Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 09 | March 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Fly Ash and Thermocol Nagaswaram Roopa Department of Civil Engineering RGM College of Engineering & Technology

K. Supriya Department of Civil Engineering RGM College of Engineering & Technology

P. Rasheed Khan Department of Civil Engineering RGM College of Engineering & Technology

Abstract In the present scenario, several buildings are being constructed ranging from ordinary residential buildings to sky-scrap structures. Invariably in all the structures, concrete plays a vital role in construction. Generally concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate (River sand), coarse aggregate, water and type of admixtures used depends upon the situations. Now-adays good sand is extracted and transported from river bed being in a long distance. The extraction of sand has become a serious issue, posing environmental degradation, thereby causing serious threats of flood or diversion of water flow. Never the less the resources are also exhausting very rapidly and economical. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with Thermocol can be an economic alternative. This project focuses on investigating the characteristics of M25 grade of concrete with cement partially replace with fly ash 35%, 40% and fine aggregate replace with thermocol 0.2%,0.3% respectively. The compressive strength of concrete is increases from 33.25 N/mm2 to 35.5 N/mm 2 at 35% of fly ash and 0.2% of thermocol replacement; increases from 33.25 N/mm2 to 36.8 N/mm2 at 40% of fly ash and 0.3% of thermocol replacement.

Keywords: Cement, Coarse aggregate, Fine aggregate, Fly ash, Thermocol ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

Now-a-days the most suitable and widely used construction material is Concrete. This building material, until these days, went through lots of development. The definition of Concrete is the mixture of cement, water, additives or sometimes superplasticizers. It is artificial material. In the beginning it is soft, ductile or fluid, and gradually will be solid. We can consider this building material as an artificial stone. The most important part of concrete is cement. The production process of this raw material produces a lot of CO2. It is well known, that CO2 emission initiates harmful environmental changes. Now-a-days researchers make efforts to minimize industrial emission of CO 2.

The most effective way to decrease the CO2 emission of cement industry is to substitute a proportion of cement with other materials. These materials called Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCM’s). Usually used supplementary cementing materials are fly ash. This is typically industrial by-product, hence the application of SCM’s results less CO2 during cement production. The SCM’s provide other advantages and that is why the usage in the concrete technology is more and more general.

II. CONCRETE Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate, cement and water. There are many formulations that have varied properties. The aggregate is generally coarse gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, along with a fine aggregate such as sand. The cement, commonly Portland cement, and other cementations materials such as fly ash and slag cement, serve as a binder for the aggregate. Various chemical admixtures are also added to achieve varied properties. Water is then mixed with this dry composite which enables it to be shaped (typically poured) and then solidified and hardened into rockhard strength through a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a robust stone-like material. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much lower tensile strength. For this reason is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be damaged by many processes, such as the freezing of trap Concrete is widely used for making architectural structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses, motorways/roads, runways, parking structures dams, pools/reservoirs, pipes, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

615

Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Fly Ash and Thermocol (IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 124)

Fly ash Fly ash comes primarily from coal-fired, electricity-generating power plants. These power plants grind coal to powder fineness before it is burned. Fly ash – the mineral residue produced by burning coal – is captured from the power plant’s exhaust gases and collected for use.

The difference between fly ash and portland cement becomes apparent under a microscope. Fly ash particles are almost totally spherical in shape, allowing them to flow and blend freely in mixtures. That capability is one of the properties making fly ash a desirable admixture for concrete. Fly ash is a shown in Fig1.1.

Fig. 1.1: Fly ash

Thermocol Thermocol is a Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid and tough closed cell foam. It is usually white and made of pre-expanded polystyrene beads. It offers a non-hydroscopic, odourless, rigid, closed cell. Application is made possible because of Thermocol light weight, water resistance, dimensional stability and inert nature.

Polystyrene foams are good thermal insulators and are therefore often used as building insulation materials, such as in insulating concrete forms and structural insulated panel building systems. Grey polystyrene foam, incorporating graphite has superior insulation properties. They are also used for non-weight-bearing architectural structures (such as ornamental pillars) as shown in Fig.1.2.Discarded polystyrene does not biodegrade for hundreds of years and is resistant to photolysis. Polystyrene foam blows in the wind and floats on water due to its specific gravity. It can have serious effects on the health of birds or marine animals.

Fig. 1.2: Thermocol

III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS Objective of Study In the present investigation the behavior of M25 grade cement concrete with partial replacement of cement with Black Cotton Soil (BCS) is compared with the normal concrete.

Materials Raw materials required for the concreting operations of the present work are cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

616

Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Fly Ash and Thermocol (IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 124)

Cement Cement of 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement was used.

IV. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

S.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Table - 4.2 Physical properties of ordinary Portland cement Property Test Results Normal Consistency 32% Specific Gravity 3.13 Initial and final setting time 60 & 380 Minutes Soundness value 1.5mm Fineness of cement(Dry sieving method) 4% Specific gravity 3.13

Specific Gravity S.NO 1 2 3

NAME OF THE INGRIENT FINE AGGREGATES COARSE AGGREGATES FLYASH

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.614 2.88 2.3

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Table - 5.1 Shows the various mixes used in this investigation.

Constituents of Concrete Binding Material Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Mix Types Cement Fly ash Sand Thermocol 20mm OPC 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% OPC+35%Fly ash+0.2% Thermocol 65% 35% 99.8% 0.2% 100% OPC+40%Fly ash+0.3% Thermocol 60% 40% 99.7% 0.3% 100% Table - 5.2 Compressive strength values for replacement of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with thermocol 3 days compressive Strength 7 days compressive Strength 28 days compressive Strength Mix (N/mm^2) (N/mm^2) (N/mm^2) Normal mix 10.7 21.2 33.25 35% Fly ash + 0.2% of 11.2 24.3 35.5 Thermocol 40% Fly ash + 0.3% of 12.3 25.1 36.8 Thermocol

VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Based on the investigation carried out, the following conclusions were made.  The workability of concrete in terms of slump cone and compaction factor shows that Compaction factor changes slightly with increasing fly ash, Thermocol replacement and the slump cone also changes with the % increase in the replacement of fly ash, Thermocol content and the values falls within the value for normal range of concrete.  By conducting the compressive strength of concrete cubes compressive  strength is increased by partial replacement of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate with Thermocol.  For 3 days of curing period ,it is observed that the strength of concrete at partial replacement of fly ash and Thermocol is increased when compared to the normal compressive strength of concrete.  For 7 days of curing period ,it is observed that the strength of concrete at partial replacement of fly ash and Thermocol is increased when Compared to thermocol compressive strength of concrete.  For 28 days of curing period , it is observed that the strength of Concrete at partial replacement of fly ash and Thermocol is increased compared to normal cubes. It is for the proportion of 35%fly ash and 0.2% Thermocol.  In the same manner the compressive strength of concrete is increased Compared to the normal mix and partial replacement of 35% fly ash and0.2% Thermocol.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

617

Experimental Study on Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Fly Ash and Thermocol (IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 124)

REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

IS: 456 (2000). Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

IS: 383 (1970). Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete (Second Revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

IS: 10262 (2009). Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design. Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.

M.S.Shetty ‘‘Concrete Technology (theory and practice), S.Chand Publications-1982.

A. K. Mullik, performance of concrete with binary and ternary cement blends, Indian concrete journal, 2007.

IS 10262:1982 recommended guidelines for concrete mix design.

Is 516:1959 methods of test for strength of concrete.

IS: 4031[PT1]-1996,“Indian Standard Specification for Physical Test for Hydraulic Cement–Determination of Compressive Strength, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

Sivalinga Rao, Y.Radha Ratna Kumari, V. Bhaskar Desai, B.L.P. Swami, “Fiber Reinforced Light Weight Aggregate (Natural Pumice Stone) Concrete”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

618