IJEEE, Vol. 1, Issue 4 (August, 2014)
e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
EFFECT OF VIDEO CLIPS ON MENTAL CONCENTRATION 1
Vivek Rana, 2Jaspal Singh, 3Arun Goyal
1,2
Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Railmajra, Punjab, India. 3 Thapar college of Engineering, Patiala,Punjab, India
1
ranavivek01@gmail.com,2jaspal_116@yahoo.co.in,3ag.goyalarun@gmail.com
Abstract- Neurofeedback (NF) training has revealed its therapeutically effects to treat a variety of neurological and psychological disorders, and has demonstrated its feasibility to improve certain cognitive aptitudes in healthy users. Although promising results of NF training exist in recent literature, the reliability of its effects remains questioned due to a lack of deep studies examining its impact on the human electrophysiology. This paper presents a NF training aimed at improving concentration performance in healthy users by the enhancement of alpha band and theta band. In this intervention was given( using video clips).Then baseline values were compared with post recording. Then features were compared on the related points using the MATLAB software. For this we used ICA(independent component analysis) for filtering out the required data from the default channel locations defined. After that we used WAVELET for feature extraction (frequency). Keywords-EEG, Independent Mental concentration, Wavelet.
component
analysis,
I. INTRODUCTION The objective of neurofeedback (NF) is to provide the users with operant control of their brain rhythms. Its basic principle consists of measuring the brain activity, decoding or identifying the brain patterns of interest, and then providing the user with feedback stimuli depending on the desired working levels of these rhythms. In NF systems the EEG is the most used recording technique since it is relatively cheap, portable, and has a low set-up cost. Several studies reveal that NF training has therapeutic effects to treat a variety of neurological and psychological disorders such as epilepsy [1], attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [2], and addictive disorders [3], among others. Furthermore, this training applied to healthy users has demonstrated its ability to improve certain cognitive aptitudes. Although behavioral effects of NF training in healthy users have been reported in many works (see [4] for an overview) there is a lack of deep studies examining the effects of NF on the human electrophysiology. In the recent work of Zoefel et al. [5] three main criteria have been proposed to validate a NF training protocol: (i) to assess whether the EEG patterns involved in the NF are trained (trainability); (ii) to asses whether other EEG patterns different from the trained ones are not modified (independence); and (iii) to train a brain pattern that is hypothesized to be related to a cognitive function in order to increment the probability of obtaining reliable behavioural results (interpretability)[7]. The above mentioned work provides solid results of NF www.ijeee-apm.com
by reporting trainability and independence, and cognitive improvement measured in a mental rotation test. In that study the NF training protocol aimed to enhance the upper alpha band. As we know alpha band , beta band and theta band are most important in humans for controlling[10] most of their brain activities. Higher the theta band higher the more relax the mind is and higher the alpha band more easily the brain can concentrate. Therefore we are trying to improve both the bands so that a person can easily concentrate on the task without any stress on his mind. This will enhance his working capability and he will complete his task more easily and efficiently then a person having stress on his mind. Moving on to the analysis of electroencephalographic rhythms, the study analyses the rhythms using wavelet package[9]. Wu Ting et. al. computed the feature extraction of EEG signals using wavelet package decopmposition (WPD)[6]. Similarly, another study also made use of wavelet to classify emotions. II. METHODS A. Participants Nineteen healthy graduates (12 of them were in training group and rest 7 in the control group) in technology participated in the experiment. Initially, all participants were given a detailed written summary of the experimental procedures. None of the participants reported neurological or psychiatric disorders or previous head injury that might affect the experiment. Further the experiment was done in laboratory with noise free environment, so that the students should not get effected by that unwanted noise. B. EEG recording Electrodes were attached on the participants’ scalp according to the international 10–20 system. The EEG signals were acquired at fourteen electrodes (AF3, AF4, F7, F8, F3, F4, FC5, FC6, T7, T8, P7, P8, O1 and O2). This recording was done using 14 channel device (EMOTIV EPOC). EEGs were amplified and filtered. EEG of every 1ms was acquired using device(which shows the continuity of the signal acquired). Subsequently, the energy of particular frequency bands, such as theta of 4-8, Hz, alpha of 8-12 Hz was calculated. This was done using DWT in matlab. The Ctrl group received EEG energy in several frequency bands in a random manner. C. Experimental procedure In this process 19 healthy students were taken(who were exhausted by repetition of the task). They were divided International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
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