India perspectives may june'14 tamil by Indian Diplomacy

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,e;jpa juprdk; njhFjp 28 n ntspaPL 2 n Nk-a+d; 2014

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CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087

njh: +91.11.43011111 > njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

indiaperspectives@maxposure.in Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

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,e;jpa murhq;fk; ehl;bYs;s MW khepyq;fSf;Ff; FWf;Nf ifj;njhopy; tyankhd;iw cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; by;yp Kk;ig ifj;njhopy; ,iltopia (DMIC) tbtikj;Js;sJ. ,e;j ,yl;rpar; nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;ff; $ba ed;ikfs; njhlu;ghf ehk; rpwpJ Nehf;FNthk; ,e;j by;yp Kk;ig ifj;njhopy; ,iltopahdJ> jiyefug; gpuhe;jpak;> ùpahdh> ,uh[];jhd;> cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Nghl;bapLk; jd;ik nfhz;l F[uhj;> k`huh];l;uh Mfpa gpuhe;jpaq;fspD} R+oy;> ntspehl;L KjyPLfis Nkk;gLj;jp cs;ehl;L lhfg; ngUk;ghYk; Vw;fdNt cs;s Gifapujg; tu;j;jfj;ij capu;g;gpj;J epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jpia ghijfSf;Fr; rkhe;jukhf mikf;fg;gLk;. miltjw;fhd cyfstpy; jFjpahd #oiyAk; by;ypf;Fk; Kk;igf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ,e;j mjpAaH mgptpUj;jp kl;l cl;fl;likg;igAk; mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ruf;Fg; ghijapd; nkhj;j nfhz;l xU cWjpahd nghUshjhuj; jsj;ij ePsj;jpy; 77 rjtPjk; ,uh[];jhd; (39%) F[uhj; cUthf;Ftjw;fhf> ,e;jpahtpd; tu;j;jf (38%) Mfpa ,U khepyq;fspYk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; mikr;rpdhy; gutpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjw;F mLj;j tbtikf;fg;gl;l xU vz;zf;fUthFk;. gbahf ùpahdh> k`huh];l;uh Mfpa by;yp Kk;ig cz;ikapy;> by;yp Kk;ig ifj;njhopy; khepyq;fspYk; (xt;nthd;wpYk; 10%) ifj;njhopy; ,iltopahdJ> cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; cj;jug; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; by;yp Njrpa ghijahdJ> Nritfs; jsj;ij tpupTgLj;jp jiyefug; gpuhe;jpak; vd;gtw;wpYk; mjid Xu; cyfshtpa cw;gj;jp (nkhj;j ePsj;jpy; xt;nthd;Wk; juepakq;fisf; kw;Wk; tu;j;jf kj;jpa epiyakhf 1.5%) gutpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhz;l khjupf; mgptpUj;jp nra;tJ njhlu;gpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s Gifapujg; ghijj; ifj;njhopy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;w ru;tNjr njhFjpf;Fk; mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrkhf juj;jpyhd khjpupf; ifj;njhopy; ruf;Fg; ghijf;Fk; ,ilapy; mikaTs;sJ ghijnahd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhf Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; gupkhw;wj;jpw;fhf> ,Wjp tbtikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. Kidaq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf cj;Njr by;yp Kk;ig ifj;njhopy; ghijapy; xd;gJ re;jp epiyaq;fis ,iltopahdJ by;ypf;Fk; Kk;igf;Fk; ,ilapy; mikg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. by;yp Kk;ig 1>483 fpNyh kPw;wu; ePsj;ijf; nfhzljhf mikAk;. ifj;njhopy; ,iltopr; nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; Xu; mJ by;yp Njrpa jiyefug; gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s mq;fkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;glTs;s ifj;njhopy; jf;yhfhghj; kw;Wk; jj;up> Kk;igapYs;s efuq;fs; mLj;JtUk; %d;W jrhg;jq;fspy; Rkhu; [tù; yhy; NeU JiwKfk; vd;gtw;wpy; ,Wjp 100 gpy;ypad; Mnknlhyu;fis KjyPlhff; ftUk; Kidaq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j cj;Njr vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjyhk; fl;lj;jpy;> ruf;Fg; ghijahdJ cj;jug; gpuNjrk;> by;yp Njrpa jyh xt;nthU efuj;jpw;Fk; (xU efuj;jpw;F 3>000

Nk-a+d;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Ndw;wk;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Ndw;wk;

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by;yp ,J tu;j;jfu;fSf;Fk; KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;Fk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. by;yp Njrpa jiyefug; gpuhe;jpakhdJ neha;lh> Fu;fhxd;> guPjhghj;> fh]pahghj; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhfTk; tl ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpakhd tu;j;jf kj;jpa epiyakhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,k;khepyj;jpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp> jw;Nghija tpiyfspd; gb 2002-03 fhyg; gFjpapy; 15.9 gpy;ypad; mnk.nlhyu;fspypUe;J 2003-04 fhyg;gFjpapy; 17.8 gpy;ypad; mnk. nlhyu;fshf mjpfupj;jJ. ,J 12.1 rjtPj tsu;r;rpahFk;. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;fhd Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshf> khepy cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 17.8 gpy;ypad; mnk.nlhyu;fshf cs;sik (2004)> Nritfs; Jiwapdhy; ce;jg;gl;l Jupjkhf tsu;r;rpailAk; nghUshjhuk;> ,e;jpahtpy; Neub ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fshy; mjpfk; tpUk;gg;gLk; ,uz;lhtJ gpuhe;jpakhf cs;sik> Efu;Tg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fhu;fSf;fhd kpfg; ngupa Efu;T epiyakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wik> “mjp nry;te;j" kw;Wk; “nry;te;j" tPLfs; kpfr; nrwpthff; fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrkhfTk; ftu;r;rpahd cy;yhrg; gpuahzj;Jf;fhd ,lkhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wik vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. by;yp khepykhdJ khepy cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 77 rjtPjk; Nritfs; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;igf; nfhz;l kpfTk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd nghUshjhuq;fspy; xd;whFk;.

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epfo;rr ; pfisj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dH thf;fhsHfspd; ,J Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr gq;Nfw;ghsHfspw;fhd xU mwpTj;jpwd;> kdg;ghd;ik> elj;ij kw;Wk; eilKiwfs; gapw;rp kw;Wk; ts ikakhf Nritahw;WfpwJ. ,J (Nf.V.gP.gp) Kjypait njhlHghd xU tpQ;Qhd mikf;fg;gl;L %d;W tUlq;fspy;> Mapuf;fzf;fhd fUj;jha;T elj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ> nghJr; cs;ehl;L jiyik gapw;rpahsHfs; ,Ug;gJ jtpu> 40 r%fk; kw;Wk; Clf khepyj; NjHjYld; $l;bize;Js;s ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspd; NjHjy; KfhikahsHfspw;F xt;nthUtiuAk; gjpTnra;J gq;Fgw;w itg;gjpy; mspf;Fk; gapw;rpapYk; gq;Nfw;W tpl;lJ. NjHjy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Mizak; typik ngw;Wr; nry;ifapy;> rpy kiwthd ,r;#o;epiyapy; Vw;gl;l tuyhw;W Fiwfs; ,d;dKk; vq;fspw;F njhe;juT Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f mgptpUj;jpfspy; jUfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ NjHjy; xd;W 2011 Mk; tUlk; njhlf;fk; NjHjy;fspy; Gof;fj;jpy; tUk; fWg;Gg; xt;nthU tUl [dtup 25 Mk; gzj;jpd; gq;fhFk;> ,J rkkhd NjHjy; nraw;ghl;ilj; jpfjpiaAk; Njrpa thf;fhsH jpdk; fsj;ijf; Fog;gp> Rje;jpukhd> NeHikahd J}a;ikahf;Fk; (vd;.tp.b) vd;W gpufldg;gLj;jpaik NjHjy;fis ,opTgLj;JfpwJ. Fw;w Nehf;fpy; MFk;. ,jd; Nehf;fk; thf;fhsHfspd;> tof;Ffspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l Ntl;ghsHfspd; ,e;jpa Fwpg;ghf Gjpjhf jFjpngw;wtHfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;J tUtJk; NrHf;ifia mjpfupg;gjhFk;. ehd;fhtJ tUj;jg;glf; $ba tplak; jhd;. NjHjy; vd;.tp.b If; nfhz;lhLk; Kd;dNu NjHjy; nraw;ghl;ilj; J}a;ikahf;Fk; Mizak; Nkyjpf thf;fhsHfspd; vz;zpf;if Nehf;fpy; ,e;jpa NjHjy; Mizak; gy rPHjpUj;j 100 kpy;ypaidj; jhz;btpl;lJ. ,e;j gy rPHjpUj;j Kd;nkhopTfis khjpupiaj; jhKk; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; NtW gy Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ> MfNt jhd; ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfis ehLfSk; MHtk; fhl;bAs;sd. ];jhgdj;jhy; rpwe;j MSik kw;Wk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ ,e;jpa NjHjy;fspd; ntw;wpahdJ ,e;jpa Coyw;w murpaiyf; nfhz;L tu NjHjy; Mizaj;jpd; nrayhl;rpapYs;s KbAk;. ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfspy; rpy mwpTj;jpwd;> jpwikfs; kw;Wk; epGzHfis murpay; Fw;wkpioj;jy;> gpur;rhu epjpia ehLtjw;Fk; gfpHtjw;Fk; cyfpYs;s kw;iwa [dehaf xOq;FgLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; murpay; fl;rpfspw;fpilapy; ehLfspw;Fk; Cf;fkspj;Js;sJ. cyfshtpa Njit cl;Gw [dehaj;ijg; NgZjy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; mjpfupg;Gf;F gjpyspf;ifapy;> Fwpg;ghf Mgpupf;f-Mrpa njhlHGgLfpd;wd. ,r;rHP jpUj;jq;fis mKy;gLj;jpaJk;> kw;Wk; nghJeytha ehLfspypUe;J tUk; Njitf;fhf> cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa [dehaf ehlhd ,e;jpah cyfpd; Mizak; MdJ [dehafk; kw;Wk; NjHjy; epHthf kpfr;rpwe;j ehL vd;w ,yf;fpw;F mUfpy; mbnaLj;J ,e;jpa rHtNjr epWtdj;ij (I.I.b.<.vk;) epWtpaJ. itf;Fk;. fyhepjp v];.it fpa+iu\pia Utpw;wupy; gpd;njhluTk; -

,e;j MrpupaH ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dhs; jiyikj; NjHjy; MizaH

#@DrSYQuraishi

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

cz;ik epytuj; njhFg;G

,e;jpahtpd; ghuhSkd;w

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cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa NjHjy; nray;Kiw gw;wpa rpy MHtkpf;f cz;ikfs; kw;Wk; tpsf;fq;fis cq;fSf;F ehq;fs; toq;FfpNwhk;

NjHjy;fs; vg;NghJ eilngWfpd;wd? rig Kd;Ng fiyf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy;> xt;nthU Ie;J tUlj;jpYk; ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfspd; Mjuit murhq;fk; ,of;Fk; NghJ kw;Wk; khw;W murhq;fk; xd;W murhq;fj;ij njhlu ,ayhj NghJ> Nyhf; rghit FbauRj; jiytH fiyj;J tpl;L miof;Fk;NghJ 2014 Mk; tUlk; eilngw cs;s NjHjy; 16 tjhf cs;sJ. KjyhtJ nghJj; NjHjy; 1951-1952 ,y; eilngw;wJ.

murpay; fl;rpfs; NjHe;jy; newpfs; mtHfspd; elj;ijia ek;gpNa ngUk;ghYk; cs;sd ,e;jpa NjHjy; fkp\Dld; gjpTnra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

2009 Mk; tUl nghJj; NjHjypy; gq;Fgw;wpa murpay; fl;rpfs; Njrpaf; fl;rpfs; Khepyf; fl;rpfs; gjpTnra;j (mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj) fl;rpfs;

Njrpaf; fl;rpfs;

khepyf; fl;rpfs;

322

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l (mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj) fl;rpfs; ,e;jpa juprdk;

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NjHjy; nray;Kiw – NghHf;fsj;ij KbT nra;jy;

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ghuhSkd;w njhFjpfshf gpupj;jy; ,e;jpah KOtJkhf 543 NjHjy; njhFjpfshf

423

gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 28 khepyq;fSf;F vd;W xJf;fg;gl;l gjtpfspd;

nghJ

mbg;gilapYk;> VO a+dpad; gpuNjrq;fspy; mjd; rdj;;njhif mbg;gilapYk;. ,e;jpa NjHjy; Mizaj;jhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLk; msT kw;Wk; tbtk;. 545 rPl;Lfspy; 543 rPl;Lfis epug;Gtjw;fhf xt;nthU njhFjpapypUe;Jk; xU cWg;gpdH Nyhf; rghtpw;F NjHe;njLf;fg;gLthH. Mq;fpNyh-,e;jpad; r%fj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L cWg;gpdHfis FbauRj; jiytH gupe;Jiu nra;thH.

ahH vy;yhk; thf;fspf;f KbAk;? tUlj;jpd;; [dtup 1 Mk; jpfjpad;W 18 taJ epuk;Gk; ve;jnthU ,e;jpa FbkfDk; NkYk; me;j njhFjpapy; rhjhuzkhf trpj;J tUgtUk;. nghJthd taJ te;NjhH thf;Fupik mbg;gilapy; jFjpAs;s thf;fhsH mtHfSf;fhd njhFjpapy; gjpTnra;a Ntz;Lk;. ntspehl;by; trpf;Fk; ,e;jpa Fbkf;fSk; mtHfspd; flTr;rPl;by; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpyhrj;jpy; gjpTnra;J nfhs;syhk;.

v];rp –f;F . xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

GjpaJ vd;d Nkw;$wpa vJTk; ,y;iy (Nehl;lh) 2013 Mk; tUl khepy rl;lrigj; NjHjy;fspy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. EVM -,y; ngUk;ghYk; ,Wjp gl;ldhf ,Uf;Fk;. thf;fhsH ve;jnthU Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; Xl;lspf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;why; mtH ,e;j gl;lid mOj;jyhk;.

thf;fhsH rupghHj;j fhfpj jzpf;if Nrhjid (VVPAT) ,ufrpakhd thf;nfLg;G %yk; thf;fspj;jy; 2004 tUl nghJj; NjHjypypUe;J ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

3,829

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1,623 cWg;gpdHfs;

khepy fl;rpfspd; cWg;gpdHfs;

759

thf;fspg;gpy; gq;Fgw;Wjy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj fl;rpfspd; cWg;gpdHfs;

1,859

Ntl;ghsHfs; ahH vy;yhk; Nghl;bapl KbAk;? thf;fhsuhf gjpTnra;j ve;jnthU ,e;jpa FbkfDk; NkYk; 25 taJf;F NkYs;s midtUk;. VNjDk; xU fl;rpiar; NrHe;jtH my;yJ jdpahf ,Ug;gtH. xt;nthU Ntl;ghsUk; ghJfhg;G itg;Gj;njhifia nrYj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. nghJ Ntl;ghsUf;F 25,000 &gh itg;Gj;njhifAk; v];rp kw;Wk; v];up Ntl;ghsUf;F 12,500 &gh itg;Gj;njhifAk; jq;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fs;> fld;fs;> Fw;wk;rhH gpd;Gyk; kw;Wk; fy;tpj; jFjp njhlHghd cWjpr; rhd;Wfis Ntl;ghsHfs; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

thf;fhsH gl;bay;fs; xt;nthU njhFjpapYk; ,Uf;Fk; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l thf;fhsHfspd; gl;bay;fs; tUle;NjhWk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk; rfy gl;bay;fSk; fzpdp kakhf;fg;gl;lit kw;Wk; thf;fhsH xt;nthUtupdJk; Gifg;glq;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.

thf;fhsH Gifg;gl milahs ml;il (EPIC) thf;fhsH Gifg;gl milahs ml;il xt;nthU jdpg;gl;l thf;fhsUk; gjpTnra;Ak;NghJ toq;fg;gl;lJ ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Kiwahd thf;fhsH fy;tp kw;Wk; NjHjy; gq;F (SVEEP) Kiwahd thf;fhsH fy;tp kw;Wk; NjHjy; gq;F. NjHjypy; gq;Nfw;wiy Kd;Ndw;w kw;Wk; [dehaf gq;Nfw;wy; fyhr;rhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;. ,e;jpahtpd; NjHjy; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpa gFjp.

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

cz;ik epytuj; njhFg;G Xl;lspg;G Kfhikj;Jtk; ,yj;jpudpay; thf;fspg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,ufrpakhd thf;nfLg;G %yk; thf;fspj;jy; 2004 tUl nghJj; NjHjypypUe;J ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

thf;fspg;Gr; rhtbfs;; nghJ fy;tp epiyaq;fspy; ngUk;ghYk; mikf;fg;gLk;. xt;nthU Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; 2fpNyhkPw;wUf;Fs; ve;jnthU thf;Fr; rhtbAk; 1>500 thf;fhsUf;F Nky; Nkw;nfhs;shJ.

jghy; thf;Ffs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpupTfspd; fPo; cs;s thf;fhsHfs; jghy; %yk; thf;fspf;fyhk;. NjHjypy; Ntiy nra;gtHfs;> Nrit thf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpyuJ thf;Ffis cs;slf;fpaJ.

gjpyhs; thf;fspg;G MAjg;gilfs; my;yJ ,uhZt rl;lk; nghUe;jf;$ba giliar; NrHe;j Nrit thf;fhsHfSf;F mQ;ry; topahfNth my;yJ gjpyhs; topahfNth Xl;lspf;Fk; tpUg;gj;NjHT cs;sJ.

thf;Ffis vz;Zjy; thf;fspg;gpd; midj;Jf; fl;lq;fSk; Kbe;j gpwF Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. jpUk;gptUk; mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; NjHjy; ghHitahsHfs; Kd;dpiyapy; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. midj;J 543 njhFjpfSf;Fkhd thf;F vz;zpf;if xNu ehspy; Kbe;JtpLk;. xU rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; KbTfs; mwptpf;fg;gLk;.

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa [dehaf eilKiw 2009 Mk; tUl NjHjy;fs; 8>070 Ntl;ghsHfs; 363 gjpTnra;ag;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfs; NjHjy; gzpapy; (fhty; CopaHfisAk; NrHj;J) 10 kpy;ypad; NgH 834>919 thf;fspf;Fk; epiyaq;fs; 717 kpy;ypad; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l thf;fhsHfs; 2>046 fz;fhzpg;ghsHfs; 1>39>284 Ez; fz;fhzpg;ghsHfs; 46>90>575 thf;nfLg;G CopaH

2009 Mk; tUl nghJj; NjHjy;fspd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs; mjpfgl;r thf;F epiyak;: mAiygpd; ny`; (15>300 kp)

xU Ntl;ghsUf;F mjpfgl;rk; nrYj;jg;gl;l thf;Ffs;: 8>32>224

xU Ntl;ghsUf;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; nrYj;jg;gl;l thf;Ffs;: 118

xU njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l mjpfgl;r Ntl;ghsHfs;: 43

xU njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l Fiwe;jgl;r Ntl;ghsHfs;: 3

xU njhFjpapy; thf;fspj;j mjpfgl;r

thf;fhsH tUif: 90.32% xU njhFjpapy; thf;fspj;j Fiwe;jgl;r thf;fhsH tUif: 25.55% kpfg;ngupa njhFjp (,lj;jhy;): ylhf; (N[&Nf) – 1>73>266>37 rJu fpkP rpwpa njhFjp (,lj;jhy;): rhe;jpdp rTf; (nly;yp) – 10.59 rJu fpkP kpfg;ngupa njhFjp (thf;fhsH vz;zpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;): by;ypapd; ntspg;gFjp (by;ypapd; vd;.up.rp) – 31>03>525 thf;fhsHfs; kpfr;rpwpa njhFjp (thf;fhsH vz;zpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;): yl;rjPg; - 37>619 thf;fhsHfs; xNu xU thf;fhsUf;fhf F[uhj;jpd; fpH fhLfspy; cs;s [_dh`j; khtl;lj;jpy; xU thf;fspg;G ikak; mikf;fg;gl;lJ

2014 Mk; tUl NjHjy;fs; 9>19>452 thf;fspg;G epiyaq;fs; xd;gJ thf;fspg;G ehl;fs; EVMfs; 9>08>643 fl;Lg;ghL a+dpl;Lfs; 11>83>543 thf;fspg;G gpupTfs; 74>729 tPbNahfpuhgHfs; 40>599 b[pw;wy; fkuhf;fs; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk; NjHjy; nryTj; njhif – 8,466 kpy;ypad; &gh 1>080 thf;F vz;Zk; ikaq;fs; Ie;J fl;lq;fs; xU khjj;jpw;F Nkyhf eilngWk; 814 kpy;ypad; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l thf;fhsHfs;

Mjhuk;: ,e;jpahtpd; NjHjy; Mizak;; ,e;jpa juprdk;

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Nghf;F

NjHjy; epWtdk; nghJ NjHjy;fspy; ,e;jpah xU ngupa khw;wj;ijf; fz;lwpe;Js;sJ> cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; JiwapdH jq;fSila Rw;Wg; gazj; njhFg;Gfspy; ntspehl;L ghHitahsHfis <Hf;Fk; tifapy; murpay; Nguzpfs; kw;Wk; Ntl;ghsHfSld; ciuahLjy; Mfpatw;iw xUq;fpizj;J cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; ftHe;J tUfpwJ. vOj;J gy;ytp jh$H Ngh];

murpay;> ftHr;rp> rkak;> ehlfk; kw;Wk; Mlk;guk;... vd;w tupirapy; ,e;jpahtpd; 2014 nghJj; NjHjy; ,j;jrhg;jj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa gzk; rk;ghjpf;Fk; tplakhf khwp tUfpwJ. fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g gy Gjpa Kiwfspy; jq;fis epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf murpay; tpahghukhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Mk; Mj;kpapd; tpsf;FkhWfspy; njhlq;fp eNkh gpuhz;L nry;/Nghd;fs; tiu> NjHjy; gUtkhdJ ,e;jpa [dehafj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa nfhz;lhl;lkhf Ntfkhf khwp tUfpwJ. xU epWtdk; re;ijapy; epiyngWtjw;F NjHjy; fsk; xU cy;yhrg; gpuahz epWtdkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. |kpfg;ngupa ,e;jpa NjHjiy| cyfNk

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Nghf;F

ghHj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s thf;Fngl;bfisg; glFfspy; nfhz;L tUjy; cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; JiwapdH ntspehl;bdiuf; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fhz;gJ tpj;jpahkhd mDgtj;ij ftUk; tifapy; NjHjy; njhFg;Gfis gq;fpl;L mspf;fpwJ. 2004 Mk; Mz;L NjHjy; Rw;Wyh tpw;gid nra;fpd;wdH. ,e;jpahtpw;F tUk; cy;yhrg; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ Kjy; gy ntspehl;Lf; gpuahzpfSf;F MW ,uT> VO ehs; FOtpdHfs; gpur;rhuj;jpy; ,e;jg; gazj;jpw;F 1200 m.nlhyupw;Fk; 1800 GJikahd ghzpiag; Neupy; ghHf;fg; m.nlhyupw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhFg;Gfs; gwe;J te;Js;sdH. ,e;jpahtpd; Myg;Gohtpy;> cs;sd> NkYk; murpay; fl;rpfspd; njw;Fg; gFjpapy; NjHjYf;fhf gpur;rhuq;fs; rw;W gpujpepjpfSld; fye;JiuahLjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; murpay; Nguzpfs;> tpj;jpahrkhdit> kw;Wk; murpay; Nguzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;; gjhiffs;> tpsk;gu jl;bfs; kw;Wk; mq;Nf ney; Nghd;w rYiffisAk; toq;FfpwJ. murpay; jiytHfspd; ngupa tay;fspy; murcjhuzkhf> by;yp-Mf;uh-n[a;g;g+H ntl;L tiuglq;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; pay; fl;rpfspd; gf;Nf[pd; fPo; GJby;ypapy; ntt;NtW ghHf;Fk;NghJ gy ntspehl;bdUf;F nfhbfs; jsq;fisg; ghHitaplyhk;> murpay; xU tho;ehs; mDgtkhfNt elg;gl;bUg;gijg; Nguzpfspy; gq;Nfw;fyhk;> NkYk; tpsq;FfpwJ. cj;jpu gpuNjrk;> Mf;uhtpy; cs;s F[uhj;jpy;> ntspehl;L ghHg;gJ rpwe;j jh[;k`hy; kw;Wk; ,uh[];jhd;> cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfs; thf;Fr; mDgtkhf n[a;g;g+upy; cs;s `th k`hy; rhtbfisg; ghHitapLtjw;F cs;sJ Nghd;wtw;iwf; fz;L kfpo;tNjhL mDkjp ngWtjw;fhf cy;yhrg; murpay; fl;rpfspd; gpujpepjpfSld; gpuahzj; JiwapdH FO ,e;jpa ciuahlyhk;. NjHjy; Mizaj;ij mZfpaJ> Mdhy; ghJfhg;G Nfushtpd; cg;gq;fopahd Myg;Gohtpy;> fhuzq;fSf;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. gpur;rhuq;fs; rw;W tpj;jpahrkhf cs;sd. mjd; gpwF jw;NghJ ntspehl;L gpuahzpfis ney; tay;fspy; murpay; fl;rpfspd; nfhbfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf F[uhj; elg;gl;Ls;sd> NkYk; NjHjy; mjpfhupfs;> kw;Wk; by;ypapy; 30 cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; JiwapdH

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xUq;fpize;Js;sdH> NkYk; r%f Clf rTj;up> ,d;Dk; njhlHe;J tpsf;FfpwhH. mtH> 'Vg;uy; muq;FfspYk; jq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdH. rpy khjk; njhlq;fpajpypUe;J> cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; Nfhupf;iffSf;F cf;Nud;> ,e;NjhNdrpah> Jiwapy; rw;W ke;jkhd Nghf;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ. jha;yhe;J> If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> cfz;lh> / ,jd; fhuzkhfNt cw;rhfg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp kw;Wk; fdlh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,JNghd;w gf;Nf[;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. ey;y tuNtw;G fhzg;gl;lJ. ,ij kpfr; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; ',e;jr; nray;jpl;lj;ij 2012 mikf;fNt> ,ijj; NjHjy; fsj;Jld; Mk; tUl F[uhj; NjHjypd;NghJ ,izf;f Kaw;rp nra;fpNwhk;! ,e;jg; jw;NghJ mwpKfg;gLj;jpNdhk;> ,jw;F mjpf gf;Nf[; ,yhgk; <l;Lk; tifapy; ntspehl;Lg; tuNtw;igAk; ngw;Nwhk;. Eehl;bw;F ,Ug;gjhy;> gyUk; MHtKld; Kd;gjpT gpuahzpfis tUif je;jtHfspy; cf;Nud; kw;Wk; nra;fpd;wdH. NkYk;> ,jw;F NjHjy; ,e;jpahtpw;Ff; N[Hkdp Mfpa ehLfspypUe;J 90 f;Fk; Rw;Wyh vd Fwpg;gpLtJ $Ljy; nfhz;L Nkw;gl;l cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisg; gyj;ij toq;FfpwJ. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; tUtjw;fhf ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,e;j tUlk; a+Nf> gy vd;.MH.Ifs; NjHjy;fspy; MHtk; F[uhj; kw;Wk; N[Hkdp kw;Wk; a+V, Mfpa fhl;Lfpd;wdH. NkYk; capHj;j by;ypapy; 30 ehLfspypUe;J %d;W cWjpnra;ag;gl;l QhapW tpLKiw ehl;fs; vd;gjhy;> cy;yhrg; gpuaFOf;fisg; ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,e;j mtHfs; NjHjiy KOtJkhf mwpa hz epWtdq;fs; Kiw vjpHfhyj;jpy; ngUk; mstpy; tpUk;Gfpd;wdH." xUq;fpize;tsHr;rpngWk;" vd F[uhj; khepyk; n[ag;;g+H Nkupahl; N`hl;liyr; Js;sd mfkjhghj;jpy; cs;s mfrH &H]; NrHe;j tpw;gid kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; epWtdj;ijr; NrHe;j yht; rHkh gzpg;ghsH NyhNt]; rHkh> $wpAs;shH. vdpDk;> gy tprhuizfs; by;yp$Wifapy; ',J xU GJikahd rpe;jid> Mf;uh-n[a;g;g+H rhHe;jjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. n[a;g;g+H ,J kf;fs; midtUk; ehl;by; kpfg; ngupa rhHe;j cy;yhrg; gpuahzj;ijr; nray;gLj;Jk; [dehafj;Jld; NjHjy; eilngWtijg; ghHf;f xU epWtdkhd buhty; nfahH KfhikahsH mUz; tha;g;ghf mikfpwJ."

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfs;> ehl;bd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; eilngWk; murpay; Nguzpfspw;F mioj;Jr; nry;yg;gLtH

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Nghf;F

gue;j ~Clf|

mikg;G

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2014 Mk; tUl nghJj; NjHjy; gpur;rhuq;fspy; ,e;j nryTfisf; fzf;fpLfpd;wd> mjd;gb gzk; Kf;fpakhdjhf cs;sJ vd;gjw;fhd ,e;j NjHjypy; Nghl;bapLk; murpay;thjpfs; rpy fhuzpfs; kw;Wk; glq;fis ,e;j NjHjypy; ntw;wp ngWtjw;fhf ,q;Nf ghHf;fyhk;. Nkbrd; RkhH 300 gpy;ypad; &gh tiu kPbahtpd; mwpf;ifapd; gb> ,e;j nkhj;jkhf nrytpLthHfs; vd;W ,e;j NjHjYf;fhd gpur;rhuq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2009 Mk; nkhj;j gpur;rhu tpsk;gu epWtdq;fSf;F 800 tUl NjHjYf;fhf ,j;njhifapy; nryTfs; 5 kpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyH tiu %d;wpy; xU gq;F $l nryT gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f gzk; fpilj;jjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. nra;ag;gltpy;iy> Mdhy; mg;NghJ nlhyHfs;> ,e;j NjHjYf;fhf Ntl;ghsHfs; murpay; njhlHGfshdJ gJf;fy;fs;> nryT nra;Ak; nkhj;j gpur;rhu njhiyNgrp miog;Gfs;> Nguzpfs; ,J 2012 Mk; njhifahdJ 5 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f kw;Wk; Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; topahf tUl mnkupf;f nlhyHfshf ,Uf;Fnkd;W Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. [dhjpgjp NjHjy; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ - ,J 2012 ,g;NghJ fhyk; khwptpl;lJ. / gpur;rhuj;jpw;fhf Mk; tUl mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp Ng]; Gf;fpy; xd;gJ Nfhbf;F Nkw;gl;l nrytplg;gl;l NjHjYf;fhf Ntl;ghsHfs;> fl;rpfs; gadHfSk; Utpw;wupy; mz;zsthf njhiff;F kw;Wk; MjuT FOf;fs; nrytpl;l %d;W Nfhbf;F Nkw;gl;l fzf;FfSk; mLj;jjhf njhifahd 7 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f ,d;W cs;sd. ,izak; kw;Wk; ,uz;lhtJ ngupa nlhyHfspw;F mLj;J ,uz;lhtjhf nkhigy; mNrhrpNard; x/g; gl;n[w;; MFk; cs;sJ. Ntl;ghsUf;fhd gpur;rhu ,e;jpah kw;Wk; Kk;ig-rhHe;j Iup\; nryit 7 kpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nehNyl;[; gTz;Nl\d; epWtdq;fs; nlhyHfs; vd;W NjHjy; Mizak; 2013 Mk; tUlk; Vg;uy; khjk; tiuaiw itj;jpUe;jhYk;> murpay;thjpfs; ntspapl;l mwpf;ifapd;gb> ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s 543 nryT nra;tJ mijtpl 10 klq;Ffs; $Ljyhf njhFjpfspy; 160 njhFjpfSf;fhd Xl;Lg;gjptpy; ,Uf;Fk;. GJby;ypapy; ,Uf;Fk; Clf Ma;Tfs;> /Ng];Gf;fpy; njuptpf;fg;gLk; nghJthd

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Nghf;F

fUj;Jf;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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Kd;dzp tHj;jf jpdrup nra;jpj;jhSf;F mspj;j nkhigy; njhlHGfSf;fhf 15 Nfhbfs; nrytpLtjhf Ngl;bapy; $Fs; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyik mjpfhupahd fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J ntWk; ciur; nra;jpfs; fTut; fg+H mspj;j Ngl;bapy; 2014 Mk; tUl murhq;f kw;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; miog;Gfs; kl;Lky;y> cs;tUk; tpsk;guk; %yk; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; kw;Wk; jtwtplg;gLk; miog;GfisAk; 250-300% tiu mjpfupf;Fk; vd;W NrHj;jJ. Neub ciuahliy vjpHghHf;fg;gLtjhf njuptpj;Js;shH. gpN[gp mwpKfk; nra;Js;sJ> ,jpy; Clf gpN[gp kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w fl;rpfs; Ntl;ghsHfs; Neubahf miof;fyhk; mwpf;iffspd;gb> jq;fsJ jfty;njhlHG gl;n[w;wpy; 2-5% my;yJ Nkhbapd; gpbj;jkhd gpur;rhu xt;nthU njhifia b[pw;wy; kw;Wk; r%f Clf Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;fyhk;. VVgp fl;rpAk; ngupa murpay; epWtdq;fSf;fhf xJf;fpAs;sd. kf;fis mioj;J fl;rpapd; Ntiyfspy; fl;rpAk; nkhigy; gq;FngWkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpwJ.

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GJik

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Mgpupf;fhtpd; ngUk;nghUshjhu NkNyhl;lk; Mgpupf;fh ,d;W

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1.3 jpupy;ypad;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kaw;rp

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gilf;F toq;fpAs;sJ. I.eh. mikjpg;gilapdHfspy; mq;fk; tfpj;Js;s ehLfspy; %d;whtJ ngupa gq;fspg;ghsuhf ,e;jpah jpfo;fpwJ. ,e;jpa gilg;gpupTfspd; Kjy; mzp 1950 ,y; nfhupahtpy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ> NghH ifjpfisf; fhg;ghw;wTk;> Jd;GWgtHfSf;F czT toq;fTk; ,e;jpah jdJ mtruepiy kUj;Jtj; JUg;GfisAk; fhty; gilfisAk; mDg;gpa fhyj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dH ,e;jpaHfs;> kj;jpa fpof;F> nfhq;Nfh> fk;Nghbah> nkhrhk;gpf;> Nrhkhypah> Uthz;lh> mq;Nfhyh> rpauh ypNahd; kw;Wk;

vj;jpNahg;gpah-vupj;jpupah Mfpa gFjpfspy; gy kw;Wk; nghwpKiwg; gilg;gpupT (<.vk;.<)> I. eh. mikjp fhf;Fk; eltbf;iffspy; gq;Nfw;wdH. ,e;jg; gilg;gpupTfspy; njhlHe;J gzpahw;wp te;jJ> ,J I. NghHg;gilfs; NghUf;Fg; gpwF Vw;gLk; ghjpg;GfSf;F eh. tpd; mikjp fhf;Fk; gilfshf nray;gLfpwJ. cjTk; tifapy; jq;Fk; trjp> cly;eyk; 211 <.vk;.< /gPy;L nthHf;nrhg;; fk;gdp fhj;jy; kw;Wk; czT Nghd;w Nritfis vd;gNj 1961 ,y; mikjp fhf;Fk; kf;fs; ngWtjw;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jdH. gilapy; ntspehl;by; jlk; gjpj;j Kjy; 211 <.vk;.< / cz;ikapy;> I.eh. gzpf;FOtpy; gilg; gpupthFk;. cyf rkhjhd gzpapy; gPy;l; nthHf;nrhg; mikjpia epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd gq;Nfw;wjd; epidthf ,e;jpa tPuHfSf;F fk;gdpahdJ eltbf;ifapy; midtUk; ngz;fshf 2004 ,y; Kj;jpiu toq;fg;gl;lNghJ> ,Uf;Fk; xU mzpia Kjd;Kjypy; NkYk; xU rpd;dk; te;JNrHe;jJ. Mdhy; 1961 ,y; mDg;gpaJ ,e;jpahNt. NghUf;Fg; cyfk; KOtJk; mikjpia epiyehl;l mikjpg;gilapy; gpd;ghd gFjpfspy; cs;s ngz;fs; kpfg;ngupa tYthd xU njhifiar; Kjd;Kjyhf Mz; mikjpg;gilapdHfshy; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ. 160 ,e;jpa ntspehl;L ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH vd;w GfhH mjpfupj;J mikjpg;gilapdUf;Fk; NkyhdtHfs; kz;zpy; gq;fspj;j te;jjd; fhuzkhf ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd I.eh. mikjp fhf;Fk; nray;gzpf;fhf Kjy; gpupthFk; td;Kiwiaj; jLf;Fk; tifapy; 2007 jq;fs; tho;f;ifia mHg;gzpj;Js;sdH. Mk; tUlk; midtUk; ngz;fshf ,Uf;Fk; xU fhty; gil iygPupahtpy; I. eh. mq;Nfhyh rupghHg;G gzp: ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gzpapy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;wjd; ,e;jg; gzp %d;W fl;lq;fshf gug;gg;gl;lJ: 1988%yk; gpw ehLfspypUe;Jk; ngz;fs; gilg; gpupTfis 91, 1991-95, 1995-97. Kjw;fl;lkhf mq;Nfhyhtpy; mDg;Gtjw;F MHtk; fhl;bapUe;jdH. ,e;jpa gilg; Vw;gl;l cs;ehl;L Nghupd;NghJ fPa+gd; gilfisj; gpupTfspd; Kf;fpa gFjpahf ,e;jpa ,yj;jpudpay; jpUk;gg;ngWk; Kaw;rpahf [dtup 1989 Mk; tUlk;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kaw;rp

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,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; vd;gJ mfk;> Gwk; gpujpgypg;Gf;fis mq;F thOk; kf;fspd; Kfq;fspy; Mfpa ,uz;bYk; jd;idj; jhNd mwpAk; xU fz;L nfhs;thu;fs;. rpwg;ghfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;l nrad;KiwahFk;. cq;fisr; R+oTs;s rkfhy jiyg;Gf;fs; ,e;j mupjhd epfo;it tiuaiw cyfpy; epyTk; Kuz;ghLfisAk; rkkpd;ikfisAk; nra;fpd;wd. me;j msTf;F ,e;j kz;Zf;F tpNrl mtjhdpf;Fk; mNjNeuk; nja;tPf mUspd; jd;ikAz;L. mJ jd; moif ,e;jpahtpd; Vida fhuzkhf mit cq;fs; Md;khtpy; vt;thW ghfq;fSlDk; ,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lj;JlDk; KO gpujpgypf;fpd;wd vd;gij ePq;fs; cw;W Nehf;Fq;fs;. cyFlDk; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;fpd;wJ. mJ Gupe;Jzu;Tf;fhd ,r;nrad;KiwahdJ "ehd;" vDk; ghykhf miktJld; vy;iyfsw;w xU kkij czu;it ePf;fp ,t;Tyfpd; cyfj;ij cUthf;fp kdpj ,dj;ij gilg;ghsDld; kdpjid ,izf;fpd;w> If;fpag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. vk;ik Nehf;fp ,];yhkpa moif czuf;$ba rkepiyia cyif <u;f;Fk; Mw;wy; nfhz;l vkJ jj;Jtj;jpd; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ehd; Gupe;J eWkzj;ijg; gwpf;Fk; fhuzpfSf;fhf vjpHfhyk; vd;gJ itj;jpUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; vk;ik ehNk ,og;gJjhd; vkJ cz;ik> xw;Wik ,Jjhd;. mJ nkQ;Qhdpfspd; tho;f;ifapYs;s ftiyf;Fupa kw;Wk; gzpTilik tho;f;ifapd; %yKk; mtu;fsJ tplakhFk;. vkJ nrhe;j kz;zpy; ehk; nra;jpfspd; ClhfTk; mbgzpjy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Kd;du; cyfpd; Mfpatw;wpd; JwTepiy njhlu;ghd ftpijfspd; Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;stu;fs; gy;yhz;Lf; ClhfTk; nkU$l;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. vk;ik Vw;Wf;nfhs;thu;fs; vd;gJ nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;. v yP/g; Nuu;d;]; naNyh vd;w jhd; cz;ikahFk;. Mdhy; vkJ R;rfy vdJ E}y; - mthj; gpuNjr R+/gpfs; Fwpf;Nfhs; cs;ehl;Lf;Fupajhf ,Uf;f nfhz;lhl;lq;fisAk; gw;wpa nkQ;Qhdj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; 9 Mk; NghyNt ,JTk; nra;jpahf cs;sJ. mJ kuzj;jpw;F - 10 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; Njhw;wk; ntspg;gLj;jiyNah Ke;jpa kuzk; njhlu;ghfg; NgRfpd;wJ. ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhk; my;yJ ,e;j nkQ;Qhdpfspd; tho;f;ifahdJ vd;gJ ,];yhj;Jf;F Kd;gpUe;j Gyg;gLjd;ikiaNah kuj;jpypUe;J cjpu;e;j ,iynahd;W midj;ijAk; gw;wpajhFk;. ,];yhkpa ehltpy;iy. ,jd; xd;Wkw;w mopT epiyf;fhd gazj;ij jj;JtKk; mj;jifaNj. K`k;kj; mj;jpahtrpa vjpu;ghu;j;jpUg;gij xj;jjhFk;. mJ egp mtu;fspdJk; mtuJ nja;tPf nka;g;nghUs; xU mthj; kz;zpy; fhY}d;wp rftho;Tk; ,ufrpaq;fis mwpe;jpUe;j `];uj; myp ,ufrpakhfNt fUizAzu;Tk; nfhz;l fyhrhuk; mtu;fsJk; Kd;khjpupahd tho;f;ifapd; xd;wpd; Clhf mjid eWkzk; fkor; Clhf ,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; ,d;W njhlHe;jpUg;gjhFk; nra;j Qhdpfs; gw;wpajhFk;. mthj; mile;Js;s tsu;r;rpf;F ,];yhk; gpuNjrk; ,jaj;jpdhy; Msg;gLfpd;wJ. cjtpAs;sJ. mk;kf;fs; mjpfhuj;ijj; Jwe;j ,jak; ,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; capNuhl;lk; nfhz;l kf;fis flTs;fshff; fUJfpd;wdu;. ,J ,e;jpahtpy; vg;NghJNk ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. mJ uhku; gpwe;j G+kp. ,g;G+kpahdJ gpiog;Gf;fhfj; mjpf ,];yhj;jpd; J}juhy; czug;gl;l md;gpd; eWkzkhFk;. Rikfisr; Rkf;fhJ> ntWkNd rkaj;jpw;fhftd;wp ,];yhj;ijj; njhlu;e;J mJ `pe;J];jhdpd; kdpjg; ngWkhdq;fSf;Fk; Md;kPfj;Jf;Fk; Kjyplk; jpirapypUe;J tUk; vd;W egpfs; ehafk; $wpajhf toq;Fgtu;fSf;F mjpfk; kjpg;gspf;fpd;wJ. mthj; xU `jP]; (egpfs; ehafj;jpd; $w;Wf;fs;) cs;sJ. gpuNjrj;ij ghu;f;f tUk; kf;fs;> mg;G+kpapy; ,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; mt;thW jhd; te;jJ. egpfs; fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhJ gue;J fhzg;gLk; gpufhrj;jpd; ehafj;jpd; FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j gy R+/gp kfhd;fs;

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fyhr;rhuk;

ghuk;gupa R+/gp eldk; xU jpahd KiwahFk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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xU R+/gp xU muG vOj;ij my;yJ nrhy;iy Qhgfg;gLj;JtJ my;yJ jpUk;gj; jpUk;g cr;rupg;gJ me;j R+/gpia flTis neUq;Ftjw;fhd mtuJ ghijapy; mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; vd;w fiyrhu;e;j xU tpsf;fk;

,e;j md;gpd; Cw;iwj; NjLk; kuGf;F ,zq;f tho;e;jJld; ,j;NjlYf;fhd ghijapy; ,e;jpahit te;jile;jhu;fs;. ,J KOikahf Md;kPfj; jhfk; njhlu;ghdjhFk;. ,J R+/gpf;fs; kWf;fpd;w jw;fhypf mjpfhuj;jpw;F khw;wkhdjhFk;. cz;ikapy;> ,];yhk; xU rhk;uhr;rpakhf khwpa NghJ ,];yhj;jpd; mg;Nghija fyPghthd a]Pjpd; cyfg; gfl;bid epuhfupj;j `];uj; `{i]d; mtu;fs; jd;id ,e;jpahTf;Fr; nry;y mDkjpf;FkhW Nfhupdhu;. mtUila Nfhupf;if epuhfupf;fg;gl;L fu;gyh Aj;jj;jpy; mtu; tPukuzk; va;jpdhu; (,e;epfo;T ,];yhkpa tUlf; fzpg;gpd; gb `p[;up 61 Mk; Mz;L K`u;uk; 10 ehs; - fp.gp 680 xf;Nuhgu; 10 Me; jpfjp - eilngw;wJ. fu;gyh efuk; jw;Nghija <uhf;fpy; mike;Js;sJ). ,e;jpa kz;zpy; fhyb itj;j KjyhtJ R+/ gp kfhd;> nra;apj; myp `{[;thup Mthu;. mtiuj; njhlu;e;J `];uj; K<Dj;jPd; rp];;jp mtu;fs; tUif je;jhh;fs;. mth; xU ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;. jPd; m];j; `{i]d;> jPd; gdh/ m];j; `{i]d; ]hu; jhj; eh jhj; jhu; j];Nj a]Pj; `f;fh Nf gpdhNa yh ,y;yh`; m];j; `{i]d; `{i]d; rd;khu;f;fk; Mthu;> mtu; rj;jpaj;jpd; Gfyplk; Mthu; mtu; a]PJf;F jdJ jiyiaj; nfhLj;jhu; Mdhy; mtUf;F jiy tzq;ftpy;iy. mjd; %yk; mtu; vd;Wk; epiyf;Fk; rhl;rpahfptpl;lhu;. my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW flTs; ,y;iy.

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

Rw;wpr; Rw;wp eldkhLk; ju;tP];fisf; fhl;Lk; Xu; Xtpa ntspg;ghL

Xtpau; ifyh]; uh[; tiue;j xU R+/gpapd; ePu; tu;z Xtpak;

,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; vjpu;fhyk; rj;jpaj;ijAk;> If;fpaj;ijAk; mu;g;gzpg;igAk; njhlu;r;rpahff; nfhz;lhLtjpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. midj;Jf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fisAk; Nghd;W jpwe;j epiyiaNah fhl;rpj; jd;ikiaNah mJ Ntz;Ltjpy;iy. mjd; mj;jpatrpakhd capNuhl;lk; njhlu;e;Jk; ,ufrpakhfNt cs;sJ. rhjp> Fy> kj Ngjkpd;wp xt;nthU kdpjidAk; Nerpf;Fk; rj;jpaj;ijj; NjLgtupy; jhd; mjd; mjpfhuk; jq;fpAs;sJ. mJ ,e;jpaj; jd;ikapid Ntz;b epw;gJld; mjid cldbahf cyfshtpa jd;ik nfhz;ljhf khw;Wfpd;wJ. ,J jhd; mjd; cz;ikahd gz;ghFk;. mjdhy;> ,f;fhyj;jpy; fw;gidapd; vy;iyfisf; fle;J gwf;ff; $ba rpwFfs; mjdplk; cs;sd. 2001 Mk; Mz;by; ehd; [`hNd F];uhc vd;w R+/gp ,irf; nfhz;lhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Njd;. mJ cs;shu;e;j Njlypd; tpisthf tsu;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ. nkQ;Qhdpfspd; ftpijfisf; nfhz;lhLtJ mtrpakhFk;. fh];kPupypUe;J ,lk;ngau;e;J by;ypia mile;j NghJ> mt;tplj;jpy; kiwe;Js;s cz;ikapid ehd; czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;. murpay; mjpfhug; Nghuhl;lk; gadw;wJ vd;gijf; fz;L nfhz;Nld;. F];uhcitg; Nghd;W ehd; mjid cs;shfTk; ntspahfTk; czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;. Fh];kPupd; mikjp> ,t;tpisahl;Lf;F ,iuahf miktij ehd; ghu;j;jpUe;Njd;. gpd;du; tpiuthf mthj; gpuNjrKk; ,e;jpahtpd; midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fSk; mj;jifa R+o;r;rpfSf;F ,iuahf mike;jd. mehjuthd kf;fSf;F Mde;jg; gutrj;ijj; juf;$ba xU cyfk; ,Ug;gijAk; mjidf; fz;lwpe;J xU tbtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ehd; czuj; njhlq;fpNdd;. vkJ tho;f;ifg; gazj;jpy; xU iky;fy;yhf mike;j [`hNd F];uhc jhd; mt;tbtkhFk;. epr;rakw;w murpay; epiyikfspd; fhuzkhf mjpy; xU gpd;dilT Vw;l;lJ. mJ kf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Mokhfg; gjpe;Js;sjdhy; mJ Kd; vg;NghJk; ,y;yhjthW ngupajhfg; ghupastpy; tsu;r;rpailAk; vd;W ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. midj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf> mJ Md;khtpd; moif ntspg;gLj;Jk; nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;.

,jd; Mrpupau; xU ,e;jpa jpiug;glj; jahupg;ghsUk;> Mil tbtikg;ghsUk; ftpQUk; fiyQUkhthu;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

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Mgpjh gu;tPd; [`hNd F];uhc R+/gp ,ir tpohtpy; ghLk; fhl;rp

fyPy; K`k;kj; ,g;D `]d; mypahy; cUthf;fg;gl;l rpk;khrd trdk; nfhz;l cauj;ij msf;Fk; fUtp

MaJy; Fu;]p -

R+/gpf;fspd; tl;lk; - ,iwtid epidT$u;tjw;fhd - jpf;u; nra;tw;fhd xU tbtk;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

[`hNd F];uhc R+/gp ,ir tpohtpy; ju;tP];fs; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp MLk; eldk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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2 0 1 4

,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; nkQ;Qhdg; gazk;

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,];yhkpa jj;JtkhdJ ,];yhj;jpd; nkQ;Qhd Md;kPfj;ijg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. mJ JUf;fp> muG> ghurPfk; Mfpa %d;W nkhopfspy; cs;sJ vd nuNdhy;l; V epnfhy;rd; vd;w Mq;fpy mwpQu; $Wfpd;whu;. ,e;jpa mwpQu;fNsh ,];yhkpa jj;Jtk; KO kdpj ,dj;jpdJk; nkQ;Qhd ntspg;ghL vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,];yhk; ,e;jpahtpd; kyghu; fiuNahug; gpuNjrj;jpy; muhgpa fly; tzpfu;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; mJ njd; gQ;rhg; gpuNjrj;jpd; rpe;J kw;Wk; Ky;jhd; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; muGg; giltPuu;fshy; gug;gg;gl;lJ. jhjh fd;[; gf];\; (tiuaiwaw;w nry;tj;ij toq;Fgtu;) vd kupahijahf miof;fg;gLfpd;w f;N]f; myp F[;tpup mtu;fs; ,iwtupd; fl;lisf;F ,zq;f 1035 Mk; Mz;by; Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; f];dhtpypUe;J yh`_ iu te;jile;jhu;. mtu; ,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpjpw;F tiutpyf;fzj;ij Kd;itj;j KjyhtJ ifNalhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w f]\;Gy; k`;[_g; vd;w E}iy muG %yq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l

mDruiz : `{ : ,];yhkpa jj;JttopKiw> ghfk; 4> gQ;rhg; #/gpfs;

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

,e;jpa fiyauq;fj;jpd;

Gjpa Kfk;

,e;jf; fiy tif ,e;jpahtpd; etPd Nghf;Ffisj; jOtp ,Ug;gjhy; ftdj;ijj; jd;ghy; <Hj;Js;sJ vOj;J ejpuh ]h`pH ghgH

1970 fspy;> ,e;jpa jiyefH by;ypapy; cs;s Njrpa ehlfg; gs;spapypUe;J (vd;.v];.b) ntspNawpaNghJ> tho;f;ifj; njhopy; uPjpahd muq;if elj;Jtjpy; ey;y tUkhdk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf> njhlHe;J tho;tjw;F ehq;fs; gy Ntiyfisr; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; xl;Lnkhj;j muq;fpy; cs;s ghHitahsHfisf; fhl;bYk; Nkilapy; mjpfkhdtHfs; ,Uf;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ! fhyg;Nghf;fpy; midj;Jk; khwptpl;ld. ,d;W> kf;fs; Nkil ehlfq;fisg; ghHg;gNjhL tpl;Ltplhky; fiyQHfis Cf;Ftpf;fTk;> tho;j;jTk; nra;fpwhHfs;. jw;NghJ gpugykhd fiyauq;Ffspy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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tUlnkhd;wpy; %d;W Kd;gjpTfisg; ngWtNj kpfTk; fbdkhf cs;sJ. fiyQHfshf jpfo;tjw;F xt;nthU ehSk; Mapuf; fzf;fhdtHfs; Nkw;F ,e;jpahthd Kk;igf;F tUfpd;wdH> mtHfs; jq;fs; jpwikia ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xNu top fiyauq;fk; kl;LNk. ,q;Nf> fiyauq;f fiyQHfs; jdpg;gl;l FOf;fis cUthf;f Kbahky; NghdhYk;> Kk;igapy; fiyauq;f fhl;rp kpfTk; cw;rhf%l;Lk; tifapy; cs;sJ. kf;fs; midtUk; fiyauq;fj;jpw;F tUtjw;F MHtj;ijAk;> MjuitAk; toq;Ffpd;wdH. Kk;igapy; vg;NghJk; ghHitahsHfSf;F

gpupj;jhdpa fTd;rpy; ,e;jpahthy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l kpl;rk;kH iel;]; buPk; vd;gJ xl;Lnkhj;jkhfNt xU Gjpa fiyauq;f nkhopia ntspg;gLj;jpaJ

,e;jpa fiyauq;fj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;F ,uz;L Njhw;w NtWghLfs; cs;sd gpugyj;jd;ik kw;Wk; gzpapd; juk;. ehL KOtjpYk; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;w fiyauq;f tpohf;fs;> $lq;fspw;F ntspapy; ePzl ; tupirapy; fhj;jpUj;jy;> Fiwthd nryT kw;Wk; nray;jpwkpf;f gzp vd ,it midj;ijAk; ghHf;Fk;NghJ kpfTk; cw;rhfkhf ,Uf;fpwJ" vd fiyauq;f epfo;rr ; papy; ePzl ; fhy mDgtKs;s kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa ehlfg; gs;spapd; Kd;dhs; gzpg;ghsH fPHj;jp n[apd; $wpAs;shH

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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BANDIPUR NATIONAL PARK

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