Boletín 181 - Prueba pauta

Noviembre 2021

Edición 181

BOLETÍN La propuesta del IAASB del nuevo estándar de auditoría de estados financieros para entidades Análisis general de los cambios a los beneficios fiscales por inversiones en fuentes no Reducción revelaciones de subsidiarias ¿Qué significa ESG? ¿Cómo debe ser la capacitación del líder que toma decisiones basadas en datos?

Cómo los contadores pueden ayudar a las pymes en suproceso de digitalización Una publicación reciente de Accountancy Europe revela cómo los contadores públicos pueden apoyar a las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en su proceso de digitalización. A continuación, encontrará los puntos claves que aborda este informe.

Por Clenia Causil, asistente de investigación Técnica del INCP

Los contadores pueden ayudar a las pymes a digitalizarse porque:

Les ayuda a ser más eficientes, innovadoras, competitivas y diversas.

Les facilita afrontar los desafíos comerciales diarios.

Las enfoca en promover servicios que las ayuden a crecer.

Los negocios digitalizados afrontan mejor los retos económicos y sociales ante una crisis.

Identifican, evalúan y asesoran sobre riesgos y oportunidades.

Son sus asesores de confianza

¿Por qué la digitalización es fundamental para las pymes?

Les permite acceder a nuevos mercados y clientes.

Poseen una amplia experiencia sobre este tipo de empresas y entienden sus fundamentos económicos De ser necesario, direccionan a expertos especializados en un ecosistema pyme más amplio.

Mantienen contacto directoy permanentecon suspropietarios ogerentes Proponen medidas rentables y personalizadas para la digitalización.

Cuestionan los supuestos sobre el funcionamiento del negocio

Se encargan de la planificación, las finanzas, el flujo de caja, los temas fiscales y de cumplimiento, la contabilidad, etc.

Los contadores pueden apoyar la digitalización de las pymes en dos áreas:

1

Sistemas contables electrónicos y digitalización de datos

Para facilitar la recopilación, la disponibilidad y el análisis de la información y de esta manera conducir a una mejor planificación empresarial, reacciones más eficaces a las circunstancias cambiantes y mejores predicciones sobre su propia perspectiva de negocio.

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Esta estrategia se puede materializar en tres pasos: 1 Recopilación de datos Planificar y mejorar el costo de la digitalización: evaluar el valor comercial, garantizar que los nuevos sistemas sei ntegren sin problemas al negocio.

Digitalizar los procesos de contabilidad para hacer frente a nuevos requisitos, como informes en tiempo real, cumplimiento fiscal digital, comercio electrónico y facturación electrónica, o transacciones de ventas en línea y plataformas de pago.

Diseñar procesos internos y desarrollar las habilidades digitales de las pymes en áreas como ciberseguridad, control interno y sistemas de estados financieros.

2 Procesamiento de datos Centralizar e integrar todas las fuentes de datos en conjuntos de datos combinados.

Configurar indicadores clave de rendimiento y cuadros de mando para evaluar la visualización de datos.

De ser relevante, fomentar un cambio de la contabilidad de caja a la contabilidad de acumulación o devengo.

3 Analisis de datos Valor agregado por medio del análisis de la información digitalizada y automatizada.

2

Digitalización y transformación de modelo de negocio

Esta estrategia puede incluir un enfoque en: Educación organizacional Apoyar la reorganización interna y las implificación de procesos.

La digitalización relacionada con los datos ayudaría a las pymes a migrar a un modelo de comercio electrónico. Esto mitigaría los riesgos de solvencia mediante mejores pronósticos, el uso de indicadores clave de rendimiento y el mantenimiento de registros automatizados y centralizados de información para desarrollar una mejor planificación comercial.

Promover la estandarización y la interoperabilidad entre sistemas y procedimientos.

Recursos humanos Formación continua para los directores y el personal de las pymes para ayudar a los servicios de recursos humanos a adaptarse a un modelo de negocio digital.

Digitalización de los principales procesos Digitalizar los sistemas de cumplimiento fiscal; comercio electrónico; supervisión de gastos y costos en línea; ventas en línea; facturación electrónica; marketing y atención al cliente, etc.

Transformación del modelo de negocio Adoptar un sistema de gestión de relaciones con el cliente en línea centrado en la calidad.

Utilizar el almacenamiento en línea.

Dar un nuevo significado al uso del espacio físico.

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ENHANCING CORPORATE REPORTING SUSTAINABILITY BUILDING BLOCKS: ENCOURAGING CONSISTENT, COMPARABLE AND ASSURABLE SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION

BUILDING BLOCK APPROACH

BLOCK

Enables enterprise value reporting for investors & other providers of financial capital:

Disclosures, indicators and contextual information addressing sustainable development, impacts, or public policy objectives

2 MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FOCUSED

Identifies those sustainability factors material to short, medium, long-term enterprise value

• Global Standards or Guidance • Jurisdiction-Specific Requirements

SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING

Establishes a consistent baseline of assurable information for investors and global capital markets (i.e., through standards to be set by an IFRS International Sustainability Standards Board – “ISSB”)

INTEROPERABILITY

1

Financially material disclosure topics & performance metrics addressing sustainability impacts relevant to enterprise value

INVESTOR FOCUSED

Includes qualitative information about governance, strategy and risk management of material sustainability factors

• IFRS Sustainability Standards and Guidance

SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION MATERIAL TO ENTERPRISE VALUE

1

BLOCK

2

Enables multi-stakeholder reporting on sustainable development: Captures impacts of a reporting entity on economy, environment, and people that are not already in Block 1 May be required by jurisdictions in support of the UN SDGs or specific public policy objectives (e.g., EU Green Deal) Could be globally applicable standards or guidance (using widely accepted sustainability reporting initiatives such as GRI) and/or jurisdiction-specific requirements

Includes performance targets and quantitative metrics for material sustainability factors, both cross industry (e.g., similar to WEF core metrics) and industry specific (e.g., similar to SASB)

Interoperability between Multi-Stakeholder Focused Sustainability Reporting and InvestorFocused Sustainability Information Material to Enterprise Value allows companies to collect specific information on a given sustainability matter once, and to use that same information to serve reporting requirements under either Block 1 or Block 2.

SUSTAINABILITY MATTERS CAN BE VIEWED THROUGH DIFFERENT LENSES: ENABLING A COMPREHENSIVE CORPORATE REPORTING SYSTEM Globally-applicable or Jurisdiction-specific Standards, Guidance or Requirements

BLOCK

2

MULTISTAKEHOLDER FOCUSED SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING

BLOCK INVESTOR FOCUSED SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION MATERIAL TO ENTERPRISE VALUE

Reporting on an entity’s economy, environment, and people impacts not captured by enterprise value

Sustainable Development, Impacts, and Public Policy

Already represented as monetary amounts in the financial statements and disclosures

1

+

Financial GAAP

EXAMPLE: Carbon emissions enter the outermost box as society becomes aware of climate change; the middle box as investors start to factor a net zero transition into their asset allocation decisions; and the small box as financial consequences are required (under financial GAAP) to be reflected in the financial statements.

Copyright © 2021 by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). All rights reserved.

Financial GAAP

Information for providers of financial capital and economic decision-making (integrated with financial reporting to create a more complete picture of enterprise value)

Enterprise Value

Over time, conditions such as stakeholder pressures, regulations, and changing investor preferences influence which lens is most relevant and which type of reporting requirement (i.e., building block) is most applicable.

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Reporting on those sustainability matters that create or erode enterprise value in long-term performance and that investors may factor into investment and shareholder voting decisions

IFRS ISSB Standards

HOW GLOBAL STANDARDS BECOME LOCAL USING THE SUSTAINABILITY BUILDING BLOCKS Investor-focused sustainability information, integrated with financial reporting, provides a more complete picture of enterprise value. A global system for sustainability-related reporting that results in comparable, decision-useful, and assurable information—for investors, capital markets and other stakeholders—depends on jurisdiction-specific decisions to use, implement, and apply international standards.

Framework for transitioning global standards into local standards LEGAL FRAMEWORK: Legislative or regulatory processes in a country provide both the framework for corporate reporting (including sustainability-related disclosures) and the mandate to use standards developed by an independent,

As a global standard setter, the ISSB intends to develop IFRS sustainability standards for use by all jurisdictions. These standards are intended to form a baseline of decision useful information (disclosure topics and metrics) that addresses sustainability impacts relevant to short-, medium-, and long-term enterprise value.

The decision to use international sustainability standards is part of the Building Blocks Approach— implementing and enforcing BLOCK 1 reporting requirements established by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) in combination with any jurisdiction-specific BLOCK 2 (i.e., development, impact, or policy based) reporting requirements.

BLOCK

BLOCK 1 global standards are voluntary by nature; each jurisdiction will need a local mechanism to implement these standards in a manner that makes them enforceable (or effective as guidance) for reporting on sustainability-related matters. This mechanism may already be in place for implementing IFRS financial reporting standards (see next page).

private sector body such as the ISSB.

BLOCK 2 requirements are set by jurisdiction level authorities and do not require the same type of mechanism.

agency established by legislation

1

delegate such matters to a “competent authority” / regulator.

COMPETENT AUTHORITY: A government ministry or a separate (e.g., a securities regulator / IOSCO member) is typically designated with responsibility for reporting requirements in public securities markets and is

INVESTOR FOCUSED

IFRS Sustainability Standards

SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION MATERIAL TO ENTERPRISE VALUE

BLOCK

In some jurisdictions, existing laws

Jurisdiction-specific Implementation Mechanism

Comprehensive System

INTEROPERABILITY

2

held accountable for compliance with legislative requirements.

OVERSIGHT: Independent oversight of global and regional standardsetting bodies, as well as jurisdictionlevel implementation activities, helps

MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FOCUSED

Local authority determines requirements

Jurisdiction Requirements

SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING

ensure that the public interest is served throughout the standard-setting and implementation process.

Block 1 is the focus of this diagram; Block 2 is included for context.

BLOCK 1

PATHWAYS TO IMPLEMENTATION Use process for adopting IFRS Standards OR something different?

Jurisdiction-specific Implementation Mechanism DESIGNATED BODY: Unless a jurisdiction adopts the ISSB and its standards directly into local law, a designated body (e.g., an existing or new standard-setter or a special purpose adoption/endorsement entity) must recommend or determine that ISSB global standards should be enforced locally. Active engagement by this designated body in standard-setting activities, coupled with outreach to local stakeholders, serves to inform the ISSB standard-setting and jurisdictional recommendation process.

Financial reporting standards set by the IASB have been adopted and implemented in more than 140 jurisdictions.

There are existing, proven mechanisms already in place that may be adapted to include sustainability standards set by the ISSB, which falls under the same governance arrangements as the IASB. CONSIDERATIONS TO INFORM THE DECISION TO MAKE GLOBAL STANDARDS LOCAL

1

Will the reporting requirement promote fair and efficient markets?

CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS

2

Will corporate reporting be enhanced by new or additional disclosures that are consistent, comparable, and enforceable?

3

Will the standards lead to relevant matters being reported in a fair and balanced manner?

STATEMENT OF INTENT: The jurisdiction has publicly stated its intent to move toward ISSB reporting requirements.

AUTHORITY & OVERSIGHT: Clear legislative and regulatory authority/oversight supports the legitimate application of the standards in the jurisdiction.

Outcome: Consistent, comparable, assurable baseline of sustainability information for capital markets (BLOCK 1), which is complemented by jurisdiction-specific reporting requirements (BLOCK 2)

SCOPE OF APPLICATION: The scope of covered entities (domestic and/or foreign) that are required or allowed to use the ISSB’s standards is clearly defined.

PROCESS FOR APPLICATION: Effective, transparent due process has been established that facilitates jurisdictional implementation of ISSB reporting standards/requirements.

ASSURANCE: Assurance reports state whether information was prepared in conformity with ISSB standards.

Copyright © 2021 by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). All rights reserved.

copyright

New mechanism required

Use existing mechanism to adopt both IASB and ISSB standards

FOR EXAMPLE Endorsement of the ISSB or a standard-by-standard approach to making sustainability standards part of the local legal framework that governs corporate reporting Incorporation of the ISSB’s standards into local corporate reporting requirements Memoranda of Understanding between the ISSB and local standard-setting bodies/regulators to set standards identical to those of the ISSB Reference as best practices with guidance to follow ISSB standards (applies where sustainability disclosure requirements are not prescriptive) Achieving equivalency over time through convergence with pre-existing, local sustainability disclosure requirements

EITHER PATH SHOULD SUCCESSFULLY TRANSITION GLOBAL STANDARDS INTO LOCAL STANDARDS

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