GENERAL AVIATION GUIDELINES Tirana International Airport SHPK Tirana International Airport, Nënë Tereza Administration Building, Rinas Albania Phone: +355 4 2381 600 Fax: +355 4 2381 545 E-Mail: info@tirana-airport.com Web site: www.tirana-airport.com
1
Date: 07.07.09 Division/Department: Ground Handling Department Person responsible: Igli Larashi Tirana International Airport SHPK Tirana International Airport NĂŤnĂŤ Tereza Rinas, Tirana Albania Phone: 00355 4 2381 600 Fax:
00355 4 2381 545
E-Mail: info@tirana-airport.com www.tirana-airport.com
2
Aviation Regulations Hierarchy 1. ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization 2. ECAC - European Civil Aviation Conference 3. JAA – Joint Aviation Authorityies 3. EASA - European Aviation Safety Agency 4. EC- European Commission Regulations and Directives 5. CAA – Civil Aviation Authority Government organization in charge for aviation Takes care that national laws are in accordance with applicable regulations Approves or denies permits for airline companies Controls airline companies in the State 6. Airline - Company Works according to regulations 7. Directorate General Civil Aviation Albania DGCA 8. Directorate Flight Safety 9. National Legislation Law “On Albanian Civil Aviation”, No. 7877; dated 30.11.1994. According to Article 7 of the Law “On Albanian Civil Aviation” regulations are prepared in accordance with ICAO National legislation 1. National Programme of Security Civil Aviation (SIGAV) of the Republic of Albania are been legal empowered in the name of the Republic of Albania in base of: a). Law on Albanian Civil Aviation, No. 7877, date 30/11/1994 b). Law on Civil Aviation Security, No. 8310, date 19/03/1998, decreed by President by the Decree No. 2035, date 03/04/1998. c). Law No.9149, date 30/10/2003 “For some amendments and changes on the Law 8310, date 19/03/1998 “For Security in Albanian Civil Aviation” c). Law No. 7568, date 25/05/1992. “For the Protection of Rinas Airport”, No. 8325, date 09/04/1998. 10. Albania is: • ICAO Member • ECAC Member • JAA candidate member • Eurocontrol Member
3
International Conventions Warsaw Convention – 1929 Chicago Convention – 1944 Tokyo Convention – 1963 Hague Convention – 1970 Montreal Convention – 1971 Montreal Convention - 1999 WARSAW CONVENTION regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage or goods performed by aircraft for reward. Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name), it was amended in 1955 at The Hague and in 1975 in Montreal. In particular, the Warsaw Convention: mandates carriers to issue passenger tickets; requires carriers to issue baggage checks for checked luggage; limits a carrier's liability (in Special Drawing Rights (SDR)) Chicago Convention The document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947. The convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006). established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The Chicago Convention establishes: rules of airspace, airplane registration, safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. Chicago Convention Five Freedoms of the Air are: 1. Freedom of peaceful transit. 1. Freedom of non-traffic stop (to refuel, repair, or refuge). 1. Freedom to take traffic from the homeland to any country. 1. Freedom to bring traffic from any country to the homeland. 1. Freedom to pick up and discharge traffic at intermediate points.
4
Other Conventions The Tokyo Convention of 1963. The Hague Convention of 1970. The Montreal Convention of 1971. The Tokyo Convention of 1963. The Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft. - does not define specific offenses, - ensuring that there will always be a jurisdiction (namely, that of the state of registry of the aircraft) in which a person who has committed an offense on board an aircraft can be tried. - the powers and duties of the aircraft commander and - respecting restraint and disembarkation of the suspected offender. - code of behavior for states in whose territory the suspected offender has disembarked - the steps to be taken in the event of the hijacking of an aircraft. The Hague Convention of 1970. The Convention for the Suppression of the Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft defines: - the offense of unlawful seizure - the universal jurisdiction over, - the arrest and custody of, the suspected offender. - the prosecution or extradition of the suspected offender should take place without many restrictions. The Montreal Convention of 1971. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation defines: - number of acts of unlawful interference directed against international civil aviation. - universal jurisdiction over the offender - rules for custody, extradition, and prosecution similar to those in the Hague Convention The Montreal Convention of 1999 -
The Montreal Convention, signed in 1999: replace the Warsaw Convention system, once Montreal has been ratified by all States. re-establishes uniformity and predictability of rules relating to the international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo. changes and generally increases the maximum liability of airlines for lost baggage to a fixed amount 1000 SDRs (the amount in the Warsaw Convention is based on weight of the baggage). amend liabilities to be paid to families for death or injury whilst on board an aircraft.
EU countries jointly ratified the convention on 29 April 2004, and it came into force in those countries on 28 June 2004.
MONTREAL CONVENTION 5
- Air carriers are strictly liable for proven damages up to 100,000 Special Drawing Rights (SDR's), approximately $138,000 per passenger at the time of its ratification by the United States in 2003. (As of January 2007, the value has risen to roughly $149,000.) - Damages above 100,000 SDR's, the airline must show that the accident that caused injury or death was not due to their negligence or was attributable to the negligence of a third party. - Amends the jurisdictional provisions of Warsaw and now allows the victim or their families to sue foreign carriers where they maintain their principal residence, and requires all air carriers to carry liability insurance. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. ICAO came into being on 4 April 1947 as a result of Chicago Convention. ICAO Annexes (Annexes to the Chicago Convention) The various standards and recommendations that have been adopted by ICAO are grouped into 18 annexes to the Chicago Convention. The aim of the annexes - promote progress in flight safety - guaranteeing satisfactory minimum standards of training and safety procedures - ensuring uniform international practices. The 18 annexes are the following: 1. Personnel Licensing 2. Rules of the Air 3. Meteorological Services 4. Aeronautical Charts 5. Units of Measurement 6. Operation of Aircraft. 7. Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks 8. Airworthiness of Aircraft 9. Facilitation 10. Aeronautical Telecommunications 11. Air Traffic Services 12. Search and Rescue 13. Aircraft Accident Investigation 14. Aerodromes 15. Aeronautical Information Services 16. Environmental Protection. 17. Security 18. Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
6
General Information on JAA Requirements - The Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR) are: - series of regulations covering the whole of aviation, implemented by the European states of the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA). - Replace national regulations so that a harmonised set of standards are applied by all the states. -
The aim is: to allow a seamless interchange of aircraft, operations, training and licensing throughout the JAA states and thus the free movement of aviation personnel among them.
EASA (The European Aviation Safety Agency) A new system of European aviation regulation (EASA – the European Aviation Safety Agency) was introduced in September 2003, and will gradually supersede the JAR. JAR-1 JAR-11 JAR-21 JAR-22 JAR-23 JAR-25 JAR-26 JAR-27 JAR-29 JAR-34 JAR-36 JAR-39 JAR-66 JAR-145 JAR 147 JAR-APU JAR-AWO JAR-E
Definitions and Abbreviations (Amendment 6) JAA Regulatory And Related Procedures (Amendment 1) Certification Procedures For Aircraft And Related Products And Parts (Amendment 6) Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes (Amendment 8) Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amendment 2) Large Airplanes (Amendment 17) Additional Airworthiness Requirements for Operations (Amendment 3) Small Rotorcraft (Amendment 4) Large Rotorcraft (Amendment 4) Aircraft Engine Emissions (Amendment 1) Aircraft Noise (Amendment 1) Airworthiness Directives (Initial Issue) Certifying Staff Maintenance (Amendment 1) Approved Maintenance Organizations (Amendment 6) Approved Maintenance Training/Examinations (Amendment 2) Auxiliary Power Units (Amendment 4) All Weather Operations (Amendment 3) Engines (Amendment 13)
7
JAR-FCL 1 JAR-FCL 2 JAR-FCL 3 JAR-FCL 4 JARMMEL/MEL JAR-OPS 1 JAR-OPS 3 JAR-P JAR-STD 1A JAR-STD 1H JAR-STD 2A JAR-STD 2H JAR-STD 3A JAR-STD 3H JAR-STD 4A JAR-TSO JAR-VLA JAR-VLR
Flight Crew Licensing (Aeroplane) (Amendment 7) Flight Crew Licensing (Helicopter) (Amendment 6) Flight Crew Licensing (Medical) (Amendment 5) Flight Crew Licensing (Flight Engineers) (Amendment 3) Master Minimum Equipment List / Minimum Equipment List (Amendment 1) Commercial Air Transportation (Aeroplanes) (Amendment 12) Commercial Air Transportation (Helicopters) (Amendment 4 + Corrigendum) Propellers (Amendment 8) Aeroplane Flight Simulators (Amendment 3) Helicopter Flight Simulators (Initial Issue) Aeroplane Flight Training Devices (Initial Issue) Helicopter Flight Training Devices (Initial Issue) Aeroplane Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainers (Change 1) Helicopter Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainers (Initial Issue) Basic Instrument Training Devices (Initial Issue) Joint Technical Standard Orders (Amendment 7) Very Light Aeroplanes (Amendment 1) Very Light Rotocraft (Amendment 1)
JAR OPS1 – COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION SECTION 1 – REQUIREMENTS SUBPART A – APPLICABILITY SUBPART B – GENERAL SUBPART C – OPERATOR CERTIFICATION AND SUPERVISION SUBPART D – OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES SUBPART E – ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS SUBPART F – PERFORMANCE GENERAL SUBPART G – PERFORMANCE CLASS A SUBPART H – PERFORMANCE CLASS B SUBPART I – PERFORMANCE CLASS C SUBPART J – MASS AND BALANCE SUBPART K – INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT SUBPART L – COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT SUBPART M – AEROPLANE MAINTENANCE SUBPART N – FLIGHT CREW SUBPART O – CABIN CREW SUBPART P – MANUALS, LOGS AND RECORDS SUBPART Q – FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS (Reserved) SUBPART R – TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR SUBPART S – SECURITY SECTION 2 – ADVISORY CIRCULARS JOINT (ACJ)/ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE (AMC)/INTERPRETATIVE/EXPLANATORY MATERIAL (IEM)
8
Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) is an associated body of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) The JAA Membership is based on signing the "JAA Arrangements" document originally signed by the then current Member States in Cyprus in 1990. Membership is open to members of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) "Three-Phase" membership of the JAA 1. evaluation and signing of the Arrangement 2. fact-finding and standardization visits 3. full recognition JAA Based on Arrangements and related commitments, the JAA's objectives may be summarized as follows: Aviation Safety Transition from JAA to EASA Business Effectiveness Consolidation of Common Standards Worldwide Aviation Safety Improvement JAA/EASA History The JAA's work began in 1970 (when it was known as the Joint Airworthiness Authorities). Since 1987 its work has been extended to operations, maintenance, licensing and certification/design standards for all classes of aircraft. A set of options for the future of JAA/EASA relations was discussed during the ECAC's fifty-first special Meeting of Directors General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) in Yalta, from 30 August to 2 September 2002. With the adoption of the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) became a new regulatory framework in European aviation On September 28, 2003 EASA begun its activities. According to this Regulation (EC) 1592/2002, for EU Member States national regulation in the airworthiness domain has been replaced by EU Regulation and certification tasks have been transferred from National Authorities to EASA. Non EU States maintain their responsibility in all fields. In November 2005 the EU Commission began the legislative process to amend EASA that Regulation to extend the competences of EASA into the fields of: 1. Rules and procedures for civil aviation operations; 2. Licensing of crews in the member states; 3. Certification of non-EU operators.
9
JAA/EASA Future EU version of JAR-OPS 1 will become applicable by Member States not later than 18 months after publication of the text (December 2006). JAA and EASA established 6 transition forces to deal with the following issues: - certification - regulation - standardization - SAFA matters - international affairs - administrative matters JAA Future August 2005 first proposing for a transformation from JAA into JAA T (T for 'transition'), on 31 August 2006. transformation was formally approved by JAA Board and endorsed by ECAC Directors General on 1 September 2006. JAA T The JAA T exists and functions with two offices - the Liaison Office and the Training Office: - The Liaison Office "JAA LO" is established to liaise between EASA and the civil aviation authorities of the non EASA JAA Member States to integrate the activities of these States with those of EASA. - The Training Office "JAA TO" is established to provide relevant training to the aviation community to ensure that it is sufficiently familiar with the European aviation safety rules and regulations, and to assist the non EASA JAA Member States in their efforts to obtain EASA membership.
10
EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY - EASA The EASA is the centre piece of the European Union's strategy for aviation safety. Mission to promote the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation. As an independent EU body under European law, it is accountable to the Member States and the EU institutions. A Management Board with representatives from the Member States and the European Commission adopts the Agency’s budget and work program. Tasks of EASA Rulemaking: drafting safety legislation and providing technical advice to the European Commission and to the Member States; Inspections, training and standardisation programmes to ensure uniform implementation of European aviation safety legislation in all Member States; Safety and environmental type-certification of aircraft, engines and parts; Approval and oversight of aircraft design organisations world-wide as and of production and maintenance organisations outside the EU; Data collection, analysis and research to improve aviation safety. Future tasks of EASA The European Commission has proposed to extend the Agency’s responsibilities to further important areas of safety regulation: Rules and procedures for civil aviation operations; Licensing of crews in the Member States; Certification of non-Member State airlines. The Agency expects to take over these tasks by 2008
11
EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Commission was created: - to represent the European interest common to all Member States of the Union - to have the right of initiative in the legislative process, proposing the legislation on which the European Parliament and the Council decide. - to propose to extend the EASA's responsibilities to further important areas of safety regulation. European Civil Aviation Conference – ECAC Founded in 1955 as an intergovernmental organisation, ECAC's objective to promote the continued development of a safe, efficient and sustainable European air transport system.
12
In so doing, ECAC seeks to: harmonies civil aviation policies and practices amongst its Member States promote understanding on policy matters between its Member States and other parts of the world.
ECAC issues resolutions, recommendations and policy statements which are brought into effect by its Member States. Under its auspices, international agreements have been concluded. The International Air Transport Association IATA IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945. The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in the Hague in 1919 - the year of the world's first international scheduled services. At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has over 270 Members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA IATA: works with members to make industry safer, more profitable and efficient. In order to support the airline industry, IATA is involved in following areas: Aircraft Operations Airport & Air Navigation Services Cargo Economics Environment Finance Passenger Policies and Regulations Safety and Security Simplifying the Business Procedure For IATA Membership Application Commencing in June 2005, IATA Membership with full rights and privileges may only be obtained after successful completion of: 1) An administrative review by the Membership and Government Relations Department; 2) An operational audit, the IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA). All IATA Members must be register in IOSA till 2008.
13
IATA Operational Safety Audit The IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) Programme is an internationally recognized and accepted evaluation system designed to assess the operational management and control systems of an airline.
IOSA uses internationally recognised quality audit principles, and is designed so that audits are conducted in a standardised and consistent manner. Inherent in the IOSA Programme is a degree of quality, integrity and security such that mutually interested airlines and regulators can all comfortably accept IOSA audit reports. Implementation of IOSA - benefits Improve safety and efficiency Improve degree of quality, integrity and security The establishment of the first internationally recognized operational audit standards When IOSA registered, the mutual acceptance will reduce the need of cross audits A reduction of costs and audit resource requirements for airlines and regulators The IOSA audit standards are based on eight areas that contribute to airline operational safety, which are: Corporate Organisation and Management Systems (ORG) - Flight Operations (FLT) - Operational Control - Flight Dispatch (DSP) - Aircraft Engineering and Maintenance (MNT) - Cabin Operations (CAB) - Ground Handling (GRH) - Cargo Operations (CGO) - Operational Security (SEC) EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. civil and military Organisation - currently numbers 37 Members primary objective - the development of a seamless, pan-European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, involving national authorities, air navigation service providers, civil and military airspace users, airports, industry, professional organisations and relevant European institutions. EUROCONTROL's core activities span the entire range of gate-to-gate air navigation service operations - from strategic and tactical - flow management to controller training; - regional control of airspace - to develop of leading-edge, - safety-proofed technologies and procedures, 14
- collection of air navigation charges
The Memorandum of Cooperation that was signed with European Commission on 22 December 2003 covers five potential areas of cooperation:
implementation of the Single European Sky, research and development data collection and analysis in the areas of air traffic and environmental statistics, satellite navigation including Galileo international cooperation in the field of aviation.
FEDERAL AVIATION AUTHORITY - FAA Responsible for the safety of civil aviation, created in 1958. in 1967 FAA becomes a part of the Department of Transportation. Major roles include: Regulating civil aviation to promote safety Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation
Provided by Igli Larashi Tirana International Airport Ground Handling Director
15