Fluid Power Journal March 2019

March 2019

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

Saving COST, WEIGHT & SPACE ON

trucks See how on p.32

ENABLING

CONNECTIVITY

FOR INDUSTRY 4.0

Innovative Designs & Publishing • 3245 Freemansburg Avenue • Palmer, PA 18045-7118

UNIVERSAL

VACUUM GRIPPERS AND END OF ARM TOOLS

Nonprofit Organization US Postage PAID Bolingbrook, IL Permit #323

Take Your Best

SHOTS 2019 PHOTO & VIDEO CONTEST

T

he IFPS and the Fluid Power Journal are excited to announce the addition of a video contest to its annual photo contest.

Both contests will run January 1 through March 31, 2019. The winners will be announced on June 19th – Fluid Power Professionals’ Day! DID SOMEONE SAY PRIZE MONEY? Absolutely! 1st place - $250, 2nd place - $100, 3rd place - $50, People’s Choice - $100 PHOTO CATEGORIES: 1. New Perspective: Photos that show fluid power used in novel ways and from views not everyone gets to see.

2. Teamwork: Photos of people working together using fluid power to get the job done.

3. Fun with Fluid Power: Photos that capture the joy of using, learning, or teaching about hydraulics and pneumatics.

4. The Muscle of Fluid Power: Photos that capture the might of fluid power in action.

VIDEO CATEGORIES: Contest submissions must be 90 seconds or less in length.

1. What Is Fluid Power? Explain fluid power to someone outside the industry.

2. Benefits of Certification: How has certification helped in your career?

3. Safety: Everyday safety solutions.

ONE PHOTO/VIDEO PER CATEGORY PER PERSON

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com to enter the contests.

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

www.nfpa.com

www.ifps.org

www.cfpa.ca

Keeping North America On the Move What do a major aircraft manufacturer, class 1 railroad, massive paper distributor, and top department of the United States have in common? They all use Yates Cylinders.

Whether it’s moving goods or people, the transportation industry relies on hydraulic cylinders. For over 45 years, Yates Cylinders has been supplying North American OEM manufacturers with new and repaired cylinders that are durable, reliable and operate at peak performance throughout the continent.

Yates Industries Inc.

Yates Cylinders Alabama

Yates Cylinders Georgia

23050 Industrial Dr. E. St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 Phone: 586.778.7680 Fax: 586.778.6565 sales@yatesind.com

55 Refreshment Place Decatur, AL 35601 Phone: 256.351.8081 Fax: 256.351.8571 decatur@yatesind.com

7750 The Bluffs Austell, GA 30168 Phone: 678.355.2240 Fax: 678.355.2241 salesga@yatesind.com

www.yatesind.com CIRCLE 257

IN THIS ISSUE

MARCH 2019

VOLUME 26 • ISSUE 3

Features 10 Repair or Replace: Welded Style, Tie Rod Style, or Mill Duty Style?

16 Applying Control Theory: Interpret Bode Diagrams

14

32

24 Transforming Our Thinking About: Energy Units 26 Universal Vacuum Grippers and End of Arm Tools 32 Saving Cost, Weight, & Space On Trucks 36 Enabling IIoT Connectivity for Industry 4.0

24 Publisher’s Note: The information provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. While all efforts have been taken to ensure the technical accuracy of the material enclosed, Fluid Power Journal is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, currency, or reliability of any information, statement, opinion, or advice contained in a third party’s material. Fluid Power Journal will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on information obtained in this publication.

Departments 4 5 11 12

14

18 22 29 35 38 39 39

Notable Words IFPS Update Figure It Out Component Showcase Compressed Air Systems NFPA Update Literature Review Product Spotlight Then and Now Research to Watch Industry News Classifieds

TARGET YOUR CUSTOMERS WITH GEO-FENCING Reach attendees at industry events via Fluid Power Journal’s geo-fencing program. Through geo-fencing you will be able to tap into a highly targeted audience of potential clients who are actively in the market for your products and services. With geo-fencing we are able to create a virtual geographic boundary around an area by means of GPS or RFID technology. We are then able to serve your digital marketing message to people that enter this virtual fence and have their mobile location services turned on.

SOME POTENTIAL TRADE SHOWS: • Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) - May 6-9, 2019 • The Pack Expo - September 23-25, 2019 • International Construction & Utility Equipment Exposition (ICUEE) - October 1-3, 2019 • Motion & Power Technology Expo - October 15-17, 2019

PACKAGE: • 6 month minimum commitment • 100,000 impressions per month • 5 fences or events (can be a combination) • 1 set of creative • Monthly reporting

Contact your Fluid Power Journal sales rep for more information

DISPLAY ADVERTISING Programmatic Division

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N OTA B L E WO R D S

Grow Your Career With Intention

By Alan Froslie, CFPHS, CFPAI, Airline Hydraulics

»

GEORGE BURNS ONCE joked that the first thing he did in the morning was check the obituary section of the newspaper.

If he wasn’t in it, he got out of bed.

I also read through obituaries, but not for the same reason George did. Instead, I like reading the stories of people’s lives.

Where they were born. Where they went to school. Did the serve in the military? Did they go to war and what did they do when they got back? Their marriages, children, hobbies, and pastimes. Some were avid fishermen or hunters; others liked to read, or knit, or just spend time with friends and family. Many enjoyed traveling, or motorcycling, or maybe they restored a classic car in their retirement.

One aspect I always note is their vocations. Some moved from job to job with no consistent career path. They never stayed in any field and built on it. A few, however, found a pursuit that they stayed with for a lifetime. Maybe they worked their way up from a delivery driver to a manager, going to night school and, eventually buying the business and growing it into a thriving operation. You can see a progression building upon education, years of experience, and ongoing training as they develop into experts in their fields. I often wonder how they determined their path? Was it intentional or something that developed out of necessity along the way?

I have been in fluid power for all my working life. I went to a fluid power vocational school, and I have been employed in the industry for over 30 years. Even when I did a tour in the Marines, I was able to become a helicopter hydraulics mechanic and get hands-on experience. I have sought to improve my knowledge and expertise not just in the technical aspects of the field, but also in sales, business relationships, 4

MARCH 2019

computers, and controls. I became a Certified Fluid Power Specialist back in the 1990s. The International Fluid Power Society has been part of my growth and progression, offering a pathway as I built my expertise. Of course, along the way, I made mistakes and miscalculations. I was distracted and diverted, but managed to find my way back to a career in fluid power.

Overall, I feel there are three stages in life.

First as a student, knowing nothing, but gradually learning your way in the world.

Secondly as a doer, using what you know and have learned to both support yourself and contribute to humanity. Finally, as a mentor or teacher, passing on what you know to those coming up to continue the cycle. These stages don’t necessarily occur in sequence, but repeatedly occur and diminish as one moves through life.

Now I’m in a position where I can pass on what I’ve learned to new people in the industry. Again, the IFPS is there with a pathway for progression. I achieved my Accredited Instructor Certification and began working with a local community college in their Mechatronics program as a Fluid Power Instructor. I’m also working on a certification program within my company, and plan to use the training resources of the IFPS to help achieve this objective.

To sum up, I believe that success, however it is defined, can best be achieved by planning for and building a career through education and experience. The fluid power industry offers a variety of career paths.

Whether you’re a hands-on mechanic, a sales and application specialist, or a degreed engineer, don’t just look for a job or a class.

Look for the first step in your career path.

The International Fluid Power Society offers pathways to guide and validate your growth.

Start your journey today. 

PUBLISHER Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc. 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118 Tel: 800-730-5904 or 610-923-0380 Fax: 610-923-0390 • Email: Art@FluidPowerJournal.com www.FluidPowerJournal.com

Founders: Paul and Lisa Prass

Associate Publisher: Bob McKinney Editor: Candace Nicholson

Technical Editor: Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC - CFPSOS LLC

Art Director: Quynh Vo Eastern Region Acct Executive: Norma Abrunzo Western Region Acct Executive: Cindy Hamm Director of Creative Services: Erica Montes Accounting: Donna Bachman, Sarah Varano

Circulation Manager: Andrea Karges INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY 1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite A-2, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003-2141 Tel: 856-489-8983 • Fax: 856-424-9248 Email: AskUs@ifps.org • Web: www.ifps.org 2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President & Chairperson: Timothy M. White, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMIH, CFPMMH, CFPMIP, CFPMT, CFPMM - The Boeing Company

Immediate Past President: Dean Houdeshell, PE, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Cemen Tech Inc.

First Vice President: Jeff Kenney, CFPIHM, CFPMHM, CFPMHT - Hydradyne, LLC

Treasurer: Jeff Hodges, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMHM - Altec Industries, Inc. Vice President Certification: Denis Poirier, Jr., CFPAI/AJPP, CFPHS, CFPIHM, CFPCC Eaton Corporation

Vice President Marketing

& Public Relations: Scott Nagro, CFPS HydraForce, Inc.

Vice President Education: Kenneth Dulinski, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPECS, CFPHS, CFPMIH, CFPMMH - Macomb Community College

Vice President Membership: Rocky Phoenix, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Open Loop Energy, Inc. DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS - OneHydrauics, Inc. John A. Bibaeff, Jr., CFPHS, CFPCC - Lamb Services, Inc. Randy Bobbitt, CFPHS - Danfoss Power Solutions Cary Boozer, PE, CFPE, CFPS - Motion Industries, Inc. Elisabeth DeBenedetto, CFPS - Argo-Hytos Brandon Gustafson, PE, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHM - Graco, Inc. James O’Halek, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMM, CFPCC - The Boeing Company Edwin Rybarczyk, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS - E. R. Consultants, Inc. Scott Sardina, PE, CFPAI, CFPHS - Waterclock Engineering Mohaned Shahin, CFPS - Parker Hannifin Randy Smith, CFPS - Northrop Grumman Corp.

HONORARY DIRECTORS Paul Prass - Innovative Designs & Publishing Elizabeth Rehfus, CFPE, CFPS, Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP - CFC Industrial Training IFPS STAFF

Executive Director: Donna Pollander, ACA Communications Manager: Adele Kayser

Technical Director: Thomas Blansett, CFPS, CFPAI Certification Logistics Manager: Susan Apostle

Certification Coordinator: Kyle Pollander

Bookkeeper: Diane McMahon

Administrative Assistant: Beth Borodziuk

Fluid Power Journal (ISSN# 1073-7898) is the official publication of the International Fluid Power Society published bi-monthly with four supplemental issues, including a Systems Integrator Directory, Off-Highway Suppliers Directory, Tech Directory, and Manufacturers Directory, by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc., 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118.

All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part of any material in this publication is acceptable with credit. Publishers assume no liability for any information published. We reserve the right to accept or reject all advertising material and will not guarantee the return or safety of unsolicited art, photographs or manuscripts.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

Tools for Success Ways to prepare for a certification test or to enhance your knowledge base: ANIMATED CIRCUITS: These animated presentations are available on flash drives and can be used by: individual interested in learning component function and circuit operation • Any

• Instructors

to assist in Hydraulic Specialist (HS) Certification review training • Individuals

to enhance their preparation to take the HS Certification test.

Hydraulic Circuits – 30 animated, color-coded .mp4 and .wmv files of each circuit operation using ANSI-recognized color designations. $99 Pneumatic Circuits – 14 animated, color-coded .mp4 and .wmv files of each circuit operation using ANSI-recognized color designations. $99 INTERACTIVE STUDY MANUAL: Whether you are studying for the Hydraulic Specialist (HS) Certification test or simply want to amplify your existing hydraulics skills in a convenient and flexible environment, the new interactive HS Study Manual is here to help. $349 PRINT STUDY MANUALS – to help you prepare for a Certification Test!

CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING – offered through well-respected organizations and taught by IFPS Accredited Instructors.

LOW EZY FILTERS IN-HOUSE REVIEW TRAINING – an IFPS Accredited Instructor will come to yourFiltration company location (minimum 10 individuals) Magnetic

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WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Monoblock 12GPM, 16GPM, 21GPM Sectional 13GPM, 21GPM, 37GPM, 63GPM 4600 psi, DC, Air

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I F P S U P D AT E

UPCOMING EVENTS IFPS 2019 Spring Meeting March 11-14, 2019 Embassy Suites - Savanah, GA Fluid Power Technology Conference May 13-15, 2019, Milwaukee, WI IFPS 2019 Annual Meeting September 23–27, 2019, Seattle, WA MOTION+POWER Technology Expo October 15-17, 2019, Detroit, MI IFPS Accredited Instructor & Job Performance Proctor Workshops October 21-23, 2019, Houston, TX

2020 IFPS 2020 Spring Meeting February 24-28, 2020, Location tbd IFPE 2020 March 10-14, 2020, Las Vegas, NV

John Groot Receives IFPS Emeritus Certification Status

»

JOHN GROOT AWARDED Emeritus Certification status during the IFPS 2018 Annual Meeting. Mr. Groot is the second recipient of the IFPS’ Emeritus Certification for his years of dedication and his vital contributions to the IFPS Certification Programs.

The IFPS defines Emeritus status as one who is no longer employed in the fluid power industry, who may still make contributions, permission to retain, as an honorary title, his/her certification for the rest of their life.

“John Groot, CFPPS-Emeritus, gave hours beyond measure to the IFPS and other industry organizations. The IFPS certification program would not be what it is today if not for his time, passion and perseverance,” said Dean Houdeshell, 2018 IFPS President. “John served on the IFPS Board of Directors for many years, worked with FIRST Robotics Competitions for many years, and was the first IFPS Web designer and that was before people knew what the World Wide Web was!”

A candidate for IFPS Emeritus Certification must meet certain requirements, including nomination by at least three IFPS members in good standing, at least one of whom must be a current or past board member, and maintained continuous IFPS certification for at least 20 years.

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WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

»

THE SUCCESS OF the fluid power industry, both in hydraulics and in pneumatics, is not in its hardware, pumps, valves, cylinders, and hoses, but rather the success is through the efforts of our dedicated individuals: innovators, researchers, application engineers, educators, as well as sales and service personnel. These people are the reasons that our industry continues to thrive.

A special award has been established to acknowledge those individuals who have dedicated their careers, and have made significant contributions to fluid power technology. The International Fluid Power Society, 2019 Hall of Fame host, is accepting nominations for the 2019 Inaugural Class of the Fluid Power Hall of Fame. Nominees and award recipients will be announced on June 19, 2019 – Fluid Power Professionals’ Day. Any person can nominate an individual, living or deceased, who demonstrated excellence within their 25+ year fluid power career. Nominations accepted January 1 – April 15, 2019.

Nominations Accepted January 1 - April 15, 2019

for the Inaugural Class of 2019

ELIGIBILITY FOR THE AWARD • Verifiable

25 cumulative years in the fluid power industry.

• Those

nominated will be asked to complete a 13-question application.

SELECTION OF AWARD RECIPIENTS •A panel of judges will review and select the 2019 Inaugural Class of the Fluid Power Hall of Fame.

To nominate someone (other than yourself), visit ifps.org/hall-of-fame

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I F P S U P D AT E

Certification Testing Locations ndividuals wishing to take any IFPS written certification tests can select from convenient locations across the United States and Canada.

The IFPS is able to offer these locations through its affiliation with The Consortium of College Testing Centers (CCTC) provided by National College Testing Association (NCTA).

I

TESTING DATES FOR ALL LOCATIONS: April 2019 Tuesday 4/2 • Thursday 4/25 May 2019 Tuesday 5/7 • Thursday 5/23 June 2019 Tuesday 6/4 • Thursday 6/20 July 2019 Tuesday 7/2 • Thursday 7/25 August 2019 Tuesday 8/6 • Thursday 8/22

ALASKA Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK ALABAMA Auburn, AL Birmingham, AL Huntsville, AL Jacksonville, AL Mobile, AL Montgomery, AL Normal, AL Tuscaloosa, AL ARIZONA Flagstaff, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Prescott, AZ Safford, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Tempe, AZ Thatcher, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ ARKANSAS Bentonville, AR Hot Springs, AR Little Rock, AR CALIFORNIA Aptos, CA Arcata, CA Bakersfield, CA Encinitas, CA Fresno, CA Irvine, CA Marysville, CA Riverside, CA Salinas, CA San Diego, CA San Jose, CA San Luis Obispo, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Maria, CA Santa Rosa, CA Yucaipa, CA COLORAD0 Aurora, CO Boulder, CO Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO Durango, CO Ft. Collins, CO Greeley, CO Lakewood, CO Littleton, CO Pueblo, CO DELAWARE Dover, DE Georgetown, DE FLORIDA Avon Park, FL Boca Raton, FL Cocoa, FL Davie, FL Daytona Beach, FL Fort Pierce, FL Ft. Myers, FL Gainesville, FL Miami Gardens, FL

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MARCH 2019

New Port Richey, FL Orlando, FL Panama City, FL Pembroke Pines, FL Pensacola, FL Plant City, FL Sanford, FL Tampa, FL Winter Haven, FL GEORGIA Albany, GA Athens, GA Atlanta, GA Carrollton, GA Dahlonega, GA Dublin, GA Dunwoody, GA Lawrenceville, GA Morrow, GA Oakwood, GA Statesboro, GA Tifton, GA Valdosta, GA HAWAII Laie, HI IDAHO Boise, ID Coeur d ‘Alene, ID Idaho Falls, ID Lewiston, ID Moscow, ID Nampa, ID Rexburg, ID Twin Falls, ID ILLINOIS Carbondale, IL Carterville, IL Champaign, IL Decatur, IL DeKalb, IL Edwardsville, IL Elk Grove, IL Glen Ellyn, IL Joliet, IL Malta, IL Peoria, IL Springfield, IL INDIANA Bloomington, IN Evansville, IN Fort Wayne, IN Gary, IN Indianapolis, IN Kokomo, IN Lafayette, IN Lawrenceburg, IN Madison, IN Muncie, IN New Albany, IN Sellersburg, IN South Bend, IN Terre Haute, IN IOWA Ames, IA Cedar Rapids, IA Iowa City, IA Ottumwa, IA Sioux City, IA Waterloo, IA

KANSAS Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS Wichita, KS KENTUCKY Bowling Green, KY Covington, KY Highland Heights, KY Louisville, KY Morehead, KY LOUISIANA Bossier City, LA Monroe, LA Natchitoches, LA New Orleans, LA Thibodaux, LA MARYLAND Arnold, MD Bel Air, MD Frederick, MD Hagerstown, MD La Plata, MD Westminster, MD Wye Mills, MD MASSACHUSETTS Boston, MA Bridgewater, MA Danvers, MA Haverhill, MA Holyoke, MA MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI Big Rapids, MI Dearborn, MI Dowagiac, MI East Lansing, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Livonia, MI Mount Pleasant, MI Sault Ste. Marie, MI Troy, MI University Center, MI Warren, MI MINNESOTA Brooklyn Park, MN Eden Prairie, MN Granite Falls, MN Mankato, MN Morris, MN MISSISSIPPI Goodman, MS Mississippi State, MS Raymond, MS University, MS MISSOURI Cape Girardeau, MO Cottleville, MO Joplin, MO Kirksville, MO Park Hills, MO Poplar Bluff, MO Rolla, MO Sedalia, MO St. Joseph, MO St. Louis, MO Warrensburg, MO

MONTANA Bozeman, MT Missoula, MT NEBRASKA Bellevue, NE Lincoln, NE North Platte, NE Omaha, NE NEVADA Henderson, NV North Las Vegas, NV Winnemucca, NV NEW JERSEY Branchburg, NJ Lincroft, NJ Sewell, NJ Toms River, NJ West Windsor, NJ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NM Clovis, NM Farmington, NM Portales, NM Santa Fe, NM NEW YORK Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Garden City, NY Middletown, NY New York, NY Syracuse, NY NORTH CAROLINA Apex, NC Asheville, NC Boone, NC Charlotte, NC Durham, NC Fayetteville, NC Greenville, NC Jamestown, NC Misenheimer, NC Pembroke, NC Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck, ND Fargo, ND OHIO Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH Columbus, OH Fairfield, OH Findlay, OH Kirtland, OH Lima, OH Maumee, OH Newark, OH Rio Grande, OH Toledo, OH Youngstown, OH OKLAHOMA Altus, OK Bethany, OK Edmond, OK Norman, OK Oklahoma City, OK Stillwater, OK Tonkawa, OK Tulsa, OK

OREGON Bend, OR Coos Bay, OR Eugene, OR Gresham, OR Medford, OR Oregon City, OR Portland, OR White City, OR PENNSYLVANIA Bethlehem, PA Bloomsburg, PA Blue Bell, PA Gettysburg, PA Harrisburg, PA Lancaster, PA Newtown, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA York, PA SOUTH CAROLINA Beaufort, SC Charleston, SC Columbia, SC Conway, SC Greenwood, SC Orangeburg, SC Rock Hill, SC Spartanburg, SC TENNESSE Blountville, TN Clarksville, TN Collegedale, TN Gallatin, TN Johnson City, TN Memphis, TN Morristown, TN Murfreesboro, TN Nashville, TN TEXAS Abilene, TX Arlington, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Commerce, TX Corpus Christi, TX Dallas, TX Denison, TX El Paso, TX Houston, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Lufkin, TX Mesquite, TX Weatherford, TX Wichita Falls, TX UTAH Cedar City, UT Kaysville, UT Logan, UT Ogden, UT Orem, UT Salt Lake City, UT VIRGINIA Daleville, VA Lynchburg, VA Norfolk, VA Roanoke, VA Virginia Beach, VA

WASHINGTON Bellingham, WA Bremerton, WA Ellensburg, WA Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Shoreline, WA Spokane, WA WISCONSIN Fond du Lac, WI La Crosse, WI Milwaukee, WI WYOMING Casper, WY Laramie, WY Torrington, WY ASIA Kingdom of Bahrain AUSTRALIA Rockingham, WA CANADA Calgary, AB Edmonton, AB Fort McMurray, AB Lethbridge, AB Lloydminster, AB Olds, AB Red Deer, AB Abbotsford, BC Burnaby, BC Castlegar, BC Delta, BC Kamloops, BC Nanaimo, BC Prince George, BC Richmond, BC Surrey, BC Vancouver, BC Victoria, BC Brandon, MB Winnipeg, MB Bathurst, NB Moncton, NB St. John’s, NL Halifax, NS Brockville, ON Hamilton, ON Mississauga, ON Niagara-on-theLake, ON North Bay, ON North York, ON Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON Welland, ON Windsor, ON Côte Saint-Luc, QB Montrea, QB Montreal, QB Melfort, SK Moose Jaw, SK Nipawin, SK Prince Albert, SK Saskatoon, SK Whitehorse, YT ENGLAND London, ENG NEW ZEALAND Taradale, NZ UNITED KINGDOM Elgin, UK

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

AVAILABLE IFPS CERTIFICATIONS CFPAI Certified Fluid Power Accredited Instructor

Certification Review Training

CFPAJPP Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor

In-house Review Training – an IFPS Accredited Instructor will come to your company (minimum 10 individuals)

CFPAJPPCC Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor Connector & Conductor

HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST (HS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details April 1-4, 2019 - Eden Prairie, MN - Hydraulicstraining@eaton.com | Written test: April 5, 2019 May 13-16, 2019 - Maumee, OH - Hydraulicstraining@eaton.com | Written test: May 17, 2019 June 18-20, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written test: June 21, 2019 September 16-19, 2019 - Maumee, OH - Hydraulicstraining@eaton.com | Written test: September 20, 2019 October 21-23, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written test: October 24, 2019 November 4-7, 2019 - Eden Prairie, MN - Hydraulicstraining@eaton.com | Written test: November 8, 2019

ELECTRONIC CONTROLS (ECS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details October 1-3, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written test: October 4, 2019

PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST (PS) CERTIFICATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details October 15-17, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written test: October 18, 2019

CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR (CC) CERTIFICATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details June 10-11, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written and JP test: June 12, 2019 November 6-7, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written and JP test: November 8, 2019

CFPE Certified Fluid Power Engineer CFPS Certified Fluid Power Specialist (Must Obtain CFPHS, CFPPS) CFPHS Certified Fluid Power Hydraulic Specialist CFPPS Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Specialist CFPECS Certified Fluid Power Electronic Controls Specialist CFPMT Certified Fluid Power Master Technician (Must Obtain CFPIHT, CFPMHT, & CFPPT) CFPIHT Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Technician CFPMHT Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Technician CFPPT Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Technician CFPMM Certified Fluid Power Master Mechanic (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPMHM, & CFPPM) CFPIHM Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Mechanic CFPMHM Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic CFPPM Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Mechanic CFPMIH Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPIHT, & CFPCC) CFPMMH Certified Fluid Power Master of Mobile Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPMHM, CFPMHT, & CFPCC) CFPMIP Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Pneumatics (Must Obtain CFPPM, CFPPT, & CFPCC) CFPCC Certified Fluid Power Connector & Conductor CFPSD Fluid Power System Designer CFPMEC (In Development) Mobile Electronic Controls CFPIEC (In Development) Industrial Electronic Controls

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (MHM) CERTIFICATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details March 18-19, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written and JP test: March 20-21, 2019 July 22-23, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com | Written and JP test: July 24-25, 2019 Online Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic Certification Review (for written test) offered through Info@ cfcindustrialtraining.com , Inc. This course takes you through all chapters of the MHM Study Manual (6.5 hours) and every outcome to prepare you for the written MHM test. Members receive 20% off.

(Test fees are additional - separate registration required.)

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (IHM) CERTIFICATION Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details August 26-28, 2019 - Fairfield, OH - CFC Industrial Training | Written and JP test: August 29, 2019

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN (IHT) CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio

MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN (MHT) CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio

PNEUMATIC TECHNICIAN (PT) and PNEUMATIC MECHANIC CERTIFICATION REVIEW TRAINING Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details Call for dates. Phone: 513-874-3225 - CFC Industrial Training, Fairfield, Ohio

JOB PERFORMANCE (JP) TRAINING Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details Online Job Performance Review - CFC Industrial Training offers online JP Reviews which includes stations 1-6 of the IFPS mechanic and technician job performance tests. Members may e-mail askus@ifps.org for a 20% coupon code off the list price or get the code in our Members’ Only area for the entire IFPS Job Performance Review; test not included.

LIVE DISTANCE LEARNING JOB PERFORMANCE STATION REVIEW Onsite review training for small groups – contact kpollander@ifps.org for details E-mail Info@cfcindustrialtraining.com for information.

MARCH 2019

9

REPAIR OR

REPLACE

WELDED STYLE, TIE ROD STYLE, OR MILL DUTY STYLE?

By Jeffrey Kenney, CFPIHT, CFPIHM, CFPMHM, CFPMHT, Hydradyne LLC

O

ver my career in cylinder remanufacturing, there have been two questions end-users always ask: Repair or replace? And should I replace with a welded style, tie rod style or mill duty style?

The correct answer to these questions can help keep manufacturing plants and mobile equipment up and running. I have spent many hours on the phone with Paul Johnson from Aggressive Hydraulics on this subject and here are some of our collaborated thoughts:

REPAIR OR REPLACE? It is critical when recommending end-users to repair or replace to consider several key elements. What is the application? Is it a critical part of their process or machine operation? What are the labor hours required to remove and install? How many cycles are required per minute, per hour, per day? What is the environment? Hot or cold? Outside or inside?

What are the pressure requirements? How old is the current cylinder?

The age of the cylinder can greatly affect the decision to repair or replace.

Stress can fatigue welds and steel, and other materials can weaken over time.

All of these are just the beginning stages of getting your customer an answer to help them decide to repair or replace.

Consequently, answering all the questions above, as well as a thorough site visit to see the application and understand mounting requirements, are necessary to determine if a welded style, tie rod style, or mill duty style is the right choice for a cylinder replacement.

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MARCH 2019

WELDED STYLE, TIE ROD STYLE OR MILL DUTY STYLE—WHICH ONE IS BETTER? Is one better than the other? All these styles have their value if placed in the right application. A cylinder, regardless of where it is being used, must be “Application Specific, Purpose Built” to match the application.

Only then will the end-user get the maximum return on their investment, regardless if they decide to repair or replace.

What is also critical is the end-user’s selection of the re-manufacture or repair company they want to use. Two types the end-user can choose from are the “Fix It” shops and the “GM Goodwrench” companies. “Fix It” companies will often insist that repair is the best option, which often is best for their bottom line, but may not produce a quality reliable cylinder. The “GM Goodwrench” companies are driven from the very start to remanufacture with OEM or better-quality parts and procedures.

These companies are quality driven, and to them, re-manufacture or replace is a decision based on what is best for the end-user and not their labor usage to just keep people busy.

Overall, cylinders are not as simple as they may seem. They are a vital part of machine operation and provide reliability to keep processes and jobs moving smoothly. No matter what end-users do, repair or replace, welded style, tie rod style, or mill style, it all comes down to selecting a supplier that takes the “GM Goodwrench” approach and provides a product that is “Application Specific, Purpose Built.” 

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

FIGURE IT OUT

If you have any questions about the details, please contact Robert Sheaf at rjsheaf@cfc-solar.com.

New Problem

Concrete Truck Hydrostatic System Overheats When Carrying a Full Load

By Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH, CFPMM, CFC Industrial Training

»

WHEN I HAD my hydraulic repair shop several years ago, we would rebuild hydrostatic pumps and motors for a local concrete company. They had a fleet of 15 or so concrete trucks that supplied the local contractors with their ready-mix concrete needs.

From time to time they would order just the gear type charge pumps for the main pump, but with a larger displacement. I inquired as to why they just needed these charge pumps and not the complete hydrostatic pump. They would tell me that the pump was slow to respond from a drop in the charge pressure. The attached circuit is the original used on the trucks.

One of the truck drivers complained to the owner that some of the trucks hydraulic systems were overly hot when they carried a full load. For some reason, he felt that the larger displacement gear pumps we were supplying must be causing the problem. He insisted that we should look at supplying them with a different brand of pump that would not cause the overheating problem.

The gear pumps were the same brand as the original unit and we were supplying new pumps except with a larger displacement. Any idea what was causing the overheating problem?

S

olution to the previous problem: Changing Cylinder Size Causes A Drifting Problem

Drifting single rod cylinders with a blocked center spool is not an uncommon problem. Many people don’t realize that when the “P” port on sliding spool directional valves is blocked, pressure causes oil to leak into the “A” and “B” ports. This leakage normally would build up to ½ of the system pressure present at the “P” port. Also, blocked “A” and “B” ports will leak to the “T” port if under pressure. Cylinders with large rods have a larger extending force, causing the rod side pressure to increase, which causes more leakage to the “T” port resulting in cylinders to drift out. Changing the spools center position so the cap end would be open to the “T” port could cause the cylinder to drift in the opposite direction.

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com to view previous problems.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

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SPECIAL AD SECTION

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GUIDED DISC SLIP-IN CHECK VALVE FOR HIGH PRESSURE SERVICE Inserta® IGS (Steel) check valves, guided disc, slip-in type, may be considered for use in high pressure applications, and other challenging applications such as those with turbulent flow or high flow transients with low valve cracking pressures. Valves with nominal flow ratings up to 400 gpm are available.

These valves may be deployed in either axial or axial-radial flow configurations. Pressure drops are relatively low compared with screw-in hydraulic cartridge valves, resulting in increased system efficiency. The slip-in valves may be installed with the free flow in either direction.

These valves can be used in custom manifolds using Inserta® ICVR check valve retainers in axial flow applications, or Inserta® IGSP retainers for axial-radial flow applications. Flange type valve bodies for use with SAE J518 systems are also available.

Inserta® IGS (Steel) check valves, guided disc, slip-in type, are all steel construction with hardened and lapped discs and seats that provide positive fluid shut off. They are compatible with standard Inserta® ICS disc type slip-in valve cavities.

Thread-in guided disc check valves, in both steel, and stainless steel, are also available for 6000 psi service (consult factory for higher maximum working pressures-we are working on re-qualifying these valves for 500 bar service).

Blue Bell, Pennsylvania USA www.inserta.com CIRCLE 275

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MARCH 2019

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

SPECIAL AD SECTION

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With this display series, Danfoss created a contemporary design that’s influenced by tablets and smartphones while still meeting the necessary demands of a rugged, off-highway industry. These sleek designs already exist—everyone already has one in their pocket—but these products also need to withstand being outside in the rain, sun, snow and dirt, and remain viewable under the bright sun. In short, it needs to work in an open cab as well as it would in a closed environment These new displays are optimized to meet a wide variety of OEM needs.

Its flexible design ensures easy integration into a wide variety of machine designs. In addition, the display’s supreme viewability allows operators to work more efficiently as they can easily read the information in any lighting condition.

1-888-DANFOSS (326-3677) www.danfoss.com/powersolutions

The DM430E series displays can be used in most off-highway applications.

CIRCLE 276

THE FLANGE CONNECTOR YOU NEED – QUICK AS 1, 2, 3

Why use MAIN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS?

1

QUICK: MAIN has a large and diverse inventory, including specials for same day shipping. MAIN’s US production facility, specialized manufacturing processes, and large raw material inventory allow your custom non-stock parts to be shipped in days.

2

INFORMED: MAIN’s engineers are active on ISO and SAE committees. They are available to assist you with your flange needs, call 800.521.7918, e-mail to info@MAINmfg.com or fax 810.953.1385.

3

DEPENDABLE: MAIN has 60 years of experience in designing, developing, manufacturing and distributing quality hydraulic flanges and components.

Grand Blanc, MI 800.521.7918; FAX: 810.953.1385 E-mail: info@mainmfg.com Web: www. mainmfg.com/fpj CIRCLE 277

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MARCH 2019

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COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS

Figure 1: Pressure differential is a problem here.

The Cost of Filter Differential

By Ron Marshall, Marshall Compressed Air Consulting

»

COMPRESSED AIR FILTERS, despite modern and efficient design, do not maintain themselves. These elements remove particles and liquids, cleaning up the flow of air so the downstream compressed air uses can remain contaminant free. These items can have an effect on the system pressure and how efficiently the air compressors run. And sometimes the filters don’t operate as expected.

Filters come with various specifications, and most are rated using the ISO 8573 air quality specification that defines filter performance relating to maximum particle size capture.

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Figure 2: Excessive filtering can cause high pressure loss and the need for costly maintenance.

Should the filter element be designed to capture liquids, maximum oil capture is an important rating. It is important to realize the smaller the particle size rating and the lower the oil content, the more pressure drop will develop across filters at their full-rated flow.

Often two or three filters will be arranged in a series, with the first a coarse filter that captures large particles, the second a finer filter that might capture smaller particles and some liquids, and the third filtering minute particles and very small levels of liquid contaminants. Typically WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

when the pressure drop across this kind of filter chain is measured, there is a significant loss detected. The loss often causes the need to increase discharge pressure of the compressor in order to maintain adequate pressure downstream of the filters.

The higher discharge pressure at the compressor causes higher power consumption.

Every 2 psi in higher pressure consumes about 1% more compressor motor power for every cubic foot the compressor produces. And if the filters are installed between the air compressor and the system storage receivers, the pressure loss that occurs can rob the compressor of valuable effective storage, causing the compressor to rapidly cycle, wasting even more energy. This means filter design and maintenance is highly important to your system.

SOME TIPS ABOUT FILTERS: • Understand

your compressed air quality requirements. There is no need to provide high quality air to general compressed air demands.

Excessively filtering increases annual maintenance and energy costs. the filters properly. A filter that is too small • Size

for peak flow will develop excessive pressure drop, affecting the performance of the connected equipment. regular maintenance. Too often fil • Schedule

ters are left unmaintained, and over time the pressure loss will affect the operation of downstream equipment. Eventually the internal element will fail, and no filtering at all will occur.

• Measure

pressure drop. There should be some method provided to determine the pressure drop across the element, a sign that the filter needs to be changed. But realize even a dirty filter will have no pressure drop at times when no air is flowing through it, so this should be considered when you are checking pressure differential. regular element changes. Even if a • Schedule

filter has low differential, this does not mean that it is working. Coalescing filters will lose their ability to work effectively as they age. drains. If the filter is rated for oil • Maintain

removal, make sure the internal drain is working or the filter will fail. 

Ron Marshall is owner of Marshall Compressed Air Consulting, a company that specializes in compressed air efficiency assessments.

Visit www.compressedairaudit.com Join the LinkedIn discussion group: Compressed Air Efficiency WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Stops Leaking

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CIRCLE 264

CIRCLE 265

MARCH 2019

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APPLYING CONTROL THEORY: INTERPRET

D

iscussions about hydro-mechanical system dynamics make it clear that component selection and system design have tremendous impact on system performance and stability. Although advanced mathematics and modern computer programs have provided methods for accurate assessment of system design elements, it is often (usually) not feasible, or necessary, to use more than a simple set of assumptions and tools to reach a reasonable approximation of system performance from which to begin further refinement.

One of the more useful tools for this purpose is the Bode Plot. This is a graph of the amplitude and phase of the system’s sinusoidal response as a function of the frequency versus the input signal.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a Bode Diagram for a hydraulic servo valve. This type of plot makes it very straightforward to compare components and can also be used to analyze entire systems.

There are several things to notice about this plot and each will be discussed in turn.

the valve will oscillate back and forth in an attempt to respond appropriately to the input signal. As the valve cycles, so, too, will the output.

AMPLITUDE Amplitude is always represented in decibels referenced to the input signal.

On

However, eventually a frequency will be reached where the valve’s phase lag will begin to deteriorate in its ability to maintain a one-to-one amplitude relationship to the input. That point is 40 Hz in Fig. 1. Notice how the output response falls from the frequency upward (point B).

RESONANT RISE (NATURAL OF THE VALVE)

Amplitude = 20log- APPLYING 40.00: JOB RESPONSIBILITY THEORY FREQUENCY 40.00 APPLYING CONTROL THEORYCONTROL O

l What about the small rise in amplitude Task 40.40: Interpret Bode Diagrams Amplitude expressed in dB (decibels) between 20Hz and 40Hz (point A)? Remember Outcome 40.40.1: Given a Bode Diagram for a closed loop control of a fluid system; at any to frequency every physical system (even this valve) has Where: On =a Output interprets Bode diagram determine gain andthat phase margin to obtain system stability. some natural frequency. The point at which, Ol = Output at lowest frequency The previous discussions about hydro-mechanical system dynamics clear that component selection absentmake anyitdamping, it will ring in response and system design have tremendous impact on system performance and stability. Although advanced mathematics and modern computer programs have provided methods for accurate assessment of system mechanical Notice that the amplitude remains at 1 deci- to an input. In the case of a hydro design elements, it is often (usually) not feasible, or necessary, to use more than a simple set of assumptions bel asand long the valve spool is able tooffollow system,from this resonance occurs as the result of toolsas to reach a reasonable approximation system performance which to begin further refinement.

One of signal. the more useful tools for this purpose is the Bode Plot.the This back-and-forth is a graph of the amplitude and phase ofbetween the the input interaction the system’s sinusoidal response as a function of the frequency versus the input signal.

INPUT The input to the valve was a fixed amplitude, sinusoidal current input to the servo valve torque motor. (This could also have been to the coils of a proportional valve.) The plot begins by plotting the output response to the fixed amplitude signal at 0 Hz and increasing the frequency of the input signal while controlling for constant amplitude.

OUTPUT The output will be different from the input (flow versus current) and will attempt to follow the input. Thus, as the constant amplitude current signal to the valve increases in frequency,

Fig. 1: Valve Frequency Response Curve

Fig. 40.14 Valve Frequency Response Curve

Fig. 40.14 shows an example of a Bode Diagram for a hydraulic servo valve. This type of plot makes it very straightforward to compare components and can also be used to analyze entire systems. There are several things to notice about this plot and each will be discussed in turn.

Input

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As described in Task 40.30, the input to the valve was a fixed amplitude, sinusoidal current input to the servo WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG valve torque motor. (This could also have been to the coils of a proportional valve.) The plot begins by plotting the output response to the fixed amplitude signal at 0 Hz and increasing the frequency of the input signal

Depending upon which one is chosen, this valve’s bandwidth would be expressed as 55Hz or 50Hz, respectively.

potential energy stored in the capacitance elements of the system (compressible oil volume) and the kinetic energy of the moving mass. In this valve, there are additional resonance factors that involve the interaction between the spool and the electromechanical system making up the torque motor and flapper assembly.

When resonance occurs, it can manifest as a rise in the output amplitude at and around the resonant frequency and has been termed resonant rise. The existence of the 0.8dB rise above 0db around 30Hz indicates that this valve is slightly springy and that its output will tend to ring at roughly this frequency in response to a step input. This valve is underdamped. This springiness can be designed out of valves and, in this case, the valve will display no resonant rise and is said to be critically damped.

Attenuation is the reduced level of output as the valve is cycled at higher frequencies.

3DB ROLLOFF

Fig. 40.15 Gain and Phase Margins

Two90° additional valveLAG criteria available on the Bode Plot are: PHASE BANDWIDTH

3db Rolloff is a standardized logarithmic measure of how quickly a valve can change its output in response to a change in input command. More specifically, it is the input frequency that a valve’s amplitude decreases to -3dB of its peak attainable and useable value. Follow the Amplitude curve in Fig. 1. It reaches a point that as the input frequency increases, the curve crosses the -3dB line (point C). At that intersect, if a vertical line were drawn downward, the indicated input frequency for this valve is 57Hz. For example, imagine an electro pneumatic regulator commanded to output a peak pressure of 15 PSI, and then sinusoidally commanded to 2 PSI then again to 15 PSI. If initially commanding at a low frequency, the 15 PSI peak pressure will be attainable. As the input frequency increases, however, the regulators ability to respond to the rapidly changing command will become more difficult. The regulator will no longer be able to achieve the 15 psi peaks.

If the Bode plot in Fig. 1 were for this regulator, an input frequency at 57 Hz would only yield about 70% or approximately 10.5 PSI maximum peak pressure.

The -3dB Rolloff frequency is a common measure used to compare the performance of electro pneumatic and hydraulic valves. This value alone, however, does not allow for evaluation of how the valve will work with other components of the full system.

Phase Lag is the time required for a cyclic output to recreate a cyclic input (command).

Phase lag is always represented in degrees.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Fig. 2: Gain and Phase Margins

Turning to the phase plot of the output in Fig. 1, notice that the phase lag increases (as predicted) as the input frequency increases.

Notice that the valve output is 90° behind the input at 50Hz (point D).

This frequency is termed the valve bandwidth and is the most useful metric for comparing valve performance. In addition to valve comparison, the 90° phase lag frequency is useful for assessing valve performance in the target system.

40-16 • Electronic Controls Specialist Study Manual

TEST YOUR SKILLS

In Fig. 2 what is the bandwidth as determined by referencing the 3dB rolloff? a. 30Hz. b. 190Hz. c. 110Hz. d. 210Hz. e. 240Hz. See page 39 for the solution.

The band of frequencies between 0Hz and a 1/7/16 predetermined point on the frequency response curve characterize the frequency response of the valve. As noted previously, there are at least two common predefined points: 1. -3dB rolloff frequency is the frequency that the valve output is limited to 70% of its maximum 2. 90° phase lag frequency is the frequency that the valve output is 90° behind the valve input. dB = 20 log (Δ output /Δ input) = 20 log (70% / 100%) = 20(-0.1549) dB = -3.098 Depending upon which one is chosen, this valve’s bandwidth would be expressed as 55Hz or 50Hz, respectively.

Two additional valve criteria available on the Bode Plot are: 1. Phase Margin - is the amount by which the phase angle must additionally lag to reach 180 degrees phase lag when measured at the 0db frequency. It is a relative measure of system stability and is expressed in degrees. (35 degrees, point E in Fig. 2) As to not be limiting factor in system performance and stability, the natural frequency of the electro hydraulic valve is ideally two to three (or more) times the calculated natural frequency of the load ωL. 2. Gain Margin - this is the amount by which the loop gain must increase in order to achieve 0dB attenuation at the 180 degrees phase lag frequency of the Phase Margin, projected upward.

It is a relative measure of system stability and is expressed in decibels. (2.5dB, point D in Fig. 2)  MARCH 2019

17

N F PA U P D AT E

Coming to a Community Near You

NFPA’s FAMTEN Program Builds a Pathway for Students into Fluid Power Careers The National Fluid Power Association’s Fluid Power and Applied Mechatronics Training and Employment Network (FAMTEN) is a new fluid power workforce development pathway that creates strong connections between local technical colleges, industry partners, and high school teachers.

NFPA’s first FAMTEN Hub School, Waukesha County Technical College (WCTC) in Waukesha, Wisconsin, was chosen in 2018, and several area high schools have already begun implementing new fluid power curriculum with the help of industry mentors.

»

THE PROGRAM, WHICH will expand to Triton College in River Grove, Illinois in 2019, is designed to cover multiple education levels within the chosen community: A community-wide Fluid Power Action Challenge event is the first step in the pathway. The Action Challenge serves as an introduction to fluid power and is a competition that challenges middle school students to solve an engineering problem using fluid power. In Waukesha, WCTC and Price Engineering host an Action Challenge event every year at WCTC. The second step in the pathway includes equipping local high schools with fluid power training equipment, which happened at eight high schools in Waukesha county in 2018.

The high school teachers from these schools were trained over the summer on how to teach students about fluid power with the new equipment thanks to the support of NFPA members, Festo and Amatrol. Two of these high schools have already started using the new training platforms in their classes.

1

2

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Industry mentor, Bill Haley of FORCE America, working with students in the FAMTEN program

3

Third is the Hub School, a local technical school with a validated fluid power curriculum. WCTC already has an outstanding fluid power program, and several fluid power companies serve on their advisory board.

Extremely important to all steps in the pathway is the local network of industry partners connecting with teachers and students.

FAMTEN would not be successful without industry mentors getting students interested, helping them learn the basics, and eventually recruiting them when they graduate.

“If we want to attract more of the best and brightest minds to the fluid power industry, we need to build awareness with students at an early age,” said Bill Haley, a Business Development Analyst at FORCE America. “It’s been really rewarding being involved with FAMTEN and working with the exceptional students and teachers in our local school districts. Interacting with them while they use the new fluid power training equipment (provided by FAMTEN), I’ve been able to tie what they’ve learned to

practical applications like factory automation or an excavator. I’m confident that students in FAMTEN schools will be much more likely to consider careers in fluid power.”

Many thanks to NFPA members FORCE America, HUSCO, Poclain, Price Engineering, and SunSource for visiting local classrooms, talking to students and teachers about fluid power careers, and establishing a direct connection to their future workforce in Waukesha.

NFPA plans to launch this program in communities around the U.S. where there is a high concentration of fluid power companies. For more information about FAMTEN, please contact Lynn Beyer at lbeyer@nfpa.com.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

N F PA U P D AT E

Three New Fluid Power Standards Published

»

STANDARDIZATION DEVELOPMENT CONTINUES in the field of fluid power systems and components. TC 131, the technical committee directly responsible for fluid power, has 229 published ISO standards to date. There are 35 standards currently under development. The following ISO standards were recently published: SUBCOMMITTEE 4 – CONNECTORS ISO 6150:2018 Pneumatic fluid power — Cylindrical quick-action couplings for maximum working pressures of 1 MPa, 1,6 MPa, and 2,5 MPa (10 bar, 16 bar, and 25 bar) — Plug connecting dimensions, specifications, application guidelines, and testing SUBCOMMITTEE 5 – CONTROL PRODUCTS ISO 6301-2:2018 Pneumatic fluid power — Compressed-air lubricators — Part 2: Test methods to determine the main characteristics to be included in supplier’s literature SUBCOMMITTEE 7 – SEALING DEVICES ISO 3601-3:2018/Amd 1:2018 Fluid power systems — O-rings — Part 3: Quality acceptance criteria — Amendment 1

Questions about fluid power standards?

Interested in getting involved in standards?

Visit NFPA.com or contact Denise Husenica at dhusinica@nfpa.com.

NFPA’s Robotics Challenge Scholarship Drives Students to Use Fluid Power

»

THE NFPA ROBOTICS Challenge is a scholarship program that supports of the missions of FIRST Robotics and the National Robotics League (NRL). NFPA offers one merit-based scholarship for $40,000 ($10,000 per year for four years) to a high school senior who participates as part of a 2019 FIRST Robotics or NRL Competition Team. This scholarship may be used to study engineering at any accredited technical college or university in the United States.

The goal of this scholarship is to bring awareness of fluid power options in robotics to high school students and to stimulate increased use of fluid power products in these competitions. By getting more students working with fluid power at a young age and seeing all of its benefits, more students considering fluid power careers when they enter a tech school or university.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

In its third year, the NFPA Robotics Challenge Scholarship gains more notability every year. In our first year, we received 85 applications, and last year we received 105 applications. Every year the number of teams using fluid power increases!

The FIRST Robotics Competition kicked off their competition season on January 5 when they released the game/challenge information for this year. The theme, Destination: Deep Space, offers many opportunities for fluid power to be used in a winning robot!

How can you help? If you mentor a FIRST Robotics or NRL team, work with them to incorporate fluid power into their robot and encourage them to apply for the NFPA Robotics Challenge Scholarship.

For more information about the Robotics Challenge or to become a reviewer of applications for the scholarship in May, please contact Lynn Beyer at lbeyer@nfpa. com or (414) 778-3364.

WE HAVE SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE

PUMPS, MOTORS, VALVES, SERVO & PROPORTIONAL VALVES, AND REPLACEMENT PARTS AVAILABLE

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sales@hydraulex.com

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Expert Analysis and Hard Data Dynamic conferences, meetings and webcasts keep our members up to date on the latest economic conditions, emerging trends and industry insights for today’s ever‐changing economic climate.

N F PA U P D AT E

You have the Ideas, We Provide the Tools From point‐and‐click online tools that automate time‐consuming calculations, trend analysis, and custom forecasting to a user‐friendly web dashboard that allows members custom access to industry information.

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Industry Trends

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Industrial Hydraulic

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THE LATEST DATA published by the National Fluid Power Association shows industry shipments of fluid power products for December 2018 increased 8.0% when compared to December 2017 and decreased 4.6% when compared to last month. Mobile hydraulic, industrial hydraulic, and pneumatic shipments increased, in December 2018 when compared to December 2017. Mobile hydraulic, industrial hydraulic, and pneumatic shipments decreased when compared to last month. These charts are drawn from data collected from more than 80 manufacturers of fluid power products by NFPA’s Confidential Shipment Statistics (CSS) program. Much more information is available to NFPA members, which allows them to better understand trends and anticipate change in their market and the customer markets they serve.

Dec‐13

»

Find out how to become part of NFPA by calling Leslie Miller at 414‐778‐3369, or email at lmiller@nfpa.com.

Market information questions? Contact Eric Armstrong at earmstrong@nfpa.com or 414‐778‐3372.

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments Raw Index Data, Index: 2013=100 Raw Index Data, Index: 2013=100

Total Pneumatic

participants and compared to the average monthly dollar volume in 2013. For example, the December

2018 total dollar volume for pneumatic shipments are 87.5% of the average monthly dollar volume in

2013. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

ELECTRIC UTILITY FLEET MANAGERS CONFERENCE

Advancing Strategies for Fleet Improvement WILLIAMSBURG, VA

JUNE 2-5 2019

WILLIAMSBURG LODGE & CONFERENCE CENTER Register at EUFMC.com CIRCLE 267

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This graph of raw index data is generated by the total dollar volume reported to NFPA by CSS participants and compared to the average monthly dollar volume in 2013. For example, the December 2018 total dollar volume for pneumatic shipments are 87.5% of the average monthly dollar This graph of raw index data is generated by the total dollar volume reported to NFPA by CSS volume in 2013. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

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Pneumatic, Mobile and Industrial Hydraulic Orders Index 140.0

100.0 90.0

130.0

N F PA U P D AT E

80.0

120.0

70.0

Pneumatic, Mobile and Industrial Hydraulic Orders Index

110.0 100.0

Mobile Hydraulic Each point on this graph representsIndustrial Hydraulic the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each Each point on this graph represents the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each point can be point can be read as a percentage. For example, 107.9 (the read as a percentage. For example, 107.9 (the November 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates that industrial hydraulic orders received from December 2017 to November 2018 were 107.9% of the orders received from December 2016 to November 2017. (Base November 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates Year 2013 = 100) that industrial hydraulic orders received from December 2017 to November 2018 were 107.9% of the orders received from Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments December 2016 to November 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100) Mobile Hydraulic Industrial Hydraulic Total Pneumatic

90.0 80.0 70.0

Total Pneumatic

Each point on this graph represents the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each point can be 110 read as a percentage. For example, 107.9 (the November 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates that industrial hydraulic orders received from December 2017 to November 2018 were 107.9% of the orders received from December 2016 to November 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

100

Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments

Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments

This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows 110 that in December 2018, both hydraulic and pneumatic shipments increased. (Base Year 100 2013 = 100) 90

80

90

80

70

SHIPMENTS

MONTH 70

TOTAL FLUID POWER

TOTAL HYD.

TOTAL PNEU.

Sept. 2018

10.1

12.5

1.7

Oct. 2018

10.3 Total Fluid Power 13.1

Total Fluid Power

Total Pneumatic

Total Hydraulic

This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows that in December 2018, both hydraulic and pneumatic shipments increased. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Total Hydraulic

Nov. 2018 10.0 12.6 1.2

This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows that in December 2018, both hydraulic and pneumatic shipments increased. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Shipments – Cumulative

year‐to‐date % change (2018 vs. 2017)

The table above is expressed in terms of cumulative percent changes. These changes refer to the

percent difference between the relevant cumulative

total for 2018 and the total for the same months

in 2017. For example, November 2018 pneumatic 1.6Total Pneumatic

shipments figure of 1.2 means that for the calendar

year through November 2018, pneumatic shipments

increased 1.2% compared to the same time‐period in 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Find out how to become part of NFPA by calling Leslie Miller at (414) 778‐3369, or email at lmiller@nfpa.com. Market information questions? Contact Eric Armstrong at earmstrong@nfpa.com or (414) 778‐3372.

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21

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We re-freshed our company line card into a more informative and better looking document. It covers our aftermarket product line (Genuine Metaris) and all of the manufacturers that we stock reman units for, supply replacement parts for, or provide repair services for. View or download it by visiting our website at www.hydraulex.com.

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MARCH 2019

23

Transforming OUR THINKING ABOUT:

Energy Units

By Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC

W

e are taught to think of fluid power in terms of flow and pressure; flow is for velocity and pressure is for force.

While this is true at the actuator (the motor or cylinder), the terminology may have limited us in our approach to energy transfer. It is necessary to separate flow and pressure in the initial calculations for what is required for the actuator. The required speed will determine the rate that fluid enters the actuator. The force required will determine the pressure of that fluid. This is pretty straightforward, and it provides necessary information when using a single-fixed flow to drive a single-fixed load.

However, when there are variable loads, variable speeds, and multiple actuators, separating flow and pressure may limit us when we apply it to the source (the receiver, accumulator, or the pump). This is where the concept of energy units and the use of displacement transformers, either variable (VDT) or fixed (FDT), can be used to better understand how to cause an actuator to draw only the energy units needed from the source.

WHAT IS AN ENERGY UNIT? An energy unit is a unit volume of fluid that is charged with a unit pressure. While it is true that

24

MARCH 2019

pressure and flow are two distinct qualities when transmitting energy through fluids, the two cannot be completely separated.

Without pressure, there would be no flow. Without flow, there would be no movement. It is the combination of flow and pressure that produces work. In fact, it is the combination of flow and pressure that defines work. In this article, the cm3 and the in3 will be the unit volumes. The MPA and the psi will be the pressure units. The metric energy unit will be MPa/cm3.

The U.S. Customary energy unit will be the psi/in3, which is the same as the in.lb.

When energy units are used to overcome a load, work is done.

Energy units can exist as potential energy when stored in an air receiver or a hydraulic accumulator. They can also exist as kinetic energy when released from a receiver, accumulator, or driven by a pump. Work describes the number of energy units used, while power describes the rate at which those energy units are used. In this article, we will look at an example that only deals with the work being done. In later articles, we will look at power control where the FDT and the VDT can be used to limit the kinetic energy drawn from the source.

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Below is a common example of an application where there is a single source, but a variable load requirement. We are going to look at the energy units needed to do the work and compare them to the energy units used to do the work.

Two cylinders with a bore of 100 mm (4”) and a stroke of 305 mm (12”) need to be synchronized. Each has a different load; one requires 15 MPa (2,175 psi) and the other 7 MPa (1,015 psi). Thinking in terms of energy units, we see that lifting the larger load will require 35,932 MPa/cm3 (328,233 in.lb.) and lifting the smaller load will require 16,768 MPa/ cm3 (153,175 in.lb.) of work.

We will compare a spool type 50/50 flow divider valve to a two-section fixed displacement transformer (FDT) to see which is the most efficient in terms of drawing the least number of energy units from the source.

The spool flow divider will split the flow evenly so that each cylinder will receive a volume of 2,395 cm3 (146 in3).

The total volume to fill both cylinders is 4,790 cm3 (292 in3).

The spool flow divider alters the pressure at each outlet. It cannot intensify pressure, so the input pressure to the valve must be greater than the maximum pressure requirement of the cylinders. The pressure drop through the valve must be added to the pressure required to lift the greatest load.

In this case, the input pressure will be 15.5 MPa (2,248 psi).

For the cylinder with the greatest load, the pressure drop through the valve is 0.5 MPa (72 psi). For the cylinder with the lighter load, the pressure drop is 8.5 MPa (1,232 psi).

The chart to the right shows that a total of 74,260 MPa/cm3 (657,228 in.lb.) of potential energy was taken from the source to do that work.

When the FDT is substituted for the spool flow divider valve, there is a very different outcome. The FDT also divides the flow equally, but it does not require the pressure of the greatest load. Instead, its input pressure requirement is the average of the load pressures plus some pressure drop to rotate the FDT. It requires only 11.5 MPa (1,668 psi) to drive both loads, drawing only 55,096 MPa/cm3 (487,512 in.lb.).

According to the chart below, the FDT requires 26% fewer energy units than the spool flow divider.

The FDT is able to do what the spool flow divider cannot do; it can intensify pressure and distribute energy. The FDT is made up of two equal, positive displacement chambers that are mechanically linked. Pressure at the inlet of the FDT induces a torque on the connecting link. The torque is used to drive the fluid to the load. Any torque that is not required by the load on one side is transferred to the load on the other side.

The positive displacement equally distributes the flow while the connecting link distributes the torque. The result is an input pressure that is the average of the two output pressures.

The spool type flow divider must receive enough energy to drive both loads at full pressure. It then consumes the extra energy for the lighter load by forcing the fluid through an orifice, squeezing off the pressure and releasing the energy as heat. The FDT receives only the energy needed to do the work and then distributes the If you have any questions, proper amount of energy please contact Dan Helgerson to each load. 

100mm x 305mm (4"x12")

100mm x 305mm (4"x12") 2473 cm3 (151 in3)

15 MPa (2175 psi)

15.5 MPa (2248 psi)

50/50 Spool Flow Divider

7 MPa (1015 psi)

15 MPa (2175 psi)

2473 cm3 (151 in3)

7 MPa (1015 psi)

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50/50 Fixed Displacement Transformer

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MARCH 2019

25

UNIVERSAL VACUUM

GRIPPERS AND END OF ARM TOOLS

By Dane Spivak, and illustrations by Daniel Pascoe, Davasol Inc.

Design criteria for nearly all systems follow many of the same rules, and it is no different in automation and manufacturing.

There are recurring buzzwords thrown around when discussing how to approach a potential solution. Modular, flexible, one-size-fits-all – often broad and vague conditions, so what does all this mean?

T

his article contains strategies for vacuum lifting and gripping tools to meet the above conditions. Many applications require the need to pick and place or hold down parts of various shapes, sizes, and weights. Using a single tool with a reasonable design to accomplish this task is certainly ideal. We will refer to such a solution as a universal vacuum tool.

Fig. 1A

Vacuum Suction Cups

ABSTRACT The first thing that comes to mind when designing a universal vacuum tool is how to handle various product sizes when vacuum cups do not seal on the target load.

The primary focus of this article will discuss different techniques to implement in overcoming this challenge, and the pros and cons of each. Other design strategies will be touched on as well.

Vacuum Pump

Vacuum Valve

Fig. 1B

Fig. 2A

Fig. 2B Vacuum Valve #1

Vacuum Pump

Valve #2

Valve #3

Valve #4

VENTURI CUP ISOLATION Venturi vacuum generators use compressed air to produce vacuum.

They are significantly smaller than vacuum pumps allowing for

26

MARCH 2019

Vacuum Suction Cups Grp #1

Vacuum Suction Cups Grp #2

Vacuum Suction Cups Grp #3

Vacuum Suction Cups Grp #4

installation closer to the cups or directly onto the tool itself. Venturis have no moving parts, and therefore can be turned on and off continuously at fast rates using pneumatic valves. In a universal vacuum system, this can prove to be very advantageous as a single or group of cups can be completely independently controlled by its dedicated venturi.

Figure 1A shows four venturis connected to their own vacuum cup. This means each cup can be turned on/off individually and their performances are unaffected by one another. So when lifting a product, regardless of contact with one or four cups, the venturis will provide maximum vacuum levels and lifting forces.

Unlike a single venturi attached to all four cups in Figure 1B. This would cause all four cups to be dependent on the same vacuum source. Therefore, if one or more cups do not seal on the product, the other cups that are in contact will have a reduced vacuum level due to atmospheric air entering the vacuum system through cups that are not sealed.

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Using the dedicated venturi approach described previously on a universal tool can be simple and practical when a low number of cups are in use. As the need for more cups increases, this design tends to be less efficient due to high compressed air consumption, and an increase in the total number of parts, maintenance, and overall cost.

Fig. 3

PUMPS AND CONTROL VALVES When using a typical electric vacuum source, such as a rotary vane pump or regenerative blower, the pump is designed to run continuously. Unlike the venturi isolation in the previous section, it is not economical to use multiple electric pumps and turn them on and off frequently. Doing this can quickly result in a loss of performance, maintenance needs, or failure altogether. For this reason, isolating groups of cups should be approached differently with an electrical pump.

Turning vacuum on/off is accomplished by utilizing vacuum control valves between the pump and cups.

Figure 2A shows a common vacuum circuit where a single valve is being used to control vacuum to an array of cups. In this case, all cups are opened at the same time and reliant on the same vacuum source.

Figure 2B shows four vacuum valves controlling different cup sections. This offers a choice of which vacuum cup group should be used.

So if Group #1 and Group #2 seal against the product, these valves can be selected to turn on while Group #3 and Group #4 remain closed. This way sections #3 and #4 do not open and prevent free air flow into the vacuum system, which would cause lowered vacuum levels and possible failure.

Powering the valves to grip at different times is not ideal. If section #1 grips a part, then some time later valve #2 turns on to grip another part, opening valve #2 creates brief

Fig. 4

exposure to atmospheric air between valve 2 and its cups. The result is a drop in system vacuum level, which affects the gripping and lifting force in section #1 as they both rely on the same pump. However, the reverse action is feasible. If valves #1 and #2 turn on to pick up two different parts, they can exhaust the vacuum to drop the parts separately. Exhausting the valve allows atmospheric air through the valve and into the cups, but closes atmospheric air to the pump circuit. Therefore, exhausting or releasing vacuum grip can be done safely with independent valves.

Using valves to section a grid of vacuum cups can be effective and plausible for universal tool designs.

This approach is ideal when handling only a few different sizes of products that are positioned accurately. The product sizes, dimensions, and locations should be well understood for consistency.

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ORIFICE SCREWS & MINIMIZING LEAKAGE Using less sources to generate vacuum is usually the preferred method regardless of venturi or pump choice. One vacuum source compared to multiple vacuum sources is generally easier to deal with in terms of costs, maintenance, and energy consumption, as well as have a much more simplified design. Limiting the amount of leakage or atmospheric air entering a vacuum system is one strategy to use a single vacuum source to take advantage of the benefits.

Reverting to the abstract, handling various product sizes with a single tool produces situations where vacuum cups do not seal against the product surface.

Previously, I explained how to completely shut off leakage caused by this process or have completely independent cup sections.

However, let’s analyze how to reduce the leakage from unsealed cups while still having the ability to safely grip and control products under vacuum.

Figure 3 shows a cup fitting with and without an orifice screw inserted.

The purpose of the orifice screw is to restrict air flow (leakage) into the common vacuum system. The smallest area or diameter where air passes through is in direct relation to the volume of air flow entering the vacuum system. Therefore, it is ideal to downsize the restrictive diameter as small as possible to limit unwanted leakage. However, the restrictive orifice should not be infinitely small since flow is required to create a seal for the vacuum cups.

Additionally, the orifice should be large enough to allow debris, water, and dust to pass through and collect inside the filter instead of clogging the vacuum line. With that said, the common restrictive orifice diameters as demonstrated by the orifice screw in Figure 3 are around ø1mm to ø2mm.

Figure 4 illustrates a typical application for using vacuum cups with orifice screws. Cups 1 and 2 are not sealed against the product. The installation of an orifice screw in the cup fittings minimizes leakage and allows a secure grip of the product using cups 3 and 4 as shown. It is important to understand the worst case scenario to allow proper sizing of the vacuum pump or venturi. The tool design and pump sizing heavily rely on the situation where the most cups are exposed to leakage and relatively lower vacuum levels are present.

A quick note about common pump/generator selection for restrictive orifices and minimizing leakage. Regenerative blowers are often a better choice. Although their maximum possible vacuum levels are typically lower than other types of vacuum pumps, they provide higher vacuum flow rates which can achieve higher vacuum levels when leakage is

MARCH 2019

27

involved compared to other forms of vacuum generation. Venturis can be used, but may not be as effective as leakage increases. Rotary vane pumps are usually not recommended since they are designed to run at high vacuum levels consistently. They do not handle leakage well or run efficiently under 20”Hg.

VELOCITY FUSES – THE SELF-CLOSING VALVE A velocity fuse is a term more commonly used in hydraulics as a safety device. It is a device which monitors the flow rate of the fluid, and if its maximum flow is exceeded, it will close until the pressure is relieved. In vacuum lifting, the velocity fuse definition is no different though it is certainly used in a different manner. The following section will go over how we can apply this technology to a universal vacuum tool. In vacuum lifting, the velocity fuse is often described as a check valve, sensing valve, or self-closing valve, which is the terminology we will use going forward for relevancy to the topic.

Figure 5 shows self-closing valves connected to four vacuum cups. The vacuum cups, #1 and #2, are not sealed against the box being handled. When vacuum is applied, the self-closing valves on cups #1 and #2 experience an in rush of atmospheric air which closes the valves, isolating the attached cups from the common system. Cups #3 and #4 are sealed against the box.

When the vacuum is turned on, the volume of sealed air between the self-closing valve and the cup face is not large enough to close the valve. Therefore, the self-closing valves remain open allowing vacuum grip against the box surface. When vacuum is turned off, the cups #3 and #4 release the box.

The self-closing valves attached to cups #1 and #2 return to their open rest position, ready for the next cycle start.

There are different designs to self-closing valves. Certain designs allow for the bottom seat of the self-closing valve to be adjustable.

This feature controls how much 28

MARCH 2019

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

flow it takes to close the valve, or in other words, tweak its sensitivity based on the spring tension allowing it to be versatile. Other models will have no spring at all, and essentially have a free-floating ball. This type tends to be more sensitive and does not work well if the tool is angled since it relies on gravity, or if high velocity movement is involved in the production cycle. There are also models that use a flexible rubber flap instead of a ball. The velocity fuse concept still applies.

Let’s move on to applying the same self-closing valve in Figure 5 to create a universal vacuum tool.

Figure 6 shows a vacuum circuit with a self-closing valve connected to each cup. The tool is connected to a control valve and vacuum pump to complete the system.

This design allows parts of any size within the cups weight capacity to be lifted. Regardless of the number

or location of cups sealed against the product, all cups in contact can achieve the maximum allowable vacuum level since the cups that do not seal completely shut off thanks to the self-closing valves. This is very powerful since no sensors are required to choose which valve to close. It’s all done automatically due to air flow. Additionally, full vacuum levels and lifting forces are attained as leakage is virtually eliminated.

Pump/generator type is not critical when using self-closing valves.

Sizing for adequate flow to close the self-closing valves is the important aspect. All self-closing valves require different amounts of flow to close, and as previously mentioned, some are adjustable. A general rule of thumb is to use a minimum of 1CFM for a 2” (50mm) cup.

Vacuum control valves assist in generating more flow. Looking back at Figure 6, the control valve creates a vacuum reservoir

between itself and the pump.

When the control valve turns on, a large inrush of air is generated.

This encourages the self-closing valves to close confidently. The vacuum control valve offers this benefit unlike a direct connection to a venturi generator, which does not need a vacuum valve. The venturi would ramp up vacuum when the pneumatic valve is turned on instead of having it stored.

CONCLUSION Universal vacuum tooling design has many possible avenues. This article covered techniques including venturi cup isolation, control valve sections, minimizing leakage, and self-closing valves. Each application is unique and has its own requirements. Professional help should be sought out to meet all needs and provide a safe solution using best vacuum practice. 

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The retainer provides a flow transition between the valve, and the through bore of the flange assembly.

The ICVR is all steel construction. Retainers with optional Zinc Nickel plating are available from stock.

Inserta® IGSP Retainers are available for axial-radial flow applications.

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Levelux® Illuminated Liquid Level Gages Liquid level gages (left image) allow viewing of the contents of a hydraulic oil tank. These tanks are often located in partially obscured or dark areas.Levelux heightens visibility and draws attention to the liquid level with a motion activated LED light.

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Levelux® Illuminated Reservoirs and Oilers Reservoirs and oilers (right image) require monitoring to avoid depleting the contents. They are often located out of the direct line of sight or in dark areas. Levelux heightens visibility and draws attention to the liquid level with a motion activated LED light. This patent-pending design is available exclusively from Oil-Rite and is made in the USA. 920.682.6173 • sales@oilrite.com • www.oilrite.com CIRCLE 296

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New from Honor Gear Pumps. Now available from Corpus Christi inventory. "B" flange group 3, and "A" flange group 2, and "AA" flange group 1 double pumps are now available from the factory warehouse.

Standard group 3 models come with 7/8-13 tooth spline shaft and are available from 52cc on the front pump down to as small as 5cc on the rear.

Standard group 2 models come with either the 5/8-9 tooth spline or 5/8" keyed shaft, in displacements from 22cc on the front to 5cc on the rear.

Standard group 1 models come with a 1/2" keyed shaft, in displacements from 9cc on the front to 1cc on the rear.

Subject to center section displacements being 5cc, or 7cc, or 9cc, or 11cc, triple pumps are also available in the group 2 size pump frame.

Aluminum bodies with cast iron covers are standard heavy duty construction for all Honor single and double gear pumps.

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By Björn Arvidsson, Product Development Engineer, Alexander Hahn, Sales Director - Systems, and Jussi Ijäs, Sales Director - Components, PMC Hydraulics

R

eduction is a key focus for new trucks, cranes, construction vehicles, and other mobile hydraulics. The way forward is to add innovative technology solutions that reduce weight and increase the maximum payload. The goal is also to reduce fuel consumption and maintenance costs to improve the efficiency and bottom line profit.

The hydraulic industry is constantly developing innovative technology for trucks. One example of an innovative idea is the cyclone tank that enforces the separation of air. It started with hydraulic driven fan drives on buses in 32

MARCH 2019

1999, and today the focus has expanded to trucks and other mobile machines. With these machines in mind, the cyclone tank can reduce the amount of hydraulic oil by 50 to 90%.

A cyclone insert inside the tank separates the air from the oil. The cyclone continues to work as long as it is covered by oil. An important innovation in this cyclone tank is that it has a variable inlet. This keeps the velocity of the hydraulic fluid constant and separation of air is therefore equally forced irrespective of flow.

The cyclone also creates some positive pressure in the inlet line due to the high speed of the oil

that enters the inlet line. This positive pressure can reach 2 psi in favorable conditions.

The tank is designed to handle the normal volume difference in the system with some margin.

For cold starts, a system with the cyclone tank can reduce air and heat up the circulating oil fast. The pump gets a positive pressure in the inlet ports almost immediately. Several thousand buses, trucks, drill rigs, and other mobile machines have this technology today.

The cyclone tank has become more common on trucks with loader cranes. The crane can operate at maximum extension with almost an WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

entirely different volume of the tank being used.

Some cyclone tanks are mounted directly on the crane frame to reduce the need for space on the side of the truck.

Another benefit with cyclone tanks mounted directly on the crane is that the time for design and assembly of a new truck with a crane can be reduced. Sometimes trucks have an extra front axle or other equipment, and the space left for diesel tanks, hydraulic tanks, and boxes for lifting tools can be very limited. In the near future, we might need to add space for batteries on trucks with electric drive motors.

A cyclone tank can also be mounted on the side of the truck. These tanks are often used for timber trucks with cranes and for trucks handling waste material. A rugged cyclone tank in stainless steel can reduce the oil volume on a timber truck from 70 gallons to below 25 gallons of oil. In this application, the cyclone tank must be able to handle fast loading and unloading in both cold winter and hot summer conditions often without any cooler.

The reduction of weight means that more load can be carried, and the fuel consumption will go down. The timber cranes are normally using variable axial piston pumps with maximum flow reaching up to 50 gpm.

The cyclone tank for this application must handle very fast acceleration of oil in the suction lines without creating any cavitation. Calculations made by loader crane producer HIAB shows that a normal truck handling goods with a crane can save US$4,000 and 6,000 lbs. of CO2 over a 5-year period when equipped with a smaller cyclone tank. These reductions in cost and emissions are created by a reduced need for diesel and less hydraulic oil to replenish at normal driving of 60,000 miles per year.

For truck applications with mainly hydraulic motor drives, the flow capacity can be 10 times higher than the oil volume. Sewer cleaner trucks and wood chipping trucks are two examples with very high pump flows compared to the volume of the cyclone tank needed. A truck with a wood chipper can have several pumps connected to one common suction chamber on the cyclone outlet. There are applications with several cyclones in one tank connected to one big suction chamber and several pumps as well. A standard 13-gallon tank can handle volume variations from cylinders of 8 gallons during operation.

Another example are trucks that are painting lines and markings on roads. A small 8-gallon cyclone tank is enough for an 80 gpm pump flow.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Cyclone tanks for trucks in varied sizes.

Animation Credit: PMC Hydraulics

1

2

3

4

1. Cyclone tank installed directly on a HIAB crane. Animation Credit: PMC Hydraulics/HIAB 2. Trucks with HIAB load handling cranes and cyclone tanks. Photo Credit: HIAB 3. Cyclone tank on a timber truck.

Photo Credit: PMC Hydraulics 4. Cyclone tank for wood chipper truck with 130 gpm flow and only 13-gallon tank. Photo Credit: PMC Hydraulics

MARCH 2019

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1

2

3

4

1 and 2. Cyclone tank mounted on trucks for painting road lines.

Photo Credit: RME 3 and 4. PMC Hydraulics in India are developing a cyclone tank with drill rig manufacturer Epiroc for water well rigs on trucks. Photo Credit: PMC Hydraulics India

These types of small tanks can be positioned behind the driver cabin, and a small tank with less weight means more paint can be carried on the truck.

Another way to save cost and energy on trucks is to reduce the weight and pressure drop of valves. Cost-effective poppet valves can be one solution that can be integrated in narrow spaces. One example is unloading valves for trucks with fixed displacement pumps. These manifolds create a very low pressure drop in an unloaded position. The technology is also used for soft switch reversing of hydraulic fan drives on loaders in a small manifold with low pressure drop. The poppets can also be used in flow control manifolds for distributing oil with low pressure drop to hydraulic functions. Another example is cost effective control of cylinders on machines that recycles waste. A new application are battery driven machines. In these

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applications the poppet manifold is made with very low pressure drop because saving energy is a main concern.

The poppet can be operated proportionally.

One example is the main manifold on the boom of harvesters in forestry applications. Small manifolds are capable of 100+ gpm flow control function and pressure regulating functions with limited weight. Drill rigs are another segment that can benefit from the combination of poppet valves and cyclone tanks to create efficient systems that meet future demands.

This technology can be an alternative to traditional load sensing hydraulics. Only the energy required to drive the hydraulics is used and all pressure drops in valves are kept to an absolute minimum. This requires more electronic control over the system, but it can be a way of reaching even higher efficiency in trucks and mobile hydraulics. ď Ź

A manifold with poppet valve for trucks.

Photo Credit: Sunfab A poppet valve. Animation Credit: PMC Hydraulics

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

T H E N A N D N OW he Journal is celebrating a 25-year milestone in 2019 and reflecting on how far the industry has come since the birth of the magazine. This new column is dedicated to showcasing the growth of fluid power technology. Each article features a product or industry analysis and how it has transformed from its early years. If you have a product or analysis to share with the Journal readers, please contact Candace Nicholson at cnicholson@fluidpowerjournal.com.

T

Energy Awareness

By Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC

»

IN 1994, I VISITED an injection molding plant in Claremont, New Hampshire.

The facility had four molding centers and was planning to purchase a fifth. Each center was equipped with a 10-ton chiller requiring a 7.5 kW (10 hp) motor and a circulation pump driven by a 3.7 kW (5 hp) motor. Each molding center had a 45 kW and a 30 kW (60 hp and 40 hp) motor to drive the fixed displacement hydraulic pumps.

The chillers were maxed out, which meant they were extracting about 45 kW (60 hp) of heat from the hydraulic system. The system consumed 85 kW (115 hp) with 56 kW (75 hp) consumed to either produce or remove heat.

The system was only 34% efficient!

Someone in the fluid power industry designed this system. Clearly the emphasis was not on efficiency or cost of ownership, but only on the initial price. To the injection molding company, this was simply the necessary cost of using hydraulics, not realizing that the heat generated degraded the hydraulic fluid, increased internal and external leakage, impacted the environment with disposal of spent hydraulic fluid, and wasted energy resources, all of which resulted in lost revenue.

This was one of the events that caused me to focus on energy issues related to fluid power. I thought it was necessary to increase awareness of the need to design more efficient systems within our own ranks. This often put me at odds with others in the industry. One pneumatic sales associate commented to me that he could have the purchase order in hand and be off to the next account while I was still trying to squeeze the last Nlm (scfm) out of the system.

As I became more involved with the International Fluid Power Society, I saw an opportunity to advance the idea of being good stewards of the resources given to us. In 2008, I began a series of articles for the Fluid Power Journal that WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

CHECK IT OUT! All of the subjects discussed here are available for review at www. fluidpowerjournal.com/watts-it-all-about.

The web seminars are available for members at www.IFPS.org or can be viewed at www.danhelgerson.com/ videos-and-webinars. If you have any questions, please contact Dan Helgerson at Dan@DanHelgerson.com.

I put under the heading of “Watts It All About.”

This became my forum for presenting ways to think differently about transferring energy through fluids. The articles began with describing the benefits of variable frequency drives, and has since covered the energy implications of flow controls, pressure reducing valves, pressure regulators, accumulators, and much more.

More recently, there has been an opportunity to present some new perspectives on fluid energy that allow us to think in terms of energy units, combining volume and pressure, rather than separating volume and pressure into distinct entities. The Journal has published a series of articles on “Transforming Fluid Power” where the implications of using energy units could be explored. This led to a series of webinars by the International Fluid Power Society where Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) for variable displacement hydraulic motors and Variable Displacement Transformers (VDT) for fixed hydraulic and pneumatic actuators were presented. These systems allow for velocity to be set without restrictive flow controls. The

actuators draw only the energy needed at the necessary rate to do the work, regardless of load or available pressure.

Another article covered the characteristics of Digital Displacement pumps. This is another innovation that is proving to be very beneficial in improving energy efficiency.

Over the years, I have seen the fluid power industry become more and more aware of the need for energy efficiency. The International Fluid Power Society has a sub-committee on Environmental Stewardship. The U.S. Department of Energy has realized the significance of fluid power and has provided funding for research and the development of products that will improve efficiency. Compressed Air Challenge has spotlighted the need for more efficient use of pneumatics, providing solutions to common, and often overlooked problems.

The International Fluid Power Society has dramatically increased its membership and increased its offering of certifications. The new study guides include energy and safety tips that have improved the level of professionalism in the fluid power industry and the awareness of the need for greater efficiency.

Have we arrived? Certainly not! New concepts like the VDT, PFM, and Digital Displacement are slow to catch on. “We’ve never done it that way before” is still a barrier to progress. But awareness is increasing, and the Fluid Power Journal is a leader in providing information and continues to be a forum for me.  MARCH 2019

35

ENABLING

IIoT CONNECTIVITY FOR INDUSTRY 4.0

By Will Healy III, Industry Marketing Director, Balluff Inc.

01110001 00111001 11110110

INDUSTRY 4.0

INDUSTRIAL IoT

GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE

Corporate Philosophy • Digitalization • New Technology • Lean Initiatives • Automation • Materials

Enabling Technology • Connected Devices • Connected Machines • Connected People • Big Data and Analytics • Predictive Maintenance

Positive Results • Visibility • Flexibility • Efficiency • Zero Downtime • Maximum OEE

The next industrial revolution isn’t coming; it has already begun. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 applications are the required cost of admission to be competitive in manufacturing today, regardless of whether a business is “mechanical only” or not. And to stay viable, businesses must be willing to invest in and efficiently optimize their own production through the use of both.

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INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS

INDUSTRY 4.0

Stated simply, IIoT is about connecting devices on the plant floor to a network. These connections deliver new ways to generate and collect useful data. By providing visibility down into the machine, IIoT allows for significant improvements to productivity and quality, including more predictive maintenance and big data analytics.

With IIoT, we are able to improve overall equipment effectiveness and provide new insights into our business.

Industry 4.0 aims to achieve unprecedented flexibility, efficient production, and visibility at every level of production through a blend of digitalization, new technology, and practical decisions meant to improve manufacturing. The impact of Industry 4.0 can be felt throughout our processes and across the supply chain. It blends lean initiatives, automation, technology, materials, downtime reduction upgrades, and investments in

overall equipment effectiveness.

This philosophy keeps the current generation of manufacturers competitive in a global market. While the German government set this precedent for Industry 4.0, the entire manufacturing world must now take on this challenge.

IMPLEMENTING IIOT AND INDUSTRY 4.0 By becoming IIoT-ready, standard systems like hydraulic power units (HPUs) receive a major boost.

Traditional on/off flow or pressure switches can be upgraded to provide

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

information beyond the simple switch points. Additionally, analog devices like temperature, pressure, flow, and level transducers can become IIoT-ready through open standard technologies like IO-Link.

These technologies add significant value by incorporating easy-to-report parameters, diagnostics, events and warnings. A standard HPU can become a smart power unit with minimal modification.

The value of IIoT increases with predictive maintenance, remote monitoring, and ease of troubleshooting. With IIoT-ready technologies, we can connect to the devices and know exactly what

needs fixing. In addition, it provides the possibility of predicting the failure before it occurs. This can dramatically reduce machine downtime as well as the time spent in hazardous locations.

It isn’t enough to merely select IIoT-ready technologies to fully leverage the value of Industry 4.0.

It is imperative that businesses analyze processes and implement flexibility into production. It is necessary to determine where automation technology makes sense to support lean processes. Manufacturers can see into every aspect of their production while manufacturing hundreds of variations of

product in the same line, all while assuring quality standards with virtually zero machine downtime.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND IIOT IIoT connects our devices, our data, our machines, and our people to the advantage of our company and customers. IIoT's connectivity is an enabling force for Industry 4.0., and Industry 4.0 is a cultural philosophy about how we can use that increased visibility, flexibility, and efficiency to be more competitive. Only by embracing both can businesses today sustain global competitiveness and achieve the highest levels of success. 

About the Author: Will Healy III is the Industry Marketing Director at Balluff Inc. in Florence, Kentucky, and he is enthusiastic about smart manufacturing, automation, and STEM education. Healy graduated from Purdue University with a degree in mechanical engineering, and has been sharing his passion for automation for more than 10 years in a variety of industries.

He is published and quoted in various trade magazines, works as an industrial adviser for multiple universities, and has widely presented on the value sensors, networking, and IIoT bring to manufacturing.

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MARCH 2019

37

R E S E A RC H TO WATC H

Molecular Models

T

his column will bring you the progress of the pre-competitive research being conducted at member universities that are part of the CCEFP network.

This research will help give insight into the future direction of fluid power.

The Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP) holds a monthly forum, highlighting research, workforce, and special topic presentations.

CCEFP is a network of fluid-power-research laboratories, academic faculty, graduate and undergraduate students at nine universities. It is also a National Science Foundation Research Center. For more information on CCEFP, visit www.ccefp.org.

Since 2014, the National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) Foundation has supported and is helping to expand the pre-competitive fluid-power-research activities of the CCEFP, dramatically increasing the number of institutions and students impacted by its research program. For more on NFPA, visit www. nfpa.com/aboutnfpa/ missionfocus.aspx.

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MARCH 2019

Polymer-Enhanced Fluid Effects on

Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Pumps

Presented by: Paul Michael, Researcher, Milwaukee School of Engineering, and Ashlie Martini, Professor, University of California-Merced Institutions: Milwaukee School of Engineering and University of California-Merced

»

PURPOSE To understand the relationships between polymer structure and mechanical efficiency in pumps, the research team examined the hydraulic efficiency, solution rheology, and molecular properties of polymers. Their goal was to bridge the gap between the fundamental behavior of polymer-enhanced fluids and the efficiency of fluid power systems.

Using idealized fluids better suited for research purposes, the team examined polymers reaction to the fluids with different rates of viscosity. This allowed them to test the molecular dynamics of the polymers comparatively through orthogonal sampling and Latin-Hypercube sampling, and determine their next steps toward improving the mechanical efficiency.

»

»

PROGRESS In a polymer-enhanced fluid, the polymer will elongate as shear stress increases. If the stress is severe enough, you will get fission in the polymer molecules, which leads to permanent viscosity loss. The preferred solution is to increase viscosity, which reduces leakage flow but also increases pump torque. The researchers choose to explore ways to reduce leakage flow without increasing torque by examining the chemistry and molecular structure of polymers.

Preliminary tests showed that despite the fact that the thicker fluid had a higher measure of efficiency in the pump, it took more input power to cycle the thicker fluid through the pump. Therefore, in order to save energy, the researchers needed to devise a way to improve the mechanical efficiency. In order to do this, the team turned their focus to experimental design to help develop machine models that could improve mechanical efficiency by reducing input power.

NEXT STEPS The research team chose to examine fluid density, viscosity and shear thinning via molecular simulation. This process allowed them to evaluate fluid performance under steady-state conditions. Upon completion, the team then increased test stand data acquisition and control system bandwidth in order to evaluate fluid performance under dynamic conditions as well.

What the research team found was that there was 8-10% lower efficiency under the dynamic conditions versus the steady-state conditions.

After further examination, it was discovered that the difference is due to inertia and compressibility of the fluids, which cannot be measured under steady-state conditions. With that in mind, the team will continue to devise other strategies to improve mechanical efficiency, which when combined with improvements to volumetric efficiency, will improve overall efficiency in hydraulic pumps.  WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I N D U S T RY N E W S

CL ASSIFIEDS

2019 Salary Survey

»

THE FLUID POWER JOURNAL, in collaboration with the International Fluid Power Society (IFPS), established an online salary survey for 2019 in order to create a baseline resource for professionals in the fluid power industry. The survey runs from April 1 through June 30. The results will be printed in the September 2019 issue of the Journal.

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com in April to participate!

New Digitization Solutions from Festo Advance Rockwell Automation’s IIoT Initiatives

»

AT AUTOMATION FAIR 2018, Festo introduced new three of its latest enablers for Rockwell Automation intelligent device initiatives that advance Rockwell Automation’s data-driven manufacturing and processing initiatives.

“The future of optimum overall equipment effectiveness and energy efficiency will rely on a collaborative maintenance environment and on intelligent devices that deliver real-time cloud-based analytics,” said Frank Latino, Festo product manager for Ethernet/IP. The Festo CPX-FB36 is the first Rockwell Automation third-party device that provides FactoryTalk Analytics for Devices (Shelby) with valve terminal health and diagnostic details. When combined with the MSE6E2M intelligent energy efficiency module, Shelby creates a dashboard providing the pneumatic response of a system with up to a six-month look-back.

Festo also previewed its soon to be released CPX-IoT Gateway. CPX-IoT gives customers preconfigured dashboards for Festo devices, including all CPX valve terminals and the MSE6-E2M intelligent energy efficiency module. Festo dashboards are designed to enhance energy savings and to improve overall equipment effectiveness.

Festo AppWorld now has a SaaS solution for EPLAN. Simply enter a configuration of any Encompass Referenced valve terminal and the service creates an error free EPLAN project in minutes. Ideal for system integrators and solution partners, this service can save a day of work and facilitate a digital-twin development.

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ADVERTISER INDEX Company........................................................ Page......... Circle

Hydraulex............................................................22.............280

Aignep USA........................................................... 6............. 261

Hydraulics Inc.....................................................37............. 271

Aignep USA.........................................................31.............295

Hydraulics Inc.....................................................30.............290

Assured Automation.........................................31............. 297

Inserta Products................................................ 12.............275

CFC Industrial Training..................................... 11.............263

Inserta Products................................................30.............293

Co-Ax Valves........................................................ 7.............262

J/T Hydraulics & Service Co............................29.............287

Danfoss Power Solutions................................. 13.............276

La-Man Corp.......................................................22............. 281

Delaware Manufacturing Industries Corp.....23.............270

Lubriplate Inc...................................... Back Cover.............273

Delaware Manufacturing Industries Corp.....30............. 291

Main Manufacturing Products Inc.................. 13.............277

DELTA Computer Systems Inc........................27.............278

Main Manufacturing Products Inc..................22.............282

DFI Solutions In Print.........................................30.............294

Oil-Rite Corp........................................................23.............283

EUFMC 2019.......................................................20............. 267

Oil-Rite Corp........................................................31.............296

Flange Lock........................................................ 15.............264

Power Valve U.S.A.............................................37.............272

Flange Lock........................................................29.............289

Power Valve U.S.A.............................................30.............292

Flow Ezy Filters Inc.............................................. 5.............258

Super Swivels.....................................................23.............284

Fluidyne Fluid Power.........................................22.............279

Targeted Display Advertising............................. 3.............260

GPM Controls..................................................... 15.............265

Yates Industries Inc............................................. 1.............257

Graco High Pressure Equipment Company....21.............268

Yates Industries Inc...........................................29.............286

Graco High Pressure Equipment Company.....12............. 274

Yates Industries Inc...........................................23.............285

Honor Pumps U.S.A..........................................23.............269

Youli America........................................................ 5.............259

Honor Pumps U.S.A..........................................31.............298

Youli America......................................................29.............288

Hydraulex............................................................ 19.............266

Component Showcase • Lit. Review • Product Spotlight MARCH 2019

39

SUBSCRIBE BY MAIL FILL OUT THIS CARD COMPLETELY, DETACH, AND MAIL OR FAX IT TO START YOUR SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO: PO BOX 2548 • ORLANDO, FL 32802-9830 • FAX: 1-866-207-1450 YOU CAN ALSO SUBSCRIBE ONLINE AT WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM. 01  YES! Please start/continue my complimentary subscription to the Fluid Power Journal Signature (required)

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 Check here if you would like to keep your name, address, phone and fax numbers confidential, and not released to third parties The address above is my:  Home Address  Business Address Which edition would you like to receive?  Print  Digital  Both (View a sample of our PAPERLESS digital edition at www.fluidpowerjournal.com) 1. Do you specify, select or influence the purchase of components & systems, on new or existing machinery?

If yes, which technologies? (check all that apply) 05  Hydraulic 06  Pneumatic 07  Vacuum 08  Electronic Controls

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2. What is your primary job title? (check only one) 10  Administration: Chairman, President, V.P., Secretary, Treasury, General Manager, Owner, Business Manager, Director, etc.

11  Plant Operations: VP of Manufacturing/ Operation/ Production, Plant Management/ Director/ Manager/ Supervisor/ Superintendent/ Foreman/ Safety Director, etc.

12  Engineering: V.P. Eng., Eng., Design Eng., Director of Eng., Staff Specialist, Chief Eng., Senior Eng., Maintenance/Production Eng., etc.

13  Technical: Chief Tech., Fluid Power Tech., etc.

14  Mechanical: Chief Master Mech., Master Mech., Fluid Power Mech., etc.

15  Purchasing: VP/Director of Purch., Procurement Manager, Buyer, Purch., etc.

16  Other: (please specify)_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Number of employees at this location?

A  1-19 B  20-49 C  50-99

D  100-249

E  250-499

F  500-999

4. What is the primary business activity at this location?

In the Fluid Power Industry, Outside the Fluid Power Industry 56  Manufacturer 57  Distributor 58  Education 59  Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 61  Other: (please specify)__________________________________________ 5. Which of the following best describes your market focus?

A  Aerospace A  Marine & Offshore Equipment B  Agricultural Machinery B  Material Handling Equipment C  Automotive C  Mining Machinery D  Civil Engineering D  Packaging Machinery E  Cranes E  Plastic Machinery F  Drills & Drilling Equip.

F  Presses & Foundry G  Flame Cutting/Welding Equip. G  Railroad Machinery H  Food Machinery H  Road Construct/Maint. Equip.

I  Forestry I  Simulators & Test Equipment J  Furnaces J  Snow Vehicles, Ski Lifts K  Gas & Oilfield Machinery K  Steel Plants & Rolling Mills L  Heavy Construction & Equip. L  Truck & Bus Industry M  Military Vehicles M  Textile Machinery N  Construction & Utility Equip.

N  Woodworking Machines O  Machine Tools O  Other (specify)_____________ P  Government Related P  Fluid Power Industry

G  1000+

60  End User of Fluid Power Products

MY COMPANY SHOULD BE ADVERTISING IN OR SUBMIT AN ARTICLE TO THE FLUID POWER JOURNAL. PLEASE CONTACT THIS PERSON: NAME:_ _____________________________________ TITLE:_______________________________________

SCAN HERE

PHONE:_____________________________________

Please circle numbers for additional information from our advertisers.

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128

READER SERVICE FORM

For complimentary information, mail or fax completed form to: c/o iPacesetters P.O. Box 413050 • Naples, FL 34101-6795 Fax: 888-847-6035 TYPE OR PRINT ONLY: Name Title Company Company Address City

State

Phone

Zip Code Fax

Web Address E-Mail Address

129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157

158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186

187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215

216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244

1. Do you specify, select, or influence the purchase of components & systems on new or existing machinery?

If yes, in which technologies? (check all that apply) 05  Hydraulic 06  Pneumatic 07  Vacuum 2. What is your primary job title? (check all that apply)

10  Administration 13  Technical

11  Plant Operations 14  Mechanical

3. Which of the following best describes your market focus?

A  Aerospace I  Forestry B  Agricultural Machinery J  Furnaces C  Automotive K  Gas & Oilfield Machinery D  Civil Engineering L  Heavy Construction E  Cranes & Equipment F  Drills & Drilling Equipment M  Military Vehicles G  Flame Cutting/Welding N  Construction & Utility Equipment

Equipment O  Machine Tools H  Food Machinery P  Government Related 4. Number of employees at this location?

A  1-19

B  20-49

245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273

274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302

D  100-249

5. What is the primary business activity at this location?

In the Fluid Power Industry: 56  Manufacturer 57  Distributor Outside the Fluid Power Industry: 59  Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 6. In which region does your company do business? (check all that apply) 61  East 62  Midwest 63  Southeast 64  Southwest

332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360

361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389

03  Yes 04  No 08  Electronic Controls

12  Engineering 15  Purchasing

A  Marine & Offshore Equipment B  Material Handling Equipment C  Mining Machinery D  Packaging Machinery E  Plastic Machinery F  Presses & Foundry G  Railroad Machinery H  Road Construction/ Maintenance Equipment

C  50-99

303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331

E  250-499

390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418

419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447

448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476

477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505

09  None of these

16  Other

I  Simulators & Test Equipment J  Snow Vehicles, Ski Lifts K  Steel Plants & Rolling Mills L  Truck & Bus Industry M  Textile Machinery N  Woodworking Machines O  Other (specify) P  Fluid Power Industry F  500-999

G  1000+

58  Education 60  End User of Fluid Power Products 65  West

66  National

67  International

7. My Company should be advertising in or submit an article to the Fluid Power Journal. Please contact this person: Name: ___________________________________ Title: _________________________________ Phone: _______________________________________ 8. I wish to receive a free subscription to Fluid Power Journal:

01  Yes

02  No

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Signature Date 9. I would like more information on the following products: (Please check all that apply) 800  Accumulators 805  Filters 808  Hose & Tubing 801  Accessories 806  Gauges & Sensors 809  Hydraulic Fluids 802  Electronic Controls 807  Heat Exchangers, 810  Motors 803  Couplings & Fittings

Heaters, Aftercoolers, 811  Pumps 804  Cylinders

Dryers 812  Seals & Packing 10. I plan on purchasing the above products in the next: 68  0-3 months 69  3-6 months

70  6-9 months

Please send information about the International Fluid Power Society (check all that apply) 897  Membership 898  Certification 899  Training/Education

71  12+ months

813  Vacuum 814  Valves 815  Software

REQUEST FREE

product information online at fluidpowerjournal.com

ISSUE: March 2019 EXPIRES: April 30, 2019

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