India perspectives may june'14 tamil

,e;jpa juprdk; n

2

n Nk-a+d; 2014

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa [dehafk; thf;fspf;fpwJ cyf mikjpia Nehf;fpa gazk;

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vg;NghJ: [_d; 14-15 kw;Wk; [_d; 24-25 vq;Nf: ykha+U JwtpaH klk;> ylhf;

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vg;NghJ: Nk 12-14 vq;Nf: kTd;w; mG> ,uh[];jhd;

vg;NghJ: [_d; 23 vq;Nf: rk;gf;Fsk;> mypg;Ng> Nfush

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,e;jpa juprdk; njhFjp 28 n ntspaPL 2 n Nk-a+d; 2014

MrpupaH: iraj; mf;gUjpd; cjtp MrpupaH: epfpNy\; bf;\pj; ntsptptfhu mikr;R miw ,y. 255> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtd;> GJby;yp- 110001, ,e;jpah njh.: 91.11.23383316> njhiyefy;.: 91.11.23384663 ,izak;: http://www.indiandiplomacy.in fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F: osdpd2@mea.gov.in khf;];NghrH kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtl; ypkpw;nwl; gpuRupg;gtH kw;Wk; jiyik eltbf;if mjpfhup: tpfh]; N[h`up jiyik epHthfp kw;Wk; epHthfg; gzpg;ghsH: gpufh\; N[h`up jiyik epjp mjpfhup: Fy;jPg; rpq; epiwNtw;W MrpupaH: nrsug; jq;fh jiyik mYtyfk; khf;n]f;]N ; ghrH kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtl; ypkpw;nwl; gpupT ,y. v/g;2gP> ,uz;lhtJ khb> MIRA NfhHg;gNul; #l;]>; pGnshl; ,y. 1&2> ,\;thH efH> kJuh rhiy> GJby;yp – 110065, ,e;jpah

CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087

njh: +91.11.43011111 > njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

indiaperspectives@maxposure.in Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

,e;jpa juprdk; mNugpa> g`r ,e;NjhNdrpa> Mq;fpy> gpnuQ;R> N[Hkdpa> ,e;jp> ,j;jhypa> gh\;Nuh> ghurPf> NghHj;Jf;Nfa> u\pa> rpq;fs> ];ghdpa kw;Wk; jkpo; Mfpa nkhopfspy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa juprdk; GJby;yp> miw ,y. 255> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtd;> GJby;yp- 110001 ,Ys;s ntsptptfhu mikr;rpd; $l;Lr; nrayhsUk; cj;jpNahfg+Ht Ngr;rhsUkhd iraj; mf;gUjpd; vd;gtuhy; mr;rplg;gl;L ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; ,J MaXposure kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtl; ypkpw;nwl; (MMGIPL)> gpupT ,y. v/g;2gP> ,uz;lhtJ khb> MIRA NfhHg;gNul; #l;]>; Gnshl; ,y.

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DADRI REWARI

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by;yp ,J tu;j;jfu;fSf;Fk; KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;Fk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. by;yp Njrpa jiyefug; gpuhe;jpakhdJ neha;lh> Fu;fhxd;> guPjhghj;> fh]pahghj; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhfTk; tl ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpakhd tu;j;jf kj;jpa epiyakhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,k;khepyj;jpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp> jw;Nghija tpiyfspd; gb 2002-03 fhyg; gFjpapy; 15.9 gpy;ypad; mnk.nlhyu;fspypUe;J 2003-04 fhyg;gFjpapy; 17.8 gpy;ypad; mnk. nlhyu;fshf mjpfupj;jJ. ,J 12.1 rjtPj tsu;r;rpahFk;. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;fhd Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshf> khepy cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 17.8 gpy;ypad; mnk.nlhyu;fshf cs;sik (2004)> Nritfs; Jiwapdhy; ce;jg;gl;l Jupjkhf tsu;r;rpailAk; nghUshjhuk;> ,e;jpahtpy; Neub ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fshy; mjpfk; tpUk;gg;gLk; ,uz;lhtJ gpuhe;jpakhf cs;sik> Efu;Tg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fhu;fSf;fhd kpfg; ngupa Efu;T epiyakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wik> “mjp nry;te;j" kw;Wk; “nry;te;j" tPLfs; kpfr; nrwpthff; fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrkhfTk; ftu;r;rpahd cy;yhrg; gpuahzj;Jf;fhd ,lkhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wik vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. by;yp khepykhdJ khepy cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 77 rjtPjk; Nritfs; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;igf; nfhz;l kpfTk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd nghUshjhuq;fspy; xd;whFk;.

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NjHjy;fspd; tpidj;jpwdhd Kfhikj;Jtj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F NjHjy; Mizak; rfy tifahd njhopy;El;gq;fisAk; cgNahfpf;fpwJ. KOjhff; fzpdpkakhf;fg;gl;l thf;fhsH gl;bay;fSk;> thf;fhsHfspd; xd;iyd; gjpTk; xt;nthU taJte;j ,e;jpaf; FbkfidAk; nrd;wila cjtpAs;sd. Gtpapay; jfty; mikg;G ([p.I.v];) thf;fspg;G epiyaq;fspd; miktplj;ijj; jPHkhdpf;f cjTk; mNjNtis> cyfshtpa ,lq;fhl;Lk; mikg;G ([p.gp.v];) murpay; fl;rpfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspd; miritg; gpd; njhlUtjw;F cjTfpwJ. ,Ue;jhYk;> kpf Kf;fpakhd njhopy;El;g Kaw;rpahf kpd;dZ thf;fspg;G ,ae;jpuq;fspd; gad;ghL tpsq;fp tUfpwJ> ,ij xU rpy ehLfs; kl;LNk Vw;Wf;nfhz;L eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. KbTfis khw;wp Nkhrb nra;Ak; kpff;Fiwe;jsT rhj;jpaj;jpw;F vjpuhf ghJfhg;gjw;nfd> ehq;fs; ,e;j jdpj;J epw;Fk;> tiyaikg;Gs;s ,ae;jpuq;fspw;fhf xU vspikahd njhopy;El;gj;ij vr;rupf;ifahf cgNahfpf;fpNwhk;. ,J ,e;jpa [dehafj;jpd; mjpra ,ae;jpuk; vd;W ,e;jpa NjHjy; Mizak; fUJfpwJ. Vd; caH ePjpkd;wk; $l ,ij ‘,e;jpahtpd; ngUik| vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. thf;fhsHfs; ve;jr; rpd;dj;jpw;F thf;fspj;jdH vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; trjpapd; (Nthl;lH]; Ntup/igagps; Ngg;gH Xbw; l;uay; (tp.tp.gp.V.up)) mz;ika mwpKfj;Jld; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikahdJ Nkw;nfhz;Lk; Kd;NdwpAs;sJ. vy;yh Ntl;ghsHfspw;Fk; rkkhd NjHjy; fsj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ Kf;fpa fUj;jhFk;. Ml;rpapypUf;Fk; fl;rp fl;lisapl;lhy; rfy tsq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;> ,J mf;fl;rpf;F epahakw;w ed;ikia mspf;ff; $Lk;. Mjyhy;> NjHjy; jpl;lk; mwptpf;fg;gl;l ehs; njhlf;fNk ,e;jpa NjHjy; Mizak; ,t;tplaj;ij eLepiyahf;Fk; eltbf;iffis vLf;fpwJ. ,J> ,e;jpahtpYs;s murpay; fl;rpfspd; xUkpj;j fUj;Jld; vOe;j jd;dpr;irahd xOf;fKiwahd khjpup elj;ij tpjp %yk; nra;ag;gLk;. rl;luPjpahd MjuT ,y;yhj NghjpYk;> ,zf;fk; vd;gJ kpfg;gue;jJ. nghJkf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaNk ,jd; mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhd ePjpnewpahd mDkjpahFk;> ,NjNtis Fz;lHfs; thf;Fr; rhtbiaf; ifg;gw;Wjy;> thf;fhsHfis mr;RWj;Jjy; KjypadTk; ,g;NghJ tuyhw;wpy; NrHfpd;wd. [dehafj;jpd; ntw;wpf;F gq;Fgw;Wjy;jhd; jpwg;G. ntw;wp ngWgtupd; Fiwe;j thf;fhsH $l;lKk;> Fiwe;j thf;fhsH rjtPjKk; NjHe;njLf;Fk; gpujpepjpfspd; rl;lj;Jf;F cld;ghlhd jd;ikia Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf;Ffpd;wd. Mjyhy;> [dehafk; cz;ikapy; cs;slf;fg;gLtjw;fhf> ky;up kPbah gpur;rhuq;fs;> Fwpg;ghf ,isQH kw;Wk; efHg;Gw thf;fhsH mf;fiwapd;ikia vLj;Jf;$wp tpsf;Fk; gpur;rhuq;fs; Clhf thf;fhsHfisr; nrd;wiltjw;nfd Kiwahd thf;fhsH fy;tp kw;Wk; NjHjypy; gq;Fgw;wy; (v];.tp.<.<.gp) vd;w gpupit ,e;jpa NjHjy; Mizak; mikj;Js;sJ. Xt;nthU khepyj; NjHjypYk; thf;fhsH tpopg;GzHT

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#@DrSYQuraishi

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

cz;ik epytuj; njhFg;G

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cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa NjHjy; nray;Kiw gw;wpa rpy MHtkpf;f cz;ikfs; kw;Wk; tpsf;fq;fis cq;fSf;F ehq;fs; toq;FfpNwhk;

NjHjy;fs; vg;NghJ eilngWfpd;wd? rig Kd;Ng fiyf;fg;glhky;

,Ue;jhy;> xt;nthU Ie;J tUlj;jpYk; ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfspd;

Mjuit murhq;fk; ,of;Fk; NghJ kw;Wk; khw;W murhq;fk; xd;W murhq;fj;ij njhlu ,ayhj NghJ> Nyhf; rghit FbauRj; jiytH fiyj;J tpl;L miof;Fk;NghJ 2014 Mk; tUlk; eilngw cs;s

NjHjy; 16 tjhf cs;sJ. KjyhtJ nghJj; NjHjy; 1951-1952 ,y; eilngw;wJ.

murpay; fl;rpfs; NjHe;jy; newpfs; mtHfspd;

elj;ijia ek;gpNa ngUk;ghYk; cs;sd ,e;jpa NjHjy; fkp\Dld;

gjpTnra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

2009 Mk; tUl nghJj; NjHjypy; gq;Fgw;wpa murpay; fl;rpfs; Njrpaf; fl;rpfs;

Khepyf; fl;rpfs;

gjpTnra;j (mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj) fl;rpfs;

07

Njrpaf; fl;rpfs;

34

khepyf; fl;rpfs;

322

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18

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Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

41

NjHjy; nray;Kiw – NghHf;fsj;ij KbT nra;jy;

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423

gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 28 khepyq;fSf;F vd;W xJf;fg;gl;l gjtpfspd;

nghJ

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kw;Wk; tbtk;.

545 rPl;Lfspy; 543 rPl;Lfis epug;Gtjw;fhf xt;nthU

njhFjpapypUe;Jk; xU cWg;gpdH Nyhf; rghtpw;F NjHe;njLf;fg;gLthH. Mq;fpNyh-,e;jpad; r%fj;jpypUe;J ,uz;L

cWg;gpdHfis FbauRj; jiytH gupe;Jiu nra;thH.

ahH vy;yhk; thf;fspf;f KbAk;? tUlj;jpd;; [dtup 1 Mk; jpfjpad;W 18 taJ

epuk;Gk; ve;jnthU ,e;jpa FbkfDk; NkYk; me;j njhFjpapy; rhjhuzkhf trpj;J tUgtUk;. nghJthd taJ te;NjhH thf;Fupik

mbg;gilapy; jFjpAs;s thf;fhsH mtHfSf;fhd njhFjpapy;

gjpTnra;a Ntz;Lk;. ntspehl;by; trpf;Fk; ,e;jpa Fbkf;fSk;

mtHfspd; flTr;rPl;by; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpyhrj;jpy; gjpTnra;J nfhs;syhk;.

79

v];rp –f;F . xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

GjpaJ vd;d Nkw;$wpa vJTk; ,y;iy (Nehl;lh) 2013 Mk; tUl khepy rl;lrigj; NjHjy;fspy;

mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. EVM -,y; ngUk;ghYk; ,Wjp gl;ldhf ,Uf;Fk;.

thf;fhsH ve;jnthU Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; Xl;lspf;f

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2004 tUl nghJj; NjHjypypUe;J ngUk;ghYk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

3,829

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Njrpa fl;rpfspd;

1,623 cWg;gpdHfs;

khepy fl;rpfspd; cWg;gpdHfs;

759

thf;fspg;gpy; gq;Fgw;Wjy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj fl;rpfspd; cWg;gpdHfs;

1,859

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FbkfDk; NkYk; 25 taJf;F NkYs;s midtUk;.

VNjDk; xU fl;rpiar; NrHe;jtH my;yJ jdpahf

,Ug;gtH. xt;nthU Ntl;ghsUk; ghJfhg;G itg;Gj;njhifia

nrYj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. nghJ Ntl;ghsUf;F 25,000 &gh itg;Gj;njhifAk;

v];rp kw;Wk; v];up Ntl;ghsUf;F 12,500 &gh itg;Gj;njhifAk; jq;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fs;> fld;fs;> Fw;wk;rhH gpd;Gyk;

kw;Wk; fy;tpj; jFjp njhlHghd cWjpr; rhd;Wfis Ntl;ghsHfs; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

thf;fhsH gl;bay;fs; xt;nthU njhFjpapYk; ,Uf;Fk; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

thf;fhsHfspd; gl;bay;fs; tUle;NjhWk; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk;

rfy gl;bay;fSk; fzpdp kakhf;fg;gl;lit kw;Wk;

thf;fhsH xt;nthUtupdJk; Gifg;glq;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.

thf;fhsH Gifg;gl milahs ml;il (EPIC) thf;fhsH Gifg;gl milahs ml;il

xt;nthU jdpg;gl;l thf;fhsUk; gjpTnra;Ak;NghJ

toq;fg;gl;lJ ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Kiwahd thf;fhsH fy;tp kw;Wk; NjHjy; gq;F (SVEEP) Kiwahd thf;fhsH fy;tp kw;Wk; NjHjy; gq;F.

NjHjypy; gq;Nfw;wiy Kd;Ndw;w kw;Wk; [dehaf

gq;Nfw;wy; fyhr;rhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;. ,e;jpahtpd; NjHjy; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpa

gFjp.

Nk-a+d;

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19

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

cz;ik epytuj; njhFg;G Xl;lspg;G Kfhikj;Jtk; ,yj;jpudpay; thf;fspg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,ufrpakhd thf;nfLg;G %yk; thf;fspj;jy;

2004 tUl nghJj; NjHjypypUe;J ngUk;ghYk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

thf;fspg;Gr; rhtbfs;; nghJ fy;tp epiyaq;fspy; ngUk;ghYk;

mikf;fg;gLk;. xt;nthU Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; 2fpNyhkPw;wUf;Fs;

ve;jnthU thf;Fr; rhtbAk; 1>500 thf;fhsUf;F

Nky; Nkw;nfhs;shJ.

jghy; thf;Ffs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpupTfspd; fPo; cs;s thf;fhsHfs;

jghy; %yk; thf;fspf;fyhk;.

NjHjypy; Ntiy nra;gtHfs;> Nrit thf;Ffs;

kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpyuJ thf;Ffis cs;slf;fpaJ.

gjpyhs; thf;fspg;G MAjg;gilfs; my;yJ ,uhZt rl;lk; nghUe;jf;$ba

giliar; NrHe;j Nrit thf;fhsHfSf;F mQ;ry; topahfNth my;yJ gjpyhs; topahfNth Xl;lspf;Fk; tpUg;gj;NjHT cs;sJ.

thf;Ffis vz;Zjy; thf;fspg;gpd; midj;Jf; fl;lq;fSk; Kbe;j gpwF

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. jpUk;gptUk; mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; NjHjy; ghHitahsHfs;

Kd;dpiyapy; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. midj;J 543 njhFjpfSf;Fkhd thf;F vz;zpf;if

xNu ehspy; Kbe;JtpLk;. xU rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; KbTfs; mwptpf;fg;gLk;.

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa [dehaf eilKiw 2009 Mk; tUl NjHjy;fs; 8>070 Ntl;ghsHfs;

363 gjpTnra;ag;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfs;

NjHjy; gzpapy; (fhty; CopaHfisAk;

NrHj;J) 10 kpy;ypad; NgH 834>919 thf;fspf;Fk; epiyaq;fs;

717 kpy;ypad; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

thf;fhsHfs; 2>046 fz;fhzpg;ghsHfs;

1>39>284 Ez; fz;fhzpg;ghsHfs;

46>90>575 thf;nfLg;G CopaH

2009 Mk; tUl nghJj; NjHjy;fspd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs; mjpfgl;r thf;F epiyak;: mAiygpd; ny`;

(15>300 kp)

xU Ntl;ghsUf;F mjpfgl;rk; nrYj;jg;gl;l

thf;Ffs;: 8>32>224

xU Ntl;ghsUf;F Fiwe;jgl;rk;

nrYj;jg;gl;l thf;Ffs;: 118

xU njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l mjpfgl;r

Ntl;ghsHfs;: 43

xU njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l Fiwe;jgl;r

Ntl;ghsHfs;: 3

xU njhFjpapy; thf;fspj;j mjpfgl;r

thf;fhsH tUif: 90.32% xU njhFjpapy; thf;fspj;j Fiwe;jgl;r

thf;fhsH tUif: 25.55% kpfg;ngupa njhFjp (,lj;jhy;): ylhf;

(N[&Nf) – 1>73>266>37 rJu fpkP rpwpa njhFjp (,lj;jhy;): rhe;jpdp rTf; (nly;yp)

– 10.59 rJu fpkP kpfg;ngupa njhFjp (thf;fhsH vz;zpf;ifapd;

mbg;gilapy;): by;ypapd; ntspg;gFjp (by;ypapd; vd;.up.rp) – 31>03>525 thf;fhsHfs; kpfr;rpwpa njhFjp (thf;fhsH vz;zpf;ifapd;

mbg;gilapy;): yl;rjPg; - 37>619 thf;fhsHfs; xNu xU thf;fhsUf;fhf F[uhj;jpd; fpH fhLfspy;

cs;s [_dh`j; khtl;lj;jpy; xU thf;fspg;G ikak; mikf;fg;gl;lJ

2014 Mk; tUl NjHjy;fs; 9>19>452 thf;fspg;G epiyaq;fs;

xd;gJ thf;fspg;G ehl;fs;

EVMfs; 9>08>643 fl;Lg;ghL a+dpl;Lfs;

11>83>543 thf;fspg;G gpupTfs;

74>729 tPbNahfpuhgHfs;

40>599 b[pw;wy; fkuhf;fs;

kj;jpa murhq;fj;jhy; toq;fg;gLk;

NjHjy; nryTj; njhif – 8,466 kpy;ypad; &gh 1>080 thf;F vz;Zk; ikaq;fs;

Ie;J fl;lq;fs;

xU khjj;jpw;F Nkyhf eilngWk;

814 kpy;ypad; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

thf;fhsHfs;

Mjhuk;: ,e;jpahtpd; NjHjy; Mizak;; ,e;jpa juprdk;

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20

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2 0 1 4

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Mk; Mj;kpapd; tpsf;FkhWfspy; njhlq;fp eNkh gpuhz;L nry;/Nghd;fs; tiu> NjHjy; gUtkhdJ ,e;jpa [dehafj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa nfhz;lhl;lkhf Ntfkhf khwp tUfpwJ. xU epWtdk; re;ijapy; epiyngWtjw;F NjHjy; fsk; xU cy;yhrg; gpuahz epWtdkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. |kpfg;ngupa ,e;jpa NjHjiy| cyfNk

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NjHjy; Mizaj;ij mZfpaJ> Mdhy; ghJfhg;G Nfushtpd; cg;gq;fopahd Myg;Gohtpy;> fhuzq;fSf;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. gpur;rhuq;fs; rw;W tpj;jpahrkhf cs;sd. mjd; gpwF jw;NghJ ntspehl;L gpuahzpfis ney; tay;fspy; murpay; fl;rpfspd; nfhbfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf F[uhj; elg;gl;Ls;sd> NkYk; NjHjy; mjpfhupfs;> kw;Wk; by;ypapy; 30 cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; JiwapdH

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xUq;fpize;Js;sdH> NkYk; r%f Clf rTj;up> ,d;Dk; njhlHe;J tpsf;FfpwhH. mtH> 'Vg;uy; muq;FfspYk; jq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdH. rpy khjk; njhlq;fpajpypUe;J> cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; Nfhupf;iffSf;F cf;Nud;> ,e;NjhNdrpah> Jiwapy; rw;W ke;jkhd Nghf;Nf fhzg;gLfpwJ. jha;yhe;J> If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> cfz;lh> / ,jd; fhuzkhfNt cw;rhfg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp kw;Wk; fdlh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,JNghd;w gf;Nf[;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. ey;y tuNtw;G fhzg;gl;lJ. ,ij kpfr; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; ',e;jr; nray;jpl;lj;ij 2012 mikf;fNt> ,ijj; NjHjy; fsj;Jld; Mk; tUl F[uhj; NjHjypd;NghJ ,izf;f Kaw;rp nra;fpNwhk;! ,e;jg; jw;NghJ mwpKfg;gLj;jpNdhk;> ,jw;F mjpf gf;Nf[; ,yhgk; <l;Lk; tifapy; ntspehl;Lg; tuNtw;igAk; ngw;Nwhk;. Eehl;bw;F ,Ug;gjhy;> gyUk; MHtKld; Kd;gjpT gpuahzpfis tUif je;jtHfspy; cf;Nud; kw;Wk; nra;fpd;wdH. NkYk;> ,jw;F NjHjy; ,e;jpahtpw;Ff; N[Hkdp Mfpa ehLfspypUe;J 90 f;Fk; Rw;Wyh vd Fwpg;gpLtJ $Ljy; nfhz;L Nkw;gl;l cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisg; gyj;ij toq;FfpwJ. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; tUtjw;fhf ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,e;j tUlk; a+Nf> gy vd;.MH.Ifs; NjHjy;fspy; MHtk; F[uhj; kw;Wk; N[Hkdp kw;Wk; a+V, Mfpa fhl;Lfpd;wdH. NkYk; capHj;j by;ypapy; 30 ehLfspypUe;J %d;W cWjpnra;ag;gl;l QhapW tpLKiw ehl;fs; vd;gjhy;> cy;yhrg; gpuaFOf;fisg; ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ,e;j mtHfs; NjHjiy KOtJkhf mwpa hz epWtdq;fs; Kiw vjpHfhyj;jpy; ngUk; mstpy; tpUk;Gfpd;wdH." xUq;fpize;tsHr;rpngWk;" vd F[uhj; khepyk; n[ag;;g+H Nkupahl; N`hl;liyr; Js;sd mfkjhghj;jpy; cs;s mfrH &H]; NrHe;j tpw;gid kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; epWtdj;ijr; NrHe;j yht; rHkh gzpg;ghsH NyhNt]; rHkh> $wpAs;shH. vdpDk;> gy tprhuizfs; by;yp$Wifapy; ',J xU GJikahd rpe;jid> Mf;uh-n[a;g;g+H rhHe;jjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. n[a;g;g+H ,J kf;fs; midtUk; ehl;by; kpfg; ngupa rhHe;j cy;yhrg; gpuahzj;ijr; nray;gLj;Jk; [dehafj;Jld; NjHjy; eilngWtijg; ghHf;f xU epWtdkhd buhty; nfahH KfhikahsH mUz; tha;g;ghf mikfpwJ."

cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfs;> ehl;bd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; eilngWk; murpay; Nguzpfspw;F mioj;Jr; nry;yg;gLtH

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Kd;dzp tHj;jf jpdrup nra;jpj;jhSf;F mspj;j nkhigy; njhlHGfSf;fhf 15 Nfhbfs; nrytpLtjhf Ngl;bapy; $Fs; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyik mjpfhupahd fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J ntWk; ciur; nra;jpfs; fTut; fg+H mspj;j Ngl;bapy; 2014 Mk; tUl murhq;f kw;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; miog;Gfs; kl;Lky;y> cs;tUk; tpsk;guk; %yk; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; kw;Wk; jtwtplg;gLk; miog;GfisAk; 250-300% tiu mjpfupf;Fk; vd;W NrHj;jJ. Neub ciuahliy vjpHghHf;fg;gLtjhf njuptpj;Js;shH. gpN[gp mwpKfk; nra;Js;sJ> ,jpy; Clf gpN[gp kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; Nghd;w fl;rpfs; Ntl;ghsHfs; Neubahf miof;fyhk; mwpf;iffspd;gb> jq;fsJ jfty;njhlHG gl;n[w;wpy; 2-5% my;yJ Nkhbapd; gpbj;jkhd gpur;rhu xt;nthU njhifia b[pw;wy; kw;Wk; r%f Clf Ngr;Rfisf; Nfl;fyhk;. VVgp fl;rpAk; ngupa murpay; epWtdq;fSf;fhf xJf;fpAs;sd. kf;fis mioj;J fl;rpapd; Ntiyfspy; fl;rpAk; nkhigy; gq;FngWkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpwJ.

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vj;jpNahg;gpah-vupj;jpupah Mfpa gFjpfspy; gy kw;Wk; nghwpKiwg; gilg;gpupT (<.vk;.<)> I. eh. mikjp fhf;Fk; eltbf;iffspy; gq;Nfw;wdH. ,e;jg; gilg;gpupTfspy; njhlHe;J gzpahw;wp te;jJ> ,J I. NghHg;gilfs; NghUf;Fg; gpwF Vw;gLk; ghjpg;GfSf;F eh. tpd; mikjp fhf;Fk; gilfshf nray;gLfpwJ. cjTk; tifapy; jq;Fk; trjp> cly;eyk; 211 <.vk;.< /gPy;L nthHf;nrhg;; fk;gdp fhj;jy; kw;Wk; czT Nghd;w Nritfis vd;gNj 1961 ,y; mikjp fhf;Fk; kf;fs; ngWtjw;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jdH. gilapy; ntspehl;by; jlk; gjpj;j Kjy; 211 <.vk;.< / cz;ikapy;> I.eh. gzpf;FOtpy; gilg; gpupthFk;. cyf rkhjhd gzpapy; gPy;l; nthHf;nrhg; mikjpia epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd gq;Nfw;wjd; epidthf ,e;jpa tPuHfSf;F fk;gdpahdJ eltbf;ifapy; midtUk; ngz;fshf 2004 ,y; Kj;jpiu toq;fg;gl;lNghJ> ,Uf;Fk; xU mzpia Kjd;Kjypy; NkYk; xU rpd;dk; te;JNrHe;jJ. Mdhy; 1961 ,y; mDg;gpaJ ,e;jpahNt. NghUf;Fg; cyfk; KOtJk; mikjpia epiyehl;l mikjpg;gilapy; gpd;ghd gFjpfspy; cs;s ngz;fs; kpfg;ngupa tYthd xU njhifiar; Kjd;Kjyhf Mz; mikjpg;gilapdHfshy; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ. 160 ,e;jpa ntspehl;L ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH vd;w GfhH mjpfupj;J mikjpg;gilapdUf;Fk; NkyhdtHfs; kz;zpy; gq;fspj;j te;jjd; fhuzkhf ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd I.eh. mikjp fhf;Fk; nray;gzpf;fhf Kjy; gpupthFk; td;Kiwiaj; jLf;Fk; tifapy; 2007 jq;fs; tho;f;ifia mHg;gzpj;Js;sdH. Mk; tUlk; midtUk; ngz;fshf ,Uf;Fk; xU fhty; gil iygPupahtpy; I. eh. mq;Nfhyh rupghHg;G gzp: ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gzpapy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;wjd; ,e;jg; gzp %d;W fl;lq;fshf gug;gg;gl;lJ: 1988%yk; gpw ehLfspypUe;Jk; ngz;fs; gilg; gpupTfis 91, 1991-95, 1995-97. Kjw;fl;lkhf mq;Nfhyhtpy; mDg;Gtjw;F MHtk; fhl;bapUe;jdH. ,e;jpa gilg; Vw;gl;l cs;ehl;L Nghupd;NghJ fPa+gd; gilfisj; gpupTfspd; Kf;fpa gFjpahf ,e;jpa ,yj;jpudpay; jpUk;gg;ngWk; Kaw;rpahf [dtup 1989 Mk; tUlk;

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2 0 1 4

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51

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52

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Md;kPfj;ijj;

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Nk-a+d;

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n

53

n

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

ghuk;gupa R+/gp eldk; xU jpahd KiwahFk;

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n

54

n

Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

xU R+/gp xU muG vOj;ij my;yJ nrhy;iy Qhgfg;gLj;JtJ my;yJ jpUk;gj; jpUk;g cr;rupg;gJ me;j R+/gpia flTis neUq;Ftjw;fhd mtuJ ghijapy; mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; vd;w fiyrhu;e;j xU tpsf;fk;

,e;j md;gpd; Cw;iwj; NjLk; kuGf;F ,zq;f tho;e;jJld; ,j;NjlYf;fhd ghijapy; ,e;jpahit te;jile;jhu;fs;. ,J KOikahf Md;kPfj; jhfk; njhlu;ghdjhFk;. ,J R+/gpf;fs; kWf;fpd;w jw;fhypf mjpfhuj;jpw;F khw;wkhdjhFk;. cz;ikapy;> ,];yhk; xU rhk;uhr;rpakhf khwpa NghJ ,];yhj;jpd; mg;Nghija fyPghthd a]Pjpd; cyfg; gfl;bid epuhfupj;j `];uj; `{i]d; mtu;fs; jd;id ,e;jpahTf;Fr; nry;y mDkjpf;FkhW Nfhupdhu;. mtUila Nfhupf;if epuhfupf;fg;gl;L fu;gyh Aj;jj;jpy; mtu; tPukuzk; va;jpdhu; (,e;epfo;T ,];yhkpa tUlf; fzpg;gpd; gb `p[;up 61 Mk; Mz;L K`u;uk; 10 ehs; - fp.gp 680 xf;Nuhgu; 10 Me; jpfjp - eilngw;wJ. fu;gyh efuk; jw;Nghija <uhf;fpy; mike;Js;sJ). ,e;jpa kz;zpy; fhyb itj;j KjyhtJ R+/ gp kfhd;> nra;apj; myp `{[;thup Mthu;. mtiuj; njhlu;e;J `];uj; K<Dj;jPd; rp];;jp mtu;fs; tUif je;jhh;fs;. mth; xU ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;. jPd; m];j; `{i]d;> jPd; gdh/ m];j; `{i]d; ]hu; jhj; eh jhj; jhu; j];Nj a]Pj; `f;fh Nf gpdhNa yh ,y;yh`; m];j; `{i]d; `{i]d; rd;khu;f;fk; Mthu;> mtu; rj;jpaj;jpd; Gfyplk; Mthu; mtu; a]PJf;F jdJ jiyiaj; nfhLj;jhu; Mdhy; mtUf;F jiy tzq;ftpy;iy. mjd; %yk; mtu; vd;Wk; epiyf;Fk; rhl;rpahfptpl;lhu;. my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW flTs; ,y;iy.

Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

n

55

n

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

Rw;wpr; Rw;wp eldkhLk; ju;tP];fisf; fhl;Lk; Xu; Xtpa ntspg;ghL

Xtpau; ifyh]; uh[; tiue;j xU R+/gpapd; ePu; tu;z Xtpak;

,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; vjpu;fhyk; rj;jpaj;ijAk;> If;fpaj;ijAk; mu;g;gzpg;igAk; njhlu;r;rpahff; nfhz;lhLtjpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. midj;Jf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fisAk; Nghd;W jpwe;j epiyiaNah fhl;rpj; jd;ikiaNah mJ Ntz;Ltjpy;iy. mjd; mj;jpatrpakhd capNuhl;lk; njhlu;e;Jk; ,ufrpakhfNt cs;sJ. rhjp> Fy> kj Ngjkpd;wp xt;nthU kdpjidAk; Nerpf;Fk; rj;jpaj;ijj; NjLgtupy; jhd; mjd; mjpfhuk; jq;fpAs;sJ. mJ ,e;jpaj; jd;ikapid Ntz;b epw;gJld; mjid cldbahf cyfshtpa jd;ik nfhz;ljhf khw;Wfpd;wJ. ,J jhd; mjd; cz;ikahd gz;ghFk;. mjdhy;> ,f;fhyj;jpy; fw;gidapd; vy;iyfisf; fle;J gwf;ff; $ba rpwFfs; mjdplk; cs;sd.

2001 Mk; Mz;by; ehd; [`hNd F];uhc vd;w R+/gp ,irf; nfhz;lhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Njd;. mJ cs;shu;e;j Njlypd; tpisthf tsu;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ. nkQ;Qhdpfspd; ftpijfisf; nfhz;lhLtJ mtrpakhFk;. fh];kPupypUe;J ,lk;ngau;e;J by;ypia mile;j NghJ> mt;tplj;jpy; kiwe;Js;s cz;ikapid ehd; czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;. murpay; mjpfhug; Nghuhl;lk; gadw;wJ vd;gijf; fz;L nfhz;Nld;. F];uhcitg; Nghd;W ehd; mjid cs;shfTk; ntspahfTk; czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;.

Fh];kPupd; mikjp> ,t;tpisahl;Lf;F ,iuahf miktij ehd; ghu;j;jpUe;Njd;. gpd;du; tpiuthf mthj; gpuNjrKk; ,e;jpahtpd; midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fSk; mj;jifa R+o;r;rpfSf;F ,iuahf mike;jd. mehjuthd kf;fSf;F Mde;jg; gutrj;ijj; juf;$ba xU cyfk; ,Ug;gijAk; mjidf; fz;lwpe;J xU tbtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ehd; czuj; njhlq;fpNdd;. vkJ tho;f;ifg; gazj;jpy; xU iky;fy;yhf mike;j [`hNd F];uhc jhd; mt;tbtkhFk;. epr;rakw;w murpay; epiyikfspd; fhuzkhf mjpy; xU gpd;dilT Vw;l;lJ. mJ kf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Mokhfg; gjpe;Js;sjdhy; mJ Kd; vg;NghJk; ,y;yhjthW ngupajhfg; ghupastpy; tsu;r;rpailAk; vd;W ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. midj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf> mJ Md;khtpd; moif ntspg;gLj;Jk; nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;.

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56

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Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

Mgpjh gu;tPd; [`hNd F];uhc R+/gp ,ir tpohtpy; ghLk; fhl;rp

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Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

n

57

n

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

[`hNd F];uhc R+/gp ,ir tpohtpy; ju;tP];fs; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp MLk; eldk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

58

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Nk-a+d;

2 0 1 4

,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; nkQ;Qhdg; gazk;

Mjhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ghurPf nkhopapy; vOjpdhu;. mJ ,e;jpa ,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpdJk; ,];yhkpa R+/gpfs;> ehj; Nahfpfs;> ngsj;j kw;Wk; ,e;J Jwtpfs; MfpNahUf;fpilapy; fUj;Jf;fSk; eilKiwfSk; xd;Wf;F ts%l;Lk; nraw;ghl;bd; Muk;gkhfTk; mike;jJ. 9 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Kf;fpakhd ,];yhkpa jj;Jt kj;jpa epiyakhf tpsq;fpa> jw;Nghija Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; r];;j; efuj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w rp];;jpa juPf;fh> mbg;gilapy; xU ,e;jpa juPf;fhthFk;. (,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd xU gpurhufuhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w) fh[h K<Dj;jPd; rp];;jp mtu;fSk; Xu; caupa Nehf;Fld; yh`_Uf;F tUif je;jhu; vd rpy tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; $Wfpd;wd. fh[h K<Dj;jPd; mtu;fs; gf;jp ,irapy; Mu;tk; nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

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Muk;gj;jpy; ,];yhk; ,e;jpahtpd; kyghu; fiuNahug; gpuNjrj;jpy; muhgpa fly; tzpfu;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; mJ njd; gQ;rhg; gpuNjrj;jpd; rpe;J kw;Wk; Ky;jhd; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; muGg; giltPuu;fshy; gug;gg;gl;lJ. jhjh fd;[; gf];\; (tiuaiwaw;w nry;tj;ij toq;Fgtu;) vd kupahijahf miof;fg;gLfpd;w f;N]f; myp F[;tpup mtu;fs; ,iwtupd; fl;lisf;F ,zq;f 1035 Mk; Mz;by; Mg;fhdp];jhdpd; f];dhtpypUe;J yh`_ iu te;jile;jhu;. mtu; ,];yhkpa jj;Jtj;jpjpw;F tiutpyf;fzj;ij Kd;itj;j KjyhtJ ifNalhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w f]\;Gy; k`;[_g; vd;w E}iy muG %yq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l

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2 0 1 4

n

59

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

,e;jpa fiyauq;fj;jpd;

Gjpa Kfk;

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1970 fspy;> ,e;jpa jiyefH by;ypapy; cs;s Njrpa ehlfg; gs;spapypUe;J (vd;.v];.b) ntspNawpaNghJ> tho;f;ifj; njhopy; uPjpahd muq;if elj;Jtjpy; ey;y tUkhdk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf> njhlHe;J tho;tjw;F ehq;fs; gy Ntiyfisr; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; xl;Lnkhj;j muq;fpy; cs;s ghHitahsHfisf; fhl;bYk; Nkilapy; mjpfkhdtHfs; ,Uf;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ! fhyg;Nghf;fpy; midj;Jk; khwptpl;ld. ,d;W> kf;fs; Nkil ehlfq;fisg; ghHg;gNjhL tpl;Ltplhky; fiyQHfis Cf;Ftpf;fTk;> tho;j;jTk; nra;fpwhHfs;. jw;NghJ gpugykhd fiyauq;Ffspy;

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60

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