IJEEE, Vol. 1, Issue 3 (June, 2014)
e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
REVIEW OF FRACTAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR X BAND 1
Amanpreet Kaur, 2Dr. Hardeep Singh Saini
1
Dept.of ECE, Indo Global College of Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India Associate Dean Academic, Indo Global College of Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
2
1
amanpreet_90@ymail.com
ABSTRACT: With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Fractal antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of microstrip patch antennas. This paper on fractal techniques for designing microstrip antenna exhibits details of fractal geometries developed to get multiband behavior of patch resonator antenna. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by fractal geometry on microstrip patch antenna for X band used for satellite communication and radar application are presented.
2
hardeep_saini17@yahoo.co.in
Koch curves and few generalizations of some of these are explored. II. FRACTAL GEOMETRY There are many fractal geometry that have been found to developing new design for antennas [1]. Fig. 1 shows some of these unique geometries. Most of these geometries are infinitely sub-divisible, with each division a copy of the parent. This special nature of these geometries has led to several interesting features uncommon With Euclidean geometry.
Key words: Fractals, Antenna design techniques, Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna, X band. I. INTRODUCTION In modern wireless communication system and increasing other wireless applications, wider bandwidth, is required, traditionally each antenna operates at a single frequency band, where a different antenna is needed for different application. Therefore large space is required for different antennas. In order to overcome this problem, multiband antenna can be used where a single antenna can operate at many frequency bands. So multiband behavior can be achieved by fractalizing the antenna. Fractal concepts have been increasingly applied to the design of various antennas in recent years because of their Self-similar characteristic and space-filling capability. Fractals were first defined by Benoit Mandelbort in 1975[1], [2]. There are various fractal geometries which have been investigated. These geometries have been used to characterize unique occurrences in pattern of nature that were difficult to define with Euclidean geometries like length of coastlines, the clouds density, and the tree’s branches. Many techniques have been reported to reduce the size of various antennas and to improve the frequency bandwidth [3]. And fractal geometries also provide the ability of multi-band properties [4]. It describes the class of complex geometries that are created through successive iteration of applying a geometric generator to a simple self similar basis. In this study, fractal geometries such as Sierpinski gasket, Hilbert curves, www.ijeee-apm.com
Fig. 1: Various Types of Fractals Used As Antenna
III. REVIEW A large number of Fractal Antenna design approaches have been proposed for wireless applications. The overgrowing body of the literature suggests the design of patch antenna using fractal techniques for X band. The purpose of the survey is donated to a remarkable growth of antenna design techniques in wireless communications A. OCTAGON SHAPED MICROSTRIP FRACTAL ANTENNA The presented antenna is design with new fractal geometry which is circle in octagon shaped [6]. This microstrip patch antenna has been designed for the X band applications. The antenna is capable of covering the 8GHz- 12GHz frequency band. It is observed that the third iteration of the fractal antenna exhibits good wideband characteristics, which can be used in wireless International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13