 1,899,726
2008
2009 38 1 3 15 4 0 0 2 37
5,493,214 2,087,221 37,218 179,515 807,903 235,362 4,973 26,604 94,607 2,019,811
2009
2010 41 1 3 14 6 0 0 2 33
6,726,965 2,782,277 34,091 196,210 964,344 372,681 8,818 22,406 120,767 2,225,371
2010
2011 42 1 3 13 8 0 0 2 31
8,007,662 3,377,928 43,342 244,895 1,011,320 663,995 10,269 27,739 139,442 2,488,732
2011
2012 39 1 4 11 9 0 0 2 35
8,742,900 3,368,971 65,686 324,149 942,214 801,652 10,199 20,874 143,796 3,065,359
2012
Change % 03-12 -2 -3 -7 -12 5 0 0 -1 21
16.6 15.9 -3.1 3.7 7.4 26.7 -2.2 14.7 9.2 29.2
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
2003 52 11 2 2 33 …
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Source: INTradeBID.
2,930,619 1,589,166 278,149 42,592 128,346 892,366 …
2,197,862 1,153,289 247,219 33,887 34,361 729,106 …
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other 2004 54 9 1 4 30 …
2004
2003
US$ 1000s
Uruguay - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2005 55 9 2 5 30 …
3,404,318 1,856,914 312,749 63,321 162,272 1,009,062 …
2005
2006 55 10 2 4 29 0
3,985,738 2,194,560 388,670 88,903 139,609 1,173,995 1
2006
2007 53 11 3 4 30 …
4,495,891 2,388,826 474,935 118,805 185,016 1,328,309 …
2007
2008 59 11 2 3 26 …
5,948,797 3,500,224 628,390 93,889 191,890 1,534,404 …
2008
2009 64 10 1 1 23 …
5,493,214 3,499,061 554,945 76,199 76,339 1,286,670 …
2009
2010 62 11 1 2 24 …
6,726,965 4,176,406 710,570 98,475 136,035 1,605,479 …
2010
2011 62 10 2 1 25 0
8,007,662 4,977,822 831,161 132,089 58,851 2,007,699 40
2011
2012 65 8 2 1 23 1
8,742,900 5,718,401 736,987 155,423 95,101 1,979,861 57,127
2012
Change % 03-12 13 -3 0 0 -11 …
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-12 16.6 19.5 12.9 18.4 12.0 11.7 …
Annex: Country Tables
309
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Uruguay - Table 3. Top 10 Exported Products Rank
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 12 10 4 44 39 51 41 11 3
Source: INTradeBID.
310
Chapter Description TOTAL EXPORTS Meat and edible meat offal Oil seeds & oleaginous fruits Cereals Dairy produce, eggs and honey Wood & articles of wood Plastics & articles thereof Wool yarn and woven fabric Raw hides and leather Products of milling Fish and crustaceans Top 10
US$ 1000 Avg Share in Total Exports (%) 2009-2012 7,242,685 100.0 1,354,196 18.7 860,279 11.9 859,477 11.9 616,907 8.5 456,272 6.3 259,971 3.6 232,805 3.2 223,575 3.1 197,370 2.7 185,418 2.6 5,246,269 72.4
2003 100 45 20 26 6 2 1
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
Source: INTradeBID.
2003 2,197,862 989,923 438,236 563,670 142,779 33,383 29,871
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2004 100 48 22 21 7 2 1
2004 2,930,619 1,392,396 637,297 621,985 196,989 51,830 30,122 2005 100 48 21 20 7 2 2
2005 3,404,318 1,640,271 731,748 674,279 231,403 59,702 66,915
Uruguay - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 50 21 18 7 2 2
2006 3,985,738 2,009,118 818,786 726,894 296,182 69,690 65,068 2007 100 48 21 17 8 2 3
2007 4,495,891 2,169,134 944,683 775,026 373,949 84,065 149,034 2008 100 54 21 13 8 2 1
2008 5,948,797 3,241,132 1,250,314 763,092 490,762 116,483 87,014 2009 100 58 20 11 7 2 2
2009 5,493,214 3,188,371 1,073,733 616,102 381,872 131,418 101,718 2010 100 57 20 11 8 2 1
2010 6,726,965 3,863,995 1,337,416 752,643 570,778 116,042 86,091
2011 100 56 19 12 9 2 1
2011 8,007,662 4,506,491 1,542,172 958,631 751,286 151,944 97,138
2012 100 59 19 11 8 2 2
2012 8,742,900 5,125,798 1,661,500 934,794 677,961 164,423 178,424
Annex: Country Tables
311
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Uruguay - Table 5. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Uruguay - Table 6. Intra-Industry Trade (IIT)
(Index from 0 to infinity; values greater than one reflect comparative advantage, and values less than one reflect a comparative disadvantage. 2011)
(Index from 0 to 1; higher values reflect a greater degree of intra-industry trade in a sector. 2011)
Code 22
Description Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
Code 62
Description Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
IIT 0.9762
1
Meat and meat preparations
22.3
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
0.96098
41
Animal oils and fats
19.63
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
0.95847
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
18.81
79
Other transport equipment
0.94957
24
Cork and wood
16.25
5
Vegetables and fruit
0.90429
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
16.09
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.85759
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
15.56
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
0.85038
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
12.59
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
0.83504
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
11.07
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
0.80741
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
4.17
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.74612
21
Hides, skins and furskins, raw
3.24
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
0.74138
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
2.86
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
0.70969
12
Tobacco and tobacco manufactures
2.69
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.69719
9
Miscellaneous edible products and preparations
2.53
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
0.65662
63
Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
1.72
29
Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s.
0.65612
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
1.58
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.64545
62
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.
1.47
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.60941
82
Furniture, and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
1.47
6
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0.59761
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
1.16
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.59447
55
Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleansing preparations
1.11
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.49715
64
Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
1.11
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.48952
5
Vegetables and fruit
1.07
61
Leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins
0.48255
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
1.05
26
Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
0.46935
53
Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
1
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.43103
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.87
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.41214
58
Plastics in non-primary forms
0.85
3
Fish (not marine mammals), crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof
0.40806
59
Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.
0.84
11
Beverages
0.40489
89
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.
0.8
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.39502
54
Medicinal and pharmaceutical products
0.5
8
Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)
0.38003
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.5
67
Iron and steel
0.36116
52
Inorganic chemicals
0.46
7
Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof
0.33153
65
Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s., and related products
0.46
4
Cereals and cereal preparations
0.32702
78
Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)
0.45
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.32028
66
Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.
0.4
41
Animal oils and fats
0.29514
84
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
0.39
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.25992
57
Plastics in primary forms
0.39
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.2461
11
Beverages
0.26
77
Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.23387
25
Pulp and waste paper
0.19
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.22893
67
Iron and steel
0.19
56
Fertilizers (other than those of group 272)
0.20045
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.16
96
Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender
0.19048
0.11
73
Metalworking machinery
0.15097 0.14131
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment)
0.1
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
68
Non-ferrous metals
0.08
51
Organic chemicals
0.10144
43
Animal or vegetable fats and oils, processed; waxes of animal or vegetable origin; inedible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils, n.e.s.
0.08
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.09196
77
51
Organic chemicals
0.06
27
Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
0.08854
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.06
1
Meat and meat preparations
0.07704
71
Power-generating machinery and equipment
0.06
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.07534
87
Professional, scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s.
0.06
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.06987
69
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.
0.05
24
Cork and wood
0.06639
74
General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s.
0.05
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.06473
79
Other transport equipment
0.05
33
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials
0.05327
28
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
0.05
2
Dairy products and birds' eggs
0.05158
83
Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
0.04
22
Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits
0.04794
73
Metalworking machinery
0.03
0
Live animals other than animals of division 03
0.03905
85
Footwear
0.03
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.03734
42
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude, refined or fractionated
0.03
85
Footwear
0.03283
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.02
81
Prefabricated buildings; sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, n.e.s.
0.02539
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.02
72
Machinery specialized for particular industries
0.02467
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.01963
76
Telecommunications and sound-recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment
0.01
75
Office machines and automatic data-processing machines
0.01538
34
Gas, natural and manufactured
0.01
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0.01449
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0
23
Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
0.00151
88
Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, n.e.s.; watches and clocks
0
97
Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)
0.00002
Source: INTradeBID.
312
RCA 24.34
Source: INTradeBID.
Annex: Country Tables
Uruguay - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
2003 1.25 0.77 … 1.58 1.39 1.32 1.30 1.74 0.70 1.12 … 0.57 1.97 1.26 1.46 … 1.67 1.81 1.29 1.02 0.85 0.85 0.82 … 1.03 — 1.01 0.58 0.79 1.10 1.49 1.23 1.20 0.82
2004 1.23 0.65 2.77 1.82 1.82 1.27 0.95 1.85 0.82 1.37 … 0.59 2.19 1.32 1.46 … 1.71 1.75 1.29 1.01 0.98 0.91 1.04 … 1.05 — 1.16 0.69 0.71 1.10 1.55 1.10 0.91 0.79
2005 1.17 0.60 2.44 1.67 1.50 1.22 0.74 1.85 0.66 1.26 … 0.59 2.45 1.33 1.66 … 1.79 1.65 1.32 1.01 1.18 0.80 1.05 … 0.95 — 0.87 0.67 0.73 1.11 1.53 1.05 0.85 0.79
2006 1.15 0.60 … 1.72 1.47 1.25 0.72 1.71 0.81 1.12 1.35 0.61 2.53 1.37 1.27 … 1.91 1.59 1.33 1.54 1.04 0.63 0.84 … 0.82 — 1.11 0.63 0.78 1.13 1.42 1.04 0.88 0.77
2007 1.18 0.92 … 2.03 1.53 1.40 0.77 1.58 0.86 1.36 1.24 0.69 2.23 1.35 1.20 … 1.62 1.48 1.32 2.11 1.08 0.69 0.94 … 0.83 — 1.75 0.60 0.84 1.14 1.34 1.16 0.86 0.85
2008 1.27 0.93 … 2.09 1.51 1.46 0.72 1.54 0.73 1.13 1.18 0.80 2.14 1.46 1.29 … 1.77 1.54 1.31 2.29 1.11 0.68 1.05 … 0.90 — 3.78 0.55 0.83 1.11 1.39 1.15 0.77 0.91
2009 1.24 0.66 … 1.99 1.78 1.13 0.86 1.64 0.89 1.25 1.29 0.82 2.36 1.49 1.27 … 1.96 1.93 1.21 1.98 0.95 0.63 1.19 … 1.00 — 3.02 0.54 0.84 1.10 1.28 1.24 0.80 0.85
2010 1.08 0.49 … 2.43 1.69 1.02 0.83 1.77 0.88 1.28 1.30 0.85 2.15 1.54 1.61 … 1.68 1.81 1.19 1.73 1.20 0.65 1.16 … 1.11 — … 0.54 0.79 1.08 1.26 1.33 0.77 0.83
2011 0.95 0.43 … 1.75 1.68 0.84 0.68 1.48 0.70 1.04 1.16 0.69 1.72 1.22 1.14 … 1.40 1.46 1.04 1.54 0.91 0.04 1.00 0.90 … — 1.82 0.48 0.76 0.99 1.06 1.17 0.70 0.77
Source: INTradeBID.
313
314
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
9
180
18
479
241
1,931
828
72
272
105
1,268
254
141
320
494
3,015
208
383
88
434
835
Total Tariff Lines
Uruguay - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
9
180
18
479
241
1,931
828
72
272
105
1,268
254
141
320
494
3,015
208
383
88
434
835
4
18
20
8
10
6
12
10
11
24
17
11
7
12
11
7
2
15
10
8
9
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
4
20
20
20
23
20
20
18
20
35
35
16
14
20
18
18
6
35
25
14
28
Maximum Tariff
9
47
18
31
35
127
13
17
10
25
6
74
16
109
46
40
4
4
6
9
2
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
4
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum Tariff
9
6
18
190
73
860
57
8
4
1
28
29
15
51
46
161
69
12
1
79
42
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
4
18
20
2
7
2
14
10
10
25
18
12
6
10
14
2
4
16
10
10
10
Median Tariff
4
18
20
0
0
0
14
18
10
25
18
12
10
20
14
2
4
16
10
10
10
Mode
0.00
4.02
0.00
8.48
9.23
7.74
5.62
6.25
4.33
7.06
5.12
5.67
4.47
6.45
6.58
5.52
1.86
5.04
4.79
4.00
3.43
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
World Latin America and the Caribbean Canada United States EU-27 China Japan Korea, Republic of ASEAN Rest of World
US$ 1000s
2003 12 1 44 12 1 1 0 2 27
25,951,355 3,199,883 294,819 11,533,329 3,045,496 165,295 134,583 14,617 574,929 6,988,404
2003
Venezuela - Table 1. Geographic Profile of Exports
2004 15 1 48 4 1 1 0 2 28
33,625,322 5,045,393 399,519 16,146,259 1,431,121 277,444 203,769 39,663 508,004 9,574,150
2004
2005 10 2 53 7 0 0 0 1 26
54,500,664 5,492,379 1,000,367 29,094,717 3,711,380 216,141 207,767 69,797 465,260 14,242,856
2005
2006 10 1 48 10 0 0 0 1 29
65,692,421 6,843,199 337,315 31,654,015 6,257,421 134,784 235,104 32,133 936,339 19,262,111
2006
2007 23 1 52 10 0 1 0 0 12
16,963,137 3,942,304 150,197 8,888,862 1,768,146 26,283 203,189 1,070 2,839 1,980,247
2007
2008 36 1 30 15 5 1 0 0 13
5,257,445 1,875,684 57,837 1,551,420 796,809 244,387 31,765 1,055 19,199 679,289
2008
2009 36 2 22 13 17 0 0 0 10
1,617,965 585,577 35,179 349,000 210,186 267,802 5,091 4,141 2,889 158,100
2009
2010 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2010
2011 41 1 8 12 21 0 0 0 16
1,956,253 802,276 22,654 153,479 227,534 417,080 6,205 2,611 3,958 320,456
2011
2012 … … … … … … … … …
… … … … … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-11 29 0 -37 0 21 0 0 -2 -11
-27.6 -15.9 -27.4 -41.7 -27.7 12.3 -31.9 -19.4 -46.3 -32.0
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-11
Annex: Country Tables
315
316
Source: INTradeBID.
% Share of Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
Total Exports Food Agricultural Raw Materials Metals Fuels Manufactures Other
US$ 1000s
2003 1 0 4 4 12 79
25,951,355 261,991 37,732 1,069,933 924,529 3,044,247 20,612,923
2003
Venezuela - Table 2. Sectoral Profile of Exports
2004 1 0 4 82 13 …
33,625,322 291,609 36,982 1,455,054 27,552,787 4,288,890 …
2004
2005 0 0 3 87 9 0
54,500,664 250,801 25,645 1,396,483 47,607,249 4,964,698 255,788
2005
2006 0 0 3 72 7 18
65,692,421 228,652 19,813 1,644,731 47,417,138 4,576,551 11,805,536
2006
2007 1 0 7 65 26 …
16,963,137 188,582 16,240 1,263,381 11,085,834 4,409,100 …
2007
2008 3 0 31 6 60 0
5,257,445 135,994 13,309 1,651,538 302,588 3,153,997 19
2008
2009 6 1 39 2 53 …
1,617,965 89,011 8,111 630,378 29,685 860,780 …
2009
2010 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2010
2011 2 1 38 4 53 2
1,956,253 46,160 10,028 746,934 71,983 1,039,860 41,288
2011
2012 … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
2012
Change % 03-11 1 0 34 0 41 -77
Avg. Annual Growth Rate 03-11 -28 -20 -15 -4 -27 -13 -54
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Source: INTradeBID.
As % of Total Exports Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions
US$ 1000s Total Trade Primary Products Resource-based Manufactures Low Technology Manufactures Medium Technology Manufactures High Technology Manufactures Other Transactions 2003 100 5 6 2 7 1 80
2003 25,951,355 1,248,112 1,544,154 579,762 1,727,198 182,413 20,669,716 2004 100 60 29 3 8 0 0
2004 33,625,322 20,106,736 9,810,443 886,270 2,573,317 167,974 80,582 2005 100 69 23 2 6 0 1
2005 54,500,664 37,361,380 12,586,055 933,056 3,087,515 148,070 384,588
Venezuela - Table 4. Technology Content of Merchandise Exports to the World
2006 100 72 4 1 5 0 18
2006 65,692,421 47,317,848 2,495,270 870,386 2,959,566 141,248 11,908,103 2007 100 65 11 8 14 1 1
2007 16,963,137 11,087,459 1,884,913 1,318,407 2,420,106 133,089 119,163 2008 100 18 25 11 41 2 2
2008 5,257,445 965,632 1,331,258 588,144 2,137,830 112,808 121,773 2009 100 18 33 10 34 4 1
2009 1,617,965 286,956 539,096 155,689 555,111 62,806 18,307 2010 … … … … … … …
2010 … … … … … … …
2011 100 34 19 6 34 3 4
2011 1,956,253 671,953 367,635 109,414 665,544 61,118 80,589
2012 … … … … … … …
2012 … … … … … … …
Annex: Country Tables
317
Trade and Integration Monitor 2013
Venezuela - Table 7. Trade Complementarity Index LAC Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela USA Canada EU-27 Japan China Korea ASEAN
Source: INTradeBID.
318
2003 1.01 1.53 … 0.72 1.02 0.97 1.41 1.17 1.23 0.82 … 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.13 … 1.05 1.02 0.80 1.11 0.94 1.32 1.14 … 1.72 1.24 — 0.82 1.01 1.07 1.48 1.35 1.89 0.98
2004 0.78 0.46 1.40 0.14 0.14 0.75 1.48 1.70 0.40 0.94 … 0.38 1.34 1.27 0.21 … 1.49 2.17 0.32 1.83 1.27 1.44 1.66 … 2.42 2.19 — 1.10 0.73 0.86 1.64 1.04 1.89 1.35
2005 0.71 0.36 1.17 1.02 1.22 0.70 1.29 1.50 0.35 0.77 … 0.70 1.11 1.02 1.70 … 1.17 1.74 0.32 1.36 0.98 0.88 1.56 … 2.94 1.89 — 1.11 0.74 0.86 1.71 0.92 1.86 1.29
2006 0.55 0.21 … 0.10 0.14 0.15 1.21 1.63 0.25 0.40 0.13 0.24 0.80 0.16 0.14 … 0.16 1.09 0.15 1.41 0.14 0.12 1.61 … 3.60 2.04 — 1.18 0.79 0.87 2.07 1.11 2.18 1.07
2007 0.72 0.50 … 0.26 0.30 0.46 1.29 1.32 0.73 0.66 0.82 0.81 1.01 0.47 0.38 … 0.39 1.03 0.35 1.30 0.31 0.44 1.44 … 2.75 1.41 — 1.11 0.86 0.91 1.79 1.10 2.05 1.14
2008 0.98 1.63 … 0.50 0.69 0.96 1.09 0.86 1.19 0.85 0.66 1.07 1.15 0.92 0.65 … 0.78 0.74 0.86 0.67 0.65 0.93 0.88 … 1.94 0.78 — 0.80 0.96 1.08 1.72 2.21 1.95 1.03
2009 0.88 1.38 … 0.67 0.67 1.10 0.78 0.73 0.90 0.68 0.56 0.82 0.71 0.73 0.72 … 0.70 0.77 0.96 0.63 0.76 0.75 0.89 … 1.13 0.70 — 0.75 0.95 1.05 1.43 2.58 1.72 0.92
2010 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2011 0.56 1.17 … 0.34 0.57 0.40 0.49 0.47 0.59 0.35 0.39 0.48 0.39 0.38 0.33 … 0.36 0.44 0.55 0.36 0.37 0.07 0.43 0.89 … 0.36 … 0.49 0.60 0.73 1.28 2.65 1.41 0.57
Vegetable Products
Animal/Vegetable Fats
Processed Foods/Tobacco
Mineral Products
Chemical/Industrial Products
Plastics/Rubber
Animal Hides/Skins
Wood/Wood Articles
Paper/Cellulose Material
Textiles
Footwear/Misc. Articles
Stone/Glassware
Precious/Semiprec. Mat.
Base Metals
Machinery/Electrical Equip.
Motor Vehicles/Vessels
Precision Instruments
Arms/Munitions
Misc. Manufactured Articles
Art/Antiques
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Source: INTradeBID.
Live Animals/Products
2
Section Name
1
Section
8
150
28
301
201
1,144
683
57
161
58
926
206
98
80
297
1,352
200
284
65
378
265
Total Tariff Lines
Venezuela - Table 8. MFN Tariff Profile, 2012
8
150
28
301
201
1,144
683
57
161
58
926
206
98
80
297
1,347
200
248
27
348
217
10
18
16
7
15
10
11
12
14
19
18
13
13
12
13
7
6
19
16
13
17
Number of Ad Valorem Tariff Average Tariff Lines
20
35
20
20
40
20
20
20
20
20
20
35
30
20
35
20
15
35
20
20
20
Maximum Tariff
4
1
15
17
19
79
47
11
14
44
664
3
1
24
3
30
4
6
8
30
153
Number of Tariff Lines at the Maximum
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
5
5
15
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
5
10
5
5
Minimum Tariff
4
8
5
205
10
1
7
2
14
14
14
15
17
25
1
2
1
4
1
64
22
Number of Tariff Lines at the Minimum
10
20
20
5
15
10
10
10
15
20
20
15
15
10
15
5
5
20
15
15
20
Median Tariff
0
20
20
5
15
5
15
10
15
20
20
15
15
5
15
5
5
20
15
15
20
Mode
10.69
4.04
5.73
4.25
10.72
5.03
4.99
4.24
3.52
2.16
3.28
6.34
4.72
6.11
6.18
3.46
2.37
4.05
2.63
4.45
5.51
Standard Deviation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
36
38
30
48
Number of Non Ad Valorem Tariff Lines
Annex: Country Tables
319