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ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

Bandwidth Enhancement of Proximity-Fed Square-Ring Microstrip Antenna with Different Configurations Bhuvaneswari E1, Latha S2 PG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai2 Abstract: The broadband outline of double direct spellbound recieving wires requests exact wideband control of individual orthogonal transmitted polarizations. Double straight polarization includes two orthogonal straightly spellbound modes.

The reason for this work is to build the transmission capacity and pick up by decreasing the higher request modes of radiation. All these prerequisites can be satisfied by microstrip patch antenna. The Proximity coupling feed is favored for the recieving wire outline. The higher order modes produced with the cross polarization, prompts the diminishment in transfer speed. The nature of polarization is identified with the inalienable confinement between the two orthogonal modes.

This disengagement is thus subject to the radio wire Q and excitation geometry. In this extend the transmission capacity is expanded by presenting the opening cuts in the patch and the parasitic components close to the emanating patch. The space alters the surface current circulation headings accordingly prompting a broadside radiation design over the whole transfer speed. Low dielectric consistent substrate is favored since it gives greatest radiation. The Microstrip Antenna outline is recreated utilizing Ansoft HFSS programming. The recieving wire displays wideband qualities at the higher iterations.

Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna; broadside radiation; proximity coupling; higher order modes any case, a reasonable portrayal of the modes at each of the I. INTRODUCTION frequencies, and plots utilizing that formulation of computed Amongst the different broadband systems for the frequencies as capacities of the mimicked and measured microstrip reception apparatus (MSA) – multi results were not given. By considering the resonance curve resonator/parasitic coupling in both planar and also in plots, surface-current conveyances, and radiation-design stacked configurations, gap coupling, vicinity or plots, the broadband reaction in opening cut rectangular electromagnetic coupling, and so forth proximity coupling is microstrip radio wires was broke down. It was watched that favored, as it is less difficult to execute for thicker the opening does not present any extra mode, however substrates. All the more generally, the transfer speed (BW) decreases the orthogonal second-request mode reverberation of a microstrip radio wire is expanded by cutting an opening recurrence of the patch and, alongside the crucial mode, and inside the patch. There is a general comprehension that the yields a broadband reaction.

In this paper, the first central and higher-request opening presents an extra mode close to the principal patch mode when the length of the opening either meets a half- modes of a square-ring microstrip reception apparatus are wave or a quarter-wave in length. The slot-cut microstrip examined. To build its data transfer capacity and increase in antenna estimation does not give exact results. An gain, systems for example, slot and gap coupling are much investigation to study the impacts of a U- space on the of the time utilized. A square-ring microstrip reception broadband what's more double band reactions in a apparatus cut with a sustained pair of rectangular openings is rectangular microstrip radio wire was accounted. Four proposed. The investigation to study the impacts of the thunderous modes were seen in that configuration. The openings on the principal and higher-request modes of the inexact equations for those modes regarding the ring patch is exhibited. To further build the transfer speed, measurements of the U-space and the patch were given. In the square-ring microstrip radio wire was partitioned

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ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

similarly into two C-molded microstrip reception apparatuses (making it a hole coupled configuration), and further modified by cutting a rectangular space of unequal length inside each of the C-formed microstrip recieving wires. The opening diminishes the TM10 mode reverberation frequencies of the individual C-molded patches and, alongside the TM10 modes, yields a broadband reaction.

To expand and increase the data transmission of the square-ring microstrip radio wire cut with a couple of spaces, a crevice coupled configuration with parasitic square-ring microstrip radio wires coupled along the two direction hub is proposed. This configuration yielded a data transmission of more than 400 MHz with a top increase near to 9 dBi. Moreover, a couple of rectangular spaces were cut on the edge of the square-ring microstrip antennas that were hole coupled along the flat pivot. This configuration gave a data transfer capacity of more than 500 MHz with a crest increase of 9 dBi. All these square-ring microstrip recieving wires were upgraded on air substrates, to acknowledge greatest radiation efficiencies.

II. RELATED WORKS This authors Greg H. Huff, Kankan H. Pan, and Jennifer T. Bernhard deals with “Analysis and Design of Broad-Band Single-Layer Rectangular U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antennas”, Steven Weigand, Member, This article creates standard outline systems through examination of the structure's numerous thunderous frequencies and the radiation and impedance properties of distinctive radio wire geometries. A wide working transfer speed for a solitary layer coaxially nourished rectangular microstrip patch radio wire has been seen by cutting a U-molded space on the patch. It is dissected that the substrate thickness and the feed point position stay essential figures attaining to broadband recurrence operation. The birth places of the structure's numerous resounding frequencies, which can likewise be consolidated to create a broadband recurrence reaction. In the article, “Investigation on the EM-Coupled Stacked Square Ring Antennas with Ultra-Thin Spacing”, by author Saeed I.Latif, and Lotfollah Shafai., Stacked electromagnetically coupled square ring recieving wires with greatly thin dispersing are concentrated on. The partition between rings is kept little so they don't expand the general reception apparatus, yet can give multiband operation. The coupling impacts among these nearly set rings are mulled over taking into account substrate parameters so they can be for all intents and purposes executed utilizing monetarily

accessible microwave substrates. It is watched that with a hilter kilter plan of the stacked rings, distinctive polarizations can be acquired for diverse resonances. In request to have a fixed polarization at all resonances, a concentric course of action of the rings is given. For this situation, a symmetric feed line can give low crosspolarization at all working frequencies. Contingent upon the food line introduction, direct polarizations (vertical or level) can be acquired for both lopsided and symmetric game planned. In this article titled “Reconfigurable Square-Ring Microstrip Antenna”, by authors Jia-Fu Tsai and Jeen Sheen Row. With the double sustain instrument, two orthogonal modes are separately energized with same reverberation recurrence. A double encourage gives one direct polarization and two roundabout polarizations at a specific recurrence.

The model outlined can be exchanged among one straight polarization and two orthogonal modes. The radio wire configuration can be connected to the Switched differing qualities framework which is a low unpredictability answer for multipath blurring moderation.

III. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 3.1 Proximity-Fed Antenna The reason for this work is to expand the transfer speed and pick up by diminishing the higher request modes of radiation. The Proximity coupling feed is favored for the radio wire plan, as it is used to actualize for thicker substrates. The transfer speed of the microstrip recieving wire is expanded by cutting the space inside the patch. The cutting of spaces inside the patch offers climb to diverse subordinate arrangements. The capacity of the setup is dissected through the major and higher request modes of the microstrip recieving wires. The higher request modes produced with the cross polarization, prompts the lessening in data transmission. This impact can be lessened by the opening structure inside the patch and the parasitic components close to the transmitting patch. The space alters the surface current headings therefore prompting a broadside radiation design over the whole transfer speed.

In this part, the outline parameters and results for a Proximity-encouraged Square-Ring microstrip patch reception apparatus in HFSS programming is clarified and the outcomes acquired from the reproductions are showed.

The microstrip patch outline is accomplished by utilizing closeness nourish system. The configuration strategy is made by cutting openings in the patch. For the estimations, the recieving wire was planned utilizing a copper plate having a limited thickness. It was backed in air utilizing

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ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

froth spacers, which were put towards the reception apparatus' corners.

3.2 Antenna Design Parameters In order for the antenna to operate under the fundamental mode, Frequency of operation (fr), Dielectric constant of the substrate (Îľr), Height of dielectric substrate (h) should be defined for effective design calculations.

3.2.1 Dielectric Constant The dielectric constant of substrate material plays an important role in the patch antenna design. A substrate with a high dielectric constant reduces the dimensions of the antenna but it also affects the antenna performance. So, there is a trade-off between size and performance of patch antenna. The expression for effective dielectric is given by,

3.2.2 Length Extended length equation:

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The broadband Structure of the design is achieved by adding parasitic elements to the narrowband structure.

The ground is extended to the entire structure for the effective increase of gain and bandwidth. The restricted band structure of the radio wire outline is made by cutting spaces around the transmitting patch. The rectangular opening cut structure expands the surface current appropriation.

is calculated using the following

Fig. 4.1 Broadband Structure of the Antenna 0.00 Name

The actual length of the patch is given by:

X

Y

Curve Info

m1

0.9467 -13.6178

m2

1.0400 -13.1538

dB(S(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

m3 -2.50 1.1733 -16.9894

The effective length is thus calculated by: 3.2.3 Width For effective radiation, the antenna width is calculated by:

d B (S (1 ,1 ))

-5.00

-7.50

-10.00

-12.50

m2 m1

-15.00 m3

3.2.4 Ground Plane Essentially the transmission line model is applicable to an infinite ground plane only. However, it has been shown that a finite ground plane can be used for if the ground plane is 6 times larger than the height of the dielectric substrate plus the used length or width. The ground plane can now be calculated as: W8=6.h+W L8=6.h+L

-17.50 0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40 Freq [GHz]

1.60

1.80

2.00

Fig 4.2 Return Loss vs. Frequency

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ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015 350.00

Curve Info im(Z(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

300.00

re(Z(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep

250.00

200.00

in portable correspondences around 1GHz-2GHz recurrence band. The broadband Microstrip Antenna configuration recreated utilizing HFSS will be manufactured and their attributes like Return Loss, VSWR, Gain, Radiation design, Smith graph are measured utilizing Network Analyzer.

150.00 Y1

REFERENCES 100.00

[1]. Amit A. Deshmukh1 and K. P. Ray2, “Broadband ProximityFed Modified Rectangular Microstrip Antennas’’, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, AP- 53, No. 5, October 2011.

50.00

0.00

-50.00

-100.00 0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40 Freq [GHz]

1.60

1.80

2.00

Fig. 4.3 Impedance vs. Frequency 35.00

Curve Info Name

30.00

X

VSWR(1) Setup1 : Sw eep

Y

m1

0.9467 1.5269

m2

1.0400 1.5639

m3

1.1733 1.3294

[2]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Second Edition, New York, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [3]. Chandan K.Ghosh, and Susanta K.Parui,“Cross-Polarization Reduction of E-Shaped Microstrip Array using Spiral-Ring Resonator”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 38, 217–227, 2013.

[4]. Jia-Fu Tsai and Jeen-Sheen Row, “Reconfigurable Square-Ring Microstrip Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-61, NO.5, MAY2013.

25.00

V S W R (1 )

20.00

[5]. Kai Fang Lee1, Shing Lung Steven Yang1, Ahmed A. Kishk1, and Kwai Man Lu, “The Versatile U-Slot Patch Antenna”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 52, No.1, February 2010.

15.00

10.00

5.00 m1

m2

m3

0.00 0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40 Freq [GHz]

1.60

1.80

2.00

Fig 4.4 Voltage Standing wave Ratio

V. CONCLUSION The proximity-fed square-ring microstrip reception apparatus and its subsidiary arrangements were exhibited for improved bandwidth and increase in gain. A parametric study to break down the impacts of the opening was displayed. The opening changes the reverberation recurrence of the higher-request orthogonal modes of the ring patch and, alongside the principal mode; it yields a more extensive data transmission. The opening likewise changes the bearings of the surface ebbs and flows on the patch, and reorients the surface momentums in the same headings as those of the ebbs and flows for the crucial mode. This gives wide side radiation- design qualities over the complete transmission capacity. At 1.04GHz and 1.17GHz Return Loss of about -13.15dB and -16.98dB were acquired separately. Because of the expanded data transfer capacity and addition of the proposed designs of the ring microstrip recieving wire, these arrangements can discover applications

[6]. Kin-Fai Tong, Member, IEEE, and Jingjing Huang, “New Proximity Coupled Feeding Method for Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Microstrip Ring Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, VOL. 56, NO. 7, JULY 2008.

[7]. Asst. Lect. Malik J. Farha and Zaid A. Abed “Bandwidth Improvement of Microstrip Antenna Resonator Elements with Stacked Geometry”, Engineering and Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, ISSN 1813-7822

Al-Hussein, Using Multi Journal of Des (2009)

[8]. Naftali Herscovici, “A Wide-Band Single Layer Patch Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, April 1998, pp.471-474.

[9]. G.C Nwalozie, C.C Okezie, S.U Ufoaroh, S.U Nnebe , “Design and Performance Optimization of a Microstrip Antenna”, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013.

[10]. Pedram Moosavi Bafrooei and Lotfollah Shafai, “Characteristics of Single and Double Layer Microstrip Square-Ring Antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP-47, No. 10, October1999.

[11]. Saeed I.Latif, and Lotfollah Shafai, “Investigation on the EMCoupled Stacked Square Ring Antennas With Ultrathin Spacing’’, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, VOL.59,NO.11,NOV2011,pp.3978-3990Vol. 52, No.1, February 2010.

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