Sam Tedford City of Austin, Planning and Zoning Department May 3, 2019 Austin Community Wildfire Symposium
Outline •
Shaping Austin
•
Austin Today
•
A City in a Region
•
Suburbanization and Sprawl
•
Segregation and Stratification
•
Development Trends
urban planning, urbanization, and segregation
The Plan of the City of Austin created in 1839 by Judge Edwin Waller
Freedmen’s Communities
map from the City of Austin East Austin Historic Survey and based on research from Michelle Mears’ 2009 book: “And Grace Will Lead Me Home: African American Freedmen Communities of Austin, Texas, 1865-1928”
Clarksville
Streetcar System
A City Plan for Austin, Texas 1928 •
created the “Negro District” in East Austin
•
placed most industry in East Austin
•
laid the groundwork for red lining, displacement, and long-lasting racial divides
“Separate but Equal” Keeling JR High 1935
“all the facilities and conveniences be provided the negroes in this [negro district], as an incentive to draw the negro population to this area. This will eliminate the necessity of duplication of white and black schools, white and black parks, and other duplicate facilities for this area.”
Old Anderson High School 1967
“impossible to desegregate�
Redlining
Restrictive Covenants Hyde Park property advertisement
Rosedale neighborhood deed restriction
Restrictive Covenants “No lot shall be sold or leased to any Mexican or person of Negro blood or to any corporation or firm composed of Negros or Mexicans�
Post WWI Suburbanization and White Flight
Interstate Highway 35
East 11th Street Property Destroyed
Urban Renewal
photos taken by property assessors of homes in East Austin AR.1996.008-150
1928 Plan + Restrictive Covenants + Redlining + Urban Renewal
Inheriting Inequality
Inheriting Inequality
rapid population growth and profound diversification
Data Source: Ryan Robinson, Population Histories and Forecasts 2018
Economic Growth Year over year percent change in job growth
Data Source: Texas Workforce Commission and US Bureau of Labor Statistics, CES
Non-Farm Payroll Jobs
Majority-Minority
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 1990, 2000, 2010 Decennial Census, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
Where are Austinites from?
18% of Austinites were born outside of the US
Most Common Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Population: 1.
Mexico
2.
India
3.
China
4.
Honduras
5.
Vietnam
6.
South Korea
7.
El Salvador
8.
Guatemala
9.
Cuba
10.
Canada
Foreign Born - Africa 1%
Foreign Born Latin America 11%
Foreign Born - Asia 5% Foreign Born - Europe 1%
US born - other territory 2%
US born - West 7% US born - South 8%
29% of Austinites were born outside of Texas but within the US
US born Midwest 7%
US born - Northeast 5% Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Born in Texas 53%
Language Diversity Most Common Languages Spoken in Austin: 1.
Spanish
2.
Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese)
3.
Arabic
4.
Vietnamese
5.
Korean
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
Austin Age Structure by Race and Ethnicity 65 plus
66.1%
55 to 64
19.0%
62.2%
45 to 54
24.8%
51.8%
49.8%
33.7%
25 to 34
50.3%
31.7%
41.5%
10 to 17
36.8%
33.7%
0 to 9 0%
10%
7.3%
6.4%
9.6%
7.4%
47.6%
20%
30% White
40%
Latino
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey via Ryan Robinson
50%
African American
8.6%
60%
70%
Asian
Multiracial
80%
3.7%
6.1%
6.2%
48.3%
32.1%
4.9%
8.6%
32.4%
35 to 44
18 to 24
8.6%
8.2%
8.6%
2%
3%
8.3%
4%
6.3%
4%
6.4%
90%
5%
100%
Austin in context and its declining share of regional growth
Austin in Context •
11th Largest City in the United States
•
One of the Fastest Growing Metro Areas in the Country
•
Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area •
Travis County
•
Williamson County
•
Hays County
•
Caldwell County
•
Bastrop County
City’s share of regional growth on the decline. Austin’s take of regional population growth was only 23% last year, meaning that 77% of all new population growth in the region landed outside of Austin proper.
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census Total Population, 2017 American Community Survey Population Estimate
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program 2018
Worker Flows for Austin (2014)
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2014 On the Map
suburbs take the lead in regional growth
Data Source: New York Times, “Seattle Climbs but Austin Sprawls”; US Postal Service analysis of 2016 US Counties – US Census Bureau population and housing estimates
Between 2008 and 2016, Austin developed a land area equivalent to the size of the city of San Francisco.
Austin Developed Land Area Year
Developed Land Area
1970
53 sq mi
2010
342 sq mi
2016
372 sq mi
Austin MSA Population Change 2010 to 2017 -
Cedar Park
-
Leander
-
Georgetown
-
Pflugerville
-
Buda
-
Kyle
-
San Marcos
stubborn geographic segregation and widening disparities
Non-Hispanic White Share of Total
Neighborhoods of Color All Races and Ethnicities Other than non-Hispanic White
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses, via Ryan Robinson
Median Family Income
2016
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson
% Change from 2011 to 2016
Austin Families by Income Bracket 2000 to 2016
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 and 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, via Ryan Robinson
$100,000
$90,000
Austin Median Household Income
$87,269
$80,000
$84,406
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
In 2017 City:
$67,755
Metro Area:
$73,800
$49,472
$42,853
$40,000
$30,000
The difference between the median income of a white household and black household was over $40,000. Poverty rate = 13.1%
$20,000
$10,000
$-
2005 2006 2007 White Non-Hispanic Asian
2008
2009 2010 2011 Latino / Hispanic
2012
Median Household Income
2013
2014 2015 2016 2017 Black / African American
Austin’s recent economic success has not yet meant prosperity for all.
Shares of Household Income
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
Data Source: US Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
rising unaffordability and dynamic change
Data Source: January 2018 Austin Board of Realtors
Austin, Texas 2018 median home price:
$367,000 average rent:
$1,235 persons experiencing homelessness:
2,147 cost-burdened households:
37%
Data Source: US Census Bureau via Housing Works Austin, Austin Board of Realtors via Ryan Robinson