Fluid Power Journal December 2023 by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc.

DECEMBER 2023

SUSTAINABLE CONSIDERATIONS FOR FLUID POWER & OFF-HIGHWAY OEMS WHAT BLAISE PASCAL NEVER TOLD YOU Innovative Designs & Publishing • 3245 Freemansburg Avenue • Palmer, PA 18045-7118

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NOTABLE WORDS Scott Sardina

ALL ABOUT VACUUM & FIGURE IT OUT

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IN THIS ISSUE

December 2023

VOLUME 30 • ISSUE 12

Features 6 Cover Story What Are the Best Pressure Transducers for Semiconductor Applications?

Insight into the challenges and solutions for measurement instrumentation, and which type is best suited for your needs.

11 Test Your Skills Understanding the Selection Process of a Pressure Control Valve

Understanding the limits of your relief valve.

14 Sustainable Considerations for Fluid Power & Off-Highway OEMs The importance of component manufacturers to incorporate efficient methods of sustainability in their production and packaging.

16 What Blaise Pascal Never Told You

Walk through one of the most important equations in fluid power and determine how flow control equals power control.

14 Publisher’s Note: The information provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. While all efforts have been taken to ensure the technical accuracy of the material enclosed, Fluid Power Journal is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, currency, or reliability of any information, statement, opinion, or advice contained in a third party’s material. Fluid Power Journal will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on information obtained in this publication.

Departments

Notable Words

Figure It Out

Product Spotlight

Web Marketplace

NFPA Update

IFPS Update

All About Vacuum

Literature Review

Classifieds

N O TA B L E W O R D S

Let’s Get Together

“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” – Henry Ford

By Scott Sardina, PE, CFPS, CFPECS

THE INTERNATIONAL FLUID

Power Society (IFPS) hosts an in-person meeting every spring and fall to discuss changes or improvements to the certifications, membership, education, and to talk about general business initiatives. As a member, you can join us at these meetings to voice your opinions and ideas to keep the organization moving forward. We have had very productive meetings this year, which included establishing our five-year vision. The purpose of the vision is to make sure we continue working together in a cohesive direction. This not only helps the business but is also intended to streamline the user experience (that’s you!). Our vision is to increase our global community with an added emphasis on the global part. There are some metrics in there as well, but I’ll spare you the numbers. This does not mean you HAVE to be a member to be a part of the IFPS community. We are just as happy if you find value in one of our webinars, just want to get certified, or obtain a training resource. We recognize that members of a community come in different forms. Ultimately, we intend on being there for you on your personal fluid power journey.

December 2023

In my article at the beginning of this year, I encouraged everyone to keep their childlike curiosity and join the IFPS family. I am happy to report that we have grown together as a community and organization. There has been an increased interest in fluid power certification as well as education throughout 2023. We have heard the demand and have responded with increased services and more personalized training experiences including our first test in Spanish (más por venir). Being bilingual myself, I cannot express how happy I am to see some of our content translated into another language. Please explore some of these new tools and take advantage of the resources you get as a member of the IFPS family. If you are still with me at this point, thank you for being here. You might be asking yourself, “Why is this guy pushing so hard about coming together?”. Well, we live in a fast-paced world with our heads in our phones watching 10 second videos and often forget to work with the person right next to us. Now you might be asking yourself, “Who is this old guy?”. I won’t tell you how old I am, but I am younger than a boomer. There are only certain things that can be accomplished by people of different backgrounds coming together with a common passion. IFPS is proof of that. It has been a complete honor being the 2023 president of IFPS. I would like to thank the IFPS staff for successfully keeping the organization running every day and executing new initiatives. I would also like to thank all the members of the board and those serving on committees for volunteering your time and ideas. We would not be able to do what we do without all of you. We have been heading in the right direction throughout 2023, and I am excited to see where we go from here. Looking forward to seeing you there.

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FIGURE IT OUT

New Problem PUBLISHER Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc. 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118 Tel: 800-730-5904 or 610-923-0380 Fax: 610-923-0390 • Email: Art@FluidPowerJournal.com www.FluidPowerJournal.com Founders: Paul and Lisa Prass Associate Publisher: Bob McKinney Editor: Hannah Coursey Technical Editor: Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC Marketing and Social Media Consultant: Kristy Jones Graphic Designer: Nicholas Reeder Accounting: Donna Bachman, Sarah Varano Circulation Manager: Andrea Karges INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY 1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite A-2, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003-2141 Tel: 856-424-8998 • Fax: 856-424-9248 Email: AskUs@ifps.org • Web: www.ifps.org 2023 BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Scott Sardina, PE, CFPAI, CFPHS Waterclock Engineering Immediate Past President: Denis Poirier Jr., CFPAI/AJPP, CFPHS, CFPIHM, CFPCC Danfoss Power Solutions First Vice President: Jeff Hodges, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMHM- Altec Industries Treasurer: Lisa DeBenedetto, CFPS GS Global Resources Vice President Certification: James O’Halek, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMIP, CMPMM - The Boeing Company Vice President Marketing: Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS - OneHydraulics Vice President Education: Daniel Fernandes, CFPECS, CFPS Sun Hydraulics Vice President Membership: Garrett Hoisington, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPMHM - Open Loop Energy DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Stephen Blazer, CFPE, CFPS, CFPMHM, CFPIHT, CFPMHT Altec Industries Cary Boozer, PE, CFPE - Motion Industries Bruce Bowe, CFPAI/AJPP - Altec Industries Bradlee Dittmer, CFPPS - Norgren/IMI Precision Engineering Brian Kenoyer, CFPHS - Cemen Tech Wade Lowe, CFPS - Hydraquip Distribution Jon Rhodes, CFPAI, CFPS, CFPECS - CFC Industrial Training Mohaned Shahin, CFPS - Parker Hannifin Randy Smith, CFPHS - Northrop Grumman Ethan Stuart, CFPS, CFPECS - Quadrogen Bradley Wagner, CFPAI/AJPP - Manitowoc Crane Group Brian Wheeler, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMM, CFPMIP The Boeing Company CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (EX-OFFICIO) Donna Pollander, ACA HONORARY DIRECTOR (EX-OFFICIO) Ernie Parker, CFPAI/AJPP - Hydra Tech IFPS STAFF Chief Executive Officer: Donna Pollander, ACA Communications Coordinator: Victoria Piro Technical Director: Thomas Blansett, CFPS, CFPAI Assistant Director: Jenna Mort Certification Logistics Manager: Kyle Pollander Bookkeeper: Diane McMahon Administrative Assistant: Beth Borodziuk Instructional Designer and Layout: Chalie Clair Fluid Power Journal (ISSN# 1073-7898) is the official publication of the International Fluid Power Society published monthly with four supplemental issues, including a Systems Integrator Directory, Off-Highway Suppliers Directory, Tech Directory, and Manufacturers Directory, by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc., 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part of any material in this publication is acceptable with credit. Publishers assume no liability for any information published. We reserve the right to accept or reject all advertising material and will not guarantee the return or safety of unsolicited art, photographs, or manuscripts.

Pump Continues To Fail After the Main Directional Valve Was Replaced Weeks Earlier

By Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH, CFPMM, CFC Industrial Training

A MANUFACTURER HAD a machine

where the hydraulic system would clamp the part first, then extend a cylinder to stamp part numbers on its body. Then an air cylinder would extend a cylinder with a hydraulic motor attached to its rod that would grind a notch in the part. The operator Pump to fail after mobile would then reverse the air drivencontinues cylinder with the hydraulic motor as well valve was replaced weeks earlier as retract the two hydraulic cylinders and manually remove the casting. GUAGE 4 The manually actuated directional valve was worn out and replaced with a new one that was in their stores room. Several weeks later the piston pump failed, and they replaced it with a new one that only lasted less than 6 weeks. The pump manufacturer denied warGUAGE 3 ranty claiming the cause was due to a lack of lubrication. How could this be when the pumps were located below the tank and the pump had a positive intake set-up? GUAGE 5

For the solution, see page 13.

GUAGE 6

GUAGE 2 GUAGE 7

GUAGE 1

Robert Sheaf has more than 45 years troubleshooting, training, and consulting in the fluid power field. Email rjsheaf@cfc-solar.com or visit his website at www.cfcindustrialtraining.com. Visit fluidpowerjournal.com/figure-it-out to view previous problems.

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December 2023

COVER STORY

What Are the Best Pressure Transducers for Semiconductor Applications? By Adam Freyler

December 2023

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he semiconductor industry affects nearly every aspect of our lives today. Your cell phone, computer, television, car, and any other electronic device you use each day all depend on semiconductor intelligence. But for those of you who work in the industry, you know that the semiconductor manufacturing process requires highly specialized equipment and instruments that are exceptionally reliable and can handle corrosive gasses and chemicals with stringent contamination control. Pressure sensors, including pressure transducers and pressure transmitters, for instance, play a critical role in the creation of semiconductors. These instruments measure pressure to control the flow and distribution of ultrahigh purity (UHP) gases and liquids safely and effectively throughout the production process. This article will provide insight into the unique challenges and solutions for pressure measurement instrumentation used in semiconductor UHP gas and liquid processes. It will also review the best types of pressure transducers that are designed for these complex processes.

Four Primary Challenges of Semiconductor Manufacturing The equipment and instruments used in these processes must be manufactured in a certain way. A few important considerations include:

1. Contamination Control Semiconductor manufacturing is constantly challenged to enhance performance and reduce costs. To successfully achieve these, developers continuously increase the circuitry capacity and density on each silicon wafer. This is accomplished by constantly shrinking the size of the features and patterns on the wafer itself, which is often called minimum feature size and measured in nanometers (nm). As the reduction of circuit pattern sizes continues, it is crucial to maintain strict contamination control measures throughout the manufacturing process to prevent even the most minute foreign particles from damaging the exposed wafer surfaces.

2. Clean and Smooth Surfaces Clean and smooth surfaces reduce the area exposed to the process and result in shorter times for systems to reach vacuum pressure and remove potential contamination. Pressure transducers used in the semiconductor process to measure and control the flow of ultra-high purity gases must be intentionally

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designed to prevent foreign particles from getting inside their cavities. Further, the portion of the sensor exposed to the UHP gases or liquids must be extremely clean and have ultra-smooth surfaces.

3. High-Quality Material The material used in the construction of pressure instruments needs to be extremely high quality and compatible with the process media. For example, in gas applications, transducers with high-purity grades of 316L stainless steel are commonly recommended due to their high resistance to corrosion as well as their resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. In liquid applications, high-purity grades of fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxy (PTFE/PFA) are commonly used due to their exceptional chemical resistance and prevention of contamination.

4. Safety Approvals for Hazardous Locations Some of the gases and liquids used in semiconductor applications are toxic, flammable, and otherwise dangerous to those handling them so careful selection of pressure measurement instruments must include appropriate approvals and be made to address critical safety concerns. These dangers may necessitate approvals for intrinsic safety or non-incendive locations and require approvals such as ATEX and IECEx for these applications. Intrinsic safety approvals mean the sensor uses a type of barrier that limits the energy applied to an instrument to prevent an explosion from occurring. The barrier is the buffer between the hazardous location and the non-hazardous locations. This is the safest method and is the only method approved for applications where the hazard is continuously present. Non-incendive safety approvals involve limiting the energy that is applied to an instrument to prevent an explosion without the use of a barrier. The user’s design must limit the energy to the instrument. Non-incendive approvals generally apply to locations where the hazard is not present under normal conditions but has the potential to become hazardous under certain conditions. continued on page 8

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December 2023

continued from page 7

Three Factors for Choosing Pressure Transducers for Any Semiconductor Applications

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When it comes to the best transducers for the process of semiconductor manufacturing, many of the same features are important for liquid and gas processes. Here are a few other features that are important for gas and liquid applications: • Repeatability - When purchasing a pressure transducer semiconductor manufacturing, it’s important to trust the measurement your instrument is providing. Ideally, whenever you test the pressure with the same tool, you want a device that will give you a consistent reading every time with no need for zero or span adjustment. • Durability - Shock, vibration, pressure spikes, and pulsation can all create challenges for semiconductor operations. If not appropriately designed, pressure transducers can be damaged under harsh operating environments. The best options in this situation are the transducers that are built to withstand rugged conditions. • Accuracy – You’ll also want to confirm the pressure sensor you choose meets the minimum requirements of your specific application. To be sure you have the most accurate measurement, look at the technology the instrument uses for reading pressure. Some instruments offer a ±0.25% of span accuracy out of the box with zero and span setting errors already included in the specification. This means the unit is ready to be installed with no additional calibration adjustments needed.

The Semiconductor Process

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LIQUIDS The semiconductor manufacturing process is a highly intricate transformation of a blank silicon wafer into discrete microelectronic devices. Generally speaking, the process involves the layering of materials to form pathways and junctions on the wafer that enable the flow and storage of electronic data. During this portion of the manufacturing process, exceptional precision is required to maintain purity and eliminate contamination at the atomic level.

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December 2023

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Silicon wafers are large and extremely thin. They are cut with a wire saw from laboratory-grown silicon ingots which are over 99.99% pure. Silicon wafer sizes are commonly 200 – 300mm (7.9 - 11.8 in.) in diameter with a thickness of well under 1mm (0.04 in.). A single wafer is the starting point for the creation of what may be 100’s to 1000’s of individual microelectronic chips.

Two Primary Steps in Liquid Semiconductor Manufacturing 1. Clean and polish the wafer. Wafers must be incredibly flat over their entire surface. To obtain flatness at an atomic level, wafers must be cleaned and polished to a level 1000 times beyond “mirror finish”. One of the prevalent processes used to produce this type of finish is Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP). With CMP, a chemical slurry is used to both abrasively and chemically remove any material from the surface of the wafer. Slurries can be alkaline or acidic and include nanoscale particles used for polishing. Removing any impurities, especially metals, is crucial to prevent surface defects on the wafer. To achieve this, any surface that comes in contact with the CMP slurry must be able to withstand abrasion, chemical breakdown, and leaching. In the case of pressure transducers, the design should incorporate high-purity grades of fluoropolymers (such as Teflon™, PTFE, or PFA) as the construction materials.The challenge of using fluoropolymers is that they have relatively poor mechanical properties for a measurement device which requires exceptional precise response to the applied pressure over all process variables. However, a method that combines a PTFE/PFA diaphragm in contact with the fluid that is bonded to a ceramic sensor element, combines the outstanding properties of both materials in this specific application. 2. Wet etching. This step in the semiconductor manufacturing process uses a controlled technique to remove (etch out) select portions of the semiconductor material to define the desired structure or pattern on the blank wafer. To achieve the desired result, the wet etching process can use extremely powerful alkalis or acids. Some examples of these are Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), Hydrochloric Acid (HCL), Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and Nitric Acid (HNO3). The challenge of handling these liquids includes their ability to leach any impurities contained within the surface of a material as well as penetrating the material itself.

continued on page 10

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December 2023

continued from page 9

Best features for transducers used in the liquid distribution process of semiconductor manufacturing • High purity grade PTFE/PFA used for wetted parts for mitigation of both corrosion and minimal contaminant leaching. • Multiple mounting options for compatibility with different process connections • A secondary vent design to contain potential gas/vapor permeation • Digital display (optional)

needed to process variables such as pressure, temperature, and flow. In the case of pressure measurements, the pressure transducers used for gas distribution must offer highly accurate and repeatable measurements while maintaining absolute cleanliness inside the system. Factors that may impact the accuracy of pressure transducers in these applications include the technology used within the device, the materials of construction, and resistance to environmental impacts such as electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Why Materials of Construction Are Vital to the Process

The Semiconductor Process

GASES As discussed earlier, semiconductor manufacturing operations also rely on the precise and accurate delivery of ultra-high purity (UHP) gases. UHP gases are required, at times, to exceed purity levels of 99.9995%. Additionally, there may be as many as 49 different UHP gases used1 in the semiconductor production process, often with mixtures being created during a delivery process. After each process step, gases must be completely removed or purged so it does not contaminate a subsequent process step.

Complexities of Gas Semiconductor Manufacturing Gas delivery systems employed in Semiconductor manufacturing are utilized to manage the important job of injecting these UHP gases. These systems deliver gases from the source (i.e., a cylinder) to the process chamber where the wafers are located. This delivery generally directs UHP gases at relatively high pressure (compressed) and reduces pressure to near or below atmospheric pressure in the process chamber. For UHP gas delivery systems to function and control properly, precision measurements are

December 2023

In addition to purity and corrosion resistance, there are a couple of other critical factors to consider when selecting measurement instruments for your semiconductor manufacturing process: 1. Susceptibility to hydrogen exposure. Hydrogen is used in a variety of different semiconductor applications. For instance, it is used as an effective “scavenger gas” to remove oxygen in a crystal growth process called Epitaxy2. But hydrogen also has a unique challenge: it is known to cause embrittlement in certain metals. Embrittlement is a phenomenon that causes loss of ductility and, consequently, brittleness in a material. In a pressure transducer that utilizes a diaphragm to consistently flex like a spring, embrittlement can have a very negative impact on the repeatability and stability of the device. 316L Stainless steel is commonly employed due to its combination of broad resistance to corrosion as well as its strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. 2. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). EMI is the unwanted electromagnetic emissions or disturbances that interfere with the functioning of electronic devices or systems. These interferences can be generated from typical equipment sources found in industrial environments such as from motors and drives. EMI can also be generated from the many unique high voltage/high power processes that may release large amounts of static discharge or create large electromagnetic fields. EMI can create several undesired effects with instruments like pressure transducers that can impact the accuracy of a signal temporarily, cause long-term drift, reduce the lifespan, or even destroy a device altogether. A standard from the SEMI industry association was created (SEMI E176-1017) to manage and mitigate EMI within semiconductor processes, but it is

impossible to fully eliminate it. It is, therefore, very important to select products that meet EMC standards and fully test them in the applications.

Best features for transducers used in the gas distribution process of semiconductor manufacturing • High purity grade 316L stainless steel materials • High resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI) • Hazardous location approvals such as ATEX or IECEx • Digital display (optional)

Changes to Semiconductor Processes are Inevitable With a better understanding of the challenges in semiconductor UHP gas and liquid processes and the pressure measurement solutions designed to meet those challenges, you can be sure of one thing: change is coming. The global semiconductor industry is expected to continue robust growth over the next few years, so semiconductor suppliers face the challenge of improving supply to meet demand. This includes increasing transistor density, improving reliability, and, of course, reducing production and purchasing costs. This is especially true for materials in emerging technologies such as: • Artificial intelligence (AI) • Autonomous driving • The Internet of Things (IoT) • 5 G—i.e., increasing transistor density, improving reliability, and reducing production and purchasing costs. Stay informed of the latest trends and innovations in this ever-changing industry and the products that best support its stringent requirements. •

Visit Ashcroft.com to learn more. 1 NIST Fluid Metrology Group Index of Semiconductor Processes Gases 2 Epitaxy - Physical Principles and Technical Implementation ISBN 978-3-642-08737-0

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TEST YOUR SKILLS

2000

3000

Pressure Over-Ride

Cracking PSI

PSI

3000

Small Pressure Over-Ride

2000

Pressure Over-Ride

1000

1000 Reset PSI 5

ressure control valves are sensitive to the direction of flow. For example, flow cannot pass through a relief valve from T to P. Some pressure control valves, such as sequence valves, pressure reducing valves, and load holding/load control valves (counterbalance, holding, over-center, and brake valves) are located in circuits between the directional control valve and the actuator. In order to allow reverse flow around the pressure control section of the valve, these valves include reverse free-flow check valves. If the valve is installed incorrectly (backwards), the desired actuator control will not be achieved. When choosing a pressure control valve, there are a number of factors that must be considered. A pressure control valve must be able to handle both the pressure and flow of the system being controlled or protected. It is also important to understand the characteristics of the valve when setting the pressure. There can be a substantial difference between the cracking and full flow-pressure setting of the valve. A simple, directing acting relief is held closed by a spring pushing on a poppet or ball against a seat. When the pressure is great enough to act on the area of the poppet and lift it against the spring, the valve cracks open. However, the act of lifting the poppet compresses the spring and causes an increase in the pressure setting. As the flow past the poppet increases, there is a corresponding increase in pressure. A system whose relief is set at a cracking pressure may experience the stalling of the prime mover and/or greater than desired force at the actuator when full flow is being relieved.

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GPM

A compound relief mitigates this effect by using a simple relief to vent the spring chamber of a main valve. The poppet in the main valve is held closed by a relatively light spring and by the system pressure that is felt through a small orifice in the poppet. When the pressure setting of the direct operating relief is met, the valve cracks open, venting the spring chamber of the main valve and allowing that poppet to open, relieving the system. The flow through the simple relief is relatively constant and so there is little difference between the cracking and full flow-pressure, up to the flow rating of the valve. The actual system pressure is an accumulation of the cracking pressure of the simple relief, the spring rating of the main valve, and the pressure drop through the effective orifice of the valve. When the rated flow is passing through the valve, the poppet is fully open and the effective orifice is fixed at its maximum. Any increase in flow will result in an increase in system pressure known as pressure override.

GPM

The response time of a compound relief will be the combination of the opening of the simple relief and that of the main stage. Consequently, a compound relief will take longer to open than a simple relief. This is why a simple relief should be chosen when protecting against sudden pressure spikes. •

TEST YOUR SKILLS 1.

The cracking pressure of a direct operating relief valve is:

The pressure at which the valve begins to open.

The highest pressure the valve can withstand.

Higher than the full flow-pressure.

The pressure at which the valve housing will split.

The same for all relief valves.

See page 13 for the solution.

December 2023

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December 2023

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When the directional control valve was replaced with what they thought was the same set-up, had a plug missing. The valve was an open center and not a closed center set-up that was needed. This allowed the pressure compensated pump to unload close to zero PSI, greatly reducing the lubrication flow needed by these types of pumps. Lesson learned: Do not allow PC pumps to idle for any period length below 250 PSI that’s needed to keep these pumps from seizing.

The correct answer to Test Your Skills on page 11 is 1-c.

December 2023

Sustainable

Considerations for Fluid Power & Off-Highway OEMs By Matthias Keck, Director of Technology, and Michael Cook, Global Segment Director, Fluid Power & Off-Highway

n today’s environmental and economic landscape, it is critical for fluid power and off-highway component manufacturers, as well as seal suppliers, to incorporate sustainability aspects into methods of production and packaging and explore innovations that contribute to efficiency. They need to focus on engineering simulations that increase the service life of seals and consider ways to recycle materials and components instead of scraping them. Doing “just enough” is no longer sufficient for customers and society. Component manufacturers need to align their sustainability efforts with manufacturing best practices for the future by taking an outside-in approach, guided by relevant UN Sustainability Development Goals, and incorporating circularity measures.

Production One aspect of sustainability is the reduction of the total carbon footprint of a component’s production. To achieve this, component partners often consider the sustainability of materials. A safe and practical way to implement the use of lower-carbon materials is the mass balance approach. 14

December 2023

Companies feed biomass, plastic waste, and fossil raw materials together in a chemical process and the output is one material made of mixed feedstock. The mass balance approach accounts for the flow of mass into and out of a system, as well as the accumulation or depletion of mass within the system. This allows for industrial processes to incrementally increase the proportion of sustainable material feedstock over time and therefore the proportion of products made from sustainable materials. Even though it may not be possible to use solely biosourced materials, the mass-balanced approach makes sustainable production accessible for fluid power and off-highway sealing solutions. Component manufacturers should also look at contributing to material savings through advanced production techniques such as tooling capable of flashless molding leaving no excess material behind. Better tooling produces less scrap or parts that do not meet customers’ needs due in part to geometrical deviations or surface defects. Scrap and material savings can also be achieved by simulating production processes before making a tool. Production experts can simulate how the material will flow in a mold and identify deformations in geometry. They

can optimize the production process in theory and then apply the simulation results to tooling design and process parameters.

Packaging When it comes to packaging, manufacturers like Trelleborg have transitioned from shipping products in white cardboard boxes – which require an additional bleaching process using chemicals and excess resources like water – to using traditional brown cardboard. Suppliers should investigate shipping products in packaging made from recycled or bio-based materials. Other options include utilizing reusable packaging wherever possible.

Application Depending on the application, it may not always be feasible to use bio-based sealing products. Still, it’s important that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) acknowledge if their suppliers contribute WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

to sustainable applications or not. For example, it is impractical to make the sealing elements for hydraulic pitch cylinders in wind turbines using biobased products. However, wind energy is a sustainable and alternative energy source and high-performance sealing non-biobased systems allow for reliable operation under demanding conditions and long service life.

Energy Efficiency Some component suppliers emphasize innovations that have low-friction characteristics and therefore contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability. For example, Trelleborg’s Turcon® Roto L seal extends seal life on axles with central tire inflation systems by only sealing when required. This reduces friction and lowers fuel consumption, thereby conserving energy. The Turcon® Roto L seal’s patented design combines a Turcon® M12 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based sealing lip with a rubber jacket and a stable shape-forming metal part. During phases of constant tire pressure, the sealing lip holds lightly against the sealing surface for zero friction performance and only activates during a change of tire pressure. This sealing concept minimizes wear, resulting in a significant extension of seal life – up to four times longer than traditional seals.

Service Life To make better-quality seals that contribute to sustainability, component manufacturers need to know the real load cycle of an application. Oftentimes, OEMs know and share peak operating conditions - maximum pressure, speed, velocity, and temperature extremes. Seals are engineered to withstand these peak conditions but if seal manufacturers know the real load cycle of an application, they can make better recommendations on materials and sealing products.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Finite element analysis simulations can also help predict a seal’s function over time and required maintenance intervals. A seal’s life can be calculated for decades in a matter of hours. This information enables component manufacturers to design a seal with optimized characteristics and provide fluid power OEMs guidance on how to meet specifications that will maximize the life of the seals and equipment. Being able to predict a seal’s lifetime offers a huge return on investment for OEMs since it allows for planned maintenance rather than costly unplanned line stops or in-field stoppages.

Thinking Circular Seal suppliers and OEMs should consider the circular economy in the design phase of their products, materials, and solutions, instead of using the traditional linear economy approach to manufacturing. Rather than using raw material to make a component that is scrapped at the end of its life, why not utilize an option better suited for the environment and your business? Creating circular products that last longer and use less energy, can be repaired, refurbished, or recycled, and have a useful second life, supports sustainability.

Conclusion Some sustainability improvements for fluid power component manufacturing are straightforward whereas others are more indirect but often no less valuable. A sealing partner focused on how to reduce its carbon footprint in the areas of production, packaging, applications, energy efficiency, service life, and recycling can help OEMs reach their sustainability goals. •

December 2023

Pa scal Never Told You What

Blai se

By Dan Helgerson, CFPS, CFPAI, CFPSD

December 2023

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

laise Pascal, the French physicist, found that a confined fluid transmits externally applied pressure uniformly in all directions and that the resultant force is applied perpendicular to the walls of the container and is described as the pressure per unit area of the container walls. It is from his research that we have what is probably the most important equation in all of fluid power; the simple formula of F = p • A where F = Force, p = pressure, and A = Area. What Blaise never mentioned was that pressure times volume equals energy. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. It could be kinetic energy that is doing work or potential energy that is waiting to do work. A confined fluid under pressure, whether flowing or static, has energy, which is the capacity to do work. E = p • V where E = Energy, p = pressure, and V = Volume. Equation

Metric

US Customary

E=p•V

E = Energy Nm p = pressure MPa V = Volume cm³

E = Energy lbf.in. p = pressure psi V = Volume in³

This equation is changing the way we think about the transfer of energy through fluids. Let me explain… and you might want to get out your calculator as we move through the explanation. In an electrical system there is generally a fixed voltage and the amount of work that can be done is determined by the available amperage. When you start up the grinding wheel on your workbench, a constant voltage is supplied to the motor and just the right amount of amperage passes through to maintain the rpm. When you begin to sharpen a tool, a new load is placed on the motor, but the voltage does not change. It is only the amperage that changes as the load varies.

In a fluid power system, the opposite happens. A fixed displacement fluid motor, hydraulic or pneumatic, having a constant rpm, must have a constant flow rate. As the load varies, it is the pressure that becomes the variable entity. Electrical System

Fluid System

Fixed Voltage

Fixed Volume

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy

Variable Amperage

Stored Electrons

Fixed Flow

Fixed Volume

We all learned early in our career that “Flow means Go,” and “Pressure means Push.” These axioms are true, but they have handicapped our ability to properly analyze our fluid systems for maximum efficiency. Energy is the ability to do work. Individually, voltage, amperage, electrons, pressure, flow, or volume do not have energy. Each must be coupled with its appropriate counterpart to be able to do work. The graphic shows a weighted cylinder with both metric and US Customary dimensions (just so everybody can take part in the discussion). We know that the downward force (weight) times the height equals the potential energy (PE) in the load. A load of 78,540 N raised to a height of 0.2 meters will have a PE of 15,708 Nm. Doing the math with pounds and inches we find a PE of 145,768 lbf.in. No surprise there. Dividing the load by the piston area will provide the pressure (p = F / A). But this is what Blaise Pascal never told you: If you take the volume of fluid under the piston and multiply it by the pressure, you will find that the PE in the fluid is exactly the same as the PE in the load. A pressure of 10 MPa acting on 1,570.8 cm³ produces a PE of 15,708 Nm. 1,450 psi continued on page 18

78,540 N (18,221 lbf) PE = F • H 78,540 N x 0.2 m = 15,708 Nm (18,221 lbf x 8 in = 145,768 lbf in.) PE = p • V 10 Mpa x 1,570.8 cm³ = 15,708 Nm (1,450 psi x 100.53 in³ = 145,768 lbf in.)

1,570.8 cm³ (100.53 in³)

20 cm (8 in)

10 MPa (1,450 psi)

10 cm (4 in) Weighted Cylinder

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

December 2023

continued from page 17 acting on 100.53 in³ produces a PE of 145,768 lbf.in. Each cm³ is charged with 10 Nm of energy. Each in³ is charged with 1,450 lbf.in. of energy. The pressurized volume is made up of energy units (UE), MPa/cm³ or Nm, psi/in³ or lbf.in. Weighted Accumulator Bore cm/in

Stroke cm/in

Load N/lbf

Pressure MPa/psi

Volume cm³/in³

Metric

PE (FxH) Nm/lbf.in.

PE (pxV) cm³/in³

78,540

1570.8

15,708

18,221

1,450

101

145,768

Now this should come as no surprise. It makes perfect sense that the energy in the fluid must equal the energy in the load, but this is something that most of us have not been asked to consider. We will see how our lack of attention to these energy units (UE) has caused much of the waste in our fluid power systems.

To extend these cylinders, we are conditioned to think only of the volume, separate from the pressure, and so we conclude that we do not have enough fluid. According to the chart, we have an available volume of 1,570.8 cm³ (101 in³) with a required volume of 2,042 cm³ (126 in³). We come up short by 471 cm³ (25 in³). We will have to extend the weighted accumulator an additional 6 cm (2.4 in). But now we have learned to ask the question, “Is there enough energy to extend the cylinders?” When we combine pressure and volume to determine energy, we find that we have 15,708 Nm (145,768 lbf.in) UE available. Only 14,294 Nm (127,585 lbf.in.) UE are needed. We have an excess of 1,414 Nm (18,183 lbf.in.) UE. (UE) Needed Nm/lbf.in. 14,294

15,708

1,414

127,585

145,768

18,183

∆p 1 MPa (145 psi)

13 cm (5 in)

10 cm (4 in)

70,686 N (16,404 lbf) Cyl 1 13 cm (5 in)

10 MPa (1,450 psi) ∆p 5 MPa (725 psi)

10 cm (4 in) 5 MPa (725 psi)

1,570.8 cm³ (100.53 in³)

Difference

Metric

9 MPa (1,305 psi) 78,540 N (18,221 lbf)

Available UE Nm/lbf.in.

39,270 N (9,113 lbf) Cyl 2

20 cm (8 in)

10 MPa (1,450 psi)

10 cm (4 in)

In the example, we are going to use the stored UE in the weighted cylinder to synchronize and control the extension speed of two cylinders, each with a different load. Cylinder 1 Bore cm/in

Stroke cm/in

Metric

Load N/lbf

Pressure MPa/psi

Volume cm³/in³

Energy Needed

Energy Used

70,686

16,404

1,305

1,021.0

9,189

10,210

82,020

91,105

Pressure MPa/psi

Volume cm³/in³

Energy Needed

Energy Used

Cylinder 2 Bore cm/in

Stroke cm/in

Load N/lbf

Metric

39,270

1,021.0

5,105

10,210

9,113

725

45,565

91,105

Required Volume cm³/in³

Available Volume cm³/in³

Difference

Metric

2,042

1,570.8

-471

126

101

-25

December 2023

We clearly see that we have plenty of energy, but how do we access it? Blaise Pascal never told us to think about energy units and so we have not developed a mechanism for extracting the extra energy in the system, until now. On the horizon is the new Variable Displacement Power Controller (VDPC) that will enable us to produce energy at one power density (pressure times volume) and then reconfigure the energy to the power density needed for the work. For Cylinder 1, the VDPC would take 918.9 cm³ @ 10 MPa (57 in³ @1450 psi) from the weighted accumulator and reconfigure it to 1,021 cm³ @ 9 MPa (63 in³ @ 1305 psi). For Cylinder 2, the VDPC would take 510.5 @ 10 MPa (31 in³ @ 1450 psi) from the weighted accumulator and reconfigure it to 1,021 cm³ @ 5 MPa (63 in³ @ 725 psi). The total volume taken from the Weighted accumulator would be 918.9 cm³ + 510.5 cm³ = 1,429 cm³ (57 in³ + 31 in³ = 88 in³). The accumulator held 1,570.8 cm³ (101 in³). 1,570.8 cm³ - 1,429.4 cm³ = 141.4 cm³ (101 in³ - 88 in³ = 13 in³). WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

By using pressure and volume instead of just volume, and having the right tool, we can more efficiently use the available energy and maintain a smaller stored volume. In addition, the VDPC replaces the pressure compensated flow controls by reconfiguring the power leaving the accumulator to the power required by the cylinder. Some terms and concepts that may be unfamiliar but that must become part of our fluid power vocabulary: UE = Unit of energy; the pressure times the unit volumes as measurements of the ability to do work. In the metric system it is the MPa × cm³ or Nm. In US Customary it is the psi × in³ or lbf.in. UP = Unit of power; the pressure times the flow rate. In the metric system, MPa × lpm, which can be translated to kW by dividing by 60. In US Customary, psi × gpm, which can be translated to hp by dividing by 1714. Power density; the relative amount of pressure in the flowing fluid. Higher pressure means higher power density. Energy density; the relative amount of pressure in the fluid whether flowing or static. Higher pressure means higher energy density. Flow control is power control. To produce flow there must be a pressure differential (Δp). Pressure × flow requires power. Therefore, flow control is power control. A flow control valve limits the power going to an actuator. If you are interested in more information about this article or about the VDPC, please contact me at Dan@Perisseuma.com. • WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

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December 2023

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N F PA U P D AT E

Fluid Power Industry Growth Trend

The latest data published by the National Fluid Power Association shows the 12 month moving average of shipments for total fluid power, hydraulic, and pneumatic grow slightly. The year-to-date % change (2032 vs. 2022) for total fluid power shipments in August 2023 is 6.3%. Mobile hydraulic orders received from September 2022 to August 2023 are currently 93.2% of the orders received from August 2021 to July 2022. When looking at raw index data, pneumatic, mobile hydraulic, and industrial hydraulic shipments all increased when compared to last month. These charts are drawn from data collected from more than 70 manufacturers of fluid power products by NFPA’s Confidential Shipment Statistics (CSS) program.

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments Raw Index Data, Index: 2018=100

SHIPMENTS MONTH

TOTAL FLUID POWER

TOTAL HYD.

TOTAL PNEU.

May 2023

8.7

12.1

7.7

June 2023

7.1

10.3

7.2

July 2023*

6.3

9.7

6.5

*Preliminary data subject to revision.

Shipments – Cumulative year‐to‐ date % change (2023 vs. 2022)

This graph of raw index data is generated by the total dollar volume reported to NFPA by CSS participants and compared to the average monthly dollar volume in 2018. For example, the August 2023 total dollar volume for pneumatic shipments is 122.1% of the average monthly dollar volume in 2018. (Base Year 2018 = 100)

The table above is expressed in terms of cumulative percent changes. These changes refer to the percent difference between the relevant cumulative total for 2023 and the total for the same months in 2022. For example, July 2023 pneumatic shipments figure of 7.2 means that for the calendar year through July 2023, pneumatic shipments increased 7.2% compared to the same time-period in 2022.

Pneumatic, Mobile, and Industrial Hydraulic Orders 12/12 Ratio

Each point on this graph represents the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each point can be read as a percentage. For example, 108.5 (the August 2023 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates that industrial hydraulic orders received from September 2022 to August 2023 were 108.5% of the orders received from September 2021 to August 2022.

Total - Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments 12 Month Moving Average

Each point in this graph represents the average index for the 12 most recent months of shipments. Moving averages help clearly identify trends.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

December 2023

I F P S U P D AT E

2023 Annual Meeting Summary Milwaukee, WI

THE INTERNATIONAL FLUID Power Society (IFPS) held its highly anticipated 2024 Annual Meeting, bringing together industry leaders and experts to discuss and approve key motions to shape the future of fluid power. Education Committee: IFPS aims to bridge the gap between industry professionals (IFPS Board Members, committee members, and AI's) and educational institutions. Following the imminent release of the upgraded website, the Education Committee is set to revitalize the member-only forum to ensure a vibrant and interactive community. This includes active moderation, potentially by technical staff or dedicated volunteer committee members, making the forum easily discoverable through web searches, and implementing robust topic search functionalities. Using a strategic approach to enhance educational content, the Education Committee is set to work with the marketing committee to leverage analytics from LinkedIn, YouTube, and the website to identify correlations. This data-driven strategy will play a pivotal role in determining future projects. Membership Committee: The committee is set to work with the Education Committee to breathe new life into the forum in alignment with specifications determined during the Education Committee meeting. This effort aims to create a dynamic online fluid power community with a targeted goal of achievement before the spring meeting. With the impending release of the upgraded website, the committee plans to introduce auto-renewing memberships. The committee is actively exploring opportunities for member engagement at trade shows. Investigating events at trade shows provides a platform for members to connect, share insights, and stay updated on industry trends. The committee is considering possibly introducing a subscription model alongside traditional memberships. Recognizing the growing popularity of podcasts, the Membership Committee is exploring the launch of a podcast. This medium will serve as an additional avenue for disseminating industry insights and updates and engaging content to members. The committee will schedule a debrief call to reflect on and discuss the Hall of Fame proceedings. Certification Committee: The certification committee is actively refining existing certifications, primarily focusing on revamping the Electronic Controls Certification, creating a thoroughly revamped Hydraulic Technician Certification, and crafting an associate certification tailored for non-technical fluid power professionals. The committee reported that the Connector & Conductor upgraded certification program was released in early 2023. Marketing and PR Committee: The committee is committed to refining the 2024 marketing plan, with special emphasis on bolstering digital marketing initiatives. This proactive approach ensures that IFPS stays at the forefront of industry visibility and engagement. Recognizing the importance of privacy and transparency, the committee will be introducing a consent box to meeting registrations. This addition ensures that participants can explicitly express their preferences and permissions regarding marketing communications. In a move to enhance user understanding, the committee is working to simplify and provide concise definitions for website analytics terminology. This initiative aims to demystify the analytical landscape, making it more accessible and comprehensible for users. To provide users with an engaging and informative experience, the committee will develop a series of website "Tour" videos. These videos will serve as a comprehensive guide, showcasing the upgraded website's features and functionalities. Using a strategic approach to enhance user engagement, the Education Committee is set to leverage analytics from LinkedIn, YouTube, and the website to identify correlations.

December 2023

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

International Fluid Power Society Announces 2024 President »

THE INTERNATIONAL FLUID Power Society (IFPS) is pleased to announce Jeffrey (Jeff ) Hodges, CFPAI, CFPAJPP, CFPMHM, was elected 2024 president and chair during the IFPS annual meeting in Milwaukee, WI. Mr. Hodges is the 64th president of the IFPS and will take office along with the 2024 Board of Directors in January 2024. Jeff began his career at a small commuter airline as an Airframe and Power Plant (A&P) mechanic; after a few years at the airline, he decided to venture into managing a small engine repair shop. In 1995, Jeff made a significant career move by joining Altec. During his initial five years with the company, he served as a Mobile Service Technician before transitioning to Shop Service, where he contributed his skills and expertise for an additional seven years. During his early years at Altec, Jeff was inspired and guided by his mentor, Willie Franke, to attain the IFPS Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic Certification. Once he successfully acquired this certification, Jeff became enthusiastic about assisting his colleagues at Altec in their certification journey. This enthusiasm led him to transition into the training department, where he further honed his skills and attained the status of an IFPS Accredited Instructor and Job Performance Exam Proctor. Jeff has continued to excel in Altec's training department for the past 16 years, and he attributes much of his accomplishments to the invaluable mentorship he received from Willie Franke. Jeff is happily married to his wife Sherry; they have two daughters (Rebecca and Ashley). A 17-year-old granddaughter (Gracie) and a 1-year-old grandson (Liam), and they share their home with their five dogs, four cats, an African Grey Parrott, a Chinchilla, a couple of fish, and a horse that lives in Springfield, MO. Jeff expressed his gratitude, saying, "I feel honored and humbled that my colleagues have chosen me to serve as the President of the International Fluid Power Society in 2024. I'm very excited to see what successes IFPS will have in the upcoming year."

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

The following officers were confirmed at the meeting: • First Vice President - Garrett Hoisington, CFPAI/AJPP (O) Altec Industries, Inc. • Immediate Past President – Scott Sardina, PE, CFPS, CFPAI, CFPECS (M) Waterclock Engineering • Treasurer - Elisabeth DeBenedetto, CFPS (D) GS Global Resources • Vice President Certification – James O’Halek, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMIP, CMPMM - The Boeing Company • Vice President Marketing and Public Relations - Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS (D) OneHydraulics, Inc. • Vice President Education - Daniel Fernandes, CFPS (M) Hawe Hydraulics • Vice President Membership – Brian Wheeler, CFPAI/AJPP (U) The Boeing Company IFPS welcomes the following new Directors-At-Large:

• • • •

Jeff Curlee, CFPS (D) Cross Mobile Hydraulics & Controls Deepak Kadamanahalli, CFPS (U) CNH Industrial Steven Downey, CFPAI, CFPS (M) Hydraulex John Juhasz, CFPS (D) Kraft Fluid Systems

The following Directors-at-Large were re-confirmed during the annual meeting:

• • • • • • • •

Wade Lowe, CFPS (D) Hydraquip Distribution, Inc. Cary Boozer, CFPE (D) Motion Industries, Inc. Ethan Stuart, CFPHS (U) Quadrogen Jon Rhodes, CFPAI/AJPP (E) CFC Industrial Training Bruce Bowe, CFPAI/AJPP (O) Altec Industries, Inc. Brian Kenoyer, CFPS (U) Cemen Tech Stephen Blazer, CFPE (O) Altec Industries, Inc. Bradlee Dittmer, CFPPS (M) Norgren

Two Ex-Officio officers were also re-confirmed during the annual meeting:

CEO Donna Pollander, ACA Honorary Director-at-Large - Ernie Parker, Hydra Tech, Inc. CFPAI/AJPP A special thanks to outgoing president Scott Sardina, PE, CFPS, CFPAI, CFPECS Waterclock Engineering, and outgoing past President Denis Poirier, Jr., CFPAI/AJPP – Open Loop Energy, as well as Mohaned Shahin, CFPS- Parker Hannifin Corp., and Randy Smith, CFPHS, Northrop Grumman Corp. as they complete their tenures on the IFPS Board. Their many years of service, commitment, and expertise helped steer the Society in its mission. • •

M – Fluid Power Manufacturer D – Fluid Power Distributor U – User O – OEM C – Consultant E – Educator

December 2023

I F P S U P D AT E

The IFPS is looking for Web Presenters to Conduct a 45-minute (+15 minute Q&A) Online Presentation(s) Why should you consider conducting a presentation?

• • • • •

You’ll receive recertification points. You’ll receive a free thank you golf shirt. It's great promotion for you and for your company. We'll email you a template to use. We’ll rehearse before going live. Simply email Victoria Piro at vpiro@ifps.org with your topic and a short description and she will contact you to set up the presentation. It’s that easy!

Don’t compromise!

The IFPS releases brand new resources to support preparation for the recently upgraded Connector & Conductor Certification!

WE ARE EXCITED to announce a range of brand-new resources designed to support your preparation for the upgraded Connector & Conductor Certification. These resources have been specifically tailored to ensure your success in the certification process. At your own pace | Online Training Modules Whether you are studying for the Connector & Conductor (C&C) Certification test or simply want to enhance your existing skills in a convenient and flexible environment, the interactive C&C Study Manual is here to help! We’ve taken our C&C Certification Study Manual from traditional black/white print into a full-color, animated, interactive online learning platform. Schematics are colorcoded and animated.

•

Voice-over text for auditory learners

•

Full-color graphics

•

Additional online pre-test

•

Chapter review questions - interactive (you’ll immediately know if you’ve grasped the chapter information)

•

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•

Contains additional explanations not covered in the printed manual

•

The cost is $349. Multiple-user pricing for 5 or more! E-mail sales@ifps.org for details. Visit https://ifps.learnupon.com or call 856-424-8998

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I F P S U P D AT E

Newly Certified Professionals

September 2023

Connector and Conductor (CC) Binh Nguyen, The Boeing Company Charley Shin, The Boeing Company Dylan Langel, The Boeing Company Javier Lugo Ponce, The Boeing Company Neal Pulley, The Boeing Company William Fogg, The Boeing Company Hydraulic Specialist (HS) Samantha Auseklis, Gulf Controls Jonathan Nosko, Iowa Mold Tooling Co., Inc. Travis Ferrie Caleb Vickers Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic (MHM) Michael Hay, Altec Industires, Inc. Omar Rodriguez, Altec Industires, Inc. Bernardo Cortez, Altec Industries, Inc. Timothy Dunn, PG&E Pneumatic Specialist (PS) Carson Depew, BayoTech Michael Biermann Specialist (S) Carson Depew, BayoTech

Mark Your Calendar

For more information, visit www.ifps.org/web-seminars. Upcoming Web Seminars: Digital Displacement Pump Technology When: Feb. 22, 2023 | 12:00 pm [ET] ITW Accredited Instructor Workshop When: Mar. 19-20, 2024 Where: Cherry Hill, New Jersey IFPS Headquarters Interested in custom fluid power training for you or your employees? Contact Donna Pollander (dpollander@ifps.org). WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

Whether you are preparing for a Certification test or want to boost your skills, our 1-year access Training Modules have you covered. Purchasing 5 or more courses? Contact sales@ifps.org for bulk pricing! December 2023

I F P S U P D AT E

Written Certification Test Locations Individuals wishing to take any IFPS written certification tests can select from convenient locations across the United States and Canada. IFPS is able to offer these locations through its affiliation with the Consortium of College Testing Centers provided by National College Testing Association. Contact Kyle Pollander at Kpollander@ifps.org if you do not see a location near you. Every effort will be made to accommodate your needs.

TENTATIVE TESTING DATES FOR ALL LOCATIONS: December 2023 Tuesday 12/5 • Thursday 12/14 January 2024 Tuesday 1/9 • Thursday 1/25 February 2024 Tuesday 2/5 • Thursday 2/22 March 2024 Tuesday 3/5 • Thursday 3/26

JOB PERFORMANCE TEST LOCATIONS Arizona California Colorado Florida Georgia Maine Michigan Minnesota Montana New Jersey

December 2023

Nova Scotia Pennsylvania Texas Washington Wyoming Western Australia

ALABAMA Auburn, AL Birmingham, AL Calera, AL Decatur, AL Huntsville, AL Jacksonville, AL Mobile, AL Montgomery, AL Normal, AL Tuscaloosa, AL ALASKA Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK ARIZONA Flagstaff, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Prescott, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Tempe, AZ Thatcher, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ ARKANSAS Bentonville, AR Hot Springs, AR Little Rock, AR CALIFORNIA Aptos, CA Arcata, CA Bakersfield, CA Dixon, CA Encinitas, CA Fresno, CA Irvine, CA Marysville, CA Riverside, CA Salinas, CA San Diego, CA San Jose, CA San Luis Obispo, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Maria, CA Santa Rosa, CA Tustin, CA Yucaipa, CA COLORADO Aurora, CO Boulder, CO Springs, CO Denver, CO Durango, CO Ft. Collins, CO Greeley, CO Lakewood, CO Littleton, CO Pueblo, CO DELAWARE Dover, DE Georgetown, DE Newark, DE FLORIDA Avon Park, FL Boca Raton, FL Cocoa, FL Davie, FL Daytona Beach, FL Fort Pierce, FL Ft. Myers, FL Gainesville, FL Jacksonville, FL Miami Gardens, FL Milton, FL New Port Richey, FL Ocala, FL Orlando, FL Panama City, FL Pembroke Pines, FL Pensacola, FL Plant City, FL Riviera Beach, FL Sanford, FL

Tallahassee, FL Tampa, FL West Palm Beach, FL Wildwood, FL Winter Haven, FL GEORGIA Albany, GA Athens, GA Atlanta, GA Carrollton, GA Columbus, GA Dahlonega, GA Dublin, GA Dunwoody, GA Forest Park, GA Lawrenceville, GA Morrow, GA Oakwood, GA Savannah, GA Statesboro, GA Tifton, GA Valdosta, GA HAWAII Laie, HI IDAHO Boise, ID Coeur d ‘Alene, ID Idaho Falls, ID Lewiston, ID Moscow, ID Nampa, ID Rexburg, ID Twin Falls, ID ILLINOIS Carbondale, IL Carterville, IL Champaign, IL Decatur, IL Edwardsville, IL Glen Ellyn, IL Joliet, IL Malta, IL Normal, IL Peoria, IL Schaumburg, IL Springfield, IL University Park, IL INDIANA Bloomington, IN Columbus, IN Evansville, IN Fort Wayne, IN Gary, IN Indianapolis, IN Kokomo, IN Lafayette, IN Lawrenceburg, IN Madison, IN Muncie, IN New Albany, IN Richmond, IN Sellersburg, IN South Bend, IN Terre Haute, IN IOWA Ames, IA Cedar Rapids, IA Iowa City, IA Ottumwa, IA Sioux City, IA Waterloo, IA KANSAS Kansas City, KS Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS Wichita, KS KENTUCKY Ashland, KY Bowling Green, KY Erlanger, KY Highland Heights, KY Louisville, KY Morehead, KY LOUISIANA

Bossier City, LA Lafayette, LA Monroe, LA Natchitoches, LA New Orleans, LA Shreveport, LA Thibodaux, LA MARYLAND Arnold, MD Bel Air, MD College Park, MD Frederick, MD Hagerstown, MD La Plata, MD Westminster, MD Woodlawn, MD Wye Mills, MD MASSACHUSETTS Boston, MA Bridgewater, MA Danvers, MA Haverhill, MA Holyoke, MA Shrewsbury, MA MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI Big Rapids, MI Chesterfield, MI Dearborn, MI Dowagiac, MI East Lansing, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Livonia, MI Mount Pleasant, MI Sault Ste. Marie, M Troy, MI University Center, MI Warren, MI MINNESOTA Alexandria, MN Brooklyn Park, MN Duluth, MN Eden Prairie, MN Granite Falls, MN Mankato, MN MISSISSIPPI Goodman, MS Jackson, MS Mississippi State, MS Raymond, MS University, MS MISSOURI Berkley, MO Cape Girardeau, MO Columbia, MO Cottleville, MO Joplin, MO Kansas City, MO Kirksville, MO Park Hills, MO Poplar Bluff, MO Rolla, MO Sedalia, MO Springfield, MO St. Joseph, MO St. Louis, MO Warrensburg, MO MONTANA Bozeman, MT Missoula, MT NEBRASKA Lincoln, NE North Platte, NE Omaha, NE NEVADA Henderson, NV Las Vegas, NV North Las Vegas, NV Winnemucca, NV NEW JERSEY

Branchburg, NJ Cherry Hill, NJ Lincroft, NJ Sewell, NJ Toms River, NJ West Windsor, NJ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NM Clovis, NM Farmington, NM Portales, NM Santa Fe, NM NEW YORK Alfred, NY Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Garden City, NY New York, NY Rochester, NY Syracuse, NY NORTH CAROLINA Apex, NC Asheville, NC Boone, NC Charlotte, NC China Grove, NC Durham, NC Fayetteville, NC Greenville, NC Jamestown, NC Misenheimer, NC Mount Airy, NC Pembroke, NC Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck, ND OHIO Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH Cleveland, OH Columbus, OH Fairfield, OH Findlay, OH Kirtland, OH Lima, OH Maumee, OH Newark, OH North Royalton, OH Rio Grande, OH Toledo, OH Warren, OH Youngstown, OH OKLAHOMA Altus, OK Bethany, OK Edmond, OK Norman, OK Oklahoma City, OK Tonkawa, OK Tulsa, OK OREGON Bend, OR Coos Bay, OR Eugene, OR Gresham, OR Klamath Falls, OR Medford, OR Oregon City, OR Portland, OR White City, OR PENNSYLVANIA Bloomsburg, PA Blue Bell, PA Gettysburg, PA Harrisburg, PA Lancaster, PA Newtown, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA Wilkes-Barre, PA York, PA SOUTH CAROLINA Beaufort, SC

Charleston, SC Columbia, SC Conway, SC Graniteville, SC Greenville, SC Greenwood, SC Orangeburg, SC Rock Hill, SC Spartanburg, SC

CANADA ALBERTA Calgary, AB Edmonton, AB Fort McMurray, AB Lethbridge, AB Lloydminster, AB Olds, AB Red Deer, AB

TENNESSEE Blountville, TN Clarksville, TN Collegedale, TN Gallatin, TN Johnson City, TN Knoxville, TN Memphis, TN Morristown, TN Murfreesboro, TN Nashville, TN

BRITISH COLUMBIA Abbotsford, BC Burnaby, BC Castlegar, BC Delta, BC Kamloops, BC Nanaimo, BC Prince George, BC Richmond, BC Surrey, BC Vancouver, BC Victoria, BC

TEXAS Abilene, TX Arlington, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Commerce, TX Corpus Christi, TX Dallas, TX Denison, TX El Paso, TX Houston, TX Huntsville, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Lufkin, TX Mesquite, TX San Antonio, TX Victoria, TX Waxahachie, TX Weatherford, TX Wichita Falls, TX UTAH Cedar City, UT Kaysville, UT Logan, UT Ogden, UT Orem, UT Salt Lake City, UT VIRGINIA Daleville, VA Fredericksburg, VA Lynchburg, VA Manassas, VA Norfolk, VA Roanoke, VA Salem, VA Staunton, VA Suffolk, VA Virginia Beach, VA Wytheville, VA WASHINGTON Auburn, WA Bellingham, WA Bremerton, WA Ellensburg, WA Ephrata, WA Olympia, WA Pasco, WA Rockingham, WA Seattle, WA Shoreline, WA Spokane, WA WEST VIRGINIA Ona, WV WISCONSIN La Crosse, WI Milwaukee, WI Mukwonago, WI

MANITOBA Brandon, MB Winnipeg, MB NEW BRUNSWICK Bathurst, NB Moncton, NB NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR St. John’s, NL NOVA SCOTIA Halifax, NS ONTARIO Brockville, ON Hamilton, ON London, ON Milton, ON Mississauga, ON Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON North Bay, ON North York, ON Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON Welland, ON Windsor, ON QUEBEC Côte Saint-Luc, QB Montreal, QB SASKATCHEWAN Melfort, SK Moose Jaw, SK Nipawin, SK Prince Albert, SK Saskatoon, SK YUKON TERRITORY Whitehorse, YU UNITED KINGDOM Elgin, UK GHAZNI Kingdom of Bahrain, GHA Thomasville, GHA EGYPT Cairo, EG JORDAN Amman, JOR NEW ZEALAND Taradale, NZ

WYOMING Casper, WY Laramie, WY Torrington, WY

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I F P S U P D AT E

AVAILABLE IFPS CERTIFICATIONS

Tentative Certification Review Training CFPAI Certified Fluid Power Accredited Instructor CFPAJPP Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor CFPAJPPCC Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor Connector & Conductor CFPE Certified Fluid Power Engineer CFPS Certified Fluid Power Specialist (Must Obtain CFPHS & CFPPS) CFPHS Certified Fluid Power Hydraulic Specialist CFPPS Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Specialist CFPECS Certified Fluid Power Electronic Controls Specialist CFPMT Certified Fluid Power Master Technician (Must Obtain CFPIHT, CFPMHT, & CFPPT) CFPIHT Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Technician CFPMHT Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Technician CFPPT Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Technician CFPMM Certified Fluid Power Master Mechanic (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPMHM, & CFPPM)

IFPS offers onsite review training for small groups. An IFPS accredited instructor visits your company to conduct the review. Contact kpollander@ifps.org for details of the scheduled onsite reviews listed below. HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST 2024 certification review training dates will be announced soon. For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org) ELECTRONIC CONTROLS SPECIALIST For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). For dates, call CFC Industrial Training at (513)874-3225 or visit www.cfcindustrialtraining.com. PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST 2024 certification review training dates will be announced soon. For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org) CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR 2024 certification review training dates will be announced soon. For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC 2024 certification review training dates will be announced soon. For custom training IFPS inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org) Online Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic certification review for written test is offered through CFC Industrial Training. This course surveys the MHM Study Manual (6.5 hours) and every outcome to prepare you for the written test. Members may e-mail for a 20% coupon code off the list price. Test fees are not included. INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). For dates, call CFC Industrial Training at (513)874-3225 or visit www.cfcindustrialtraining.com. INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). For dates, call CFC Industrial Training at (513) 874-3225 or visit www.cfcindustrialtraining.com. MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN 2024 certification review training dates will be announced soon. For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). PNEUMATIC TECHNICIAN and PNEUMATIC MECHANIC For custom IFPS training inquiries, please contact Bj Wagner (bwagner@ifps.org). For dates, call CFC Industrial Training at (513)874-3225 or visit www.cfcindustrialtraining.com.

CFPIHM Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Mechanic CFPMHM Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic CFPPM Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Mechanic CFPMIH Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPIHT, & CFPCC) CFPMMH Certified Fluid Power Master of Mobile Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPMHM, CFPMHT, & CFPCC) CFPMIP Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Pneumatics (Must Obtain CFPPM, CFPPT, & CFPCC) CFPCC Certified Fluid Power Connector & Conductor CFPSD Fluid Power System Designer

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

December 2023

A L L A B O U T VA C U U M

Automation in Manufacturing

Vacuum Pick & Place Technology By Daniel Pascoe, President, Davasol Inc.

IN TODAY'S FAST-PACED manufacturing landscape, the pursuit of efficiency, precision, and automation is unrelenting. A transformative force in this relentless pursuit is vacuum pick and place technology. This technology has not only revolutionized how industries handle materials and components but has also elevated productivity, enhanced precision, and drastically reduced manual labour, handling inaccuracies particularly regarding preventing damage to the product being handled. In this article, we will delve into the multifaceted world of vacuum pick and place technology. We'll explore the intricate array of vacuum cups, their diverse applications across industries, the myriad benefits they bring to manufacturing, and the promising future they usher in. To appreciate the significance of vacuum pick and place technology today, it's essential to understand its evolutionary journey. The roots of this technology can be traced back to the mid-20th century, where it emerged as a solution to the increasing demands for automation in manufacturing. Early vacuum pick and place systems were rudimentary, employing basic suction cups to manipulate relatively simple objects. However, over the decades, advancements in materials science, robotics, and sensor technology have propelled this technology to new heights. Today, vacuum pick and place systems employ an impressive variety of specialized vacuum cups and vacuum generation devices, each designed for specific applications and processes.

December 2023

Types of Vacuum Cups Vacuum cups form the heart of vacuum pick and place systems, and their diversity is a testament to the technology's adaptability. Let's explore the primary types of vacuum cups used in these systems in greater detail: Flat Suction Cups: The traditional workhorses of vacuum pick and place technology, are typically made from materials such as silicone or nitrile rubber (NBR). They excel at handling smooth, non-porous objects like glass, ceramic, and select plastics. The versatility of flat suction cups is underscored by their ability to come in various shapes and sizes, tailored to accommodate objects of varying dimensions, however they are limited to rigid flat or only slightly concave or convex surfaces. Bellows Cups: Bellows cups are engineered with a bellows-like structure that grants them the unique ability to conform to irregularly shaped or porous objects. This adaptability is invaluable when dealing with objects of varying heights, curved surfaces, or those with intricate contours. Bellows cups find frequent use in industries like packaging, logistics, and automotive manufacturing. More often than not they are also the go to choice due to their ability to compensate for varying changes in the product face datum. Foam Vacuum Pads: Foam pads are a specialized type of vacuum cup being used where traditional rubber vacuum cups are not able to grip the loads being handled. Typically made from a closed cell neoprene or natural rubber, these cups conform to the shape of the object creating a vacuum seal. Often found in applications involving rough sawn wood, pallet handling, stone and bring palletising. Metal Detectable Cups: These vacuum caps are made from a metal detectable silicon material. Comprising of a fine iron dust within the compound they can be detected by metal detectors in the production process. This prevents product safety recalls where vacuum cups may become unattached from their machine fittings and fall into the product packaging. The news article you read from time to time referring to rubber or plastic “contaminants” are often suction cups that came loose in the packaging line.

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A L L A B O U T VA C U U M

Applications of Vacuum Pick and Place Technology The applicability of vacuum pick and place technology spans a spectrum of industries, each harnessing its unique capabilities to optimize processes and outcomes. Here are some key applications: Electronics Manufacturing: In the electronics industry, the precision of vacuum pick and place systems is paramount. Suction cups excel at handling delicate components like microchips and semiconductor wafers. Conductive silicone is designed to dissipate static electricity efficiently. In electronic manufacturing environments, static electricity poses a significant risk to sensitive electronic components. When static discharge occurs, it can damage or destroy microchips, transistors, and other delicate parts. Conductive silicone suction cups help prevent the buildup of static charges by providing a low-resistance path for the electrical charge to dissipate harmlessly. This safeguard protects electronic components from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage during the pick and place process. Pharmaceuticals: Vacuum pick and place systems equipped with suction cups are indispensable in pharmaceutical manufacturing. They adeptly handle vials, syringes, and medication blister packs. Using FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) compliant silicone suction cups in the pharmaceutical industry is not only a matter of regulatory compliance but also a crucial step in ensuring product safety, quality, and overall process efficiency. Food Processing: In the food industry, vacuum pick and place technology enhances both efficiency and hygiene. Suction cups find use in packaging applications, where they assist in the precise placement of food products into containers. Multiple bellows cups are employed for direct food contact as well as plastic wrapped finished product. Just like the pharmaceutical industry, FDA compliant silicone is required for direct food contact applications and certainly recommended. Automotive: The automotive manufacturing sector benefits immensely from vacuum pick and place technology. This technology's versatility is evident as it seamlessly handles various components, from facia panel handling on manual lifters to large car panels in steel stamping where vacuum cups dominate the stamping process.

COBOT End of Arm Tooling : Collaborative robots, or "COBOT," have revolutionized industrial automation by working alongside factory personnel to streamline processes, improve productivity, and enhance safety. A key component enabling COBOT to excel in pick and place applications is the use of vacuum suction cups in end-of-arm tooling. These versatile devices have become a popular choice, driving efficiency and precision in a wide range of industries.

Collaborative robots have ushered in a new era of automation. These robots are designed to operate alongside human workers, facilitating seamless human-robot collaboration in various tasks. In pick and place applications, COBOT excel at handling repetitive, mundane, or physically demanding tasks, freeing up factory staff for more complex and value-added activities. At the heart of a collaborative robot's end-of-arm tooling in pick and place applications often lies a set of vacuum suction cups. These cups are strategically chosen based on the specific application and the type of objects being handled. Here's how vacuum suction cups enhance COBOT pick and place operations: Gentle Handling: Vacuum suction cups offer a delicate touch, making them ideal for picking up and placing fragile objects, such as electronics components, glassware, or food items. The ability to handle delicate items without causing damage is a crucial advantage. Adaptability: Vacuum suction cups come in various shapes, sizes, and materials, allowing them to adapt to a wide range of objects, including flat, curved, or irregularly shaped items. This versatility ensures that a COBOT can efficiently handle diverse product lines. Easy Maintenance: Vacuum suction cups are generally easy to maintain, with minimal wear and tear when used properly. Replacement is straightforward, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

The Future of Vacuum Pick and Place Technology As we gaze into the future, the potential of vacuum pick and place technology seems boundless. Advancements in materials science, robotics, and artificial intelligence promise to further enhance the capabilities of these systems. Here are some key trends and developments to watch for: Integration with AI: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into vacuum pick and place systems promises to usher in a new era of adaptive and self-optimizing automation. These systems will learn and adapt to different materials, objects, and tasks, continuously improving efficiency and accuracy. Industry 4.0 Integration: Vacuum pick and place technology is set to play a pivotal role in the Industry 4.0 revolution. As manufacturing becomes increasingly interconnected and data-driven, these systems will seamlessly communicate with other machines and systems, creating a highly efficient and responsive production environment. Material Innovation: Materials science will continue to evolve, leading to the development of vacuum cups that can handle an even broader range of materials, including those previously considered challenging, such as flexible and porous materials. There are many existing standard materials but developing materials that can handle millions of cycles rather than thousands will be the biggest development. If not this, than a simplified and fast changeover with a material that is easily recycled would be key. In conclusion, vacuum pick and place technology, with its diverse array of vacuum cups, has evolved into an indispensable cornerstone of modern manufacturing. Its adaptability and precision have made it an invaluable asset across industries, from electronics and pharmaceuticals to food processing and automotive manufacturing. As we look toward the future, the integration of AI, Industry 4.0 principles, and ongoing material innovations promise to elevate this technology to even greater heights. It's a journey that will continue to redefine manufacturing, creating more efficient, precise, and sustainable production processes for generations to come.

This article is the opinion of the author, Daniel Pascoe, president of Davasol Inc., an industrial brand management firm. One of Davasol’s clients, Vacuforce LLC, based in Indianapolis, partnered with the author on this article. Contact Daniel Pascoe at dpascoe@davasol.com. WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

December 2023

LITERATURE

REVIEW

SPECIAL AD SECTION

The most reliable solutions for Agriculture and Forest machinery

Sololututiiononss for

AGRICULTURE & FOREST MACHINERY

With more than 40 years of experience alongside major players on the market, Bonfiglioli is able to create, design and produce tailored-made drives for a wide range of applications in the agricultural sector, such as sprayers, harvesters, feed mixers and forestry machines.

Valves and Pumps for Extreme Environments

Experienced application engineers and knowledgeable fluid-power distributor representatives are available to help you select the best product for your application.

Through innovation, reliability, efficiency, cost-optimization and flexibility, Bonfiglioli experts help you to meet your customers’needs and requirements.

Undersea to Outer Space Doering Valves, Pumps and Accessories Exceed the Most Critical Performance Requirements

6343 River Road SE Clear Lake, MN 55319 USA +1 320.743.2276 info@doering.com www.doering.com

Made in USA

Since 1969

Stock and Custom Manufactured Products Industry-Leading Delivery Times

December 2023

Pumps

Housing

Assemblies

Compressed Air Filtration

Genuine Metaris MHDV Directional Valves

Manufacturers and distributors trust OFCO’s flexibility, product quality and unparalleled delivery times. Our central-Ohio manufacturing facility and veteran workforce deliver solutions that consistently meet critical specifications and exceed customer delivery expectations. OFCO has been the manufacturer of choice for strainers, breathers, screens and filtration solutions since 1945. We offer a wide variety of ready-to-ship products or work with your engineering team to create custom filtration solutions for your specific need. Contact info: 888-354-0291 info@ohfab.com www.ohfab.com

Valves

320.743.2276 customerservice@doering.com www.doering.com

La-Man Corporation 800.348.2463 www.laman.com

Filtration Solutions for Industry

When you need a hydraulic valve, hydraulic hand pump or a hydraulic manifold have confidence in Doering to deliver high-quality products that meet demanding performance requirements. For over 50 years, our customers have trusted Doering in critical applications which include products on the International Space Station to sub-sea and everywhere in between. contact us now to discuss your hydraulic project.

Bonfiglioli 3541 Hargrave Drive Hebron, KY 41048 859-334-3333 www.bonfiglioli.com

Brochure offers a comprehensive overview of the company’s complete line of compressed air filtration products. Highlighted is the patented family of Extractor/Dryers. These two-stage, point of use filters remove contaminates to a 5-micron rating with flow ranges of 15 to 2,000 scfm. Additional products available include the SuperStar Membrane Dryer, .01 Micron Filter, Refrigerated Extractor/Dryer, and much more.

STRAINERS, BREATHERS, SCREEN ASSEMBLIES AND FILTRATION SOLUTIONS

Valves, Pumps, and Manifolds

Our Genuine Metaris MHDV20 & MHDV35 series directional control valves are engineered specifically for the Truck Equipment market providing an interchange solution to common valves already on the market. They’re functional interchange replacements for: Parker®/ Commercial® DVA/DVG20, DVA/DVG35, VA/VG20, VA/VG35, A20, V40, V42 and 25P Series, and Muncie® 60V Series. Hydraulex Toll Free: 800.422.4279 Tel: 586.949.4240 Email: sales@hydraulex.com www.hydraulex.com

Hydraulic Live Swivels Catalog Inline and 90° hydraulic live swivels. Available in sizes from 1/8” to 2-1/2”, rated to 10,000 PSI, heat treated, superior quality alloy steel, chrome or stainless steel ball bearings, withstands heavy side loads, burnished (micro smooth) barrel bores, Viton®, Aflas®, or Teflon® encapsulated seals, zinc or nickel plated, available in 304 and 440 stainless steel, full flow - low pressure drop, rebuilding kits available. Super Swivels Phone: 763.784.5531 Fax: 763.784.7423 Website: www.superswivels.com

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SPECIAL AD SECTION

CLASSIFIED BULLETIN

HIGH FLOW

COUNTERBALANCE

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• 32mm to 50mm • Prevent unintended or uncontrolled movement of static or dynamic loads • Offers greater stability • Control the load speed in case of hydraulic hose failure • Suitable for safe and stable load handling • Available with or without Inline Cavity Block

ADVERTISER INDEX Adaconn + Inserta | p13 , 19 1-215-643-0192 | inserta.com Almo Manifold | p31 989-984-0800 | almomanifold.com Bonfiglioli USA | IFC, p30 859-334-3333 | bonfiglioli.com CFC-Solar | p7 1-513-874-3225 | cfcindustrialtraining.com Clippard Instruments Lab Inc | p12, 31 877-245-6247 | clippard.com Continental Hydraulics/Hydreco | p17 952-894-6400 | continentalhydraulics.com Diamond Hydraulics | p3, 20 409-986-3957 | diamondhydraulics.com Doering Company | p3, 30 320-743-2276 | doering.com FluiDyne Fluid Power | p12 586-296-7200 | fluidynefp.com

LEAD TIMES OF HOURS. NOT WEEKS.

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IN STOCK FROM 25MM TO 80MM MANY COVERS IN STOCK • Pressure, Flow, Directional • Large Flow 90° Valves

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Phone: 989.984.0800 Toll Free: 1.877.ALMO. NOW Fax: 989.984.0830

Harvard Corporation | p15 608-882-6330 | harvardcorp.com/filters Hunger Hydraulics | p9 1-800-248-9232 | hunger-hydraulics.com HydraForce | OBC 847-793-2300 | hydraforce.com Hydraulex | p8, 30, 31 1-800-422-4279 | hydraulex.com La-Man Corp | p30 1-800-348-2463 | laman.com

HYDRAULIC FLANGES + COMPONENTS

The “special” you want is probably on our shelves.

1.800.422.4279 sales@hydraulex.com

Call 800.521.7918 | Fax 810.953.1385 | Visit MAINMFG.com

Yates Cylinders, Inc | p1, 13 586-778-7680 | yatesind.com

www.hydraulex.com

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December 2023

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ESDR-0201A valve driver with HF-Impulse software for IoT-ready control.

Groundbreaking Performance

Plug & Play Simplicity Innercept™ brings unprecedented accuracy, response and valve-tovalve repeatability to proportional control cartridge valve technology. Designed for IoT, it’s the first to feature onboard LVDT servomotion control. Innercept is easy to implement into any system and at a cost far below other servo-valve technologies. See the future of motion control at HydraForce.com/Innercept

BIRMINGHAM, UK 44 121 333 1800

CHANGZHOU, CHINA 86 519 6988 1200

SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL 55 11 4040 4087