TURNING FAILURES INTO SUCCESS
Lesson
6
“Failure and Success are as near to each other as winter and spring. Sometimes we must fail before we can succeed – Indeed, before we can even learn what success really is.”
People are generally prone to “the two-valued orientation.” We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is _______________ a 5 success or a failure when, in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. There’s a world of difference between “I have failed three times” and “I am a failure.” Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing 10 _______________ being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place. Obviously, no one can be a whiz at everything. In fact, success in one area often precludes success in another. An eminent politician, recalling the last 35 15 years of his life, said that the success of his career had _______________ destroyed his marriage. He had no time for his family; he travelled a lot. He had gotten power, money, prestige; he was a real success as a 19 politician, but as a husband and father, he was a flop. Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger of too early success is particularly acute whenever a child demonstrates special talent. One girl, _______________ skill on ice skates marked her as “Olympic Material” complained later that while 25 girls at her age were playing, bicycling, reading or
Book II - Lesson 6
just loafing, she ice-skated every day after school and all weekend. Girls all over the country envied her glamorous success. Years later, however, she spoke _______________ of those early triumphs. “I never prepared myself for anything but the ice,” she said. “I peaked at 17— and it’s been downhill ever since.” 31 Success that comes too easily is also damaging. The child who wins a prize for a dashed-off essay, the adult who distinguishes himself at a first job due to lucky accident faces probable _______________ when 35 real challenges arise. Success may, quite simply, cost too much in strain (infighting at the job, keeping a cheerful public face while your personal life falls apart) or loss of integrity (flattering, lying, or going 40 along with questionable actions). Above all, it may be too costly if the end result is fear – fear of not repeating the success. One of the most successful hostesses in the world has come to hate _______________: “I have acquired such a reputation,” she explains, “that my friends expect 45 me to outdo myself. I can’t disappoint them, and I am worn out before my guests even arrive.” Why are so many people afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure can become a growing experience. We forget 50
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that failure is part of the human condition and that “every person has the right to fail.” Most parents work hard at either _______________ failure or protecting their children from the knowledge 55 that they have failed. One common way is to lower standards. Another is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid – when they should tell the truth: “You have failed indeed, and you do have the right to cry over your disappointment. 60 _______________, use this experience as a springboard for you to go higher and achieve the desired success. Come on! Try again!” A lady gives an example: “When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money 65 for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldn’t possibly handle all the refreshments, shows and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent 70 _______________ failure – and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations.” The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. 75 The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything; no one can win all the time—and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, 80 of course. However, parents should not offer a quick consolation _______________ or say, “it doesn’t matter,” because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment - and then be helped to master it. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, 86 is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a _______________ party how to give a good
one. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a girl auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. 90 “Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer,” he said. “You do not have the body for it.” Far from considering herself a complete failure, she used it to take stock courageously and asked herself, “What 95 can I do?” She put away her toe shoes and moved into dance _______________, a field where she’s both competent and useful. Oddly enough, failure often brings with it a peculiar kind of freedom. Even a major life failure can be 100 followed by a sense of, “It has happened. I wish it hadn’t, but it is over now and I have survived!” Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts children and adults alike. However, it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn how to use it. First step is to ask, 105 “Why did I fail?” Resist the natural _______________ to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you can improve. If someone else can help, do not be shy about inquiring. If faced, absorbed and accepted, failure contributes to personal growth and often 110 leads to improved personal relationships. The officially “successful” person often remains closed off and self-protective, but simple human vulnerability is revealed in failure. Failure frees one to take risks because there is less to lose. There is always a resurgence of energy and awareness of new _______________. Stick to one of them and… Good Luck! “A person’s success is made up of failures, because he experiments and ventures every day, and the more falls he gets, the faster he/she gets up.” Adapted from “Turning Failure into success” by Fredelle Maynard
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ACQUIRE (formal): to gain something by your efforts, ability or behavior a) After being classmates for so long, we know exactly who has acquired a reputation for high grades. b) I am positive you’ve all acquired a good knowledge of English throughout these years. c) _________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ACUTE: sharp; severe. • acute pain / hearing / sense of smell / observation skills / shortage of water a) Laura’s co-workers took her to the nearest hospital because of an acute pain in her stomach. b) Everyone has been worried about the world’s acute environmental problems, but still, many don’t recycle. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ARISE / AROSE / ARISEN: to start to exist. a) If the need arises, the board members will work overtime in order to release the result of the entrance exams on the due date. b) Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to spend some time abroad in order to improve my language skills. c) Problems will certainly arise in the meeting and the head teachers must keep control of the situation. d) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ASSUME: to think that something is true although you have no proof of it. a) Dad assumed Mom wasn’t home because her car wasn’t in the garage. b) As none of the students asked questions, the teacher assumed they had understood the whole lesson and moved on. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ AUDITION: to attempt to get a role in an acting / musical presentation a) We will have an audition to make the drama club at the school b) Jane is auditioning for “OPHELIA” in Hamlet. c) _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ DASHED-OFF (adj.): written quickly and messily. • to dash off (verb). a) My mother complained about my illegible handwriting in the dashed-off letter I wrote to her when I was an exchange student. b) I was in a hurry and dashed off a note to my mom to let her know I would arrive home late. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ GO DOWNHILL (OR BE DOWNHILL): to move towards a lower state or level; to change to a worse situation. a) The reputation of Brazil has been downhill since the press started spreading news about corruption in the ministry.
Book II - Lesson 6
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b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ EMINENT (adj.): well-known, famous, respected. a) William Bonner is an eminent journalist in Brazil. b) Not even the most eminent doctors in the country could cure Mr. Powell, who succumbed to cancer a couple of months ago. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A FLOP (n) (informal): failure. a) The meeting held yesterday was a complete flop. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ HONOUR ROLL: a list of elementary or secondary school pupils whose grades are above a specific average during a semester or school year. • make the honour roll. a) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INFIGHTING (n): often cruel competition between colleagues or rivals; disagreement which goes on between close members of a group. a) Despite the common political infighting, our authorities protect one another whenever one of them is prosecuted for corruption. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INQUIRE (verb): to ask. (not followed by a noun or pronoun). • inquiry (noun) a) The officers will set up an inquiry into the businessman’s kidnapping. b) Mom has just called the store to inquire when the new TV set will be delivered. c) The City Hall has been getting lots of inquiries about the new transportation system. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ LOAF (AROUND): to spend time idly. a) Peter loafed around the house all day and did none of his homework. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ODDLY ENOUGH: strangely; different in nature from what is ordinary, usual or expected. a) Oddly enough, some students attend classes, but do not study. b) Ben and I hung out for quite a while last night and, oddly enough, he didn’t mention he was moving away from town. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ OUTDO / OUTDID / OUTDONE: to do better than somebody else. a) Pam gave a pretty fancy fifteenth birthday party. Not to be outdone, her younger sister even hired a band to perform live at hers.
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b) When it comes to customer care, small businesses can outdo the big ones. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ PEAK: to reach the highest level. a) Most soccer players peak in their early twenties. b) Stores are open longer hours at the end of the year because sales peak on Christmas. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ PITCH IN: to set to work with energy; to get busy with. a) The whole staff pitched in with the work to get it done in time. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ PRONE (adj.): likely to cause or suffer from something bad or harmful. a) Tired truck drivers are prone to cause accidents. b) Students who study until late at night and don’t rest enough before taking a test are prone to mistakes. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ RAISE MONEY: to collect money to do something, usually to help others. a) Lots of famous singers have gotten together to perform a concert in order to raise money for charity. b) The nuns are trying to raise funds to have the orphanage remodeled. c) _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ RASHLY: done hastily and without enough thought of the consequences. a) When my son got a ten in English, I rashly promised him a trip abroad. However, I don’t have enough money to afford it at present. b) When my older sister said she wanted to go out in the evening, I rashly offered to look after her kids. Then, I had to stay up until quite late because I could only finish my homework after the kids went to bed. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ REFRESHMENTS: food and drinks (small amounts) a) Refreshments will be provided at the break as the lectures last quite a long time. b) Mom makes sure she offers my classmates refreshments whenever they come over for us to do homework together. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ RESURGENCE: the return of ideas, beliefs, strength, etc. to a state of being active and noticeable. • resurgence of interest / energy • resurgent (adj.) a) There has been a resurgence of interest in politics by the Brazilians. Let’s hope this is a resurgent feeling of patriotism. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
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SHIFT BLAME / RESPONSIBILITY: to make somebody else responsible for something you should do, or have done. a) James tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues. b) After the trial, journalists commented that the defense lawyer’s speech was a clear attempt to shift the responsibility for the crime onto the victim. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ SPRINGBOARD (noun): something that gives you ideas to start an activity. a) The magazine article was a springboard for/to great discussion in class. b) The internship at the highly regarded law firm is likely to provide a springboard for/to a successful career as an attorney. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIN (n): condition of being stretched; exhaustion; fatigue; suffering from mental nervous stress. A state in which one is greatly in trouble by anxieties and difficulties. a) Jane is under a lot of strain at present. Besides preparing herself for the entrance exam to university, she has just broken up with her boyfriend and her mother is very ill. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ TAKE STOCK: to consider a situation carefully so as to make a decision. • stocktaking (noun) a) Heather’s recovery was a time for reflection and stocktaking. b) After spending a year abroad as an exchange student, Susie felt it was time to return home to take stock of her life. c) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ VENTURE (n): to expose to risk; to dare • to venture one’s fortune / one’s life / to say / “nothing ventured, nothing gained” • a business venture (noun) a) Phillip ventured his fortuned on a new business despite what his advisors had suggested. b) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A WHIZ (noun): someone who is very good and usually fast at something. • a whiz at math / crossword puzzles a) Lucy is a whiz at crossword puzzles because she has a wide range of vocabulary. b) ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
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Book II - Lesson 6
POINTS TO PONDER Write T for true and F for false after reading the statements below: ( ( ( ( ( ( (
) 01. Easy success may be damaging while failure can be beneficial. ) 02. Success is always worthwhile because it is very easy to achieve and costs very little. ) 03. Success in one area precludes failure in all the others. ) 04. A failure can become a growing experience and pave the way to success. ) 05. Parents who let their child experience failure and then help the kid master it are right. ) 06. Parents who work hard to prevent their child from experiencing failure are equally right. ) 07. In short: success is not worth trying to reach because, in many cases, it may be tiring, boring, harmful to your knowledge and even to your relationship with your relatives and friends.
QUESTIONS - Reading Comprehension 1. Can failure be salutary? 2. What’s the difference between “I’ve failed” and “I’m a failure?” 3. What does the author mean when he says “failure often brings with it a peculiar kind of freedom?” 4. Is it true that success in one area often precludes success in another? Support your answer. 5. When you get older, will you make an effort to reconcile your career ambitions with the needs of your family? 6. Does early success preclude kids and teenagers from getting a good education as well as from socializing? 7. Would you like to be a successful athlete or famous artist even if that meant missing certain joys of your teen years? 8. What kinds of success can be destructive? 9. Are highly successful people usually under a lot of pressure because they fear failure? Can they cope with rejection? 10. Have parents overprotected their kids so much lately that teachers no longer have the respect they used to have in the past? 11. Does everyone in the family pitch in to help you when you have to turn in an elaborate school assignment? 12. What may happen to a kid who is always prevented from failing? 13. Can you share any unpleasant experience which somehow made a positive contribution to your life? 14. Are students who always make the honor roll more likely to be outstanding professionals? 15. Have you ever started organizing an event and ended up not being able to handle all the work on your own? 16. Do you, like most people, tend to shift blame onto someone else when something goes wrong? 17. Is failure a better teacher than success?
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BOX 1 - SPECIAL DIFFERENCES • advice (UNCOUNTABLE noun) x advise (verb) - Rarely does Colin take the advice his parents give him because he believes he’s able to solve his problems by himself. - Colin’s parents had advised him not to quit college, yet he disregarded their opinion as usual. • at the beginning of… x in the beginning / at the end of… x in the end > at the beginning/end of the week/the year/the movie/the story - The couple broke up at the beginning of the month and made up at the end of last week. > In the beginning / in the end – at first / finally - In the beginning, Karen didn’t really like Stephen, but he grew on her after a while. - Josh complained so much about his teachers that, in the end, his mother gave in and let him change schools. • between x among > ‘between’ is used for two items > ‘among’ is used for more than two items - Sophie had a hard time choosing between the two wedding gowns the saleswoman showed her. - Greg is the oldest one among his cousins. • cook (noun) x cooker (noun) > cook (noun) – someone who knows how to cook well > cooker (noun) – the British word for ‘stove’ - The cook burned himself when he inadvertently touched the cooker. • especially x specially > ‘especially’ means ‘particularly’ - Kathy is keen on extreme sports, especially skydiving. > ‘specially’ means ‘for a particular purpose’ and is usually followed by a past participle - The house was specially designed for a disabled person. - The dress Fiona wore was specially made for that occasion. • every day (adverb of time) x everyday (adjective) - Thomas has gotten used to studying every day now that he’s a senior. > ‘everyday’ (adj.) - used or happening daily or regularly > everyday life / occurrence / conversation / use - Having their picture taken is an everyday occurrence in famous people’s lives. - Formal words are not usually used in everyday conversation.
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Book II - Lesson 6
• lie x lay > lie / lying / lay / lain – to have or put one’s body in a resting position on a surface. It’s an intransitive verb, which means it’s not followed by an object. - Sue reprimanded her son because he was lying on his bed chatting on his phone rather than working on his school project when she walked into his room. - The couple lay on the grass and gazed at the stars last night. > lay / laying / laid / laid – to put sb/sth in a certain position. It’s a transitive verb, which means it must be followed by an object. - Mark was laying flowers on his mother’s grave when his father got to the cemetery. - Pamela laid several dresses on her bed to pick out the one she would wear that night. • like x as > ‘like’ cannot be followed by a verb - Like Amy, I wouldn’t like to move away from my hometown. > ‘as’ should be followed by a verb - As Amy always says, it’s good to travel the world and come back to our hometown. • none x neither > ‘none’ is used for more than two items. It should be followed by a singular verb. - None of Sandy’s relatives knows the real reason behind her nervous breakdown. > ‘neither’ is used for two items. It should also be followed by a singular noun. - Neither of Clive’s parents is going to be able to attend his wedding. • so as to x so that > ‘so as to’ should be followed by a verb – so as to do sth - Michelle has been striving to get good grades so as to go on vacation as soon as possible. > ‘so that’ should be followed by a noun or pronoun – so that he/she/they… - Michelle has been striving to get good grades so that she can go on vacation as soon as possible.
Notes:
_________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
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BOX 2 - PREPOSITIONS 1. Fill in the blanks with the right preposition. If no preposition is needed, write an X: a) Francis spends most of her money ___________ presents for her grandchildren as she loves pampering them. b) Harry has cheated ___________ his wife with her sister. She never thought either of them could ever do something like that ___________ her! c) When Abigail’s house was robbed, her neighbors started a campaign to raise money so she could buy new stuff. She thought it was indeed considerate of them to do something like that ___________ her. d) George was ___________ the mall when he decided to buy a wedding ring ___________ his girlfriend. e) Robert spent his weekend watching movies ___________ HBO. He even lied ___________ his friends about being sick so as not to go out. f) As Jason has brought souvenirs from his trip ___________ his parents, he is going to invite them ___________ a dinner at his house tonight. g) Whether or not James is going to let his children go on a trip this vacation will depend ___________ their performance at school. h) Elizabeth has been married ___________ Philip since 1952. i) Kate saw ___________ TV that there is a shark which has been alive for over 400 years. j) Tim gets really vexed when people go to the movies and talk rather than pay attention ___________ the film. k) Everybody was dazzled when the birthday girl entered ___________ the ballroom. l) Sarah gets really mad ___________ her brother when he goes through her stuff. 2. Now make great sentences of 20 words using new vocabulary and the collocations above. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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BOX 3 - PHRASAL VERBS Match the phrasal verbs with the definitions below: a) Phoebe’s boyfriend said his battery had run out, yet she saw he was online at the time she was trying to reach him. His story just doesn’t add up. b) Mark broke off the engagement because his fiancée said she didn’t care for his parents. c) Several students came down with (the) mumps a while ago. d) Tracey has cut down on sweets in an attempt to lose some weight. e) It took us a long time to fill in / out all the forms at the Customs Office. (Br)
(Am)
f) Aaron told his former girlfriend’s closest friends all the mean things she had said about them to get back at her for having cheated on him. g) Thomas didn’t want to go to the ballet with his wife, but he gave in when he realized how badly she wanted to go. h) That store has been held up more than twice this month. i) Chris looks down on people who don’t have a college education. j) Drake looks up to his best friend due to his tenacity. k) When the teacher called William’s mother to talk about his misbehavior in class, the mother said she would look into that. l) Mandy ran into an old flame at the mall last night. ( ) to reduce the amount of something ( ) to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed because someone has forced or persuaded you to ( ) to get an illness ( ) to not provide a reasonable explanation for a situation (used in negatives) ( ) to take revenge ( ) to not like someone or something (used in negatives) ( ) to write information in blanks, as on a form ( ) to meet unexpectedly ( ) to rob ( ) to admire or respect someone ( ) to think that you are better than someone else, for example because you are more successful, or of a higher social class than they are ( ) to investigate
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BOX 4 - VERBS Present
130
past
past participle
1.
arise
_______________
arisen
2.
bear
bore
_______________
3.
beat
_______________
beaten
4.
become
became
_______________
5.
begin
_______________
begun
6.
bet
bet
_______________
7.
bite
_______________
bitten
8.
bleed
bled
_______________
9.
blow
_______________
blown
10.
break
broke
_______________
11.
bring
_______________
brought
12.
build
built
_______________
13.
buy
_______________
bought
14.
catch
caught
_______________
15.
choose
_______________
chosen
16.
cost
cost
_______________
17.
cut
_______________
cut
18.
deal
dealt
_______________
19.
dig
_______________
dug
20.
dive
dived / dove
_______________
21.
draw
_______________
drawn
22.
dream
dreamt / dreamed
_______________
23.
drink
_______________
drunk
24.
drive
drove
_______________
25.
fall
_______________
fallen
26.
feed
fed
_______________
Book II - Lesson 6
Present
past
past participle
27.
feel
_______________
felt
28.
fight
fought
_______________
29.
fill
_______________
filled
30.
find
found
_______________
31.
flee
_______________
fled
32.
fly
flew
_______________
33.
forbid
_______________
forbidden
34.
foresee
foresaw
_______________
35.
freeze
_______________
frozen
36.
grow
grew
_______________
37.
hang
_______________
hung
38.
hang
hanged
_______________
39.
hear
_______________
heard
40.
hide
hid
_______________
41.
hit
_______________
hit
42.
hold
held
_______________
43.
hurt
_______________
hurt
44.
keep
kept
_______________
45.
know
_______________
known
46.
lay
laid
_______________
47.
lead
_______________
led
48.
leave
left
_______________
49.
lend
_______________
lent
50.
let
let
_______________
51.
lie
_______________
lain
52.
mean
meant
_______________
53.
meet
_______________
met
54.
mislead
misled
_______________
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131
132
Present
past
past participle
55.
outdo
_______________
outdone
56.
pay
paid
_______________
57.
put
_______________
put
58.
quit
quit
_______________
59.
read
_______________
read
60.
ride
rode
_______________
61.
ring
_______________
rung
62.
rise
rose
_______________
63.
run
_______________
run
64.
seek
sought
_______________
65.
send
_______________
sent
66.
set
set
_______________
67.
shoot
_______________
shot
68.
show
showed
_______________
69.
shut
_______________
shut
70.
sing
sang
_______________
71.
sink
_______________
sunk
72.
sit
sat
_______________
73.
sleep
_______________
slept
74.
smell
smelt / smelled
_______________
75.
spend
_______________
spent
76.
split
split
_______________
77.
spread
_______________
spread
78.
stand
stood
_______________
79.
steal
_______________
stolen
80.
stink
stank/stunk
_______________
81.
strike
_______________
struck
82.
strive
strove
_______________
Book II - Lesson 6
Present
past
past participle
83.
swear
_______________
sworn
84.
sweep
swept
_______________
85.
swim
_______________
swum
86.
teach
taught
_______________
87.
tear
_______________
torn
88.
think
thought
_______________
89.
throw
_______________
thrown
90.
upset
upset
_______________
91.
wake
_______________
woken
92.
wear
wore
_______________
93.
weep
_______________
wept
94.
win
won
_______________
95.
write
_______________
written
96.
withdraw
withdrew
_______________
e end of Book II, You've made it to th ! d one to be proud of an t en hm is pl m co an amazing ac el you e tools that will prop You now possess th in d help you continue an s es tn ea gr e ev to achi h. ter fluency in Englis ea gr of t ui rs pu ur yo
We believe in you! Good
Book II - Lesson 6
luck!
133
Listening You will hear part of a radio interview with a swimming instructor. For questions 1- 10, complete the sentences.
Swimming Instructor 1. Paul works at a hotel in the __________________________. 2. He started his job in _____________________________. 3. He particularly likes meeting __________________________ there. 4. Paul isn’t interested in teaching ____________________________. 5. According to Paul, ____________________ of all adults can’t swim. 6. Paul’s students are afraid of going ______________________. 7. His students have to put their faces into a salad bowl and _______ _________________ below the surface. 8. The first thing they do in the pool is to ______________________ in the water with their faces down. 9. Paul thinks it’s essential to be ___________________ in the water. 10. Most people learn to swim after about ____________________.
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