A Study on Critical Factors Influencing Berth Construction Projects

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 04 | October 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X

A Study on Critical Factors Influencing Berth Construction Projects B. Sunantha PG Student Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering, Guindy Anna university, Chennai

B. V. Mudgal Professor Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering, Guindy Anna university, Chennai

Abstract Port and harbor projects are one of the infrastructure projects in which berth construction plays an important role. Risk exists in berth construction are more as compared to other harbor construction projects. Risk management is a process which consists of identification, analysis and response with suitable methods for handling and control risks. Risk management in berth construction could help to reduce the possible risk of accidents. The aim of this paper is to identify and prioritize the risk in berth construction projects. The risk factors have been determined through a structured questionnaire based on the literature study. Based on a probability of occurrence and severity of impacts on the project objectives, this paper identifies 15 major risk factors. This research proposes Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology based on Multi Criteria Decision Making analysis to prioritize and assess the risks.

Keywords: Berth Construction Projects, MCDM analysis, Risks, Severity of impacts, TOPSIS ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

Construction projects are facing a number of risks due to involvement of various activities compared to other projects. Berth construction are exposed to various risks such as legal risks, environmental risks, construction risks, management risks, organizational risks, disaster risks, socio cultural impacts, technical risks, material risks, political and societal risks [2]. So it has become a major issue for management of risk in construction of berths and reduce the possibility of accident risk effectively [3].

The aim of this paper is to identify and prioritize the risk in berth construction projects. Due to lot of risk drivers in berth construction, Multi Criteria Decision Analysis is suitable solution for risk management. In this paper, TOPSIS technique was used to solve Multi Criteria Decision Making problems to prioritize/rank the project risks in the berth construction projects as high, medium and low. Weights of critical success factors and find out the importance of alternatives with respect to critical success factors are determined.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Collection: Data was collected through structured questionnaire, site visit and direct interview with experts working under the various professional related to the berth construction works. A five point Likert scale is adopted in questionnaire survey. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to organizations and 46 were responded.

Multi- Criteria Decision Making Methodology Decision making is an important factor to achieve a successful completion of any project. MCDM is concerned with structuring and planning problems involving multiple criteria. In this paper MCDM works as a part of analysis of complex decisions in berth construction works which involves some disputes as well as multiple criteria. This methodology can be interrelated with quantitative analysis as statistical methods.

Study on TOPSIS and its analysis Literature study proposed that several MCDM approaches like AHP, ELECTRE, VIKOR, GREY to evaluate the complex decisions. But these methods cannot be used if the ideal alternatives are unknown. Techniques for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method assumes that each criterion has a tendency of increasing or decreasing utility which leads to a easily define the positive and negative ideal solution [2]. It is a simple mathematical approach and try to achieve the closer to the ideal solution. The positive ideal solution is the solutions that lower the risks and better the performance and the negative ideal solution is that with higher risks and low. Steps involved in TOPSIS as follows: Step 1: Find out the normalized value Convert a decision matrix into dimensionless matrix

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A Study on Critical Factors Influencing Berth Construction Projects (IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 04 / 012)

Rij = xij / √∑ni=1 X ij2 i= 1,….n Step 2: Obtain a weighted normalized value Wij = rij * weightage Step 3: determine best performance and worst performance S+ = {higher 1, 2, 3, 4,5} higher the worse S- = {lower 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} lower the better Step 4: determine positive and negative ideal solution Dij+ = √∑ni=1(S + − weighted normalized)2 Dij- = √∑ni=1(S − − weighted normalized)2 Step 5: Closeness Coefficient Value Cci = Dij- / ( Dij+ + Dij- ) Step 6: Rank the alternatives in descending order with closeness coefficient value.

III. EVALUATION OF RISKS Identification of risks From the literature study 200 risks has been developed to frame the questionnaire. Questionnaire has been surveyed through site visit and direct interview with experts working under the port and harbor projects. Through the questionnaire survey 63 risks have been sort out. Finally top 20 risks were analyzed by using relative importance index and table 1 shows the identified risks.

S.No R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20

Table – 1 Identified Risks Risk drivers Shortage of materials Delayed deliveries Accidents such as fire, collision Poor communication with other parties Windstorm Poor use of advance design software Formation of slum Change in law and regulation Technology changes Requirements for permit and their approval Project delay Subsurface condition and ground water Funding Environmental issues Change in material specifications Regulations (safety/ labour law) Insolvency of contractor Relocation of villages Exchange rate fluctuation Contractual relations

Risk factor 0.0832 0.0818 0.0805 0.0775 0.0756 0.0741 0.0719 0.0707 0.0696 0.0685 0.0687 0.0684 0.0667 0.0659 0.0643 0.0639 0.0614 0.0609 0.06 0.0596

Selection of criteria As per Simos procedure in TOPSIS approach criteria and subset were identified. In this paper there are five respondents taken as criteria. Selected criteria were arranged in ascending order depend upon their position as follows: S.No 1 2 3 4 5

Subset Students Contractor Safety Manager Site Manager Project Manager

Table – 2 Simos Procedure No. of criteria Position 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5

Non- normalized weight 1/15 = 0.067 2/15 = 0.133 3/15 = 0.2 4/15 = 0.267 5/15 = 0.33

Evaluation of risk by TOPSIS Identified risks were analysed and evaluated using mathematical steps involved in TOPSIS. This analysis helps to determine positive ideal solution, negative ideal solution and closeness coefficient values. Using closeness coefficient values, risks were prioritized.

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A Study on Critical Factors Influencing Berth Construction Projects (IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 04 / 012)

Table – 3 Closeness Coefficient Values and Ranking of Critical Success Factors Risk drivers D+ij D-ij Cci Ranking R1 0.0661 0.0477 0.4188 15 R2 0.0612 0.0471 0.4348 14 R3 0.0576 0.0532 0.4799 8 R4 0.0861 0.0408 0.3214 20 R5 0.0722 0.0505 0.4113 16 R6 0.0608 0.0470 0.4359 12 R7 0.0748 0.0402 0.3495 18 R8 0.0563 0.0442 0.4398 13 R9 0.0566 0.0915 0.6179 6 R10 0.0665 0.0591 0.4704 9 R11 0.0391 0.0786 0.6676 2 R12 0.0446 0.0670 0.6005 7 R13 0.0670 0.0552 0.4515 11 R14 0.0505 0.0350 0.4093 17 R15 0.0332 0.0706 0.6798 1 R16 0.0352 0.0704 0.6664 3 R17 0.0429 0.0743 0.6336 5 R18 0.0442 0.0384 0.3257 19 R19 0.0915 0.0484 0.4577 10 R20 0.0591 0.0718 0.6399 4

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Closeness coefficient describes the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution. In this paper by TOPSIS approach (R15) change in material specifications has the first ranking which leads to more risk in berth construction projects and (R4) poor communication with other parties has the least place in which lowest risk.

V. CONCLUSION In this paper aimed at risk analysis using TOPSIS method is the best suitable method as compared to other MCDM methods. The result shows that the risks in berth construction are prioritized into high and low.The results are shown in fig 1

Fig 1: Closeness coefficient values with respondents

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3]

Jahanshahloo, G.R., Lotfi, F.H. and Izadikhah, M., Extension of the TOPSIS method for decision-making problems with fuzzy data, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 181(2),(2006), pp.1544-1551.

Sohrabinejad, Azadeh, and Mehdi Rahimi , Risk Determination, Prioritization, and Classifying in Construction Project Case Study: Gharb Tehran Commercial-Administrative Complex, Journal of Construction Engineering2015 (2015).

Saeidi, Nasser, Ali Askari, and Hassan Jafari , Application of a Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach Based on Subjective and Objective Weights in the Container Terminals Risks Assessment, Applied mathematics in Engineering, Management and Technology 1.4 (2013).

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