Automatic Pre-collision warning by Stress Detection and fastest Rescue alert by International Journal for Trends in Engineering and Technology

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303

Automatic Pre-collision warning by Stress Detection and fastest Rescue alert Renu.T.R1 1

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Hindusthan College of Engg. and Tech.,Coimbatore. renurajan2@gmail.com

K.Sekar2

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Hindusthan College of Engg. and Tech. Coimbatore. kosekar_2007@yahoo.com

Abstract— Vehicular traffic collisions have become a major health concern nowadays. Traffic accidents are increasing every year with increase in number of vehicles. Various techniques have been proposed previously to assist the injured people in road accidents. It includes automatic estimation of severity about collisions and also to deploy emergency services to affected people. Present scenario gives the capability to notify them based on the concept of knowledge discovery on databases (KDD) and data mining processes. The proposed idea here is a novel and intelligent system to introduce a pre-collision warning system inside vehicles. This continuously monitors the driver status by detecting emotions by using sensors. It checks the pulse rate of the driver and gives alert when he is under stress and gives the message in display. By integrating Android application, the voice alert is provided to the passengers hence enhances more safe and comfort drive. Thus the work proposes a system that reduces the chance for accidents. Further in the case if crash occurs, the system automatically gives the information to the nearby rescue home within no time. The data is transmitted with the help of a wireless communication network and reaches the control unit. The control unit may be fixed at the hospital or nearby rescue center. The data sent includes time, location, severity of collision thereby ensures properly and timely assistance to the persons injured in collision. Index Terms— Android server application, Auto smart sensing unit, Embedded unit, Pre-collision warning system, Rescue alert. ——————————  —————————— 1

INTRODUCTION

NDIA being a populated country, road traffic has also been getting Imore and more congested, as a higher population and increased business activities result in greater demand for cars and vehicles for transportation. It was focused on how to build efficient highways and roads. Then it was changed to concentrate in the pursuit of building faster automobiles to surmount greater distances. Later the technology revolutionized the cars embedding with sensors and advanced electronics to make cars more intelligent, sensitive and safe to drive. The reason behind to incorporate the safety factor in it is the increased number of road fatalities. There are many aspects of road safety namely status of road, prevention of crash, traffic collision warning, obstacle detection and emergency responses. Previous methods of assistances and emergency responses were based on post crash detection system [3].The rescue time after the crash is called by golden hour. It is the time within which medical or surgical intervention by a specialized trauma team has the greatest chance of rescuing life. The chances of survival falls when the saving time elapses below 60 minutes. When an accident occurs, crash detection systems can increase the protection of vehicle occupants by detecting and recognizing the type and severity of the collision, taking protection measures by analyzing the impact of accidents occurred.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) being a major health concern, it is estimated that about 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries occurs every year in the world. RTA (Road Traffic Accidents) are the main cause for death injuries in Ethiopia and Korea. Thus, methods to reduce accident severity are of great interest to traffic agencies and the public at large [1].In India it is estimated that about 1.4 million serious road collisions occurs annually, hardly 0.4 million are recorded. Actually the real causes and consequences are never known and only minimal percentage of accidents are investigated. On analyzing socio-economic, political conditions, generally, punishments are offended to larger vehicles. The only remedy to improve road safety is to understand the causes and consequences of road collisions so as to work out preventive measures. 2 CAUSES FOR TRAFFIC COLLISIONS The road fatalities usually happens due to many manmade and road errors. Other contributing causes are detailed as due to stress, drowsiness and disobeying rules of road.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 2.1 Due to Stress The traffic accidents increased gradually, especially those because of the drivers emotional constraints and in which the drivers were liable [9].Stress is an emotion which everyone experience in their personal and professional life. Many times the performance of a person depends on skill and experience and also is expected to depend on the stress level. Driving needs high level of concentration, peculiarly while driving heavy goods in the public. If the driver is distracted, stressed, fatigued or unwell and it will affects judgment while driving. Any of these can slow down the reaction time and driving in such a situation is unwise. The chances for accidents increases when one is overworked, stressed or tired . If such a situation arises driver should be aware of its consequences and should act wise. 2.2 Disrespected Traffic rules Since from the olden times certain rules and regulations governs a man’s life. It governs our activities and alerts us from trespassing our boundaries and threatening the security of others. Traffic Rules belong to one such category and convey us our responsibilities, we step on the road. But it’s important to bring to light the fact that in the present time, these rules are disrespected and thrown to air. The Indian roads are reeling heavily under the burden of ever-increasing population that has paved way for a sudden rush of wheels. Life on the road has now become a nightmare [13]. For the pedestrians and the drivers the condition is same Such careless attitude leads to traffic jams, increased accidents and road rage. All this clearly highlights the negligence shown by the concerned authorities in discharging their duties. The solution to this scenario is way beyond the singular efforts and requires contribution from every road-user. 2.3 Due to drowsiness Sleepiness, also referred to as drowsiness, is defined as the need to fall in to sleep, a combinational process of both the rhythmic notes and the need to sleep .Sleep can be irresistible; recognition is emerging that neurobiological based sleepiness contributes to human error in a variety of settings, and driving is no exception. There are several causes for sleepiness/drowsy driving. Although alcohol and some medications can independently paves sleepiness, the important causes of sleepiness and drowsy driving in people without sleep disorders are sleep restriction and sleep fragmentation [10]. 3

Android application is preferred to faster rescue alert. The architecture diagram is given in Figure 1.

Driver unit

Sensory unit

Post collision alert to Wireless communication module

Server PC Android app

Pre collision alert to vehicle embedded unit

Rescue alert Figure 1 System architecture Emotions are a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence on one’s behavior. The acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking present, but cognition is an important aspect of emotion, the chain of events. The definition of emotion is a positive or negative experience that is influenced with a particular pattern of physiological activity or event. There are six basic emotions. They are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Detecting these types of emotions are of a tedious task but the cause of accidents prone with increase in anger and stress. The detection of above can decrease the accidents to a great extend [14]. 4

EMBEDDED AND SERVER UNIT

The embedded block diagram consists of the entire components and sensors used for implementation. The sensors integration provides pre collision assistance and the wireless communication module is used only when collision occurs is illustrated in Figure 2. Android app integration

PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The system architecture consists of the collision warning approach consists of an embedded unit, wireless communication module and a server application to deliver the alert. The driver unit is connected to the sensors so that the engine ignites. Then the collision warning is alerted first to the embedded unit. Even the chances for collision exists and a post collision warning is delivered to the server within a short time.

Pulse rate sensor PIC 16F877A microcontroller Belt remove sensor

L C D

Wireless communication module

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 In the proposed method the detection methodology is by sensors attached to the body of driver. it takes the stress by monitoring heart rate and gives assistance to the passengers by alert system. Our proposed system consists of a pre collision alert system to the passengers by incorporating sensing units. The sensing unit is divided in to two  Pulse rate sensing unit  Vibration sensing unit

The data flow diagram is used for classifying system requirements to major transformation that will designed to aid communication. DFD shows the minimum contents of data stores and is quite effective, especially when the required design is not clear and the user and the analyst need a notational language for communication.

The driver should clip both the sensors to the body while ready for a drive. The arrangement is made such a way that the engine ignites only when the sensor is clipped. Thus provides more safety to the passengers. The heart rate sensing unit consists of a pulse sensor which monitors the pulse rate of the human body. And the vibration sensor senses the accident when a definite threshold level is reached. When the collision happens, the information is immediately sent to the nearby rescue home through an Android application cell phone. The information may include the position severity and time of the collision occurred. The block diagram representation consists of an airbag deployment unit, heart rate unit, Android application, LCD display, PIC microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The project mainly target to avoid the chances of collisions by introducing an intelligent embedded unit and secure the life of the persons by providing immediate medical facility on time if they met any accident. With the help of android application it sent message to nearby police station and nearby hospital for help, and also sent message to family or friends number. The information is sent to the control unit and it is decoded using a level convertor and receives them into Personal computer. The receiver side consists of an application which is created in Java platform. Eclipse tool is used to design webpage. The webpage acts as a server to pass the information from PC to the Android application. The server is named black box in the representation. Our proposed system receives the alert to the android application and thus alerts the friends and emergency healthcare through an Android phone. The Sensor Detection and Intimation Design for a Black Box is given in Figure 3.

The simulation diagram consists of PIC,LCD, DC motor and sensor units. Simulation is done using Proteus 7.1 software. The simulation window consists of a PIC microcontroller, LCD, display, capacitors, resistors and sensors unit with press button. The initial warning system consists of a message to clip the seatbelt and sensor so that the ignition starts. The warning system includes

Black box

Communication module

Android App

Server

Figure 3 Receiver black box unit.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Seat belt alert system Nowadays it is the strict law that drivers should wear seatbelt during drive. This is to ensure that passenger safety and to avoid injuries in minor crashes. Wearing seat belt reduces the head bang to a great extend and thus helps the driver to overcome jerks during drive. Crashes happens at any time, anywhere. So the seat belt must be always on whenever you are practice driving or going around in vehicle. In our proposed method warning system includes the seatbelt clip sensor to alert the driver whenever he forgets to clip it with. 5.2 High pulse sensing system By continuously monitoring the driver status the system checks for a higher pulse rate. This is used in a context that pulse rate increases with increase in emotion followed by uncontrolled sweating and adrenaline rise. This is sensed and warned using sensors fixed to human body. High pulse arises due to the stress arise in human body. The first press button indicates the arrival of a higher pulse. The system continuously monitors for higher pulse rate from driver through monitoring heart rate. The heart rate sensors senses the pulses and its count in a minute. If an abnormal pulse is detected then the warning system gives the message as ―you are under stress stop the vehicle‖. 5.3 Accident alert system When the driver ignores the alert and again drives it with stressed mind, collision may occur. A vibration sensor is used to sense this and it displays as Airbag in the LCD display. 5.4 The server unit At the receiver side ,a database is created by using a website linked to it through a link. The link is established in MySQL server. The database is created by entering The receiver side outputs are categorized by Admin page of website and Database output in MySQL server. The Webpage which is developed in Java platform is used to access the database. It uses a user id and password. The login page is used to enter the data inside the server as database .The details are entered into database through it. The illustration is given in Figure 4.

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VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 The risk for the chances of collisions are greatly reduced when the rescue alert is send earlier to the healthcare. While considering the rescue factor in scale of percentage and time in seconds for rescue alert the graphical illustration is given in Figure 6.

Figure 4 Admin page of website. The database may be defined as an organized collection of related information. The organized information serves as a base from which further recognizing can be retrieved desired information or processing the data. The most important aspect of building an application system is the design of tables. MySql server is used to construct the database and it is linked to the created webpage .Although risk for teens is more for road fatalities, crashes are preventable. There are many precautions that we can take for accident prevention. Drive safe by gaining driving skills with a parent or other trusted adult. The implementation is completed with the help of Android application. Android is the most popular Operating system used nowadays. The information from the embedded unit is send to the server application. The Android application consists of service and activity. The activity gives the template format for accessing the database. The service provides the information for rescue alert. It helps for developing Android application by updating all the information about rescue center in to the database. This is how the nearest place is chosen when the collision happens. The data base consists of hospital name, place and location with pin code and phone number. It consists of table data as illustrated in Figure 5.

Figure 6 Rescue factor versus Time. The advantages of the proposed work are    

More chances for saving life. Low cost. Prevent accident at most cases In the existing system, the action is taken only after the accident but in the proposed system prevention of accident is a major advantage. Most of the road accidents occurs due to ninety percentage of human errors. Therefore to focus on people in our traffic safety program. Being a major health concern, accidents have to be avoided but the complete avoidance is impossible since we humans have some limitations. 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

6.1 Conclusion The proposed method consists of an auto smart sensing unit which consists of a pulse rate sensor and vibration sensors and a receiver unit to send the information to the emergency assistance. The information is sent to the nearby emergency assistance by using an Android application integration. The chances for occurrence of accident is still existing. So when an accident occurs even after the influence of pre collision warning system. The emotion detection plays an important role in sensing. The factor includes a pulse sensing unit to sense the emotions of stress. The pulse rate sensor senses it and checks for the high pulse rate continuously. Figure 5 Database output

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 When the accident occurs even after this, a vibration sensor is used to sense it and information is sent to receiver side. Airbag is unlocked immediately when the vibration threshold exceeds a limit. The existing system suggests only the pre collision warning systems; but our proposed work gives the pre collision warning system with a receiver unit. 6.2 Future enhancement The application has a very greater hope, because human life is more precious than any other thing, this project will really help to provide more security and safety while travelling and also help to provide immediate medical facility if any accidents happened. The latest technical trends such as RF camera are coordinated with the tradition technique for capturing the proper images during the accident and send at the right time. The project mainly target to secure the life of the persons by providing immediate medical facility on time if they met any accident. The future emergency website may give the link for each and every hospital separately and gives much more better assistance in the collision detected area by providing proper information at the correct time. With the enhancement of webpage development in future the information about the hospital is linked directly in to it and the alert with information is sent to the friend’s number through an Android application

[10] Jung.S , Shin.H, Yoo.J, and Chung.W, ―Highly sensitive driver condition monitoring system using active electrodes,‖ Proceedings IEEE ICCE, Las Vegas, NV,USA,Volume.7,pp.305–306,January. 2012. [11] Kohaviand .R,John.G., ―Wrappers for feature subset selection,‖ for Artificial Intelligence,Volume.97,pp.273–324, December. 1997. [12] Modsching.M, Kramer.R, and Hagen.K, ―Field trial on GPS accuracy in a medium size city: The influence of built up,‖ in 3rd WPNC, Proceedings, Hannover, Germany,Volume.2,pp. 209218,March.2006. [13] Pichai Taneerananon, Somchainuek, Bus crash situation in thailand: case studies,Journal of the Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Volume. 6, pp. 3617- 3628, 2005 [14] Ravindra S Honnungar,*Sunil C Aramani, Vijay Kumar AG, Ajay Kumar TS, Prasanna S Jirli,Original Research Paper An Epidemiological Survey of Fatal Road Traffic Accidents and their Relationship with Head Injuries, ,J Indian Acad Forensic Med., Volume. 33, No. 2 ISSN 0971-0973135, April-June 2011. [15] Richi Nayak,Daniel Emerson.Road Crash Proneness Prediction using DataMining,Volume.10.pp12.2012. AUTHOUR PROFILE:

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Renu.T.R obtained her B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna university of Chennai (2013), and now she is pursuing M.E. in Applied Electronics at Hindustan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore under Anna university of Chennai. She is currently doing her project work on Autosmart warning using Intelligent transportation system with rescue alert in Embedded systems.

K. Sekar, received the B.E., degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Coimbatore Bharathiyar university, Tamil nadu, India and the Masters degree (ME) in Power Electronics and Industrial Drives from Sathiyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. He has about 20 years of teaching experience. He is now Assistant professor at Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India in Electronics and Electrical department. His areas of specializations are Soft computing techniques, Power converters, Image processing, and also related to Renewable Energy applications and the current research include hybrid renewable power system with soft computing and implementation in FPGA. He has published 15 papers in National / International Journals and 10 papers in National / International Conferences to his credit.

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