Effective Pipeline Monitoring Technology in Wireless Sensor Networks

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303

Effective Pipeline Monitoring Technology in Wireless Sensor Networks 1

2

Adila Nazir N

PG Student, Department of ECE, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India anaghaaravind3@gmail.com

Sheela T

Assistant Professor Department of ECE, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India sheela17tha@gmail.com

Abstract-Wireless detector nodes are a promising technology to play three-dimensional applications. Even it will sight correct lead to could on top of ground and underground. In solid underground watching system makes some challenges are there to propagating the signals. The detector node is moving entire the underground pipeline and sending information to relay node that's placed within the on top of ground. If any relay node is unsuccessful during this condition suggests that it'll not sending the info. In this watching system can specially designed as a heterogeneous networks. Every high power relay nodes most covers minimum 2 low power relay node. If any relay node is unsuccessful within the network, the constellation can modification mechanically supported the heterogeneous network. The high power relay node is change the unsuccessful node and sending the condition of pipeline. The benefits are thought-about to be extremely distributed, improved packet delivery.

Keywords- Wireless sensor network, Pipelining, Static nodes, Dynamic nodes, Relay nodes, Adaptive ondemand distance vector surface, or control by associate degree antenna stand, or connected on tree. once the Sn transmits the detected data to a RN, the non particulate radiation propagates through completely different media, as well as the in-pipe water, the plastic of the pipe body, the soil, and therefore the air. Also, completely different antenna heights of the RNs result in different transmission methods and different levels of signal attenuation.

To represent the particular transmission methods between the Sn and every RN, however to point the coated pipeline length by the Sn in communication with every RN. The particular radio transmission methods are going to be mentioned in because the Sn moves within the pipe, the transmission path between the Sn and therefore the bachelor's degree varies. The Sn can go every RN and switch its communications with completely different RNs to send information to the bachelor's degree.

1. INTRODUCTION: Consider a WSN network consisting of a mobile inpipe Sn, a BS, and M Multiple surface RNs..The SN, carried by a mechanism, is inserted into a completely operational pipeline. Once discharged, the Sn moves within the water flow within the pipeline and performs information acquisition. to cut back the number of information to be transmitted, the Sn performs on-board processing. solely the summarized information or the extracted helpful data are going to be transmitted to the surface bachelor's degree to cut back the energy price of information transmission. The bachelor's degree is that the sink node for the data stream from the Sn. Besides receiving data, the bachelor's degree also can send commands to the Sn together with the mechanism for his or her operational management.

The RNs play the role of relaying data between the Sn and therefore the bachelor's degree. The RNs area unit deployed at a set of surface possible sites preselected during a line on the pipeline. Compared with the case while not mistreatment the RNs, the main advantage of inserting the RNs is to cut back the transmission distance of the signal from the Sn, thereby decreasing the number of signal attenuation and therefore the needed transmission power at the Sn. in numerous environments, totally different possible sites could impose different limits on the heights of the RNs’ receiving antennas. as an example, a RN may well be either placed on the soil

2. Related Works: [1]. In planned autonomous system, the mobile metallic element is hopped-up by A battery with a restricted supply of energy. On the opposite hand, sensing, natural philosophy, and exploit of the metallic element all consume the battery energy.

Moreover, not like the RNs’ multiple attainable energy sources which can come back from batteries,

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 power cords, or alternative energy, the SN’s solely energy supply is from the battery.

[2]. during this paper, centered on water distribution observance system. Detector node was placed on underground and relay node was placed on top of ground. Detector node was observance the water level and it had been forward to relay node. Here they designed in physical layer of the detector node to dynamical the signal propagation. If channel strength is inflated it creates a more robust network.

3. MONOTORING THE CONDITION OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINE In this system, relay nodes can specially style as a heterogeneous network. High power nodes most covers a variety compared to low power relay nodes.

However every high power nodes cowl minimum 2 low power nodes therefore on. Compromise sensing element nodes collect the info and it'll forward to corresponding relay node.

In figure three.2 If any relay node fails within the network, configuration can amendment mechanically supported high and low power relay node comparison distribution. Channel estimation are variable betting on surface nature, just for avoiding unnecessary packet loss in an exceedingly network.

[3]. The Authors planned a paper supported hookah line observance system. It principally designed for notice the water run on pipelines. it absolutely was detection by vibration level and of the pipelines.

The signal rate was accumulated during this paper for detection.

[4]. Multiuser cooperative schemes sometimes have confidence relay choice or channel choice to avoid deep weakening and win diversity whereas maintaining acceptable spectral potency. In some applications like underwater acoustic communications, the low speed of the wave ends up in a awfully long delay between the channel state info (CSI) menstruation time and also the relay assignment time, that results in a severely superannuated CSI. To remedy this, and propose distributed secret writing schemes that aim at achieving sensible diversity multiplexing trade-off (DMT) for multiuser situations wherever CSI isn't on the market for resource allocation. take into account a network with multiple supply nodes, multiple relay nodes, and one destination. here initial introduce a distributed linear block secret writing theme, together with Reed-Solomon codes, wherever every relay implements a column of the generator matrix of the code, and soft call decipherment is utilized to retrieve the knowledge at the destination facet. and derive the end-to-end error performance of this theme and show that the realizable diversity equals the minimum playacting distance of the underlying code, whereas its DMT outperforms that of existing schemes. And extend the projected theme to distributed convolution codes, and show that achieving higher diversity orders is additionally attainable.

Figure 3.1 Underground pipeline structure The wireless detector network has been used as a live analysis test-bed for the event and refinement of algorithms for leak and burst detection and localization. Throughout its development and enlargement over four years, Water Wise has accumulated an outsized archive of detector knowledge from detector nodes. This archive has tested a useful resource on that to perform explorative data processing to spot common patterns and trends, and to assist determine areas of concern within the network that warrant additional, in-depth investigation. It’s conjointly useful for post-mortem analysis of response to events; wherever the actions that were taken may be matched to knowledge streams and wont to facilitate inform future actions.

Station in controlled pipelines typical of these found at retail service stations. The results of those early activities recommend that acoustic measurements combined with advanced signal process will offer a method to discover and find little leaks over long distances in controlled pipelines.

The methodology locates leaks virtually by the sound that's created once the liquid escapes into the soil. this method is cheaper, timely, and correct than each of the opposite presently used methodologies

[5]. This paper says the network choice of wireless underwater detector network. Instead radio waves they used magnetism waves. it had been specially designed for tiny space wireless detector networks.

Signal strength was 300-900MHZ There is no elaborate study regarding the way to transmit the info between underwater sensors to sink node.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 since pipelines may be tested in minutes instead of days; leaks may be set while not the utilization of pricey, invasive techniques; and correction prices and products loss ar reduced by timely and correct leak location. Further, the potential on-line observation capabilities of passive acoustics ought to leave higher management over product transfer systems. the most important good thing about this capability are the first detection and placement of leaks and also the timely ending of unseaworthy pipelines, therefore serving to forestall the discharge of contaminants into the atmosphere.

To obtain general business acceptance of acoustic leak location, it's necessary not solely to prove the claimed capabilities of the technique, however conjointly to outline its limitations. consequently, the applied analysis program mentioned during this paper has been undertaken to develop passive acoustic principles for improved leak detection and placement in pipelines of varied sizes and configurations.

Figure 3.2 Buried underground pipeline In figure 3.3 beside the results of this preliminary trial, describe the results of intensive laboratory experiments that area unit accustomed judge our analysis and processing solutions. model readying has semiconductor diode to the event of a reusable, field- reprogrammable package infrastructure for distributed high-rate signal process in wireless device networks, that we have a tendency to additionally describe.

US water utilities are sweet-faced with mounting operational and maintenance prices as a results of aging pipeline infrastructures. Leaks and ruptures in facility pipelines and blockages and overflow events in sewer collectors value many bucks a year, and observation and repairing this underground infrastructure presents a severe challenge. during this system discuss however wireless detector networks (WSNs) will increase the abstraction and temporal resolution of operational knowledge from pipeline infrastructures and therefore address the challenge of close to period of time observation and eventually management.

The Intel atom platform is a sophisticated device node platform consisting of AN ARM7 core, 64kB RAM, 512kB Flash and a Bluetooth radio. And designed a device board to interface the Intel atom to varied analog sensors utilized in Pipe web. The device board supports up to eight analog channels. The data converter (ADC) is connected to a fancy programmable logic device (CPLD) that is to blame for driving the ADC clock to attain the required rate, and bridging the SPI interface of the ADC to the UART interface supported by the atom.

Here enforced Bluetooth scatter web formation and a tree routing algorithms to modify self configuring, self healing networks. additionally, the enforced a lightweight reliable transport protocol to support fragmentation and assembly of enormous information packets, as Pipe web motes of times got to transfer messages of up to one hundred K.

Here concentrate on the utilization of WSNs for observation giant diameter bulk-water transmission pipelines. The define a system, Pipe Net, are developing for assembling hydraulic and acoustic/vibration knowledge at high sampling rates still as algorithms for analyzing this knowledge to discover and find leaks. Challenges embody sampling at high knowledge rates, maintaining aggressive duty cycles, and guaranteeing tightly times synchronal knowledge assortment, all below a strict power budget. And have allotted an in depth field trial with Bean town Water and Sewer Commission so as to judge a number of the essential parts of Pipe internet.

The 1st tier is analogous in package and hardware design to the condition primarily based maintenance is deployed. Describe the principal variations from this readying within the remainder of this section. These variations fall under 2 broad categories. First, since we wanted to support continuous capture of a lot of information than what would slot in RAM, were unable to use the shop and forward networking choice delineated in. Instead, we have a tendency to enforce a reliable over the air streaming mechanism. Second, required a lot of versatile configuration choices from the backend server, storage of configuration parameters in flash, information report and native ballot options.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 web work providing the high packet delivery and high information transmission.

4. Advantages   

Highly distributed, improved packet delivery Channel strength is selected by nature of the surface Minimum residual energy is used by relay nodes.

5. Relay selection Relay node will select by coverage range of the node and movement of sensor nodes. Because here sensor nodes will move depending upon water flow of the pipe line.

Figure 4.1 Movement of sensor node

8.2. STEP 2: DATA TRANSMISSION OF MOVING SENSOR TO RELAY NODE

6. RN updating model RNs will update the status of the nodes periodically.

If any RN miss the data about nearest RN, that node consider as failed node. Heterogeneous network is updating the nearest RN and transmitting the data. It do not depending up on the failed node. in heterogeneous network the relay node is transmitting all data.

BS is sophisticated as signals ought to travel through totally different media, as well as water, plastic, soil, and air, to achieve the Bachelor of Science .sensor node is moving entire pipe and checking the condition of pipe line, and transmittal that information to the relay node.

In figure4.2 Relay node is inserting on top of the bottom. In heterogeneous network a high power relay node is canopy minimum of 2 low power node. that's any relay node is failing means that the neighboring relay node is change that failing node and transmittal information between detector node and relay node.

7. Choosing different RN     

If any RN node failed in the network, sensor node can select different RN node.

Because here the network has heterogeneous nature.

So easily network will hand over to different RN. Network must be creating two low power nodes comes under one high power node.

Based on traffic load it will vary.

8.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8.1. STEP- 1: MOVEMENT OF SENSOR NODES SN detects the leak through acoustic, pressure or alternative effects, and transmits the perceived info to the surface BS degree. Each the quality of the Sn and its operating conditions cause many important challenges on the event of a WSN for the planned autonomous system. First, the radio wave propagation setting between the in-pipe Sn and therefore the surface BS is difficult as signals got to travel through totally different media, together with water, plastic, soil, and air, to succeed in the bachelor's degree. In figure four.1 Heterogeneous

Figure 4.2 data transmission between sensor nodes and relay node

8.3. STEP 3: ACTIVATION OF BASE STATION Relay node is transmission all information to base station and Base station is observation the all practicality of the underground pipe. If any RN is

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303 [2] Alphons Vickers A. L, (1999), ‘The future of water conservation: Challenges ahead’, Vol.114.

No. 1, pp.32-56.

failing the neighboring RN is change the failing node and transmission the info. In heterogeneous network every high power covers minimum of 2 low power node and change the condition of failing node and re-transmitting the info.

In figure 4.3 Base station play a significant role within the observation system, the ultimate observation is occur within the base station.

[3] Ashwa nshChoi C, Chatzigeorgiou D, BenMansour R., and Youcef-Toumi K,(1992), ‘Design and analysis of novel friction controlling mechanism with minimal pipeline’, Vol. 2. No. 3, pp. 12-13.

[4] Bhatzigeorgiou D. Youcef-Toumi K, A. Khalifa, and Ben-Mansour R, (2011), ‘Analysis and design of an in-pipe system for water leak detection,’ Vol. 8. No. 9, pp. 12-18.

[5] Chatzigeorgiou D, Khalifa A, YoucefToumi K., and R. Ben-Mansour, Aprl, (2011), ‘An in-pipe leak detection sensor: Sensing capabilities and evaluation,’ Vol. 3.No.14, pp. 176-234.

[6] Dogena H. R, Huisman J. A, H. Meier, Rosenbaum U, and Weuthen M. C Aug. (2009), ‘A.Hybrid wireless underground sensor networks: Quantification of signal attenuation in soil’, Vol. 8.

No. 3, pp. 755–761.

Figure 4.3 Activation of base station [7] Ftoianov I, Nachman L, Madden S, and Tokmouline (1987), ‘PIPENET: A wireless sensor network for pipeline monitoring’, Vol. 6.No.8, pp.

264–273.

9. Conclusion: • Specially designed a heterogeneous network for effectively observance the underground pipeline.

• In heterogeneous networks if there's failure detected within the relay node, then closest RN is change that failing node knowledge transmission is distributed victimization dump agent protocol.

[8] Hkyildiz I. F, Sun Z,and. Vuran M. C (1999), ‘Signal propagation techniques for wireless underground communication networks’, Vol. 2. No. 3, pp. 167–183.

any the and by

[9] Lkyildiz I. F. and Stuntebeck E. P, (2008), ‘Wireless underground sensor networks: Research challenges’,Vol.4.No.6, pp. 621–655.

10. Future Work: [10] Mhowalia K, Shammas N, Quraishi A, and Al-Muttair F. F Sep, (2009), ‘Assessment of leakage in the Riyadh water distribution network’,Vol. 2.No.3, pp.12-13.

• In the case of failure of relay nodes or inaccessibility of relay channel the information transmitted path is mechanically chosen.

• The condition for path choice is predicated on the sensing element transceiver operate that adapt with the channel.

11. REFERENCES [1] Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou, Kamal YoucefToumi, Samir Mekid, and Dalei Wu, Rached BenMansour, (2014), ‘Channel-Aware Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks for Pipeline Inspection’, Vol.13.No.7,pp.49-51.

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