Survey on Routing Protocols in VANETs Shimaa Suliman Mahmoud1, Dr. Mohamed Abaker Hussein2 1, 2
Telecommunication Engineering,AlNeelain University,Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract:The vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is a new technology and particular class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network MANET with special characteristics. VANET provides a communication among vehicle and vehicle (V2V) or vehicle to road side infrastructure (V2I). Due to dynamic topology changing and frequent disconnection it is difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data. This paper gives an overview of various routing protocol proposed for VANETs in city and highway environments. I. INTRODUCTION Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a network without infrastructure and support a vehicle to vehicle communication which is called V2V and with infrastructure support vehicle to road side called V2I. It is autonomous & self-organizing wireless communication network, where the vehicles are considered as mobile nodes in VANET and sharing information with each other [12] . Generally the purpose of the VANETs is to provide traffic safety and provides the comfort application to drivers and passengers such as speed limit, parking, fuel station and media downloading [9]. Based on the standard of IEEE 802.11p, VANET has been considered as an important part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANET deploys the technique of dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) to enhance the driving safety and to comfort of drivers. The U.S. Federal Communication Commission FCC allocated 75 MHz of the DSRC spectrum at 5.9 GHz to be exclusively used for vehicle-to-vehicle and infrastructure-to-vehicle communications [13]. II. LITERATURE SURVEY A. Husain et al [1] Evaluated the performance of LAR protocol in Highway Scenario under varying metrics such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, average end-to-end delay, and normalized routing load by using ns2. And also using The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) based tool VanetMobiSim to order investigation realistic mobility model. The result showed that the LAR is dependent on node density and number of lanes. S. Jibhkate [2] studied the performance of OLSR and AODV under varying metrics such as end to end delay, throughput and packets delivery ratio for implements an efficient routing algorithm in highway and city scenarios by using NS2 simulator. The result showed the distance between the nodes affects the performance in highway scenario. Both AODV and OLSR are suitable for both city and highway scenarios. T. Song et al [3] proposed cluster based directional routing protocol for highway scenario and compared with AODV and GPSR protocols by using NS2 simulator. The result of simulation showed that CBDRP is outperformed from AODV and GPSR protocols. P. Singh et al [4] analyzed the performance of AODV, OLSR and DSR protocols for highway and city scenario by using SUMO and NS2 simulators. Packet Delivery Ratio and End To End delay are the metrics used for performance analysis of VANET protocol. The result of analysis is AODV had a best Packet Delivery Ratio from other protocols but had highest end to end delay this lead to be a good for sensitive information and the DSR For quick transmission due to low end to end delay. A. Husain and S.C. Sharma [5] analyzed the DREAM and LAR routing protocols in VANET under varying metrics such as PDR, routing overhead, delay, throughput and lost packet ratio by using NS-
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