Drinking water, amber

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

Comparison of drinking water in Jauharabad Areas Block#2 & Block#14

Objective • To provide •

information

about

water

To aware the people about the

affect

quality. of dirty water.

Area of study Block no 2, Block no 14

Importance of water All living things are made up of water.

Water plays very important role in all fields of life.

There is 65- 75 % water in human body.

There is considerable amount of water in fruits and About three quarter of earth is made of water.

Without water there would be no life on earth.

vegetables.

% OF WATER

FOOD Lettuce

96%

Orange

86%

Mil

87%

Fish

92%

Beef

64%

Egg

75% % OF WATER

120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Be ef E gg

sh Fi

il M

ng e

O ra

Le

ttu ce

% OF WATER

 Prepared by: Amber Khursheed

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

H2 + O2

January 25, 2007

H2O

WATER molecule is the combination of two H2

and one O2

WHERE DO WE GET DRINKING WATER? Not all water is safe to drink. Water in lakes and rivers can be polluted.

Impure water has harmful Germs Many poor people still do not have pure Drinking water. Same situation is held in JBDWhere the citizen of some areas are forced to drink impure water. .

I collected the sample of water from two different places of JBD. Then I got the report about analysis of water from Laboratory for analysis of water and agriculture JBD (Khushab). My brother helped in getting the analysis report. This report was verified by District officer soil and water testing Laboratory at JBD.

We can estimate the amount of TSS through electrical conductivity.

In order to convert the electrical conductivity in to soluble salt multiplied by 0.7. The product is shown in Millionth (10,00000 th part) through this we classify the either it is suitable for drinking or not.

Classification of

water

Total soluble salt

suitability

Condition

Water contains more than 1450 (mmohs) 1150 to 1450 (mmohs/cm)

Large amount of salt unfit for drinking purpose Middle amount of salt ,but unfit for drinking purpose

0 to 1150 (mmohs/cm .

Norma Drinking amount of salt fit For drinking purpose.

According to table, and water analysis report in my project water of block no. 14 is fit for drinking purpose. Because its value is 386/270 comes in to suitable range of TSS (total soluble salt) While block no.2 has considerable amount of salt i.e. 1346/9422. That is why water of block no.2 is unfit for drinking purpose.

SAR ( sodium absorption ratio) SAR can be determined through sodium and calcium magnesium. In block no. 14 amount of SAR is normal that is 0.70. While in block no.2 amount of SAR is 25%. This is one of the reason water of block no.2 is unfit for drinking purpose.

RSC (residual sodium carbonate) We can obtain the amount of RSC by subtraction process between (ca + mg) ---- (co3 +Hco3). Block no, 2 has 17 %( R.S.C.). While block no, 14 has nil amounts.

Prepared by: Amber Khursheed

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

There are two types of water.

1. Hard water.

2. Soft water.

Hard water.

The water which contains high amount sulphites of calcium and magnesium carbonate, bicarbonate is known as hard water. In this way water of block no, 2 becomes hard water, i.e. Unfit for drinking purpose.

Soft water Soft water contains less amount sodium, chlorides, carbonate, and bicarbonate is known as soft water. So water of block no, 14 comes in to soft water.

Parameter that determines the quality of water

Factors

Standard qualities

Color

Colorless

Taste

tasteless

Odour

odourless

Presence of Microorganism Hardness effect

Should not exit Min. to Min.

Hard water causes diseases According to world health organization about 70% of world population is deprived to pure water. It is the world wide problem, but specially found in under developing countries. Impure water causes a lot number of diseases.

Tricoma Disease of

eye which causes blindness.

Liver / kidney diseases.

Stomach diseases, Typhoid, Vomiting, and Worms of alimentary canal.

In short whole system of body disordered

Prepared by: Amber Khursheed

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

Total Soluble Salt (TSS)

Calcium + Magnesium (ca+mg)

Sodiu m

Block # 2

1346/ 422

Block # 14

386/27 0

Detail.

Sample

SAR

(Na)

Carbonate ( co 3)

Bicarbo nate (Hco)

Chloride s (cl)

25.00

110

--------

8.00

60.00

3.00

0.86

-------

3.00

3.00

, 0 0.7 , 17 SAR, SAR, 31.1 , 60 , 8 0 Sodium, , 3 110 Calcium, 25

100% 80% 60%

RSC Sodiu m .ratio 31.10

17

Cond ition

unfi t FIT

0.70

----

Condition SAR

, 3 Sodium, 40% Total, 422 , 0 0.86 20% Calcium, 3 Condition, Condition, Calcium, Total, Calcium, Sodium, , SAR, Total, 0Calcium, ,0Total, 00 0 0 0 Total, 0 0 Total, 0 0% 0 0 Detail.

Block#

Sodium Calcium Total

Conclusion Water of block# 2 is unfit for drinking purpose. Because it contains large amount of soluble salt. According to water analysis report water of block #2 contains high amount soluble salts especially SAR and chlorides.

While water of block#14 has suitable amount of salts i.e. fit for drinking purpose.

Importance of waer related to human nutrition Water is very important for human body. Human being cannot survive with out water. Water helps in digestion of food.

Water keeps body temperature moderate. Water keeps the human blood dilute. Dilution property of blood is important for normal circulation of blood. Water keeps the body temperature moderate.

People which live hot and dry areas require more water as compare those who live in cool region. A normal healthy and

adult

person require 10---12

glass

daily.

Components

Percentage

water

65%

Protein

18%

carbohydrates

5%

Fats

10%

ca rb o

hy dr at es

ro te in P

w at er

C O

M P

O N

EN

TS

0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

Suggestion Prepared by: Amber Khursheed

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

• We

can

January 25, 2007

purify

the

water

by

adding

certain

• Water should be boiled be fore drinking. Boiling remove the hardness affect.

Ca(Hco3)

caco3 +

H2o

chemicals. process

+ Co2

• We can use Clark’s method for purification of water. in this method calcium hydroxide is added in hard water , So soluble bicarbonate of calcium and Magnesium is converted soluble carbon Ca(Hco3)2 + Ca(O H)2 Caco3 + •

H2o

Government should insert water purification plants. It duty of government to provide pure water their citizen.

Prepared by: Amber Khursheed

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

is