STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC-LESS REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Kemparaju C R 1, Ronald Reagon R2 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru-560103. Abstract: Our works by passively drawing in warm ambient air through the funnel (converging nozzle), which is fed into an aluminum pipe that’s been buried underground. This already starts to cool down the air before it's fed into coiled cooper pipe that’s been placed just above the water in the evaporation chamber. The evaporation process is helped along by a small, solar-powered fan. The water evaporating around pipe condenses on the coil, this condensed vapor absorbs the heat from the air which is flowing inside therefore chills the air inside, and this is then fed back underground before entering the refrigeration chamber. Key Words: Refrigeration chamber, Converging nozzle, Aluminum pipe I. INTRODUCTION Refrigeration may be defined as the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below that of the surroundings, the aim being to cool some product or space to the required temperature. One of the most important applications of refrigeration has been the preservation of perishable food products by storing them at low temperatures. Refrigeration systems are also used extensively for providing thermal comfort to human beings by means of air conditioning. Air Conditioning refers to the treatment of air so as to simultaneously control its temperature, moisture content, cleanliness, odour and circulation, as required by occupants, a process, or products in the space. The subject of refrigeration and air conditioning has evolved out of human need for food and comfort, and its history dates back to centuries. II. EARLIEST FORMS OF COOLING The seasonal harvesting of snow and ice is an ancient practice estimated to have begun earlier than 1000 B.C. A Chinese collection of lyrics from this time period known as the Shih king, describes religious ceremonies for filling and emptying ice cellars. However, little is known about the construction of these ice cellars or what the ice was used for. The next ancient society to harvest ice may have been the Jews according to the book of Proverbs, which reads, “As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to them who sent him.” Historians have interpreted this to mean that the Jews used ice to cool beverages rather than to preserve food. Other ancient cultures such as the Greeks and the Romans dug large snow pits insulated with grass, chaff, or branches of trees as cold storage. Like the Jews, the Greeks and Romans did not use ice and snow to preserve food, but primarily as a means to cool beverages. The Egyptians also developed methods to cool beverages, but in lieu of using ice to cool water, the Egyptians cooled water by putting boiling water in shallow earthen jars and placing them on the roofs of their houses at night. Slaves would moisten the outside of the jars and the resulting evaporation would cool the water. The ancient people of India used this same concept to produce ice. The Persians stored ice in a pit called a Yakhchal and may have been the first group of people to use cold storage to preserve food. In the Australian outback before a reliable electricity supply was available where the weather could be hot and dry, many farmers used a "Coolgardie safe". This consisted of a room with hessian "curtains" hanging from the ceiling soaked in water. The water would evaporate and thereby cool the hessian curtains
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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08;August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
and thereby the air circulating in the room. This would allow many perishables such as fruit butter and cured meats to be kept that would normally spoil in the heat. In olden days refrigeration was achieved by natural means such as the use of ice or evaporative cooling. III. SCOPE OF ELECTRIC-LESS REFRIGERATION: As we know to run a refrigeration system electric power is a must. The very saddening fact about electricity is that, according to IEA-Energy Access Database, out of 7 billion of population 1.3 billion people don’t have access to the electricity. Those 1.3 billion people still lives in dark. Among the basic necessities a man has for survival, food is the primary necessity for existence. For this very reason food preservation is of utmost importance. An estimated 25-50% of the world’s food goes to waste therefore it is very necessary to find a way to improve food storage globally. Food wastage: about 1/3 of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year; approximately 1.3 billion tones gets wasted, with this attempt to build a refrigeration system which would run without electricity, we can eliminate the food wastage to a reasonable extent. This refrigeration system could provide an economical yet efficient way of preserving food. With about 20% of world population having no access to electricity can use this refrigeration system to store and preserve their food. IV. ELECTRIC-LESS REFRIGERATION: It works by passively drawing in warm ambient air through the converging nozzle, which is fed into an aluminium pipe that’s been buried underground. This already starts to cool down the air before it's fed into coiled cooper pipe that’s been placed above the water in the evaporation chamber. The evaporation process is helped along by a small solar-powered fan. The water evaporating around pipe chills the air inside and this is then fed back underground before entering the refrigeration chamber.
Fig: Block Diagram of Electric less Refrigeration
The electric-less refrigeration system uses air as refrigerant (thermal conductivity of air 0.024 w/mk) COOLING STAGE There are 3 cooling stages involved in electric-less refrigeration system. They are a) INITIAL OR UNDERGROUND COOLING b) EVAPORATIVE COOLING c) STORAGE BOX V. OBJECTIVES: To achieve global food preservation economically and efficiently. To provide refrigeration to remote and in no power areas. To solve food spoilage issues in areas without reliable power. To provide eco-friendly refrigeration, unlike conventional refrigeration which uses toxic substances for refrigeration.
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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08;August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
VI. DESIGN OF ELECTRIC-LESS REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 3D CAD MODEL OF ELECTRIC-LESS REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CAD SNAPS OF COMPONENTS ALUMINIUM COIL
COPPER COIL
CONVERGING NOZZLE
EVAPORATION BOX
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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08;August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
STORAGE BOX
FINAL ASSEMBLY
VII.
EXPERIMENTATION AND ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATIONS DIAMETER OF ALUMINIUM PIPE 24 mm LENGTH OF ALUMINIUM PIPE USED - 3.6 m THICKNESS OF ALUMINIUM PIPE 1.6 mm DIAMETER OF COPPER COIL 6 mm LENGTH OF COPPER COIL USED 3.8 m THICKNESS OF COPPER COIL 0.8 mm TEMPERATURE DROP DUE TO INITIAL COOLING SL NO NOZZLE DIAMETER ROOM TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DROP
1
200 mm
30-33 degrees
5-6 degrees
2
250 mm
30-33 degrees
4-5 degrees
3
300 mm
30-33degrees
2-4 degrees
TEMPERATURE DROP DUE TO EVAPORATIVE COOLING SL NO NOZZLE DIAMETER ROOM TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DROP
1
200 mm
30- 33 degrees
18-20 degrees
2
250 mm
30-33 degrees
15-17 degrees
3
300 mm
30-33 degrees
14-17 degrees
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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08;August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
There is no instant temperature drop in the storage box. It took around 60-90 minutes to achieve a temperature of 8 degrees. We could achieve even more temperature drop with 100% insulation and without leakages. VIII. CONCLUSION The primary goal of this project is to identify a way to provide food preservation facility without the need of electricity. With this attempt to provide a refrigeration system which would work without electricity, we have achieved a considerable success and we are hoping that with further research on this topic would lead us to better and improved results It was a wonderful and learning experience for us while working on this project. This project took us through the various phases of project development and gave us real insight into the world of refrigeration. The joy of working and the thrill involved while tackling the various problems and challenges gave us a feel of developers industry. We enjoyed each and every bit of work we had put into this project. Without the support of our guide and our department this project would have not been possible. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A Review of Evaporative Cooling Technologies 111 O. Amer, R. Boukhanouf, and H. G. Ibrahim International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2015 International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, July 2013. ŠIJAET ISSN: 22311963 1313 Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 1313-1318 ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVERGENT DIVERGENT (C-D) NOZZLE Kunal Pansari, S.A.K Jilani Department of Mehanical Engineering Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda University Raipur (C.G.), India Annual ground temperature measurements at various depths Georgios Florides and Soteris Kalogirou Higher Technical Institute, P. O. Box 20423, Nicosia 2152, Cyprus Tel. +357-22-406466, Fax: +357-22-406480, Email: skalogir@spidernet.com.cy Gender: Males Paper reference code: 112s Report on Wind Chill Temperature and Extreme Heat Indices: Evaluation and Improvement Projects Numerical simulation of turbulent compressible flows in a C-D nozzle with different divergence angles Mohammad Hadi Hamedi Estakhrsar, Mehdi Jahromi* Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Performance of a Refrigeration Absorption Cycle Driven by Different Power Sources Sameh Alsaqoor1, Khaled S. AlQdah2* 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan 2Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, KSA Email: sameh@wp.pl, *dr.khaled_qdah@yahoo.com Soil Temperatures Regime at Ahmedabad Girja Sharan Professor Cummins-IIMA Lab Centre for Management in Agriculture Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Ratan Jadhav Project Officer
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