The SCORPion - 1st Edition

International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations IFMSA SCORP Newsletter Feb 2009 Issue No. 1

the SCORPion Standing Committee on Human Rights and Peace SCORP

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

THIS ISSUE

UDHR in Six Cross-Cutting Themes SCORPion of the Month 60th Anniversary of the UDHR Identity and Violence This is SCORP International Women’s Day How Could We Play?

EDITORIAL BOARD Editor in Chief: Mohamed Salama, SCORP Publica�ons DA Egypt Editor: Omar Hesham Egypt Copy Editor: Jonathan Mamo Malta Design and Layout: Mohamed Nour eldin VPE MedSIN-Sudan IFMSA VPE RA for Africa Sudan SCORP Director: Thatyana Turassa Ernani IFLMS - Brazil SCORP Liasion Officer: Rebecca Molina Ecuador

Dignity and Jus�ce for All of Us

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P6

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - In Six Cross-Cutting Themes DIGNITY & JUSTICE

Dignity and jus�ce for each and every human being is the promise of the Universal Declara�on of Human Rights. The concept of dignity lies at the heart of Human Rights. It is men�oned in the first sentence of the Preamble to the Declara�on and appears again in Ar�cle 1. Yet of all the rights to which everyone is en�tled, dignity is perhaps the most difficult to express and to put into a tangible form. Put simply, it means we must treat each other with respect, tolerance and understanding. Governments must do the same, in law as well as in prac�ce, for the individuals who make up communi�es, societies and na�ons. The idea of jus�ce and the equality of everyone before the law crops up throughout the Declara�on. In fact the Declara�on’s core values of non-discrimina�on and equality are ul�mately a commitment to universal jus�ce and recogni�on of inherent human dignity.

DEVELOPMENT

Poverty is a key factor that undercuts the realiza�on of the full poten�al of the human being and our socie�es. The Universal Declara�on of Human Rights provides a vision of the world in which everyone, regardless of who they are and where they live, has equal opportunity to grow and develop in freedom and equality and to the fullness of their poten�al.

It also makes clear our responsibility to help other people and na�ons, through individual and joint ac�ons, and to create a social and interna�onal order that enables the enjoyment of all human rights - civil, cultural, economic, poli�cal and social. So, in 2000 world leaders commi�ed themselves to making ‘the right to development a reality’ and achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 in order to bring a be�er life to the poverty-affected people of the world. This global agreement ac-

knowledges that individuals and socie�es can only develop fully through concerted na�onal and interna�onal efforts.

ENVIRONMENT

The environment is never specifically men�oned in the Universal Declara�on of Human Rights, yet if you deliberately dump toxic waste in someone’s community or dispropor�onately exploit their natural resources without adequate consulta�on and compensa�on, clearly you are abusing their rights.

Over the past 60 years, as our recogni�on of environmental degrada�on has grown so has our understanding that changes in the environment can have a significant impact on our ability to enjoy our human rights. In no other area is it so clear that the ac�ons of na�ons, communi�es, businesses and individuals can so drama�cally affect the rights of others - because damaging the environment can damage the rights of people, near and far, to a secure and healthy life.

CULTURE

The concept of Human Rights is bound closely to the belief that culture is precious and central to our iden�ty. The way we are born, live and die is affected by the culture to which we belong, so to take away our cultural heritage is to deny us our iden�ty.

At the same �me, we can all benefit from our experience of other cultures and we have something to offer them in return. The Universal Declara�on of Human Rights states that “everyone has the right freely to par�cipate in the cultural life of the community” and by implica�on, this also means that noone has the right to dominate, direct or eradicate that culture or impose theirs upon others.

SCORP Newsle�er Issue 1 GENDER

At concep�on we all start life as equals, but at birth we are immediately treated differently based on whether we are a boy or a girl. The Universal Declara�on of Human Rights acknowledges that men and women are not the same but insists on their right to be equal before the law and treated without discrimina�on. Gender equality is not a ‘women’s issue’ but refers to the equal rights, responsibili�es and opportuni�es of women and men, girls and boys, and should concern and fully engage men as well as women. However, a�er sixty years, it is clear that it is the human rights of women that we see most widely ignored around the world, from female infan�cide, sexual slavery and rape as an act of war, to exclusion from educa�on, health and the Right to compete equally for jobs. The Right to be free of discrimina�on on the grounds of sex is specifically embodied in Ar�cle 2 of the declara�on, but even a cursory reading of all 30 Ar�cles is enough to remind us that in much of the world, the Declara�on has yet to fulfill its promise to women.

PARTICIPATION

Wherever we live and in whatever sort of society, one of our basic rights is to be allowed to take a full part in the life of our community. Without par�cipa�on we cannot experience and enjoy the wide range of rights and freedoms that the Universal Declara�on of Human Rights seeks to guarantee.

Our par�cipa�on should be ac�ve, free and meaningful. Our views to improve our lives and our community should be heard and answered. We can have a say in the decisions of our local community and in na�onal affairs. Ar�cle 21 explicitly states that everyone has the right to take part in elec�ons and government. Crucially, par�cipa�on also means that the voices of people who are o�en excluded should be heard and heeded, especially when we are marginalized or discriminated against because of our disability, race, religion, gender, descent, age or on other grounds. We should be in a posi�on to influence our own des�ny and take part in decisions affec�ng us.

Mohamed Abd El Gadir, SCORP RA for Africa, Sudan

SCORPion of the Month Dear SCORPions, It’s with great pleasure that I hereby announce the SCORPion of the month for February, 2009!

This is the very first �me we come up with this idea. We chose the SCORPion of the month as a SCORP Team, and here are some of the things we paid a�en�on to: - Par�cipa�on in the SCORP forum of the month - Par�cipa�on with ar�cle(s) for the SCORP eNews/Blog - Enthusiasm and par�cipa�on in the SCORP/NORP list - Wri�ng a report on recent projects/ campaigns done in either a local, na�onal, regional, or interna�onal level to the SCORP server To be chosen the SCORPion of the month, you don’t need to complete all of these criteria, but some of them have been u�lized to guide us in our choice.

Thus, I’m proud to say that the SCORPion of the Month of February is Ms. Mirte Sprengers, NORP from IFMSA-The Netherlands! We very much appreciate your enthusias�c words and ideas on the SCORP list, and also your inputs on the IFMSA general list concerning SCORP related issues like female genital mu�la�on. We appreciate it that you’ve helped us to prepare for the GA with ideas, and that you’ve offered your help for the PreGA and SCORP sessions during the GA. We are posi�ve you immensely contributed to mo�va�ng other SCORPions. Congratula�ons, Mirte, and keep up the great SCORP spirit! ;) SCORP R U L E S! Thatyana Ernani, (IFMLS-Brazil) A SCORP Director

“In small places, close to home – so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world.

Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; the school or college he attends; the factory, farm or office where he works. Such are the places where every man, woman, and child seeks equal jus�ce, equal opportunity, equal dignity without discrimina�on. Unless these rights have meaning there, they have li�le meaning anywhere. Without concerned ci�zen ac�on to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.”

— Eleanor Roosevelt, Widow of the former USA President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Chair of the United Na�ons Commission that wrote the Universal Declara�on in 1948.

“We are all free and equal” “We should all be treated in the same way” “Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us” “We all have the right to belong to a country” “Innocent un�l proven guilty”

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“We all have the right to take part in the government of our country” “Everyone has the right to own things or share them”

SCORP Newsle�er Issue 1

“We all have the right to a good life”

“Education is a right”

“We all have the right to believe in what we want to believe, to have a religion, or to change it if we want”

“Every grown-up has the right to do a job” “Nobody can take away these “Don’t discriminate. These rights belong to every- rights and freedoms from us” body, whatever our differences”

“We have a duty to other people, and we should protect their rights and freedoms”

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60th Anniversary of the Universal Declara�on of Human Rights Thus began the 60 year old document Hamas into southern Israel, to the Israeli known as the Universal Declara�on of invasion, the blockade of interna�onal Human Rights (UDHR). Universal, beaid and journalists from entering Gaza, cause at that �me people from all legal every ac�on has met with cri�cism as all backgrounds came together to dra� it, of them singly or together caused untold and because the UN General Assembly hardship to ci�zens, reducing their qualproclaimed it ‘as a common standard of ity of life through lack of basic ameni�es, achievement for all peoples and na�ons’. injuries and death of loved ones.

Further, proof to its universal acceptance Similarly, the condemna�on of and the is the fact that as of today, it is the most protests against the US occupa�on of translated document in history , indicatIraq following the despicable 9/11 a�acks ing perhaps that the aspiradrew immensely from people’s “Whereas the �ons of the world’s peoples are belief in the provisions of the recogni�on of totally, or almost so, reflected UDHR. in the wording. And today, inLet us not forget the hundreds of the inherent stead of loosing relevance like humanitarian agencies and NGOs dignity and of a six�es person would, it has the equal and in- that act in conflict situa�ons to con�nued to serve as a moral palliate suffering through provialienable rights basis for people making desion of food, healthcare and othof all members mands of those in authority for er services. No one would volunof the human their rights and those of others. teer in such situa�ons without family is the In addi�on, most of the legal a firm belief in the dignity and founda�on of framework for municipal and rights of human beings, and the freedom, jus�ce interna�onal law derives inspipropriety of ac�ng in the spirit of ra�on from the UDHR. From and peace in the brotherhood. Donors providing policies to the Millennium DeAn�-retrovirals (ARVs) to HIV/ world “ velopment Goals, from protest AIDS pa�ents in Africa, the Euroagainst wars, violence and occupa�ons pean Union’s Partnership to Reinforce Imto humanitarian assistance, increasingly, muniza�on Efficiency (EU-PRIME), Habitat human and interna�onal rela�ons are for Humanity working to provide homes under constant and ongoing constraint to for the homeless, and stars like Bono of respect the rights and freedoms set out in U2 working to alleviate poverty in Africa the UDHR. The wave of interna�onal cri�are few examples of the UDHR at work. cism of the Israel-Pales�ne conflict is an Ins�tu�ons like the European Union (EU), example. World leaders, civil society and which permit free movement of ci�zens ci�zens of far-flung countries registered of member states, and also of ci�zens of their displeasure at the whole conduct non-member states having the schengen of the war. From the firing of rockets by visa definitely reflects at the very least,

the right of people to freedom of movement and residence, to na�onality and to freedom to leave and return to any country including theirs.

Most importantly perhaps for the global south are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Eight specific goals set out and signed by leaders from over 140 countries, all in principle a step in the right direc�on towards ensuring a social order that supports some the rights and freedoms set forth in the UDHR. But a cri�cal look at the world today brings two cri�cal ques�ons to mind: are all the ar�cles without excep�on adhered to? And, is the adherence to the UDHR in terms of geography uniform? Well, your guess is as good as mine. Take the recent conflict raging in the Middle East between Israel and Gaza for instance; it is for the people in Gaza, I am sure, in direct contradic�on to ar�cles 5 and 13, and with respect to food and healthcare as part of humanitarian aid, ar�cle 25. Ar�cle 5 condemns cruel treatment, which in their case will include closure of borders impeding movement (which ar�cle 13 condemns) and flow of humanitarian aid, leading to hunger and lack in health service delivery; bombardment, crippling social ameni�es like electricity supply essen�al in the winter for warmth.

Moving downwards from the middle east to Africa, one is at once confronted with a con�nent full of many atrocious acts against humanity, encouraged by wars, civil unrest and hyperinfla�on amongst others, all breaching the peoples’ aspira-

Iden�ty and Violence �ons and cu�ng short their expecta�ons for the future.

They are not free from want, lacking even the most basic of ameni�es, and what with the many conflicts that have ravaged the con�nent, the refugee situa�on is unprecedented. From the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone, to that in the Central African Republic and Eritrea to Darfur, refugee camps have become like springs that have reached their elas�c limits as resources and tempers alike are overstretched. The camps have themselves become a ground for rebel lords to meet, strategize and launch offensives.

The refugees are like sheep without shepherd and suffer dehumanizing acts such as rape and torture, even by the security opera�ves that have been put in place to protect them. No doubt for these people, ar�cles 22 and 28 hold no meaning, for the social order meant to protect their rights and freedom as set forth is the very culprit in their present predicament.

And more importantly perhaps on the con�nent of Africa is the issue of governance, which the UDHR says should ‘reflect the will of the people’.

States that have braved the seas of democracy have been besieged by the sharks of elec�on rigging, collapse of public service integrity and blatant disregard for the rule of law and the peoples’ aspira�ons. Let’s not even talk about countries like Guinea whose reins have been seized by military rulers. The founda�on for such government is ab ini�o bad and no ma�er how lo�y the ideas of the self-proclaimed leaders might be the lack of the vo�ng process, which gives the people the right to choose a leader of their will, precludes legi�macy.

For Africa, many a realist will know that so long as the problem of governance stays unsolved, all others will persist with it, and any interven�on at anything else would amount to pu�ng the cart before the horse.

Looking at the interna�onal community, the European Union and America in par�cular, who are regarded as the champions of democracy and its ideals, can we say definitely that their dealings have been all in conformity with the UDHR? Take the case of France and Guinea for instance. France has threatened to stop aid to guinea since the military junta seized control. This ac�on, though aimed at put�ng pressure on the junta to step down and allow civilian rule will in the mean�me affect the masses the most; they who depend on this aid for a livelihood. Or is it

the Bakassi Peninsula issue of the south of Nigeria, which according to the interna�onal court of jus�ce (ICJ) belongs to Cameroon, but prevailing opinion amongst the residents suggests that they would prefer to remain as ci�zens of Nigeria. The ICJ, being a UN organ should probably have delivered their judgment in line with the aspira�ons of the Bakassi residents, who are persons before the law.

From Africa we move our gaze to China, where as of today, ar�cle 19 dealing with the freedom of opinion and expression is a mirage, and with it ar�cles 18 and 20, which cater for the very things that feed our opinions and expressions: thought, conscience and religion, and our associa�ons. Such was the case that even in commemora�ng the 60th anniversary of the UDHR certain people were arrested.

The UDHR is a work in progress. Every responsible ci�zen of the world hopes to see it get be�er and be�er in applica�on, and like wine, age should only make it be�er. That is the whole point.

And to this end, we should not sit on our palms but do all we can through personal sacrifice, and collec�vely through inten�onal project decisions and sensi�za�on drives just like that by the Standing Commi�ee on Refugee Health and Peace (SCORP) in commemora�ng this 60th anniversary. This indeed is in our best interest as medical students and future doctors and aligns with the vision and mission of IFMSA to promote human rights and equal healthcare access for all. And for organiza�ons like IPPNW seeking to prevent a Hiroshima/Nagasaki repeat, it is a definite plus because in a more equitable world in which rights and freedoms are observed, there would be no need for nuclear weapons at all.

Lastly an admoni�on for this year as the 60th of the UDHR from the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbor: “In the course of this year, unprecedented efforts must be made to ensure that every person in the world can rely on just laws for his or her protec�on. In advancing human rights for all, we will move towards the greatest fulfillment of human poten�al, a promise which is at the heart of the universal declara�on “ Ehase Agyeno Co-Interna�onal Student Representa�ve (ISR) IPPNW

In our present �me, we are witnessing an increasing violence �de around the world on different levels, locally, na�onally and interna�onally. The great increase in violent a�tude among all people needs a realis�c trial to analyze its causes and control it.

In this ar�cle I will discuss the idea of “iden�ty”, the item that shares to a great extent, in my opinion, in the increasing violence �de around the world. What is [iden�ty]? Is it something forced to accept or something that we choose consciously? And to what extent does it affect our a�tude toward other people.

In sociology and poli�cal science, the no�on of social iden�ty is defined as the way that individuals label themselves as members of par�cular groups (e.g., na�on, social class, subculture, ethnicity, gender, etc.)

According to the previous defini�on, we can say that everyone comes to choose his or her iden�ty as to be able to label himself/herself as part of a group and we can also find that no one has a single iden�ty due to individual involvement in many different groups and not just limited to one.

The point that raises violence is that we always perceive one iden�ty to be dominant and more important than others. Emphasizing cultural iden�ty, for example, leads to differen�a�ng people into predetermined solid classes that aren’t flexible to accommodate varia�ons and ignores all other similari�es between people. One could also suggest that a person is English with Indian roots and assuming that this person is classified as western (not eastern in culture), he will be labeled as “other” for eastern people however he may have many things in common with eastern people from other iden�ty aspects like social class, ethnicity, sports habits and poli�cal views and searching closely we’ll always find more similari�es between two persons than the differences between them, but we s�ll look at the same point we stressed on (culture in our example) and this lead to promo�ng the illusion of an inevitable clash along civiliza�onal lines.

To conclude, what I want to say is that the root cause of violence is when people see each other as having a singular affilia�on as opposed to mul�ple affilia�ons all of which can be a source of a person’s iden�ty.

Omar Hesham, SCORPion Editor, IFMSA Egypt

SCORP Newsle�er Issue 1

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this is SCORP..

“I think with the eyes and with the ears, And with the hands and with the feet, And with the nose and with the mouth” Fernando Pessoa To those of us who were given the ability to se, many of our other senses (hearing, smell, touch, and taste) are o�en put aside. There is a difficult and not so frequent interconnec�on between our sight and these other not-so-used senses.

We’re missing a bridge that could intertwine and enhance our senses, and provide us a lot more sensibility to improve how we perceive the world. In a similar way, we, as medical students and doctors, gain a lot of knowledge that is some�mes le� alone, not being interconnected with anything, thus remaining meaningless.

As future health professionals and physicians, it’s not unlikely that we will come across the following ques�on many �mes: “What should I do with the knowledge I gained to become a good doctor?”

To me, a “good doctor” is one who is ethical, has an integrated view of his/her pa�ents, who’s up to date, mo�vated, dedicated, self-realized, and with a great of knowledge. These thoughts have led me into medita�ng about my career, and what I can do to become this “good doctor”. This is where the IFMSA comes in.

To obtain knowledge, it’s obvious we need to study, and to research. What about the other characteris�cs that would make me a “good doctor”? How can I accomplish those? Through the voluntary work of the IFMSA, with the promo�on of human rights and health related ac�vi�es, I’ve had the unique opportunity to link what I have learned as a medical student to be the basic needs of a pa�ent with something that would make it meaningful: the inser�on in the community I live in. Many pa�ents aren’t familiar with their most basic Human Rights. Without this knowledge, their health might not be of the “highest a�ainable standard” and, thus, as a medical student I felt it was my obliga�on, through the work of the IFMSA’s Standing Commi�ee on Human Rights and Peace (SCORP), to educate them in this field, and to find ways to secure their human rights.

The SCORP projects must be understood as auto-sustainable work, with autonomy and freedom. For this, it’s very important that all of us SCORPions are willing to

donate a part of ourselves. No�ce that our work is not about charity; by coming up with volunteer projects we also gain the possibility of giving a meaning to the knowledge we gathered and to the profession we chose. SCORP func�ons as a bridge between our role as medical students and doctors and the community in the need of human rights informa�on and protec�on.

The SCORP Mission Statement is the following: “The Standing Commi�ee On human Rights and Peace is commi�ed to promo�ng Human Rights and Peace. As future health care professionals we work towards empowering and improving the health of refugees and other vulnerable people.” Our aim is to guarantee human rights to everyone, everywhere, thus improving the health quality of all. We dream of a world where everybody will achieve the “highest a�ainable standard of health”.

To fulfill this dream step by step, we have formed a wonderful SCORP Team to be at your service at all �mes. It is composed of five Regional Assistants (RAs), two Regional Development Assistants (DAs), two other DAs, the SCORP LO (Ms. Rebecca Molina) and the SCORP-D (myself, Ms. Thatyana Turassa Ernani). May I proudly present once more to you the SCORP Team for the term 2008-2009: Regional Development Assistant for the Americas, Europe & Central Asia, and Asia-Pacific Ms. Ana Débora Uchoa Soares (Brazil) norp.iflms@gmail.com Regional Development Assistant for the EMR and Africa Mr. Mohamed Abd ElGadir Gar Elnabi (Sudan) mohamed_abdalgadir@yahoo.com Development Assistant for External Affairs Ms. Mahsa Montazeri (The Netherlands) montazeri.mahsa@gmail.com Publica�ons Development Assistant for the SCORP eNewsle�er Mr. Mohamed Salama Draz

msd_med_2010@yahoo.com

SCORP Regional Assistant for Africa Mr. Mohamed Abd ElGadir Gar Elnabi (Sudan) mohamed_abdalgadir@yahoo.com SCORP Regional Assistant for Americas Mr. Daniel Turner-Lloveras (USA) mydjtl@gmail.com SCORP Co-Regional Assistants for Asia and Pacific Mr. WanHsuan Sun (Taiwan) and Mr. Vorapot Sapsirisavat (Thailand) steve88085@gmail.com and chingossip@yahoo.com SCORP Regional Assistant for Eastern Mediterranean Mr. Mahmoud Ahmed Makhlouf (Pales�ne) makhlouf.mahmoud@gmail.com SCORP Regional Assistant for Europe and Central Asia Ms. Beata Syzdul (Poland) beatasyzdul@gmail.com If you have any doubts, sugges�ons, and/ or you just feel like wri�ng to someone who’s as passionate as you are for SCORP issues, you can contact anyone from the SCORP Team! We’re ready to keep up a crescent mo�va�on, and to help you in the best possible way. I’d like to thank everyone in the SCORP Team who has helped SCORP grow – I’m posi�ve we’re up to the best!

I’d also like to thank people who are outside the SCORP Team who have always contributed to the growth of SCORP, such as the former SCORP-Ds Dr. Jonathan Mamo, Ms. Yelena Petrosyan, Ms. Eva M. Holst, and Dr. Layal Chaker. Thanks also to Dr. Anas Eid (former IFMSA-President), and to the en�re Team of Officials 20082009 that is always showing a keen interest in the SCORP ac�vi�es and future.

May the SCORP Team and all SCORPions in the world con�nue our work with great joy, because “true happiness...is not attained through self-gra�fica�on, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose.” Helen Keller Thatyana Ernani, (IFMLS-Brazil) IFMSA SCORP Director

How Could We Play?

How can you play, teach and learn at the same �me? In the SCORP project Human Rights’ Games, you can do this and much more. It is a project which deals with kids and teaches them about some basic values related to jus�ce, virtue, good behavior and happiness.

The Human Rights games are in fact a number of games which when applied together provide the children with a fun way of enjoying the concept of Human Rights. These games help to s�mulate the childrens’ imagina�on and give them an opportunity to show how they understand the world around them.

While talking with the children, they will inevitably show their feelings, doubts and convic�ons, which are very important to evaluate the success of this project. In many situa�ons, children demonstrate happiness and affec�on related to their teachers, friends and family.

The comprehension of the ideas showed in the project can be noted in the end of the games, when children describe what they have learned within the framework of a certain game and how they can apply the Human Right to their daily lives. These answers are very important to understand the impact of the project, and they are crucial if we are to know where and how the project can be modified to give children a be�er comprehension of the ideas.

Interna�onal Women’s Day “Women, These are YOUR Rights!” TUS DERECHOS MUJER As we know the 8th of March is Interna�onal Women’s Day. In celebra�on of this day, the APEMH’s members thought about several ideas, and the day before we agreed to interact with the women, and decided to call our ac�vity “Tus Derechos Mujer”.

For this day we prepared pink ribbons, billboards and informa�ve brochures.

The ac�vity consisted in going to a district of the city which is inhabited by very poor people, and giving the women there informa�on about their principal Rights as a human being and as a woman, trying to encourage them to fight if some of their rights are not considered or respected.

We arrived at about 10am and divided into groups of 3 people. Some members were standing up holding the billboards that we had prepared days before, with the objec�ve of trying to call the a�en�on of people that were walking near us.

They had messages like “Women, you are important for us!” Other members were in charge of giving the pink ribbons (which symbolize women) and the brochures with informa�on. And each one of us started to talk with the women and explained to them their principal rights.

This project has been running in IFLMS – Brazil for three years now, and our plan is to con�nue with this ac�vity in the future; to promote Human Rights together with a li�le bit of fun to the children.

In some cases it was touching for us, because we realized that some of the women there didn’t know about their rights, and they were grateful to us for giving them this kind of informa�on and courage. This was a really gra�fying experience for all of us. We were happy to help people with the most powerful weapon that we have: The knowledge of our Rights.

Larissa Fortunato Prohmann LORP IFLMS Brazil

Carlo Piero Lastarria Pérez NORP 2008 APEMH - Peru

Interna�onal Federa�on of Medical Students’ Associa�ons Standing Commi�ee on Human Rights and Peace SCORP Newsle�er Issue 1 Page 6