Traffic management using low energy bluetooth technology by IJRTER

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT USING LOW ENERGY BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY Vinay B M S 1, Smt. Shashikala 2 1

P.G. Student, Department of CSE, BNMIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Associate Professor, Department of CSE, BNMIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Abstract: The large number of job opportunities in the city, constantly increases the population, in turn, the number of vehicles in a city also increases and it is difficult to manage traffic manually. In order to manage the traffic efficiently an automated system is required. The automated system is, designed to monitor the vehicular movement in each lane. The information is, sensed and sent to the nearby coordinators system to compare the information received. The lane, which has more vehicles, will get more time with go signal indication. Keywords: Bluetooth, Arduino Board, Motion sensor I. INTRODUCTION Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is, developed as a part of Bluetooth version 4.0. It is smaller and highly optimized version of basic Bluetooth technology. It is a backbone of Bluetooth technology, but practically, BLE has come from different family and it has different aim. BLE initially designed and developed by Nokia by the name Wibree, and later accepted by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). By the establishment, the main objective is to propose a radio standard having minimum possible utilization of energy, explicitly designed for lower price, less bandwidth, minimum energy, and less intricacy. In June 2010, Bluetooth SIG group introduces Bluetooth Low Energy with the version 4.0 specification. The specification had lot of controversies over the years. The first major update is Bluetooth version 4.1. On December 2013 it was released and that is the present available reference for those who are designing and developing products based on BLE technology. II. PROPOSED METHOD In the figure-1, shows there are five lanes and in each lane the traffic density keep changing throughout the day, this need to be handled dynamically. To handle dynamically the man power required is more thus it is automated in the proposed methodology. The maintaining traffic automatically, considers three main devices such as BLE device, Motion Sensors, and Arduino boards are placed at the each lanes of the road. Motion sensor are use to detect the vehicles from each lane and then transmit the vehicles information to the Arduino board, because sensors are build on the Arduino platform. The information received by the sensor is transmitted to the co-ordinator by using BLE device. On receiving the information about vehicles from all lanes through respective BLE devices, the co-ordinator node will process the data based on the received data and it generates the results to the respective lanes after completion of the process.

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08; August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

Figure 1: Traffic Signal Scenario

The maintaining traffic automatically, considers three main devices such as BLE device, Motion Sensors, and Arduino boards are placed at the each lanes of the road. Motion sensor are use to detect the vehicles from each lane and then transmit the vehicles information to the Arduino board, because sensors are build on the Arduino platform. The information received by the sensor is transmitted to the co-ordinator by using BLE device. On receiving the information about vehicles from all lanes through respective BLE devices, the co-ordinator node will process the data based on the received data and it generates the results to the respective lanes after completion of the process. III. IMPLEMENTATION A) Arduino Uno Board An Arduino Uno is a Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It is 8bit Microcontroller with 32 Bit flash memory, 2kb of SRAM and 1kb of EPROM for non volatile data. Microcontroller has 6 analog inputs, 14 digital input/output pins, 16MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, ICSP header, RESET Button, and power jack, internal architecture is shown below figure 2. ATmega328 microcontroller has 13 (0 to 13) digital input/output pin, one pin is used to set the mode function for configure the pins for input or output function. Digital read or digital write pin are used to perform read or write function. Here each pin operates at 5votls power supply. The pin no 13 is fixed for connect the built in LED.

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08; August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

Figure 2: Internal Architecture of ATmega328IC

Pin numbers 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 are used to perform pulse width modulation output via functional analog write function. PWM generate square wave at different duty cycles which is used to simulate analog outputs. Six analog input pins are available to perform input operation. Here each pin is measured between 0 to 5volts with 10bit resolution, by using AREF pin possible to change the upper range functions. B) The Interfacing Sensor and HC-05 with Arduino MCU The motion sensor and Bluetooth HC-05 device are connected to the Arduino microcontroller. Motion sensor has three pins such as GND, VCC, and OUT pin which are connected to the Microcontroller of the Arduino board; similarly Bluetooth HC-05 device has four pins such as VCC, GND, TXD, and RXD pins and also connected with the Microcontroller. The device setup and there connection with Arduino board microcontroller as shown in the below figure 3.

Figure 3: Interfacing Motion sensor and HC-05 with the Arduino Microcontroller

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08; August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

C) Traffic Management Flow diagram The motion sensor senses the motion of the objects from the lane and transmits the stream of data to the Arduino board. Arduino Uno receives the data from the sensors and it converts the stream of data into block of data.

Figure 4: Traffic Management Flow Diagram

Block of data transmits to the Sink. Sink also receives data from other lanes and it compares the received data using Led_Glow Algorithm shown in the figure 4. In processor it compares the one of lane data information with other lanes and decides which lane has maximum density, then allocate the extra time to clear the vehicle density. IV. Experimental Results Arduino software is used to verify and upload the suitable code into Master and slave of the Arduino board as shown in the below snapshots. AT commands are used to establish the connection between the Master and slave BLE devices. After establishing connection between the master and slave the information is shared between the two BLE devices i.e shown in the below snapshot.

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08; August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

Figure 5: Snap shot for Selecting Arduino Uno board

Figure 6: Snap shot for Master and Slave program

Figure 7: AT Commands to connect Master and Slave

Figure 8: Snap shot for desired output

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Traffic management is most common problem in metropolitan cities like Bengaluru, Mumbai and Chennai etc. In order to provide efficient and suitable method to control traffic BLE technology is used. BLE is highly efficient and it covers longer distance to communicate with other BLE devices. It provides a secure methodology to control traffic in recent days. It has more advantages compare with the present traffic management system. In this work we have used the basic versions of the devices to control the traffic. In order to manage traffic realistically in more efficient manner we can use highly effective and standard BLE device to

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 02, Issue 08; August - 2016 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

cover longer distance for communication. To speed up processing in master by using highly optimized Arduino boards. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Getting started with Bluetooth Low energy book written by Kevin Townsend, carles Cufi and Robert Davidson, First edition May 2014. Connecting 2 Arduino by Bluetooth using a HC-05 and a HC-06: Pair, Bind, and Link, Written by Martyn Curry July 2015 Connecting 2 Arduino by Bluetooth using a HC-05 and a HC-06: Pair, Bind, and Link, Written by Martyn Curry July 2015 HC-05 FC-114 and HC-06 FC-114. Part 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Basic AT commands, Written by Martyn Curry August 2015 Bluetooth Low Energy vs. Classic Bluetooth: Choose the Best Wireless Technology For Your Application By: Rolf Nilsson and Bill Saltzstein June 2012 Communication between two HC-05 Bluetooth modules Written by Backlunp, 2014