Earthquake, ghazala

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

(In 8 Oct, 2005)

Prepared by:

January 27, 2007

Prepared By: Ghazala

Ghazala COM Student UE, Jauharabad

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

1

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

2

(In 8 Oct, 2005)

♣ Objectives: 1: To provide awareness about Earthquake.

2: To tell about the causes of Earthquake.

3: To tell how we can rebuke big disaster?

♣ Introduction: Once there were wording from ancient people that earth rests upon the horns of a bull and when the bull shakes them earthquake occurs. But now they believe that earth has tectonic plates and when the move energy in the form of seismic waves is released and sets surface of earth in motion.

♣ Scientist’s view: Scientists say that earth crust is made up of 10 to 25 plates.

These plates are gigantic pieces of rock that make up our continents and ocean floors. Although we cant feel it. These

Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

3

plates are always moving around the globe. Earthquake can occur when two plates collide.

♣ Unforgotten Event: In morning of October 8 and the time of 8.50am will remain etched on the memory of everybody in the country. That was day when saw the ground, which we experienced as being firm, shake like a leaf. The earthquake registered 7.6 on the Richter scale. On October 8, a massive earthquake struck Pakistan and neighboring India and Afghanistan. The most severe damage is near the earthquake’s epicenter, approximately 60 miles north-northeast of Pakistan capital, Islamabad.These ere the days that become the part of history as they relate to an unforgettable incident and are remembered forever.October, 8, 2005 is probably one such day, the most disaster days of history in terms of destruction caused by any natural earthquake in the world. Around four million people have been dislocated 80,000 are conformed dead and another 125,000 are badly injured.

We can estimate how much injured and deaths occur in Pakistan India and Afghanistan according to this table.

Table: 1: Estimated Death Toll.

(In 8 October, 2005)

Location Pakistan India Afghanistan Total(approx)

Death 79,000 1,329 4 80,333+

Injured 75,038 4,500 79,538+

Figure 1: Heaviest Disaster:

Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

4

The heaviest damage occurred in the Muzaffarabad, area, Kashmir were entire destroyed. At least 32,335 buildings collapsed in Baramula, Jammu, and Srinager.More over building collapsed in Abbottabad, Gujranwala, Islamabad, Gujrat, Lahore and Rawalpindi.

♠ Main causes 1: Scientist’s Opinion:

The causes of earthquake are explained by the scientists in this way. It is pointed out by the scientists that the is based on seven plates collide or push against each other and this happen along a fault, line. The fault, line in the meeting point or location of two or more plates. The one that hit Pakistan was caused when the Indian plates pushed against Eurasian slate released vast amount of energy. This caused Earthquake.

2: Religious point of view: It is held by the people that such huge and colossal disaster is a manifestation of God’s anger at a people going astray. This view has been explained and illustrated in many traditions of Holy prophet and the surah,s of the Holy Quran.Many nations in the past faced such disasters when they suffered from moral turpitude and ethical shortcoming. However the belief in religious version Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

5

should not make us indifferent to study the nature of disasters from the scientific point of view.

3: Defective building material: The main cause of such disaster in the effected area is due to defective building material. Because the material which use in our building very local and rough. We should use flexible material in our building. We should make our building with modern design.

Figure 2: Relief Funds by Donors

Relief measures: The earthquake awakened the entire nation from slumber. People from all walks of life sprang into the action.

There were relief centers were set up in every street and on every road of towns and cities. The religious and social organizations stepped up and began to do rehabilitation work.

The army soldiers were galvanized into action. Since the roads were blocked the helicopter service was deployed to help and aid the wounded and shelterlesss people. Fire proof tents, food, articles and clothes were transported to the affected areas.

In the initial estimate, more than five lake houses are needed by the people. It evolves a huge amount of money. But the economy of Pakistan is in a weak position. It cannot raise such a heavy powerful and rich countries. We should need a billion of dollars for rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

6

Aid for rebuilding and Resettlement of homeless habitants: The financial and material aid from countries, international organization, NGO, s and individual is pouring in, which is a great support. On the cash side a total of 1.4 billion dollars has been pledged to Pakistan and 380 million dollars of that has already been handed over. Never in history have so many countries and organization mobilized in reaching out to affected areas. It seems the whole world is with us in our hour of grief.R.S 5.5 billion have been contributed by Pakistan to the president’s relief fund so far.

Figure: 3 Relief Aid

Aid from International Donors: International donors pledged to provide 85.827 billion, including about 81.9 billion grants. The grants including in cash, in kind, donation to NGO, s the AJK, government and contributions to the president relief fund. We can estimate that how many countries rushed to help the earthquake hit people.

Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

7

Table 2: Estimated of donation SR.NO

Countries

Relief Aid

1

Sweden

845million

2

Morocco

85million

3

India

825millon

4

Denmark

825millon

Italy

815millon

6

Switzerland

846millon

7

Finland

810millon

8

Azerbaijan

81.4millon

9

Iran

8200millon

10

Ireland

846millon

11

Japan

8100millon

12

Turkey

8150millon

5

The World Bank and Asian development bank each contributed the 81 billon Islamic development bank 8501 million.

Figure:4 Relief Aid

♌ Suggestions: Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

8

1: Improved building matrial: In the Consultation with renewed foreign and local town planners and architects, the authority must evolve a master plan for the affected region.

We should reconstruction of town with modern design. Should be codified by law that building must be earthquake proof.

2: Proper relief operation network: There is need to develop a database for all government, non government and NGO, s connected with disasters resulting from rain flood, earthquake, and fire etc.Planning should also be made to monitor the preventive measures to pre-empt and forestall manmade disasters. Organization should be made for continuous preparedness emergency response and act fast to manage and control relief operations in the event of disasters.

3: Procedural Framework: A comprehensive set of procedural framework will have to be devised for carrying out various operations of managers. This is imperative in the view of the diversified nature of possible disasters. Preventive monitoring crew and emergency response staff will have to be separated in view of different areas of responsibilities and functions and training patterns.

Figure: 5 Procedural Framework

â™ Conclusion: Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad

Submitted to Sir. Inam

January 25, 2007

9

October, 8 was an ill fated day in the history of Pakistan. It caused massive destruction to human life and property.

Within no moment, the cities, town and villages became graveyards and deserted places. The earthquake put a new life into Pakistan nation. Good moral values such as love sympathy, fellow feeling sacrifice and good will came to surface.

The army of Pakistan soon sprang to action and with the help of helicopter, relief goods were transported to the affected people.

Prepared By: Ghazala

COM Student

UE, Jauharabad