Selective reject arq for identification error in frame data

Selective-Reject ARQ for Identification Error in Frame Data Ali Ikhwan1, Darsono Nababan2, Robbi Rahim3 1

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, 20371, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2 Departement of Information System, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medan, Jl. Imam Bonjol No.6, Medan, Indonesia, 3 Departement of Computer Engineering, Medan Institute of Technology, Jl. Gedung Arca No.52, Medan, Indonesia,

Abstract: Data communication is a common thing carried out in any process that involves the exchange of information in the network, sometimes during the communication process carried out there may be a errors because the information transmitted as a series of frames, to identify and control these errors need to use a mechanism by the name of ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request), in this mechanism, There are several techniques that can be used to control and correct the error frame but in this study using Selective Reject ARQ. Keyword: Error Transmission, Communication Process, Identify and Control, Frame Error, Automatic Repeat Request, Selective Reject I. INTRODUCTION Control of errors in communication always associated with a technique to detect, identify and correct any mistakes in the data transmission process (frame) when communication occurs [1]. Data sent when communication made in the form of a row of frames; the frames are handled by the current input first sent, and each frame that is transmitted changes before it reaches the receiver [1] [2] [3]. Errors that may occur is the loss of the frame so that the frame received by the receiver failed, and the destruction of several bits frame so that the frame that is discarded by the receiver, for controlling errors is to perform error detection, positive reply for each frame that is received, and retransmit when the time is up (source retransmit frames unanswered after a certain moment) as well as a negative reply and retransmission (returns a negative reply to the frame detected encountered an error. Sources retransmit the damaged frames) [4]. Error-control mechanism used in this study is the Selective-Reject ARQ. II. THEORY Basic usefulness of the communication system is running the exchange of data between the two parties [5] [1] [2]. An example is the exchange of voice signals between two phones on the same network.

Key elements of communication models [5] [1] [2] are: 1.

Source This tool generates data so that it can transmit, for example, a phone and a PC (Personal Computer).

2.

Transmitter (Sender) Often the data generated from the source system is not transmitted directly in its original form. A transmitter is quite moving, and marking information in the same way as generating signals electromagnetic that can transmit over multiple sequential transmission systems. For example, a modem duty to deliver a digital bit stream from a device that has already prepared such as a PC, and transform bit stream into an analog signal that can traverse over the telephone network.

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 03, Issue 1; January - 2017 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

3.

Transmission System (Transmission System) In the form of a single transmission line or a complex network that connects the source to the destination.

4.

Receiver (Receiver) The receiver receives signals from transportation system and incorporates it into a specific shape that can be captured by the goal. For example, a modem will receive an analog signal coming from the network or the transmission path and converting it into a digital bit streams.

5.

Destination (Destination) Capturing data generated by the receiver.

Source System

Source

Destination System

System Transmission

Transmitter

Receiver

Destination

Figure 1. Overview of Communication Model

Source and transmitter (sender) is part of the origin system, while the receiver (receiver) and the destination (goal) is part of the purpose, process of transmission/delivery of detailed data can be seen in the figure below, Analog signal

Digital bit stream

Source 1

Transmission System

Transmitter 2

Analog signal

3

Digital bit stream

Receiver 4

Destination 5

6

Figure 2. Details of the data transmission process

Think of it as the input device and the transmitter is a component of a PC, the user intends to send a message m to another user. Users activate the electronic mail program on the PC and enter the message via a keyboard (input device). A string of characters briefly detained in main memory. PC connected with some transmission medium, such as a local network or telephone network, through an i/o device (transmitter) in this case, a local network or modem transceiver. Data transfer to the transmitter as a series of voltage change which indicates bit - bit on the communication bus or cable. Transmitter connected directly to the media and changed the flow of the incoming signal can be transmitted [1] [2].

The transmitted signal is delivered to the media be subject to some disorders before it reaches the receiver. Thus, the received signal may be different from the source. The receiver will attempt to analyze the authenticity of the origin data, based on the received signal and knowledge of the media and produce a series of bits [6] [7] [3]. This bit is sent to the computer output, where bits - these bits briefly detained in memory. In some cases, the destination system will attempt to alert when an error

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 03, Issue 1; January - 2017 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

occurs and to cooperate further with the source system to finally get the data free of errors (error-free data). This data provided to the user via an output device, such as a printer or monitor. The user sees messages is usually a copy of the original message [8] [1] [2].

2.1 Data Link Control Data Link Control is the control layer on any communication device that provides functions such as flow control, error detection and error control [2] [6], communication between two transmission stations-receiver connection directly, there are several requirements for effective communication [2] [6]: 1. Frame synchronization: data sent in blocks called frames. The beginning and end of each frame must identify first.

2. Flow control: the sending station must not send frames at the rate/pace faster than the receiving station that can absorb it.

3. Error control: bits error generated by the transmission system must be improved.

4. Addressing: the multipoint line, the identity of the two stations that are within a transmission should be known.

5. Control and data on the same link: usually not desirable to have a separate communication path for control signals. Therefore, the receiver must be able to distinguish the control information from the transmitted data.

6. Link management: starters, maintenance, and termination of the exchange of data require coordination and cooperation among the stations.

2.2 Flow Control Flow Control is a process used to set the rate of data transmission between two nodes to avoid sending data too fast compared with the slow data reception [6] [9] [1] [2]. Flow Control is mainly used to avoid bottlenecks by adjusting the data rate or speed of data between the sending host and the receiving host. So node that accepts not flooded with data from transmission node for data that is sent too fast [6] [9] [1] [2].

2.3 Interruption of Transmission The biggest problem in designing a communications facility is a transmission disturbance [2]. For analog signals, transmission impairments introduced random effects that reduce the quality of information received and are likely to affect the clarity of the data. While digital signals, transmission impairments can cause bit errors at the receiver, in general, the interruption of transmission of the most significant are [1] [2]: 1.

Attenuation The signal strength decreases when the distance is too far through the transmission medium. For guided media, the decline regarding strength, or attenuation, generally follows the logarithm function.

2.

Distortion Delay Delay distortion is a normal phenomenon in guided media. Distortions caused by the fact that the speed of deployment of a medium guided past the signal with the frequency.

3.

Noise For an event transmitting data, the received signal will contain the signals are transmitted, modified by various distortions that occur through the transmission system, plus additional signals unwanted inserted somewhere between transmission and reception. Next, the signals are expected referred to as noise.

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2.4 Selective-Reject ARQ With selective-reject ARQ, frames are transmitted only frames that receive a negative reply, in this case, called SREJ or frames that his time is up. For example, when the frame 5 is received damaged, B sent SREJ 4, which means the frame 4 is not accepted. Furthermore, B continues to receive frames come in and hold them until 4 solid frames are received. In this case, B can put in place appropriate frame to be sent to the software at the higher layers [10] [11].

Selective-reject more efficient than the go-back-N, for selective-reject, minimize the number of retransmissions. In other words, the receiver must maintain a buffer as large as possible to save space for SREJ frame until the frame is broken in retransmission, and must contain logic to tuck back in the frame in the proper order. Also, the transmitter also requires more complex logic to be able to send frames out of sequence. Because of such complications, select-reject ARQ less widely used than the go-back-N ARQ [11].

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION This selective-reject ARQ method is similar to the method Go-back-N and Stop-and-Wait ARQ [5].

The difference is in the method; the frames are in retransmissions only frames that receive a negative reply (SREJ). When the frame n is received damaged, the receiver will send SREJ n, which means the frame n is not accepted. Next, the receiver continues to receive frames come in and hold them until n solid frame is received. To be clearer, consider the following example. For example, the window size = 7 frames and frame numbering starts from 0 to 7.

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 03, Issue 1; January - 2017 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

Receiver B

Source A 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

0

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

B sends RR3 (reply which states ready to accept F3), window borders and advance to the F3 and F2 window widened ahead because the window size = 7 frames.

RR

1

2

F0, F1 and F2 are well received, the window in front of the B shrunk to F3.

F2

A receiving RR3 and bounds forward in the front window and the window F3 F2 for widened front window size = 7 frames.

0

1

F1

After sending F0, F1 and F2, the window shrinks up in front of the F3.

0

0

F0

0

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

2 Lost

F3

*

After submitting F3, F4 and F5, the window shrinks up in front F6.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

F4 F5

2

B receives F4, not in accordance with the expected number is 3. B sends SREJ3, and still receive F4 and F5.

0

A SREJ3 receive and transmit F3, along with the next frame, F6, F7, F0 and F1 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

SR

2

F3 F6 F7 F0

After sending F1, D F2 advance window to the front.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

X3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

B receives the frame F3, F6, F7, F0 and F1 well, advancing the window and the window next to the F2.

F1

2

A not send frames, since no frames are within the limits of the window. A wait for a reply from B.

E

1

J3

0

Lost

*

2 RR

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

B sends RR2 (ready to receive a reply stating F2), window borders and forward in front of the F2 and F1 next to the wide window because the window size = 7 frames.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

Figure 3. Selective-Reject ARQ Process

This method is more efficient than the method Go-back-N ARQ, and this comparison still needs further research, because this approach minimizes the amount retransmissions. Disadvantages of this approach are the transmitter, and the receiver requires more complex logic to be able to send frames out of sequence and slipped back frame in the proper order. Because of such complications, Selective-Reject ARQ less widely used than the Go-back-N and Stop-and-Wait ARQ.

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IV. CONCLUSION Simple research performed on this paper provides another form of control error and mistake proofing in addition to the Stop-and-Wait and Go-Back-N, selective-reject ARQ can be controlling, identifying and fixing frame (data), as indicated by the error but processes do selective reject longer because the process will hold and wait for damaged frames to be sent back, the new inspection process continue and in terms of time this process is very long.

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[8] Shwetha D, Thontadharya H. J, Subramanya Bhat.M and Devaraju J.T, "Performance Analysis of ARQ Mechanism in WiMax Networks," International Journal of Computer Science & Communication Networks, vol. 1, no. 2, pp.

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[11] T. Ozugur, M. Naghshineh and P. Kermani, "Comparison of Go-Back-N and Selective Reject ARQ modes of HDLC over Half-duplex and Full-duplex IR Links and the Effects of Window Size and Processor Speed in Utilization," Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (Cat. No.98TH8361), vol. 2, pp. 708-712, 1998.

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