this technical note will examine the development of the fuel ethanol industry in the united states, biodiesel in the european union, and fuel ethanol and biodiesel in brazil, in an effort to understand how the biofuel industry has developed in these regions. it will also evaluate the enabling environment that exists in each to support the growth of a nascent biofuels industry, via fiscal and economic incentives. the latin america and the caribbean (lac) countries have a great potential to develop a sustainable biofuels economy. however, in spite of the favorable conditions for biofuels production in the lac region and the benefits they might bring, the development of a biofuel industry has been uneven in the region. to date, the development of biofuels has taken place in argentina, brazil, colombia, costa rica, el salvador, mexico, paraguay, and peru.