Genetic Variability and Heritability Analysis in Selected Clones of Sugarcane

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 08 | February 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Genetic Variability and Heritability Analysis in Selected Clones of Sugarcane Guruprasad Hiremath Ph. D Scholar Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding UAS, Dharwad

Nagaraja, T.E Breeder and Head Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding AICRP(Sugarcane), V.C. Farm, Mandya, UAS, Bangalore

Abstract Thirty five recently developed clones of sugarcane were evaluated in a replicated trial under AICRP (Sugarcane), V.C. Farm Manday, Karnataka to estimate the genetic variability parameters for 14 quantitative characters. Analysis of variance revealed highly significance differences between the clones for all characters studied. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variance were recorded for cane yield, CCS (t/ha) and single sugarcane weight coupled with high genetic advance on the other hand high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean were registered by millable cane number indicating the more additive gene action hence the selection for these traits could be effective.

Keywords: Variability, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Genetic Advance ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION Genetic variability is immediately valuable for shaping new varieties. It forms the basic genetic wealth on which plant breeders could operate for reconstructing the existing genotypes for the crop improvement. Genotypic coefficient of variability gives the magnitude of genetic variance present in the population. The heritability in broad sense is a measure of proportion of total genetic variance reflecting the performance repeatability and its appropriate estimate for clonally propagated crops like sugarcane. The genetic advance as per cent mean summarizes the information contained in the heritability and genotypic coefficient of variability.

Hence, the information on these parameters is of paramount importance to sugarcane breeders.

Fig. 1: Genetic variability parameters for all 14 characters in sugarcane genotype

II. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present investigation consisting of thirty five clones was conducted in RBD with two replications at V.C. farm, Mandya to quantify the genetic variability existing among them. Observations were recorded on fourteen different characters viz., number of tillers (‘000/ha), number of millable canes (‘000/ha) (NMC), cane length (cm), cane diameter (cm), single cane weight (kg) (SCW), brix per cent, pol per cent, commercial cane sugar (CCS) per cent, purity per cent, cane yield (t/ha), CCS cane yield and CCS yield (t/ha) and the mean data was subjected to statistical analysis. Both genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were

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Genetic Variability and Heritability Analysis in Selected Clones of Sugarcane (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 064)

estimated as suggested by Burton (1952). Heritability (h2) in broad sense was estimated as suggested by Hanson et al. (1956) and expressed in per cent. Genetic advance as per cent mean (Johnson et. al., 1955).

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): The analysis of variance for all the 14 characters revealed the significant differences among the clones studied (Table 1) indicating the existence of sizable variability and considerable improvement can be achieved in these characters by selection. However the analysis of variance by itself is inconclusive in explaining all the inherent genetic variability in the collection. This is evident by partitioning the total variability inherent in the genotypes from the phenotypic variance.

Source of Variation

d. f

Replicati on

1

Genotype Error S.Em

3 4 3 4

Table - 1 Analysis Of Variance for 14 Characters Related to Cane And Sugar Yield In Sugarcane Sing Millab Milla Brix le Cane Numbe Interno Polp Tillers le ble per Purit cane diame r of dal er CCS (‘000/ Canes cane cent y per weig ter interno length cent % ha) (‘000/ length juic cent ht (cm) des (cm) juice ha) (cm) e (kg) 247.0 0.00 0.51 0.91 0.03 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.27 0.02 3.62 3 68 163.76 194.10 0.08 765.4 3.02 3.45 14.8 2.08 * ** ** 0.10 8.79 6.71 ** ** ** ** ** ** 7** 0** 7.75 1.968

CD @ 4.93 0.05% CD @ 6.29 0.01% * = 0.05 probability level **= 0.01 probability level

CCS cane yield 0.000 6 0.001 5** 0.000 4

Cane yield (t/ha)

CC S yiel d (t/h a)

94.24

1.65

387.0 5**

6.93

27.39

0.57

**

4.21

0.02

80.41

0.05

1.89

1.48

0.42

0.41

1.37

0.23

1.451

0.10 6

6.341

0.155

0.972

0.861

0.12

0.45 2

0.83

0.33 9

0.013

3.701

0.53 2

3.64

0.27

15.89

0.4

2.44

2.16

0.31

1.13

2.07

0.85

0.03

9.27

1.33

4.63

0.34

20.25

0.5

3.11

2.75

0.39

1.44

2.64

1.08

0.041

11.82

1.70

The comparison of results revealed higher range values for number of millable canes, number of tillers, cane length, number of internodes, internodal length, juice Brix, purity per cent and cane yield and relatively narrow range of variations were noticed for cane diameter, CCS cane yield and CCS per cent (Table 2). These results are in conformity with the observations of Patel et al.

(2006). The extent of variability as measured by GCV and PCV, gives information regarding the relative amount of variation in different characters. CCS yield, cane yield (t/ha), single cane weight and cane length exhibited high variability among genotypes as revealed by higher magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation(Table 2) suggesting that these characters are under the influence of genetic control (Verma et al., 1988; Hapse and Hapse, 1990). Hence these characters can be relied upon and simple selection can be practiced for further improvement. The difference between PCV and GCV for CCS yield, cane yield (t/ha), number of millable canes and tillers and cane length was narrow implying less influence of environment on the trait thus showing high heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean. Hence simple selection could lead to better improvement.

Difference between the estimates of GCV and PCV was comparatively narrow for all the characters as observed by earlier workers viz., Nair et al. (1980), Singh et al. (1983), Verma et al. (1988) and Gosh and Singh, (1996) and Bhaskar (2003).

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Table - 2 Estimates Of Genetic Parameters For 14 Characters In Sugarcane Characters Mean Range Standarised range PCV (%) GCV (%) Tillers (‘000/ha) 82.05 60-97 0.45 11.28 10.76 Millable (‘000/ha) 68.54 48-87 0.57 14.52 14.21 Millable cane length (cm) 162.90 134.50-216.50 0.50 12.62 11.36 Cane diameter (cm) 2.83 2.42-3.17 0.26 9.54 5.61 Internodal length (cm) 13.32 9.75-16.75 0.53 15.19 12.13 Number of internodes 13.42 10.50- 17.50 4.55 17.22 13.84 Single cane weight (kg) 1.07 0.73- 1.44 0.66 21.46 16.33 Brix per cent juice 19.17 17.29- 22.14 0.25 6.83 5.94 Pol per cent juice 17.91 15.00-20.46 0.30 7.75 6.88 Purity per cent 93.32 86.00-97.00 0.12 3.10 2.83 CCS percentage 12.71 10.28-14.44 0.33 8.44 7.55 Cane yield (t/ha) 58.40 36.97-95.77 1.01 24.64 22.95 CCS cane yield 0.13 0.08-0.200 0.88 22.39 17.54 CCS yield (t/ha) 7.42 4.56-12.33 1.05 26.07 24.02

h2 (%) 90.96 95.76 80.99 34.58 63.80 64.60 57.92 75.59 78.85 83.41 80.07 86.78 61.34 84.89

GAM (%) 21.14 28.65 21.06 6.79 19.96 22.91 25.61 10.64 12.59 5.33 13.93 44.05 28.30 45.59

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Genetic Variability and Heritability Analysis in Selected Clones of Sugarcane (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 08 / 064)

Quality of the cane juice is an important aspect in sugarcane. Among the quality characters, purity per cent, per cent juice Brix, pol per cent and CCS per cent had low GCV and PCV values (Table 2) indicating the presence of limited genetic variability for these characters. These findings are in agreement with Nair et al. (1980), Singh et al. (1983) and Gosh and Singh, (1996). Among the cane yield components, cane girth exhibited lowest values of GCV and PCV which is in accordance with findings of Nair et al. (1980) and Singh et al. (1996). Low variability values observed in the present study indicated that parental clones used to develop the genotypes under study might possess narrow variability for cane girth. It is important to note that the difference between the estimates of GCV and PCV are high for single cane weight, cane diameter, number of internodes and CCS cane yield. The results revealed the major role of environmental variations in expression of these traits. Moderate to high heritability estimates were noticed for all the characters studied except cane diameter suggesting that selection of clones for these characters will be effective. Similar results were also reported by Khairwal et al. (1978), Singh et al. (1983), Singh et al. (1996), Kadian, et al. (1997), Sharma et al. (1998) and Patel et al. (2006).

Genetic advance was high for CCS yield, cane yield, number of millable canes, CCS cane yield, single cane weight, number of internodes, number of tillers and cane length and it was moderate for internode length, CCS per cent, pol per cent juice and Brix per cent juice. Cane diameter and purity per cent exhibited lowest genetic advance as per cent mean. The results of the present study clearly indicated the importance of cane yield, CCS yield and CCS cane per hectare as they exerted high GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance (Verma et al., 1999, Thippeswamy et al., 2001 and Patel et al., 2006). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicated that these traits were controlled by additive gene action; hence, phenotypic selection could be effective in improvement of such traits. High heritability with moderate GCV, PCV and GA registered by internodal length suggested selection will also be effective for these traits. High heritability with moderate GCV and PCV coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by number of tillers, number of millable canes, cane length, number of internodes and CCS cane yield indicating the suitability of these traits for selection. Purity per cent registered high heritability estimates coupled with low GCV, PCV and GA whereas cane diameter exhibited low heritability with low GCV, and genetic advance suggesting selection will be less effective for these traits.

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