IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 08 | February 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X
Diffuse Heavy Metals Pollution in Central India Arvind Prasad Dwivedi Lecturer Govt. Indira Gandhi Home Science Girls College Shahdol, M.P
Indra Prasad Tripathi Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Dean Faculty of Science and Environment M.G.C.G.V. Chitrakoot, Satna (Madhya Pradesh) 485780
Abstract Madhya Pradesh literally means’ central province’ and is located in the geographic heart of India, between latitude 21.2 0N26.870N and longitude 74002’-82049’E. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in the country by area. We assume Madhya Pradesh as a central India (study area) which is divided in to two zones (a) East Zone of Central India (b) West Zones of Central India. In the present study we are intended to find out the diffuse chemical pollution in Central India on the basis of residential area an industrial area atmospheric air and surface water bodies. The metals like Cd, Pb and Fe were found 50% samples are higher than the permissible limit during all the seasons of the study area. It is concluded that the ground water and surface water of these areas are contaminated there is an indication of increasing pollutants due to discharge of industrial effluents, Agricultural wastes, solid waste dump, municipal waste domestic sewage and on land and surface water bodies. Keywords: Diffuse Chemical Pollution, Heavy Metals, Groundwater, Surface water, Central India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION The central India plateau is environmentally very important to understand the rich Indian bio-diversity and diffuse chemical pollution. It is well known that India is a densely populated country, very large fractions of this population live in rural communities, and very large parts of the total area are under agriculture and cattle population. Concentration over pollution sources in integrated water and air quality management has growing recently. There are many small sites which can release pollutant to ground water, and they usually do, this is because on average, the management of chemical on small sites is worse and less regulated than on sites owned by large, sometime multinational, companies. Even though the sites are small, they are large in numbers. Acting together, these many point sources can be considered to be equivalent to diffuse pollution [1]. The central India plateau is environmentally very important to understand the rich Indian biodiversity and diffuse chemical pollution. Madhya Pradesh literally means’ central province’ and is located in the geographic heart of India, between latitude 21.20N-26.870N and longitude 74002’-82049’E. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in the country by area. It borders the state of Uttar Pradesh to the north-east, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the North West. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate. Like most of north India, it has a hot dry summer (April- June), followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter. The state has 50 district hospitals, 333 community health centre’s, 1,115 primary health centers and 8,860 subcentres [2] There are several states in India where more than 90% populations are dependent on ground water for drinking and other purpose . In India, there are over 20 million private wells in addition to the government tube wells [3]. The wells are generally considered as the worst types of ground water sources in term of physico-chmical contamination due to the surrounding drainage and waste water disposal system [4]. Over burden of the population pressure, unplanned urbanization, unrestricted exploration and dumping of the polluted water at appropriate place enhance the infiltration of harmful compounds to the ground water [5]. In India most of the population is dependent on surface water (damp water) as the only sources of drinking water supply. The Ground water is believed to be comparatively much clean and free sewage and free from pollution than surface water. But prolonged discharged of industrial effluents solid waste dump causes the ground water to become polluted and created health problem [6]. The numbers of problems worldwide related with the lack of clean and fresh water are well known 1.2 billion people lack access to safe on clean drinking water; 2.6 billion have little or no sanitation a day, from diseases transmitted through unsafe water or human faces [7]. The extensive use of fertilizers, agrochemicals, fuel and other chemicals, along with growing industrial and urban activities have put in severe strain on the river ecosystem. Generally, increasing population and subsequently, Industrial and urban activities are main cause of unabated pollution of water sources in the world. About 40% population of the world resides in the urban areas which occupy only about 0.30% of the worlds geographical area Das et a l[8]. Rapid industrial development in the last few decades has added huge loads of pollutants to our rivers [9]. Out of these pollutants, heavy metals are of major concern because of their persistent and bio-accumulative nature. These heavy metals may be of geological origin entering into the river system by weathering and erosion or anthropogenic due to mining, industrial processing, agricultural run-off and sewage disposal [10]. In the aquatic system a rapid removal of these heavy metals from the water to sediments may occur by settling particles while some of these pollutants can be mobilized by getting accumulated into the biota from the sediments sink [11-15]. Studied the hydrological Zones in a few places in India and indicated that the chemical composition of ground water was affected by the surrounding industries [16]. Studied water quality of Kolar River which receive discharge from koradi thermal power station situated in Nagpur districts [17]. The domestics' sewage and industrial waste are the All rights reserved by www.ijste.org
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