A Review: New Evolution in Water World-Robotic Fish

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 09 | March 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X

A Review: New Evolution in Water WorldRobotic Fish Pranay P. Gaikwad PG Student Department of Computer Technology Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur, India

Prashant P. Bansod Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Abha Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering Nagpur, India

Abstract The level of aquatic contamination in ports and other aquatic area is increasing unceasingly. The level of security of our sea region and other aquatic area can also be increase with the use of innovative technologies. These are the main driving force behind efforts to make more advance system for WATER WORLD. In this paper an innovative approach to robotic education is described by giving the idea of an autonomous ROBOTIC FISH. This paper mainly focuses on the developed robotic fishes and their architecture. Design of the robotic fish and its working is also described with the applications. Robotic fish is incredibly energy efficient and it would not affect aquatic life. The efficiency is essential to make sure that the pollution or pollutants detection sensors can navigate in the WATER WORLD for hours on end. Robotic fish gives cost-effective and ecofriendly sustainability.

Keywords: Charging Hub, Robotic Fish, Sensors, TUNA Fish, Water World ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION The large area for the research on earth is water and the large scope for invention is robot. Best swimmer in sea is fish which have different categories and different types of motions. So now a day’s robotic fish is a new topic for study, research and implementation. At present sea water is mostly polluted at the mean while the sea boundary of every country have to be protected by themselves, so the robotic fish is the new evolution in water world which is ready to face both problems. Figure below is the RoboTuna II which is a robotic fish designed and built by the team of MIT in the United States.

Fig. 1: RoboTuna II

Propeller makes robotic fish to swim in water but at the mean time it causes more sound and more power, hence propeller are replaced by the undulating fins. These fins have the same structure like the fish fins, it gives more speed in less power and it does not produce any kind of noise.

Robotic fish have sonar system which is giving data of pollutants, weapons and other things which are harmful, on screen. It not only detects pollutants and weapons but also the other missing things such as black box of any ship or plane which got accident in water.

It have sensors which is helpful to communicate in between them, get sense of nearest charging hub and get charge over there.

This paper will explain its construction and working in detail.

Figure 2 shows the generalized procedure of producing biomimetic devices.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

1

A Review: New Evolution in Water World-Robotic Fish (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 09 / 001)

Fig. 2: Procedure of producing biomimetic devices [2][7]

II. LITERATURE REVIEW Types of Robotic Fish: The following table gives the knowledge about various projects and their characteristics.

Project Robopike PPF – 04 Coelacanth

Table – 1 Types of Robotic Fish and Their Characteristics Company Country Length & Weight John Kumph USA 81 cm , 20 kg NMRI Japan 19 cm , 400 g Mitsubishi Japan 70 cm , 12 kg

Presented IN 1996 2000 2001

G8 Fish Manta Ray

Essex Robotic EvoLogics

2007 2010

France Germany

50 cm , 10 kg 60 cm , 17 kg

Coordination control of multiple biomimetic robotic fish in highly dynamic aquatic environments has already been designed by building a hybrid centralized system. The robots designed in this system are multi joint. For visual tracking of free-swimming robotic fish algorithms has created which are effective and feasible, which lays a solid foundation for complex underwater task execution. Later, a novel fast swimming robotic fish capable of high maneuverability with less joint is designed [1]-[3].

Tushar Mohan, et al., designed highly modular an autonomous underwater robotic fish, Meta-Koi. The designed system mainly focused on better tail actuation using cable mechanics, better head to tail communication, better motor control and algorithms for microprocessor [4]. Chao Zhou et al., used a kinematic modeling method for a bio-inspired robotic fish which is based on single joint. Free movement of robotic fish is obtained by using the Lagrange’s equation of the second kind and the fluid force [5].

Modular and open architecture of the STARFISH-A small team of autonomous robotic fish is presented in [6]. This autonomous underwater vehicle is low cost and can be easily used real time applications [6]. Inspired by Knife fish, Mohsen Siahmansouri et al., designed and implemented an undulating fin which is a segmental anal fin to produce sinusoidal wave to create propulsive force [7]. An efficient time-of-flight-based acoustic ranging system for localization of robotic fish with limited onboard resources is designed by Stephan Shatara and Xiaobo Tan. In this designed system the distance between two nodes is determined by the time it takes for an acoustic signal generated by the buzzer on first node to reach the microphone on the second node. The arrival of the signal is detected with the sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) algorithm, where the rise dynamics of the signal is modeled and used for compensation of detection latency [8].

A Hybrid Control Architecture for Autonomous Robotic Fishes which are able to swim and navigate in unknown or dynamically changing environments, is designed by Jindong Liu et al., and later a 3D simulator for autonomous Robotic Fish is designed to use for studying the motion control and autonomous navigation of robotic fish [10] [12]. While swimming the robotic fish could face the problems of obstacles. This problem solved in [14] based on fuzzy systems. A sonar localization method using ubiquitous sensor networks for water pollution monitoring fish robots in large areas is proposed in [15].

III. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Design and construction of robotic fish changes, as per real fish to fish with their biological characteristics. Figure below is the basic idea for designing and constructing the robotic fish. The design is can be said as generalized mechanical design of the robotic fish.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

2

A Review: New Evolution in Water World-Robotic Fish (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 09 / 001)

Fig. 3: Generalized Mechanical Design of Robotic Fish [11]

There are two primary parts in the structure of robotic fish. First is the head module and second the moving section. The figure above shows the structure of two different robotic fish. Though the structure is different both will mimic the natural fish movement. Both the fishes are composed with the moving body part, an anal fin, and a tail peduncle but the second robot in the figure 3 (b), there is a pectoral fin connected to both left and right side. The robot body should be waterproof. Acrylic case or RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanized Rubber) can be used to make the whole electrical circuit having control system, battery, sensors, servo motors and counterweight module, waterproof [4] [11] [13]. It will protect from damaging the circuit and which will cause failure of the robotic fish. RTV preferred mostly to provide waterproofing as it also gives a skin like feel to the robot [13]. There may be obstacles come in the way of fish while swimming, sensors are installed on the head module so that obstacle can be notice by fish and fish should able to find different way. Three sensors to the left, right, and front can notice the obstacle horizontally. To sense the bottom surface of the water vertically underneath sensor is used. The second part of robotic fish a moving part which include joints and u-shape strut which supports the servo motors for generating the wave motion. For hydrodynamic stability and direction of movement the anal fin and pectoral fins are used [2]-[4] [10] [11].

IV. WORKING The Robotic Fish system has autonomous navigation skills which enables them swim independently around the port, underwater without any human interface. This will also enable them to return automatically to their hub to be recharged when battery life (approximately eight hours) is low. There will be a charging hub for all robotic fish. The fish is autonomous; hence whenever the battery will low fish would charge their battery from this charging hub. While swimming robotic fish may suffers from many obstacles in the path, also the swimming mechanism affects the water in every movement while locomotion as the locomotion is compounded from various fundamental factors including the hydrodynamic of fluid environment, apparatus of the marine animals packed with collections of their locomotive styles [1] [6] [11] [12].

Motion Principles of a fish In general fish uses four kinematic to swim, they are explained below in the figure 4.

Anguilliform Propulsion by the whole body with at least one complete wavelength from head to tail as in the Eel, Tadpole, etc., as shown in figure 4 (a).

Subcarangiform It is same as the Anguilliform but oscillation only occurs in posterior half of the fish body. The speed is very high in this but reduced maneuverability. Examples are Trout, Cod, etc. as shown in figure 4 (b).

Fig. 4: Four Kinematic of Locomotive Swimmers [11] [13]

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

3

A Review: New Evolution in Water World-Robotic Fish (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 09 / 001)

Carangiform It has the undulation increase only the last third part of the body length with less than half wavelength throughout the body. This can be found in salmon, mackerel, etc. as shown in figure 4 (c).

Thunniform Oscillation in the anterior aspects of the body, such as the tail and peduncle. It has a distinctive high aspect ratio for high speed and long-distance swimmer. This can be found in Tuna, and Marine animals as shown in figure 4 (d).

The Motion of Robotic Fish

Fig. 5: Basic Internal Structure of the Robotic Fish Model [13]

Two motors are used for movement, locomotion, and to swim the robotic fish. One motor is for the tail fin and other is for the tail peduncle. The motion of robotic fish is achieved by oscillating the tail fin by using motor about the normal body line. Tail fin and peduncle will always move in opposite direction. This type of synchronization of the tail fin and tail peduncle is must to provide sufficient propulsion of the robotic fish. The sufficient propulsion can be given only by the oscillating tail fin, but to utilize the motors and to provide efficient propulsion, this method is used. For turning the fish robot to left and right, tail peduncle is used. To turn the left, tail peduncle will turn to right and vice versa. For moving the robotic fish up/down several methods can be used. The best method is to use the submarine technology in which water can be pumped into a tank inside the body to move down words by force of gravity and pumping out the water for upward motion. Another method is to use third motor at tail peduncle which will capable of oscillating the tail peduncle up and down [1] [3] [4] [7] [12] [13].

V. CONCLUSIONS The paper discussed the architecture of robotic fish, its types, construction and working. After this detail study of The Robotic Fish Technology, it can conclude that this will play very vital role in water world’s future, which directly connected to everybody’s life. With the use of this technology, pollution in the water world can be minimizing by monitoring and locating the source of pollution. Security is very essential on the ports and under water, with the use of robotic fish security can be enhance easily. It can be used as a weapon during war. In some small water areas inspection of small pipes is a time spending task, but it would be very easily done by robotic fish in very less time. Ocean sampling also becomes easier than early systems by using robotic fish. In future, more underwater vehicles can be made with the help of this robotic fish as a reference model.

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Junzhi Yu, Cheng Zhang, and Lianquing Liu, “Design and Control of a Single-Motor-Actuated Robotic Fish Capable of Fast Swimming and Maneuverability”, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, pp. 1-9, 2015.

Junzhi Yu, Cheng Zhang, and Guangming Xie, “Coordination of Multiple Robotic Fish with Applications to Underwater Robot Competition”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, pp. 1-8, 2015.

Junzhi Yu, Feihu Sun, De Xu, and Min Tan, “Embedded Vision Guided 3-D Tracking Control for Robotic Fish”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, pp. 1-9, 2015.

Tushar Mohan, Adnan Ahmed Salman, and Indra Tjitra Salim, “Modular Autonomous Robotic Fish”, Oceans – St. John’s, IEEE, 2014.

Chao Zhou, Min Tan, Zhiqiang Cao, Shuo Wang, Douglas Creighton, Nong Gu and Saeid Nahavandi, “Kinematic Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Robotic Fish”, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 695-699, 2008.

T. B. Koay, Y. T. Tan, Y. H.Eng, R. Gao, M. Chitre, J. L. Chew, N. Chandhavarkar, R. R. Khan, T. Taher, and J. Koh, “STARFISH – A small team of autonomous robotic fish”, Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, Vol. 40(2), PP. 157-167, 2011.

Mohsen Siahmansouri, Ahmad Ghanbari, and Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi, “Design, Implementation and Control of a Fish Robot with Undulating Fins”, International Journal of Robotic Systems, Vol. 8, pp. 61-69, 2011.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

4

A Review: New Evolution in Water World-Robotic Fish (IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 09 / 001) [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]

Stephan Shatara, and Xiaobo Tan, “An Efficient, Time-of-Flight-Based Underwater Acoustic Ranging System for Small Robotic Fish”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 35, No.4, pp. 837-846, 2010.

Kin Huat Low, “Locomotion and Depth Control of Robotic Fish with Modular Undulating Fins”, International Journal of Automation and Computing 4, pp.

348-357, 2006.

Jindong Liu, and Huosheng Hu, “A 3D Simulator for Autonomous Robotic Fish”, International Journal of Automation and Computing 1, pp. 42-50, 2004.

Phongchai Nilas, “A Prototypical Multi-Locomotive Robotic Fish Parametric Research and Design”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011 Vol. I, San Francisco, USA, October 19-21, 2011.

Jindong Liu, Huosheng Hu, and Dongbing Gu, “A Hybrid Control Architecture for Autonomous Robotic Fish”, International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 312-317, 2006.

Parameswaran S, Sera Selvin, “Fish Model for Underwater Robots”, India Conference (INDICON), 2011 Annual IEEE, 16-18 December 2011.

Nguyen Dang Phuc, and Nguyen Truong Thinh, “A Solution of Obstacle Collision Avoidance for Robotic Fish Based on Fuzzy Systems”, International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2011 IEEE, pp. 1707-1711, December 7-11, 2011.

Daejung Shin, Seung You Na, Jin Young Kim, and Seong-Joon Baek, “Fish Robots for Water Pollution Monitoring Using Ubiquitous Sensor Networks with Sonar Localization”, International Conference on Convergence Information Technology, pp. 1298-1303, 2007.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

5