Review on Smart phones Expanding possibilities

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e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426

Review on Smart phones Expanding possibilities Abhishek Sharma1, Ramanpreet Kaur2, Assistant Professor Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technologies, Baddi, India 1 abhisharmaec002@gmail.com, 2ramanpreet@baddiuniv.ac.in

Abstract— Smart phones and the social media has resulted in the expansion of this universe in the 21st century. The use of smart phones from the past few years has increased over the globe. We are able to collect information in an easier and faster way than before. An approximation of about 4 billion of smart phones can be made all over the globe. Many of them reside in the hands of rickshaw drivers, market vendors and those people who've historically lacked to access the opportunity of getting education. Smart phones have become a great leveler and no deny that we should use them together to lift people out of poverty and give them a freedom they want. Also we have evolved from the "brick" mobiles to "touch screen" phones. It is quite a surprise about the extent of development a smart phone in accordance with the latest trends. This paper covers the aspects to be considered while considering a smart phone and taking the most out of it.

a best choice especially to the one who is new to the smart phone world, one has to get into research to make a choice.

Keywords— Touch screen, PC, Android, iOs, Windows, Qualcomm, Mediatek, Retina.

1. INTRODUCTION In the recent trends a smart phone [1] is capable of doing all the things a PC is capable of. These have revolutionized the modern world by providing mobility and much more. A smart phone supports has a high resolution touch display, Wi-Fi connectivity, web browsing capabilities and ability to adapt sophisticated applications. Also these support a variety of mobile operating systems: Android, iOs, Windows etc. Today's smart phones are expected to have a wider display with great viewing angles, better camera not to forget the selfie cam, a powerful CPU, more internal on board memory, more RAM, greater connectivity options.

High end smart phones now possess powerful processors built by leading chipset manufacturers like Qualcomm, Mediatek, Intel powered by hyper threading technology coupled with low power consumption. The earlier smart phones used LCD TFT display but due to the recent advancement today's smart phones have Retina displays and capacitive displays that also support multi touch finger gestures hereby enhancing the overall user experience.

Most of the smart phones even the low end devices incorporate some sort of audio video recording capability along with a built in camera for taking pictures .Ability of the smart phones to run computer programs called apps is the biggest feature. These apps are available at the dedicated app stores free of cost or at a nominal price.[2] These apps are able to perform a variety of functions like monitoring heart rates, blood sugar levels ,access to online shopping stores, range of documents. When it comes to the basic feature these all smart phones have the same core functionality. That is their ability to act as a communication device. However with all of the advanced functionality of smart phones it becomes difficult to make BUEST, Baddi

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Figure 1.1:Mobile, Tablet and Smart phone usage

Research analysis by the ACMA [3] state that an estimate of about 92 percent of adult population, aged 18 years and over used a mobile phone at May 2012. Mobile was used comparative low of 77 percent for people aged 65 years and over to a high of 99 percent for those aged 18–24 years.

This paper can be considered as an interactive smart phone buying guide so as to help the consumer to make a better choice.

2. PARAMETERS A. Display (i) Resolution [4] It is also known as the pixel count. It is the way used by the manufacturers to determine the quality of the screen.

It is the total no. of pixels present on the entire screen.

Higher the resolution better is the screen.

Higher Resolution Screens These are capable of displaying website/image contents more effectively thereby reducing the need of scrolling and enable HD video formats (720p or 1080p) Lower Resolution Screens These are not able to play most of the HD video formats and increase the need to scroll while viewing image/website contents. (ii) Screen Technology 274

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Smartphone manufacturers use 3 different types of display technologies.[5] Most popular is Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD). They are less costly and are easy to manufacture. They work well in indoor light but they are barely visible outdoors even at the maximum brightness of the screen. These have low refresh rates and tend to flicker.

In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Display which are considered as the advanced version of the TFT-LCD technology. These have far better viewing angles and display is visible outdoors also. These also have less power consumption than the conventional TFT-LCD display and results in less heating of the device.

Super Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (Super amoled) [4] is the best display technology available in the market. These are light weighted and durable and have a wide viewing angles and less reflection. These have high screen refresh rate and are compatible for watching movies and HD videos. It is the most costly display available in the market.

Few years back digital cameras were introduced in the market which became an immediate hit, they became more popular manufacturers came out with even more sophisticated cameras with higher resolutions and pixel count as the emergence of smart phones cameras were incorporated with them. This all started with Sony introducing Sony cybershot in its handset and after that the level of development that has taken place we are already aware of. Important parameters to be kept for a smart phone's camera are described:

(iii) Screen Protection Technology The feeling of dropping a phone and breaking the screen is all too common. That is why lead to the emergence of screen protection technology. They protect the smart phone's screen from minor falls and scratches.

(ii) Flash Xenon Flash Xenon flash is capable of producing an extremely intense full-spectrum white light for a very short duration. These are far better than the LED flashes that also come in today's smart phones. The performance of xenon flash is completely dependent upon the size of the condenser used to power it up.

LED Flash LED flashes have an advantage when used as a constant light source for video recording and when some illumination is required is still photos. LEDs are based on the semiconductor based diodes. Led flash light works upon the basic diode conduction principle. These are the most widely used in today's smart phones and has a version called dual led flashes in some of the phones.

Corning Gorilla Glass Most widely used is mid range and high end smart phones .It is chemically strengthened through ion-exchange process that creates a deep compression layer on the screen's surface. It acts as armour for the smart phone's screen.[6] Depending on the manufacturer it can be produced in thickness ranging from 0.4mm to 2mm. It is able to produce glass with clean, smooth, flat surface and outstanding optical clarity.

Dragon Trail Dragon trail is manufactured by ASAHI GLASS Corp. It is an alkali alumina silicate sheet glass which provides a combination of thin ,light and damage resistive screen.

Material has high strength allowing thin glass without fragility and hardness.[7] Although this is less popular than the corrning gorilla glass.

Table 2.1: Comparison of screen protection technology Feature Gorilla Glass Dragon Tail Glass Manufacturer Corning from Asahi from Japan USA Type alkalialumina alkali-alumina silicate sheet glass silicate sheet glass Hardness 622 to 701 595 to 673 Versions Gorilla Glass 2, 3, Dragon tail Glass 4 Applications

Manufacturing Process Properties

B. Camera

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Smart phones, Laptops, Tablets Ion-Exchange Method

Smart phones, Tablets Float Process

Scratch resistive

Scratch resistive

(i) Camera Resolution Cameras with higher resolutions are capable of taking detailed photos which look sharp on large screens and also quality doesn't seem to degrade while the user zoom the images.

Threshold:>5MP Cameras with less resolution usually the VGA cameras produce photos that don't look sharp on a large screen.

Threshold:<5MP

(iii) Image Stabilization Optical image stabilization is considered as a highly effective method of optically minimizing blurring of photos/videos caused by shakes that occur during taking photos. It has another category known as the Electronic image stabilization which is a less effective and familiar method to electronically minimize blurring of photos/videos during capture.

C. HARDWARE CPU Processors [8] are known to be powerhouse of the smart phones. They are the brain of the smart phone and manage tasks such as opening an app. More the number of cores more smoothly tasks will be executed.

About 85% of the processor holding are based on the architecture and design created by a company called ARM. ARM is responsible for providing a processors architecture and chip design for many different manufactures including that of the Qualcomm and Mediatek who in turn produce customized versions of the design to fit their own products.

Remaining 15% of the smart phones processors are based on design introduced by the Intel Corporation. It is commonly known as the x86 platforms. Chips that are based on x86 design are currently manufactured by INTEL

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and AMD. Intel processors are based on the Hyper threading Technology.[9] Intel HT Technology allows the processor to be used more efficient, enabling multiple threads of the processes to run on each core. This increases the processor throughput thus improving overall performance on threaded software.

Some of the top smart phone processor giants are: QUALCOMM Qualcomm Snapdragon series is the most significant and efficient mode of processing in smart phone processing.

These are basically designed to enable the devices to switch from app to app seamlessly, thereby allowing breathtaking download speeds and play the hottest set of games. Not to worry about the battery of the smart phone Snapdragon is designed to work in an energy efficient way.

This is what really happens when your device has the heart of a dragon.

Each one of the snapdragon series processors is specifically designed to enable best in class mobile experience with all day battery life.

Blazing fast Snapdragons combined with the 4G LTE adds a charm, indoor and outdoor navigation and support for latest WIFI and BLUETOOTH are all enabled by Snapdragon processors .Now the question arises which snapdragon processor is right for you?

Snapdragon 800 series Snapdragon 800 series is the latest processors manufactured by the QUALCOMM which is a major step in performance and power efficiency. These feature a nextgen technology such as 4G LTE and Ultra HD videos.

Features:  Video-Capture Ultra HD video  Camera- up to 21 megapixel photos  Audio-HD audio with DTS-HD and Dolby®  Battery Life-Quick Charge™ 2.0 integrated for up to 75% faster battery charging*  CPU-Quad-core Qualcomm® Krait™ 400 CPU at up to 2.3 GHz per core  GPU-Qualcomm® ADRENO™ 330 GPU Snapdragon 600 Series These are designed to deliver outstanding performance for the coolest apps that are available in the market, fast web browsing experience, seamless connectivity and greater life for the mid range segment of smart phones and tablets.

Features:  Display- high-resolution display devices (up to 2048x1536)and even on 1080p external displays  Camera-Take 3D photos with 21 megapixel stereoscopic camera support  Battery Life-Qualcomm® Quick Charge™ 1.0 integrated for up to 40% faster battery charging*  CPU-Up to 1.9 GHz quad-core Qualcomm® Krait™ 300 CPU  GPU-Qualcomm® ADRENO™ 320 GPU MEDIATEK MEDIATEK is a semiconductor chip manufacturer that provides chip solutions for the smart phones, tablets, HDTV and BLUERAY. The company is founded at Taiwan and is classed as the 4th largest IC designer firm.

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MEDIATEK processors when incorporated in the smart phone devices deliver true OCTA core performance with fully scalable performance and excellent performance.

MEDAITEK's most widely used processors make models are described below: MEDIATEK MT6592 MT6592 is a true OCTA core smart phone platform based on the energy efficient ARM architecture i.e. ARM CORTEX A7 processor. Based on 28nm High performance mobile processing technology this make model delivers a clock speed of about 2GHz.Mediatek processor also monitor temperature and power consumption values to ensure the optimum and seamless performance.

Features  OCTA-core (1.7GHz or 2GHz) ARM Cortex-A7 processor  ARM Mali GPU  UMTS / HSPA+ R8 / TD-SCDMA / EDGE / LTE  Dual-band 801.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth, GPS, FM receiver  Full HD display controller  16MP image signal-processor MEDIATEK MT6595 This make model is regarded as the world's first OCTA core 4G LTE chip with new ARM CORTEX A17 architecture with four high-performance Cortex-A17 and four energy efficient Cortex-A7 processors. MT6595 also features a 2560x1600 display controller and a 20MP camera support. Considering the wireless connectivity it offers Bluetooth 4.0,WIFI 802.11.

Features:  4x ARM Cortex-A17 processors & 4x ARM Cortex-A7 processors  Imagination Technologies POWERVR™ Series6 GPU  20MP image signal-processor  H.265 Ultra HD video record & playback MEDIATEK processor hogs battery and generates heats while heavy multitasking and gaming as far as the Snapdragon processors are concerned these allow the battery saving features but are available with few cores as compared to the MEDAITEK processors. [10] MEDIATEK processors have low cost of manufacturing in comparison to Qualcomm Snapdragon. MEDIATEK processors are mainly used in low cost devices originating from China be it for use in native country or for other brands such as MICROMAX that uses MEDIATEK processor whereas the smart phones using the Qualcomm snapdragon are much costlier. Apart from that MEDIATEK processors are degraded faster as compared to the snapdragon processors. A more detailed comparison of the two basic MEDIATEK and snapdragon processors are as follows: Table 2.2:Comparison of processor models MEDIATEK Qualcomm MT6589 MSM8228Q Resolution 1920x1080p 1200x800p Manufacturing 28nm 28nm process Chipset

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Architecture Frequency GPU Video Playback

Cortex A7 1.2 GHz per core POWERVRSGX 544 1080p

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Cortex A5 1 GHz per core ADRENO203 720p

GPU Graphics have always been an integral part of the overall mobile experience and that's why it has lead to the emergence of Graphic Processing Units [11] in smart phones. The GPU significantly helps by accelerating the rendering of complex geometries to meet a level of graphics performance required by trending most complex and realistic intensive games, transition interfaces, web browsers and other advanced graphics applications that make our superior GPU the powerhouse behind graphics.

While GPU has the listed features it lessens the work on the processor thereby producing faster video and graphics.

A smart phone GPU is similar to that of the various graphic cards variants that are found in PCs. Most of the users tend to ignore this feature of the smart phones. They just see few things in the name of specifications and ignore GPU. One thing becomes clear that GPU is very important for the smart phone devices.

One thing is already known that CPU components are primarily supplied by ARM but in the case of the GPU portions are manufactured by multiple vendors giving the flexibility to choose which GPU is suitable along with their CPU in their SOCs. Just like the CPUs GPUs also have multiple cores which allows the workload to divide in an efficient manner. Some most popular vendors of the GPUs: MALI Graphics Mali is a series of graphic processors produced by the most popular processor architecture manufacturer ARM. These chips do not have any built in display controller. This chip offers high performance in the smallest silicon area.

Products that are based on the Mali architecture are: MALI-450

QUALCOMM ADRENO Qualcomm manufactures Snapdragon [12] processors which include integrated, customized built in ADRENO GPUs. Emergence of the ADRENO GPUs allows developers to define console gaming in the smart phones.

These are widely used in the mid and high segment devices. ADRENO GPUs are specially optimized for battery optimization along with quality graphic rendering and faster frames per second. The GPUs significantly improves the complex levels of graphic a more realistic graphic experience to the user. The latest GPU powered by the Qualcomm is ADRENO 420 GPU: 1. ADRENO 420 GPU helps enable support for advanced quality of graphics as that of consoles and smooth UI transitions at up to Ultra HD resolution 2. Up to 40% graphics performance improvement over predecessor 3. Up to 20% power efficiency improvement over predecessor 4. Enables greater levels of detail for realistic scenes and objects in power efficient way that is ideal for mobile devices.

NVIDIA GEFORCE NVIDIA GEFORCE is well known for their graphic cards in the pc's and workstations. Now Nvidia develops its own SOCs that are powered by their GPUs which are commonly known by the name Nvidia Tegra. These are the quad core processors which delivers seamless performance in wide range of smart phones.

These are capable of delivering extreme multitasking, smooth web browsing experience faster than compared with the other GPUs. These GPU units supports 12 cores on a single GPU chip so the level of performance it can deliver is unthinkable.

RAM

ARM Mali 400 is an open GL ES 2.0 GPU for the SOCs. MALI 450 is primarily targeted for the tablets and smart phones with operating systems like android. It is a Quad core or fragment processor and a vertex processor. Its 2D and 3D performance is scalable to 1080p resolutions maintaining the power efficiency. It offers 4x Multi sampling with no performance drops and offers full support for 2D/3D graphic applications. It also has an 8KB-256KB L2 cache for optimization of the graphic traffic.

While comparing the performance of the smart phones, most of the users merely look at the processor or just the processor clock speed along the number of cores that it has. However there are many other factors that have an influence on performance of a smart phone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a key one being the amount of RAM. RAM: Quick Access, Super-Fast, Short-Term Memory RAM has a very vital role in any smart phone and tablet for ensuring the performance and stability factors of the device. RAM [13] has a huge effect on how smoothly the phone will run and it is certainly even more important than the speed of the processor and the number of cores. System that is running on the smart phone and the way it uses the RAM is very important for performance. Widgets and the apps are commonly used in the smart phones but they require RAM for their operation. If the RAM is available at the desired levels it can perform seamlessly otherwise results in system crashes. Optimum levels of RAM results in quick access of data as RAM holds the application data temporarily which is used by the CPU at constant intervals.

As an example consider the most widely used internet messaging service such as Whatsapp. This is required by the user at regular intervals of time. Whatsapp on account takes about 25-30MB of memory for its adequate operation. If this 25-30MB of memory need to be accessed

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The new mali-450 OCTA core, 8KB-512KB has L2 cache and supports 4x sampling with no performance drops.

It also supports 16x anti-aliasing features. A reference quad-core Mali-450 MP GPU with 256 Kb L2 cache has a size of 8.6 mm2 and is clocked at 240 MHz or 480 MHz. The new 450 chip is specifically targeted at the lower-end range of tablets and smart phones and can run 2K and 4K screen resolutions. Mali 450 takes the performance and power efficiency to a whole new level and makes the reuse of the available resources during the chipset's operation.

MALI-400

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from the internal or external storage it would take about 2 seconds to load the app from storage but it would become real annoying for the user if user to wait 2 seconds each time the user wants to send a message. To make the things real faster operating system makes the use of RAM by loading the regularly used app on RAM itself so it takes just a blink of eye to load the app from the RAM instead of storage which would result in less delay as compared to the earlier cases. This scenario was explained for a single app now considers 100 of apps to be run simultaneously so that would require a large amount of RAM. Due to this reason smart phones having maximum usable RAM are preferred.

An app which depends upon the RAM is not considered as a threat rather more apps in the RAM will boost the overall performance of the smart phone as the processor need not to load the app again from the storage and as mentioned retrieval of data from RAM is faster.

measured and determines how high the device is above the sea level which further improves the GPS accuracy. As the technology has improved the developers are concerning about the introduction of the sensors relating to health and fitness. One such sensor is the Pedometer that measures the number of steps taken by the user. This can also be achieved with the help accelerometers but a dedicated pedometer is more accurate and power efficient. Google Nexus devices are the first to get these sensors. The list of the sensors is incomplete without the Heart Rate Monitor Sensor that was introduced in the Samsung galaxy S5 which is made to measure pulse by detecting the minute pulsations of the blood vessels inside one's finger. Latest technology trends also introduced the use of biometric sensors namely Fingerprint sensors in the Apple's Iphone 5s and the HTC One Max. So the sensors are recommended in the smart phone buying experience.

D.SENSORS Many of the smart phone devices have in built sensors that are capable of measuring motion, orientation as well as the environmental conditions of the device. These sensors [14] provide raw data of high precision and accuracy and provide useful information regarding the device's movement or positioning in 3 dimensions. Consider the case when a user plays games on the device, gaming interface tracks some readings from the device gravity sensor to interpret the user's gestures and movements.

Starting with the Accelerometers measures the acceleration experienced by the smart phone relative to free fall.

Moving in any direction creates an effect in the accelerometer while if the device is flat the accelerometer remains in idle state. Accelerometer can also be used to determine the device's orientation along the three axes.

The next in the sensor lineup for a smart phone device is the Gyroscopes that is similar to that of the accelerometer but is more precise. It works along the accelerometer and detects rotation of the phone specifically in features like tilting of the phone while playing games. Another sensor which some of the smart phone possess is the Magnetometer which is able to detect the effect of magnetic fields. Magnetometers have special applications in compass applications for pointing the direction. Next we have the most common sensor that is common to all the smart phones devices is the Proximity Sensor which is formed by the combination of an infrared and IR light detector. It resides near the earpiece of the phone. A user can see proximity sensor in action when he places the handset near to the ears which lets the smart phone to know that the user is in a call and the screen is required to be turned off. A user might have noticed an Adaptive Brightness feature in the smart phone devices with the help of which device is able to increase or decrease the screen brightness automatically. It is measured with the help of another sensor termed as Light Sensor which measures the ambient brightness. It is detected by the sensor and the collected data used to automatically adjust the brightness level. When the ambient light is high the brightness of the screen is high and when it is dark the display brightness is dimmed down.

Some of the sensors are more centralized to high end smart phone devices known as the Barometer that can measure the atmospheric pressure. Data is constantly analyzed and

E.OPERATING SYSTEM Use of mobile phone has increased dramatically over the past years. Globally, if a usage comparison can be carried out among those PCs and mobile devices. Mobile devices have been known to be used approximately 3.5 times more than PCs. But cell phone in today’s society is not only considered a tool for making call and writing SMS, but it’s a personal asset which provides entertainment along with information. Today there should be nothing that users can access on their desktop that they can’t access on their cell phone devices. With the emergence of the various smart phones the battle of the operating system has just begun.

Many mobile operating systems are available in the market providing a wide and diverse range of features to the mobile users. Starting with the open source android operating system to the most secure iOs and the blackberry the user has a wide variety of the mobile operating system to choose from. Various operating systems have been developed just to accommodate the special technical requirements of the smart phones. [15]

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Figure 2.3: Market share of smart phone operating system GOOGLE's ANDROID

Google introduced a revolutionary mobile operating system on September 20th 2008 by the name "Astro".

Android’s new material design operating system known to be the Android lollipop other releases being Kitkat, jellybean, Ice Cream Sand witch. While a user is in android's rich interface user can enjoy full customization and more than 100,000 apps from the Play store. Google 278

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android is an open source operating system and allows heavy customizations and also too many applications are developed by the application developer. Google's Android has a beautiful interface along with large amount of transition effects. Google play store is the official app store for the android devices that allows variety of applications according to each specific requirement of the user.

Currently android is the top operating system in the market and is considered as a serious threat to the Apple's iOs. [16] As android is based on open source platform it allows the porting of the operating system into variety of smart phone devices produced by different manufacturers.

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phone devices. Satellite radio also performs the same function using orbiting satellites.

F.CONNECTIVITY Smart phones are generally inbuilt radios .[17] One of them is the Bluetooth which allows your Smartphone to communicate with other devices having Bluetooth in its coverage area. Another is the Wi-Fi provides which provides a wireless network that allows the Smartphone to connect to the internet via an Internet service provider.

Wireless Broadband radio usually 3G and 4G cellular networks connects the smart phones to the outside world with the help of cell towers. These technologies are widely used for initiating a communication between the smart

Bluetooth is low power and a short-range radio system that are inbuilt in all Smart phones on the chip. Bluetooth technology is designed to connect smart phones to the like to wireless headsets or to the other smart phone devices for sharing data .In the initials launches the Bluetooth suffered from major pairing problems and connection drops until the emergence of its latest version. Current working latest version of this technology is Bluetooth 4.0.This current module is more energy efficient which is designed for the devices that collects information very frequently at regular intervals which help in optimizing the battery life.

Bluetooth 4.0 also revolutionized personal fitness and health [18] market which are designed to track's user's daily life activities be it running, hiking or monitoring the heart rates.

Wi-Fi also known as 802.11a/b/g wireless is medium range radio technology that is embedded into every Smartphone in the market .It is primarily used to connect smart phone devices to local routers to access the Internet. The Wi-Fi standards have a wide range of transmission speeds supporting the live video sessions and streaming.

Accessing the internet on a smart phone using Wi-Fi has much advantage than the 3G cellular networks as it offers a faster data transfer speeds.

Wireless cellular networks [19] within the same generation have equivalent data transmission speeds as most of the cell phone companies in the in the same generation of cellular network it becomes increasingly important to compare company’s geographic coverage areas before you select a service provider. It is advisable best to avoid using a company whose service not extends to large coverage areas. Without proper coverage even the fastest network is useless.

Historical background: These evolutionary developments are grouped into generations – each generation being faster than the last.

The first generation cellular network was called 1G networks or Analog Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS).

These early phone systems used analog radio signals combined with a technology called “circuit switching” that required a dedicated data transmission path to rout calls around the world. The second generation of the cellular networks also called the 2G cellular networks were also based on circuit switching for transmission and reception.

The third generation cell phone systems called the 3G also used circuit switching for all voice calls but began used packet switching to transmit data. Fourth generation cellular network (aka 4G) is based on the Long Term Evolution and uses packet switching for both voice and data transmissions. Packet switching uses IP protocol to rout all its traffic over the internet. Worldwide Service The worldwide cell phone market is governed by a set of industry standards that insure that the phones manufacturers produce are compatible with the transmission technology the phone companies are deploying. Adherence to these standards allows phone calls to be seamlessly handed off from one company to another as you travel between coverage areas. If you travel internationally, it’s best to check to see if the countries you will be visiting use the same transmission technology as the Smartphone you are thinking of buying.

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iOS This mobile system is developed by the Apple Inc. and is specifically designed for the Apple hardware. This operating system can be found in today's iDevices that are manufactured by the Apple. The user interface of iOs is based upon the multi-touch gestures which include wipe, pinch, reverse pinch which have predefined functions in the operating system. Apple also has a dedicated store for downloading apps known as the iTunes through which it provides major operating system updates approximately once in a year. Current version of the Apple's iOs is iOs 8 so it definably deserves a faceoff with the Google android lollipop. Google's Android and Apple's iOS are the dedicated mobile operating systems with are specifically designed for the smart phone devices and tablets. Android is Linux based and is open sourced and offers more customizations from top to bottom. However iOs offers a much simple and secure interface to the user. While switching from operating system user needs to be Careful as user has to buy apps again.

Windows OS Microsoft is known for its operating system for the computer. Apart from the PCs Microsoft has started developing Microsoft smart phones after a tie-up between Microsoft and NOKIA. Microsoft now develops windows phones with a customized operating system specially dedicated to the windows phones. Windows operating system is a closed source and proprietary operating system.

Windows smart phones offers a Metro user interface with live tiles that constantly provide the information without opening the an app. The only limitation in the windows os that its limited application market. Microsoft also licenses the operating system to other manufacturers provided the manufacturer is having the minimum set of hardware required for the best mobile experience. Windows operating system has not gained much popularity as it is less user friendly interface in Asian countries.

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Some Smart phones are equipped with special radios that connect to orbiting satellites instead of cell towers.

Satellite phones are especially useful If you expect to travel to areas with spotty cell service, Satellite Smart phones are expensive. So are satellite service plans..

Other Specialty Radios: Some Smart phones come equipped with a built-in Mi-Fi router. These routers use the phone’s connection to its cellular data network to provide a Wi-Fi hot spot for nearby computers.

Although rare, some Smart phones come with a built-in FM receiver.

3. CONCLUSION We are already in the smart phone era has these devices pushing the limits day after day. The choices to the user are not limited to only some devices but the devices ranging from low end to the high end also for the different sections of the society which is only due to the efforts of the developers who are able to provide a rich smart phone experience to the user. This study is just an effort to cover the main things that a user needs to be concerned about during the purchase of a smart phone device so the money of the user is made to worth. So the study shows the various parameters that should be kept in mind before purchasing a smart phone so that the user ends up with the best available choice. The study shows the latest trends that are going in the market in terms of both the hardware and software. The paper covers important aspect of the smart phones that normal user might be unaware about. So this smart phone buying guide can help the user to get the most out of smart phone experience.

[11] M. Chaudhuri, SMARTPHONE HARDWARE: ANATOMY OF A HANDSET, 1st ed. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur: Massive open online courses for development, 2013.

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Available: https://www.qualcomm.com/products/snapdragon.

[13] D. Singh, 'What Does RAM and ROM means on your Smartphone and How does it Matter? » Gadgets To Use', Gadgets To Use, 2013.

[Online]. Available: http://gadgetstouse.com/gadget-tech/smartphoneram-rom-explained/9914.

[14] Stanford University, “Sensors and Cellphones”, [Online] Link: http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs75n/Sensors.pdf [15 ]c. street, Communications report 2011–12 series Report 3— Smartphones and tablets Take-up and use in Australia, 1st ed. australia: ACMA, 2015, pp. 9-12.

[16] Diffen.com, 'Android vs iOS - Difference and Comparison | Diffen', 2015.

[Online].

Available: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Android_vs_iOS. [17] S. Radicati, Mobile Statistics Report, 2014 -2018, 1st ed. PALO ALTO, CA, USA: THE RADICATI GROUP, INC, 2015 [18] Understanding today’s smartphone user, 1st ed. Informa Telecoms And Media, 2015.

[19] B. Bennett and googleplus, 'The power of Bluetooth 4.0: It'll change your life - CNET', CNET, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.cnet.com/news/the-power-of-bluetooth-4-0-itll-changeyour-life.

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BUEST, Baddi

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