India perspectives may june 16 sinhala

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 3 n uehs-cQks 2016

iqúi,a ffl,di mqoìu fj; .ukla

uQ,drïNh ukdõ .=ma;d

l,d l,ïlß

ixjdoh mKaä;a ì¾cqq uydrdÊ

fmdÜmqß bka È hdfõ meje;a ù ug ks h ñ; W;a i j fudgdiq fudx.a W;aijh fudgdiq fudx.a W;aijh iurkq ,nkafka foaj wdYs¾jdoh ,nd.ekSu i|yd wd´ f.da;%h úisks' fuh kd.,ka;fha fndfyda fokd mq, mq,d n,d isák W;aijhls' iïm%odhsl úrejka ieuÍug m%Yxid .S; fuys§ .dhkd flf¾' ljodo( uehs 1-3 fld;ek§o( fudfldlapqx.a" kd.,ka;h

cd;Hka;r u,a W;aijh

ud;srdka yß; W;aijh

´lsâ" *¾ka" .a,eäfhda,s yd uyr;au,a j¾. ish .kkla m%o¾Ykh flfrk ÿ,n u,a yd me,Eá oelaula iEu jirlu .ex.afgdlays§ ixúOdkh flf¾' WoaNso úoHd ksmqKhka úiska fuys§ iïuka;%K yd foaYk mj;ajkq ,efí' ljodo( uehs 1-31 fld;ek§o( .ex.afgdla Oj, Yd,dj wi,

fuys§ l,d ia:dmkhka" iÔú m%ix." m%didx.sl l,d" PdhdrEm m%o¾Yk yd Ñ;%mg m%o¾Ykhka meje;afõ' fuu W;aijh jQ l,S ud;srdka mßir ixfõ§ l,dmhla f,i u;= lroelaùu i|yd jk iudc" ixialD;sl" yd wOHdmk uQ,drïNhls' ljodo( uehs 1-30 fld;ek§o( ud;srdka" uydrdIag%

ú,a,shkQ¾ fldaú,a W;aijh mqvqfpß wdikakfha ú,a,shkQ¾ ys ;sreldfïiajrka l=ls,ïnd,a fldaúf,a§ fuu W;aijh meje;afõ' fuu 10 Èk W;aijfha wjika Èkfha§ fldaúf,a jev jik Ysj foú÷kaf.a ms<srej msg;g f.k r:hl ;nd fmryerla mj;ajkq ,nhs' ljodo( uehs 21-30 fld;ek§o( ú,a,shkQ¾" mqvqfpß

.sïydk W;aijh nqoaO mQ¾‚udfõ§ wnq lkao .sïydk W;aijh i,l=Kq lrhs' fuu wjia:dj wdrïN jkafka pdß;%dkql+, fmryer yd ixialD;sl m%ix.hkaf.ks' ;=rÕ yd fndaÜgq ;r. fukau CRPF ;+¾h jdol lKavdhï m%ix. wfkl=;a wdl¾IKhka fõ' ljodo( uehs 20-21 fld;ek§o( wnq lkao" rdcia:dka

W!á .sïydk W;aijh ks,a.sÍia l÷jeáfha§ meje;afjk fuu W;aijh w,xldr u,a ieris,s" m%o¾Yk yd rkaf.da,S iu. w,xldrj;a fjhs' ixialD;sl wx. yd fndaÜgq ;r. fuu W;aijfha fldgiah' ljodo( uehs fld;ek§o( W!á" ;ñ,akdvqj

fmrjok .,a*a l,dmfha n,j;au wd¾Ólh ysñ ijqÈ wrdìh fj; w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ úiska isÿ l< m<uq ixpdrh" bka§h w.ue;sjrfhl= jir yhlska miq l< m<uq ixpdrh f,i iksgqyka fjk w;r" bka§h-ijqÈ wrdîh Wml%ñl" wd¾Ól yd n,Yla;suh in|;d jvd by< ;,hlg f.khdfï ,d bjy,a úh' ijqÈ rcq ìka wíÿ,a wiSia ijqoa yd w.ue;s fudaÈ ì%iafíkays mej;s Ô20 yuqj mej;s 2014 fkdjeïn¾ ui§ uqK.eiqKq w;r" forgu ksrka;rj .;sl iïnkaO;djhla mj;ajd.ekSug h;ak orñka isáhy' ue;§ isÿ flreKq ixpdrfha§ fmfg%da,shï" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh" wdrlaIdj" nexl=lrKh yd lDIsl¾uh hk lafIa;%hka ;=< wjia:djka .fõIKh lr idlÉPd lrk ,§' tlai;a rch úiska 2016-17 whjeh bÈßm;a lsÍu;a iu. tu.ska .%dóh wxYh ,enqKq úYd, m%.dulh ms<sn|j wms uQ,drïNh ;=<ska idlÉPd lrkafkuq’ rcfha uqo,a weu;s w¾cqka chsÜf,a úiska lDIsld¾ñl yd wdY%s; wxYhka fj; ,ndÿka m%;smdokj, 84] l jeä ùula ksfõokh lf<ah’tfukau 2022 jir jkúg f.dúhkaf.a wdodhu fo.=Khlska jeä lrk njgo fmdfrdkaÿ úh’ tfukau fvd,¾ ì,shk 130 l f.dú Khg wu;rj fvd,¾ ì,shk 16la ,nd§u u.ska fuu wxYh ;=<g kj .;sl;ajhla ,efnkq we;’' c,h ixrlaIKh lsÍu yd ;srir Ôjk rgdj ms<sn| m‚jqvh me;srùu i|yd l,dj udOHhla lr .ekSfï,d odhl jk yd ;u ks¾udK ;=<ska ck;dj mßirhg ixfõÈ lrjk cd;Hka;r lS¾;shg m;a l,dlre ukõ .=ma;d uQ,drïNh ;=<§ uqK .efiuq' wmf.a Wreuh msgq ;=<ska uydrdIag%fha l÷j,ska jgj ñksid úiska ks¾ñ; l÷ uqLh ;=< W;a;=x.j jevys¢k ffl,di mkai, fj;g wms mshux lrkafkuq' ;ks YsLrh u; fk,k ,o uy,a .Kkdjlska hq;a f,dj mer‚u mqoìï ixlS¾Kh jkafka thhs' tfukau 1887 fuda.,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfhka ksuejqKq yd uE;l§ tys mer‚ ftYap¾hh kej; f.dvk.kq ,enQ mqrdúoHd;aul úYauh jk yfõ,s O¾umqr krUñka wms È,a,sfha mjqre k.rh yryd w;S;hg mshux lrkafkuq' ;j;a u. fkdyeßh hq;=u l:djla jkafka bkaÈhdfõ ixialD;sluh yd foaYmd,kuh f,i fmdfydi;a b;sydih u;= lr olajk Y%jkafn,f.d," yf,aîÿ yd fnƾ j, l,d;aul m%;sud yd Ys,d uQ¾;s ms<sn| l:djhs' ixjdo msgqj ;=<ska mqrdjD;a;uh l;la k¾;k Ys,amS mkaä;a ì¾cq uydrdÊf.a úÑ;%j;a .uk ms<sn|j idlÉPd flf¾' jir .Kkdjla mqrd l;la bÈßm;a lsÍu ;=<ska Tyq mqkreohla we;s l< whqre ms<sn|jo wms idlÉPd lruq' o¾Yk

bkaÈh 30 jk

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fj¿u

n ksl

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n ue hs-cQk s 2016

úldia iajrema

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uQ,dr ukdõ ïNh .=ma; d

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uehs - cQks 2016

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bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl; = j = 3 n uehs - cQks 2016

ixialdrl( úldia iajrema iydh ixialdrl( ksÅf,aIa älais;a úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka kj È,a,sh, 110001 bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( 91'11'23388949, 23381719 *elaia( 91'11'23384663 fjí wvúh( http://www.indiandiplomacy.in Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( osdpd2@mea.gov.in

uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß úOdhl ixialdrl( fi!rí gkaLd m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u 246 jkf.dvke.s,a,, 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,sh110020" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in

úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

bkaÈhd o¾Yk wrdì" nydid bkaÿkSishd" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾uka" yskaÈ" b;d,shdkq" meIafgda" m¾ishka" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy," iamd[a[" fou< iy Ök NdIdj,ska m%ldYkh flf¾' bkaÈhd o¾Yk úldia iajrema, iu f,alï ^tlaiamS& iy ks, m%ldYl, úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh (MEA), ldur wxl 152 “ta” l=¿K, Ydia;%S Njka, kj È,a,sh -110001 f.a m%ldYkhla jk w;r úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fjkqfjka m%ldYkh lrkq ,nkafka uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .Dma bkaähd m%hsfjÜ ,sñgâ, (MMGIPL) 246 jkf.dvke.s,a,, 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,sh110020, bkaÈhdj - úisks¡ bkaÈhd o¾Yk jirlg 6 jrla m%ldYhg m;a fõ¡ ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs¡ fuys m<jk ,sms” ie,iqï yd $ fyda PdhdrEm bkaÈhd o¾Yk ys wkque;sh we;sj Ndú;d l< fyda kej; ks¾udKh l< yelsh¡ MEA yd MMGIPL, úfYaI b,a,Sula fkdue;sj imhk ,o ksIamdok, w;a msgm;a, PdhdrEm, ie,iqï úksúoNdjh yd fjk;a oE j,g isÿjk ydks fyda mdvq ms<sn|j j.lshkq fkd,efí¡ iÕrdj ;=, we;s woyia w;HjYHfhkau MEA fyda MMGIPL ys woyia fkdjk nj i,lkak¡

tkak wm yd( http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA —bkaÈhd o¾Yk˜ msgm;a i|yd wdikak;u bka§h ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h wu;kak¡

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Wreuh

ngysr ms<sn|j is;Su( .,a*a l,dmh iu. bka§h in|;d j¾Okh ùu.............................06

wjYH;djhla ;sfíkï Bg ud¾.hla o ;sfí...............................................50

yjq,aldß;ajh

Wreuh

kj udj;a ks¾udKh lsÍu.......................................14

uQ,drïNh bkaÈhdfõ j¾Okh by< hdu kej; m%;sixialrKhs.............................................18

uQ,drïNh lDIsl¾uh mßj¾;khlg ,la lsÍug bkaÈhdj .ïudk foig yefrhs............................... 22

uQ,drïNh l,dj iSudfjka Tíng f.khdu............................. 28

l,dj frÈ mska;dre ms<sn| l:d........................................ 34

l,dj

Ysjfoú÷kaf.a ÈjH úudkh..................................... 58

Wreuh l=¿nvq uf.ys wysñ jQ odhdoh...............................64 ixialD;sh iq*sjdoh W;al¾Ihg kxjñka.................................. 70

fiahd oiqka W;a;¾ldkaoa kqjr isß.............................................74

bjqï msyqï kejqï Ndjh okjk iqj|....................................... 84

ixjdoh

iïm%odh ;=< ksujk ueyqï..................................... 38

ud lsis Èfkl uqo,a miqmi yUd f.dia keyes...................................................86

Wreuh

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.,ska ksujQ jd.apd;+¾hh........................................ 42

bkaÈhd o¾Yk fj; we.hSï ;%s;ajhla.......................90 uehs - cQks 2016

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

ngysr ms<sn|j is;Su( .,a*a l,dmh iu. bka§h

in|;d j¾Okh ùu

ijqÈ wrdìh yd tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHh fj; w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈf.a ;SrKd;aul ixpdrh yd wnqvdìys Tgqkak ysñ l=urd kj È,a,sh fj; meñŒu ;=<ska bkaÈhdj yd .,a*a l,dmh w;r mej;s wd¾Ól yd Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajh uy;a mßj¾;khlg ,la úh' joka |

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bia,dï O¾ufha wdOHd;añl ksjyk fukau fukau bka§h kdhlhd yd Tyqf.a ish¿u n,Yla;sfha n,lKqj jk yd .,a*a l,dmfha ksfhdað;hka yg i;aldr l< ufyaYdLH jQ Yla;su;au wd¾Ólhg ysñlï lshkq ,nk ijqÈ ijqoa rcqf.a wd.ka;=l ud,s.dj fj; hk udj;a wrdìh" wfma%,a ui uq,§ bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø Tiafia fi!uH ldka;dr iq<Õska f,< fokq fudaÈ r;= m,ia u;ska ms<s.;a olakg ,eì‚' w;r Tyqf.a tu ux., ixpdrh ijqÈ wrdìh fj; w.ue;ss fudaÈ uy;d ijqÈ ;=<ska" ßhdoa iu. muKla fkdj fudaÈ isÿ l< foÈk ixpdrh wrdìh fj; l< Wml%ñlj jeo.;a l,dmhu iu. jQ l,S jir yhlska miq bka§h ixpdrh f,dj nyq wdxYsl iïnkaO;d meje;aùfï w.ue;sjrfhl= f,dj úYd,;u úYd,;u f;,a bka§h 2'0 wkqjdofha wNs,dYhka f;,a ksIamdolhd fj; isÿ l< ksIamdolhd fj; uqÿka meñ‚k' m<uq ixpdrh fjhs' fuu.ska bka§h w.ue;sjrfhla l< m<uq ixpdrh fuu ixpdrfha jgmsgdjka bka§h - ijqÈ wrdîh Wml%ñl" f,i igyka fjhs úiska forg w;r in|;djhkaf.a wd¾Ól yd n,Yla;s in|;djhka kj cjhla yd .;sl;ajhla jvd by< ;,hlg f.k tkq fmkakqï lrkq ,eì‚' bkaÈhdfõ yd bka§h ,enQ w;r bka§h- ijqÈ wrdîh in|;djfha vhiafmdardfjka ñ,shk ;=kl muK m%udKhla n,Yla;sh" jHdmdr" wdrlaIdj yd vhiafmdardj hk Èú f.jk ijqÈ wrdìfha Ochka k.r p;=rY%fha m%Odk ia:ïN i;r fj; rel=,a fokq ,eîh'

wNsuqL msgqj(ijqÈ wrdìfha ßhdoa ys rdclSh iNdj ;=<§ bka§h w.ue;sjrhd ms<s.ksñka my;( fudaÈ uy;d ßhdoays§ ijqÈ úfoaY lghq;= ms<sn| wud;H wfv,a w,a cqnhs¾ yuqfjñka

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Wml%ñl yd wdrlaIl iyfhda.S;djh by< kexùu fuys uQ,slu lreKla jQfha forg w;r Wml%ñl yd wdrlaIl iyfhda.S;djh jeä ÈhqKq lr.ekSu jQ w;r forgu ;u ;%ia; úfrdaë iyfhda.S;djh ;=< iqiudo¾Y .ukhla i,l=Kq lrñka ;%ia; uq,HlrKh b,lal lr.ksñka yd ;%ia;jdofha uOHia:dkhka bj;a lsÍu i|yd wjOdkh fhduq

lrñka ;SrKd;aul iïuq;shlg w;aika ;nk ,§' wfma%,a 3 jk Èk ßhdoa rdclSh iNdfõ§ w.ue;s fudaÈ yd ijqÈ rcq i,audka ìka wíÿ,a wiSia w,a ijqoa rc;=ud w;r we;s jQ mq¿,a idlÉPdfõ m%;sM, w;r nqoaêuh yqjudrej" kS;s úfrdaë f,i uqo,a heùug tfrysj taldnoaO f,i mshjr .ekSu yd kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu" uqo,a jxpdjka" u;aøjH cdjdrï yd fjk;a cd;Hka;r

bka§h w.ue;sjrhd ßhdoa ys ijqÈ jd‚c uKav,fha§ ijqÈ jHdmdr kdhlhka iu.

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uehs - cQks 2016

wmrdOj,g tfrys ùu Wfoid iyfhda.S;djh Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd Odß;d j¾Okh isÿ lsÍu hkdÈh m%Odk fjhs' bkaÈhdfõ yd ijqÈ wrdìfha kdhlhka ˜‍fuu úYaùh m%mxph lsishï fyda ksYaÑ; cd;shlg" wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iïnkaO lsÍfï ish¿u m%h;akhka m%;slafIam lrk ,§'˜‍ ˜‍wfkla rgj,a fj; ;%ia;jdoh Ndú;d lsÍu m%;slafIam

ßhdoa ys ñksiqka iuÕ ne£u( fi,a*s” fnodyod .ekSï yd tlaj wdydr .ekSu th fudaÈ yd vhiafmdardj yuqjQ wjia:djhs" tfy;a tys fjkila ;sì‚' idudkHfhka tjka wjia:djl we;s nen,Sï" .S; k¾;k tys fkd;s삦 tfy;a w.ue;s fudaÈ bkaÈhdkq Y%ñlhka iuÕ l< idudkH l:d ny lsÍfuka" wdydr fnodyod .ekSfuka" Tjqkag ijka §fuka" Tjqkag m%Yxid lsÍfuka yd Tjqka iu. fi,a*s PdhdrEm .ekSfuka th iod wkqiaurKh jk wjia:djla njg m;a úh' ßhdoa ys mej;s uyck jevigyk fldgia follska iukaú; úh( ijqÈ w.k.rfha iqfLdamfNda.S fydag,hl iqúfYaIS jQ bka§hhka 600 lf.ka muK mej;s l=vd yuqjla yd ijqÈ wrdìfha isák ñ,shk 2'9 la muK jQ bka§h vhiafmdardfjka ishhg 80 la muK ksfhdackh lrk idudkH Y%ñlhka 1000la muK iu. mej;s woyia fnod yod .ekSfï úYd, yuqjla jYfhks' fuu yuqùï oajhhu ixúOdkh lrkq ,enqfõ bka§h m%cdfõ fjkia me;slvhka yd wNs,dYhka y÷kd.ksñks' L&T workers ys§ yd ßhdoa uOHfha isg lsñ 40 lg tmsáka msysá vdyshÜ kdud¾ ys fkajdisl ixlS¾Kfha§ bka§h Y%ñlhka iuÕ we;s lr.;a iïnkaO;djfha§ w.ue;sjrhd Tjqka úiska f.dvk.kq ,nk k.r jHdmD;sh ms<sn|j m%Yxid uqLfhka l:d l< w;r ˜‍ud fuys f.k tkq ,enqfõ Tnf.a fjfyi uykaish yd Y%uh"˜‍ nj mejiqfõh'bka§h Y%ñlhka úiska úfoaYhska ;=< isÿ flfrk ld¾hhkaf.ka uqo,a Wmhkjd muKla fkdj bkaÈhdfõ fm!reIho jeã j¾Okh fjk nj Tyq wjOdrKh lf<ah' ijqÈ wrdìfha fiajh lrk bkaÈhdkqjka jd¾Islj fvd,¾ ì,shk 10 la bkaÈhdj fj; hjkq ,nhs' Tyqf.a Ndjd;aul l:dfõ§ fudaÈ uy;d jeä ÿrg;a m%ldY lf<a ijqÈ fufg%d fiajdj úiska ijqÈ w.k.rh i|yd Tjqka isÿ l< odhl;ajh fkdfndaÈklskau m%o¾Ykh lrkq we;s njhs' fïikajreka" jvqjka" .fvd,a jev lrejka yd c,k, ld¾ñlhkaf.ka iukaú; yuqj wu;d Tyq mjid isáfha ˜‍ud Tfí mjqf,a fldgila f,ihs ug yekafka' Tnf.a i;=g uf.ao i;=ghs"˜‍ hkqfjks' Üúg¾ Tiafia w.ue;ss fudaÈ uy;d fufia igykla ;nd ;sì‚ ijqÈ wrdìfha L&T workers fkajdisl ixlS¾Kfha Y%ñlhka iu." tlaj lñka fndñka Tjqkag ijka foñka yd tlsfkldf.a w;aoelSï yqjudre lrñka isáñ'˜‍ bkaÈhdfõ bxðfkareuh yd há;, wyiqlï fhdaOhd fvd,¾ ì,shk 6l muK lghq;= ßhdoa fufg%d jHdmD;sfha tla u.la i|yd isÿ lrñka isák w;r fuh úfoaY rgl§ bka§h iud.ula úiska ,nd.;a úYd,;u ;ks fldka;%d;a;=j fjhs' Y%u iyfhda.S;djh i|yd .súiqu w;aika lsÍfï§ idudkH fiajlhka hgf;a n|jd.ekSï isÿ lsÍu ;=< bka§h m%cdjf.a iqnidOkh ukd f,i wvx.= flß‚'

uehs - cQks 2016

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lsÍug;a¦ ;%ia;jdoh mj;sk ia:dkj, tys miqìï f,i tlaj Èh;a lsÍug;a tu.ska ;%ia;jdoh i|yd bj;a lsÍug;a ta i|yd ,ndfok ´kEu wdldrfha ihsn¾ wjldYh Ndú;d lsÍu je,elaùuo we;=¿j iyfhda.hl uq,a is| oeóug;a ;uka l%shd;aul jk iudc iyÔjkhg ndOd lrk yd /äl,alrKh m%foaYj, isg wfkla rdcHhka fj; ;%ia;jdoh lrk W;aidyhka mrojd ihsn¾ wdrlaIdj m%j¾Okh l%shd;aul lrk ;%ia;jd§kag uqo,a lsÍug;a tlÕ jQy' iemhSu keje;aùug;a¦ ;%ia;jd§ fuu ;%ia; úfrdaë iyfhda.S;djh l%shd isÿ lrkakjqka kS;sh yuqjg i|yd jk W;aidyhka jeä j¾Okh bkaÈhdj iy meñKùug;a Tjqyq ish¿ rdcHhkag jkafka ueo fmrÈ. l,dmh ;=< IS .,a*a l,dmfha m% n ,u rg wdrdOkd l<y"˜‍ hkqfjka taldnoaO ys ke.S tau;a fjkia ;%ia;jd§ n,uq¿ wdrlaIl m%ldYfha i|yka fjhs' fj;ska bkaÈhdj yd ijqÈ wrdìhg iyfhda.S;djh tfrysj Èh;a lsÍug bv we;s ;%ia;jd§ ;r lr.ekS u go CCIT i|yd iyfhda.h m%ydrhka ms<sn|j jk wfjdaOh;a u;hs' ;SrKh lrk ,§' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=< ;%ia;jdoh u¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk fhdað; cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh ms<sn| iïuq;sh bkaÈhdj ;=< hykduhla úia;D; iïuq;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï ,d bkaÈhdfõ f.dv k.d we;s uE;ld,Sk iyfhda.S;djhka W;aiyhka iu. bkaÈhdj yd cd;Hka;r m%cdj Yla;su;a lrkq we;' iu. l%shd lsÍug ijqÈ wrdìh tlÕ úh' fuys ;%ia; úfrdaë iyfhda.S;djhg wu;rj taldnoaO wkd.; m%;sM, ms<sn|j is;ñka fomd¾Yajhu ;u yuqod l%shdud¾.hka .ekSfuka" keõ yd .=jka hdkd ;%ia; úfrdaë iyfhda.S;djhka taldnoaO W;aidyhla forg w;r ixpdrh lsÍfuka" yuqod lafIa;%fha

w.ue;s fudaÈ ßhdoa ys ijqÈ jHdmdr kdhlhka iu. yuqjl

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uehs - cQks 2016

ksmqKhkaf.a yd msßiaj, forg w;r ixpdrhka iïnkaO;djhla ;yjqre lrk ,§' fï wkQj u.ska fukau Tjqkaf.a taldnoaO ixj¾Okh i|yd w.ue;s fudaÈ ßhdoays msysá ijqÈ jd‚c wú wdhqO iy m;frdï iemhSfuka wdrlaIl uKav, ljqkais,fha§ ijqÈfha by<u m%Odk iyfhda.S;djh ;r lr .ekSug;a bkaÈhdj yd úOdhl ks,OdÍka 30 fofklao bka§h .,a*a l,dmfha m%n,u rg jk ijqÈ jHdmdr kdhlhskao yuqùï wrdìh ;SrKh lrk ,§' tfukau ;=<ska bkaÈhdfõ l:dj yd .,a*a l,dmfha yd bka§h id.r f,dj fõ.fhkau j¾Okh jk fuu forg ;u l,dmfha iuqø wdrlaIdj ms<sn| wd¾Ólh iys; rg iu. jHdmdr iuqø wdrlaIdj Yla ; s u ;a ls Í u iyfhda.h jeä ÈhqKq lr.ekSug lsÍfï myiqj Tjqka yd fnod i|yd ;u forfÜ leue;a; m%ldY lsÍfuka .ekSug wjia:dj ie,is‚' leue;a;o m%ldY iuqø wdrlaIdj ms<sn| lreKo bkaÈhdj ;=< jHdmdrhka we;s l<y m%Odk jYfhka idlÉPd flß‚' lsÍfï myiqlï ks¾udKfha ,d ;u lemùu meyeÈ,s l< w.ue;s jHdmdruh ne£u fudaÈ taldnoaO wdfhdackhka yd ßhdoaj, isÿ flreKq idlÉPd ;=<ska mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh jeks kj lafIa;%hka bkaÈhdj yd ijqÈ wrdìh w;r iïnkaO;dj, .fõIKh hkdÈh flfrys wjOdkh .=Kd;aul mßj¾;khla fmkakqï l< w;r fhduq lrñka úúO;ajfhka hq;a wd¾Ól th wdrlaIl lafIa;%h ;=< muKla fkdj iïnkaO;djhla we;s lr.ekSfï jeo.;alu u;= wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh ;=<;a forfÜ ióm lr oelajQfõh' ˜‍fmfg%da,shïj, isg mqk¾ckkSh

w.ue;s fudaÈ i|yd by<u f.!rjh bkaÈhdj iu. ßhdoa yd .,a*a l,dmh olajk iïnkaO;djh ;rlr.ekSï i|yd ;u lemùu úoyd olajñka ijqÈ rcq i,auka ìka wíÿ,a wiSia ;u rfÜ by<u isú,a f.!rjh jk wíÿ,a wiSia idIa iïudkh w.ue;s fudaÈ fj; mqo fok ,§' fuu iïudkh kï lr we;af;a kj ijqÈ rcfha ks¾udmlhd jQ wíÿ,a wiSia w,a fi!oa rcqf.a kñks' fuu úfYaI f.!rjh iu. fudaÈ uy;d f,dj iïNdjŒhu kdhlhka w;rg tla fõ" th ,enQ wfkla kdhlhka kï tlai;a ckmo ckdêm;s ne/la Tndud" ì%;dkH w.ue;s fâúâ leurka" reishdkq ckdêm;s õ,eÈñ¾ mqáka" cmka w.ue;s Iskafida wfí yd bkaÿkSishdkq ckdêm;s fcdflda úfvdafvda h'

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

ldka;d n,h

ßhdoa ys we;s gdgd WmfoaYk fiajd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh (TCS) " tkï ta wdldrfha m<uq ldka;d ixúOdkh" fj; isÿ l< ixpdrfha§ wdl¾IKhg m;ajQ w.ue;s fudaÈ ;dlaIKfha mßj¾;kSh n,h yd ia;%S mqreI iudc Ndjhg wod, n,.ekaùu ms<sn|j p;=r f,i l:d lf<ah' tys we;sjQ Wkkaÿj fyd¢kau fmkS .sh w;r ,eÊcdYS,S f,i nq¾ldj ye| isá i;=áka bms, .sh ;reK ijqÈ <÷ka bka§h kdhlhd iu. tlaj ys| ;r.hg fuka fi,a*s PdhdrEm .;ay' ;u l:dfõ§ rgl ixj¾Okh i|yd ldka;djka olajk ;SrKd;aul odhl;ajh ms<sn|j w.ue;s fudaÈ i|yka lf<ah' ˜‍ wo uu ßhdoays§ ijqÈ wrdìfha úN+;sh ksfhdackh lrkakd hehs flfkl=g lsj yels f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jD;a;slhka msßila yuqj isák nj f,dj m%Odk mqj;la fõú"˜‍ TCS ldka;d jD;a;slhka yuqfõ§ w.ue;s fudaÈ m%ldY lf<ah' fuu iïmQ¾K ldka;d uOHia:dkh 2013 jif¾§ GE iu. yjq,aldÍ;ajfhka TCS úiska msysgqjkq ,enQ w;r rfÜ ldka;djka kj yelshdjka yd olaI;djhka fukau jD;a;Sh Ôú;h f.dvke.Sfï mqyqKq wdh;khla f,i lghq;= lrhs'

n,Yla;sh" há;, myiqlï" wdrlaIdj yd bkaÈhdj uy;a i;=gg m;a lrñka Saudi Aramco lDIsl¾uh olajd wmf.a iyfhda.S;djh mq¿,a bkaÈhdj ;u wxl 1 b,lal wdfhdackh f,i lr.ekSug wmg úYd, wjia:djka f.dv ke.S y÷kdf.k ;sfí' we;"˜‍ Tyq mejiqfõh' ijqÈ wrdìh úiska fvd,¾ ˜‍fndrf;,a ridhk ixlS¾Kh ;=< taldnoaO á%,shk 2la wruqo,la ielisug ie,iqï lrk jHdmdr we;s lsÍfï ,d wdfhdackh lsÍu" w;r fudaÈ uy;d tys§ bkaÈhdfõ ixj¾Okh bkaÈhdj" ijqÈ wrdìh yd f;jk f,dj rgj,a ;=< yjq,aldÍ;ajhla oeÍug taldnoaOj .fõYKh lsÍfï wdrdOkd l< w;r Saudi Aramco, iyfhda.S;djh u; wjOdkh SABIC yd fjk;a ijqÈ iud.ï fhduq lrñka n,Yla;s lafIa;%h ijqÈ wrdìh fj; bkaÈhdfõ há;, myiqlï ;=< .eKqïlre-úlsKqïlre w.ue;s fudaÈ is ÿ l< ixpdrh lafIa;%h ;=< wdfhdackh lsÍug;a iïnkaO;djh mßj¾;khlg bkaÈhdfõ ngysr uyd ld¾ñl ksIamdok l,dm ,la lsÍug kdhlfhda fofok ms<sn|j is;kak we;s lsÍug;a" iaudÜ isàia tlÕ jQy"˜‍ hkqfjka taldnoaO m% ; s m ;a ; s h ;= < fukau äðg,a bkaÈhd yd iagdÜ ksfõokfha i|yka fjhs' jeo.;a l¾Kq /ila wma bkaÈhd jevigyka we;s ijqÈ wrdìh fj; bka§h iu. taldnoaO fjhs lsÍfï ,d odhl ùug;a Èßu;a w.ue;sf.a ixpdrh" bkaÈhdfõ lrkq ,enqfõh' ta wkQj ijqÈ n,Yla;s iemhqfuka ishhg 60 la wrdìfha wdfhdack wêldßh iy bkaÈhdfõ jk yd ñ,shk wgl bka§h m%cdjla isák ngysr wdfhdackh lrkak jevigyk w;r we;sjQ wdishdkq l,dmh yd iïnkaO ùu jeä ÈhqKq tlÕ;djh ;=<ska forfÜu fm!oa.,sl lafIa;%h lsÍu u;= lr olajk bkaÈhdfõ ngysr ms<sn|j ;=< kj wdfhdackhka we;s flfrkq we;' is;kak ^ Think West& m%;sm;a;sh yd taldnoaO fjhs'

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ju( w.ue;s fudaÈ ßhdoa ys All Women TCS IT IT uOHia:dkfha§ tys fiajlhka iu. ms<si|rl¦ by<( w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ ijqÈ wrdìfha rcq i,auka ìka wíÿ,a wiSia w,a ijqoa iu. ßhdoa rdclSh iNdfõ§

wnq vdìfha Tgqkak ysñ l=urd bkaÈhdj fj; ixpdrh

bkaÈhdfõ Think West m%;sm;a;sh" bkaÈhdj kj wjia:djla f,i olsk .,a*a rgj, Think West m%;sm;a;sh yd iumd; jkq olakg yelsh'th w.ue;s fudaÈ miq.sh jif¾ wf.daia;= ui tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHh fj; l< ixpdrh;a wnqvdìys Tgqkak ysñ l=urd jk fIhsla fudfyduâ ìka ihsâ w,a kyHdka bkaÈhdfõ isÿ l< ixpdrh;a ^2016 fmnrjdß 10-12& ;=<ska uekúka úoHdudk úh' bka§h- tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcH iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï ,d bka§h leue;a; ms<sônq lrñka w.ue;s fudaÈ Tyqj .=jka f;dgqfmdf<a§ úfYaI f,i ms<s.kq ,enqfõh'l=urdf.a ixpdrh ;=<ska ,enQ hym;a m%;sM,hla jQfha wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;ajh W;afYa‚.; ùu;a bkaÈhdfõ ixj¾Okh ;=< tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHfha ie,iqï idlÉPd ùu;a‍ h' È,a,s- uqïndhs ld¾ñl

l,dmh we;=¿ uyd mßudK ld¾ñl ksIamdok l,dm we;s lsÍug w.ue;s fudaÈ tó¾ rdcHfha iud.ï fj; wdrOkd l< w;r äðg,a bkaähd yd iagdÜ wma jevigyka iu. iyNd.S ùug rdcHhg wdrdOkd lf<ah' miq.sh jif¾ w.ue;s fudaÈ vqndhs fj; l< ixpdrfha§ wkdjrKh jQ há;, myiqlï wruqo,la f.dvke.Sfï wruqK ;=< bkaÈhdj ;=< há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHfha leue;a; m, jQ w;r tys§ ÿïßh ud¾." ud¾." jrdh yd kkeõ lghq;= hkd§ lafIa;% m%uqL;ajfha ,d .efka' th bka§h ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ;=< tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHfha fvd,¾ ì,shk 75 la wdfhdackh iksgqyka lsÍug bjy,a fjkq we;' ;j;a jeo.;a ixj¾Okhla jQfha wnqvdì cd;sl f;,a iud.u (ADNOC) yd bka§h Wml%ñl L‚c f;,a ixÑ; iud.u (ISPRL) úiska bÈßfha§ Wml%ñl Ä‚c f;,a ixÑ;hla ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd idlÉPd meje;aùug .;a ;SrKhhs' bkaÈhdj yd tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdcHh w;r we;s jQ wdrlaIl yd Wml%ñl iyfhda.h" ;%ia; úfrdaOfha" Like iuqø wdrlaIdfõ yd ihsn¾ INDIAN DIPLOMACY wdrlaIdfõ iyfhda.S;ajh iu. ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh fjkq we;' tfukau" bkaÈhdfõ wdrlaIl Follow WmlrK ksIamdokh i|yd jk @INDIANDIPLOMACY taldnoaO jHdmD;s ms<sn|jo forg Wkkaÿfjka miqfjhs' Channel

uksIapdkaoa India Writes Network, www.indiawrites.org kï cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d yd bka§h l:dj ms<sn| flakaø jQ bka§h b-iÕrdfõ m%Odk ixialdrljrhdh’ w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈf.a wfma%,a 2-3 ßhdoa ixpdrhg Tyqo iyNd.S úh’

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldß;ajh

kj udj;a

ks¾udKh lsÍu

bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak i;sh ;=< bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdok l¾udka;fha wdvïnrh h,s w¾:fhka o,ajd we; joka |

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bkaÈhdkq rcfha l%shd;aul m%uqL;u jevigyk" bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól wkd.;h kexùug yd tys ck;djg jeä iqNidOk iy iuDoaêh f.k taug wjxl W;aidyhla fõ' tfy;a fuu ie,eiau bkaÈhdfõ wkd.; j¾Okh iy ixj¾Okh i|yd f.da,Sh ksIamdok uOHia:dkhla f,i §¾> b;sydihla u; f.dvke.=k nj fndfyda úg wu;l lr we;' fuu ikao¾Nh ;=< tla WodyrKhla jkqfha úÿ,s ixfoaYkfha fhdaOhl= jk"tßlaika cx.u ÿrl:k fõ' th bkaÈhdj ;=< ì%;dkH md,k iufha w;ska md,kh lrk h;=re wf,ú lsÍu wdrïN l< 1903 isg fï rg ;=< iaùvka cd;sl iud.ula lghq;= lrñka isá we;' wo" tßlaika cx.u ÿrl:k wfkl=;a iaùvk iud.ï lSmhla w;r bÈßfha we;s m%n, mEka - bkaÈhd iud.u"È.= ld,hla mqrdu" rg ;=< idmamq mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí" Tjqkaf.ka fndfyda tajd uydrdIag m%dka;fha mQfka ;=< yd ta jgd f.dvk.d ;sfí' Tjqka tl;=j bkaÈhdfõ olaI;djla fukau úNjh f.da,Sh ksIamdok uOHia:dkhla f,i ke.S isáuq hkqfjks' iuyrúg th iaùvka w.%dud;H iafg*dka f,d*afjka uy;d kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud iu. tla ù fuu fmnrjdß ui bkaÈhdfõ uqïndhs § wdrïN l< bkaÈhdkq i;sh iyfhda.s;djfha isÿùula úh yel' flfia fj;;a" fuu i;shl m%o¾Ykh ^fmnrjdß 13 isg fmnrjdß 18&" ;j;a l¾udka;h m%o¾Ykhla fkdù ta fjkqjg" bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdok l¾udka;h .ek w¾:h wdvïnrfhka h,s we;slrk WmldÍ iqúfYaIS W;aidyhla úh' fuu wjia:dj ;=<k s a bkaÈhdfõ ;sridr yelshdj ksIm a dok wxYhka yryd lrkq ,nk

by<( bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uqïndhs ys§ bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak i;shg /ia j isá msßi wu;ñka jfï( w.%dud;H fudaä bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak biõfõ § iuQy PdhdrEmhlg fmkS isà

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w.%dud;H fudaä yd wksl=;a úfYaI wuq;a;ka bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak uOHia:dkfha ixpdrhl fhfoñka

ks¾udK" iy kjHlrKhka fiiq f,dalhdg l¾kdgl yd cd¾lkaoa"úiskao Tjqkaf.a úfYaIs; m%o¾Ykh lr rdcH iyNd.s;j a h yd uyck rdcH - m%;sm;a;s m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§ iyNd.s;j a h ó,Õ wÈhrg tiùug l< wr.,hls uqïndhs ys bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak i;sh ;=< ' th foaYh S yd úfoaYhka tlaj kj udj;a l< id¾:l;ajfha fyd|u mßudK yd we;a; ks¾udKh lsÍug Wmldr jkjd fukau wdfhdack jYfhkau f;areï .ekSug"flfkl=g ixLHd ys;ldó mßirh flfryso wjOdkh fhduq lf<ah' yryd ú.%y l< hq;= fõ' bka§h iud.ï 9000 lg ie,lsh hq;= úfYaI jEhula" ;reK jvd iy úfoaYh S iud.ï 2000 fuu i;sh yryd iyNd.S jQ wuq;; a ka ,laI jHjidhlhka fj; fhduql, w;r fuu biõj kjhlg jeä úh' 100 lg jvd jeä B<Õ mrïmrdfjys bÈßfhkau úh úfoaY yd hq;= wd¾Ól j¾Ok lghq;= wdrïNh rgj,a ksfhdackh lrk ,o w;r foa YSh iud.ï i|yd w¨‍;ska jgmsgdjla bÈ lsÍug m%o¾Ylhka 215 iy lÓlhka 1200 la iyfhda.s;dj muK isáhy' /iaùï 8000 lg jvd ie,iqï lrk ,§' Wfoid kj m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla iy wdfhdack jeä m%udKhla jHdmdr iy rdcH udj;a ks¾udKh ie,iqï o fuu wjia:dfõ§ ksfhdað;hka w;r meje;aú‚' rcfha lsÍula úh mQ¾K iyfhda.h i;aldrl cd;shg ksfõokh lrk ,§' WodyrKhla f,i" B- fgd,a jevigykg muKla fkdj"fuu wjia:djg iudrïNl f,i bka§h uyd ud¾. iy 2016 iyNd.S jQ f,dj mqrd ix.uhkago ,nd § we;' óg wu;rj bka§h w.%dud;H"fiajl ix.ï m%d.aOk NdKav m%;sm;a;s úiska bf,lafg%dksl wud;Hjreka iy m%dka; wdKavq weu;sjre isg"úúO WmlrK ixj¾Ok wruqo, " fldaá 2200 rgj,ska w.ue;s wud;Hjreka" ksfhdacH w.%dud;H jákdlulska "wdrïN lrk ,§' há;, myiqlï yd wdydr ieliqï l¾udka; i|yd jk wdfhdack iy úfoaY wud;Hjreka we;=¿ wfkl=;a by< fmf<a kdhlhka 20 la muK fuu wjia:djg wjia:d lsysmhla o ksfõok lf<ah' óg wu;rj uydrdIag rdcH md,k wdh;k o" TÈId" iyNd.s jQy'

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uehs - cQks 2016

w.%dud;H fudaä bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak uOHia:dkfha §

fldaá 105000 jákd jHdmdßl úuiSïo" tfiau f.dùka jjk fodvï i|yd iyh §ug hqI fldaá 1520000 jvd fyd| wdfhdack lsÍï wjika ksIamdokh myiqlï ,nd§u i|yd jk w;r ;SrK .ekSuo fuu i;sh ;=< wjika lrk ,§' úod¾Nd i|yd f¾ukaâ fldaá 1400 l,dmfha jákd jHdmdßl mÍlaIK yd jHdmdr .kqfokq lmq ksIamdokh ia:dms; lsÍug wurdj;S È.= ,ehsia;=jla bkaÈhd i;shl ld,h ;=< fhÿkq Èia;%slalfha kakaoa.dfjda frÈms<s md¾la ys w;r tajd uyck wxY iïnkaO yjq,alrejka wdfhdackh lrkq we;' rdYshla fukau fm!oa.,sl wxYh l¾kdgl rch rg mqrd" uqyoq u; iuÕo úh' WodyrKhla f,i" mokï jk mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s bkaÈhdfõ § ì%;dkHh m%uqL wdrlaIl" yd ..k jHdmD;s msyg s ù q u i|yd m%xYfha gd¾ ksmojkak iud.u" î ta B isiagïia bkaÈhdfõ fldjdia isig a ïia iu. .súiqula i;sh ;=< È.= uyskaød tl,ia yd mÍlaIK iu. w;a i ka lr ;s fí' .=crdÜ rch o jHdmdr .kqfokq tu777 fydú;ai¾ w;aje,a ne|.;a id.r iïm;a j¾Okh ,ehsia;=jla w;r uqïndhs mokï lr.;a lsÍug i|yd wlafjr,a fhdackd lr Üúkaiagd¾ iuQyfha iag¾,hsÜ fõÈldjla ie§ug msysgqjkq ,eîh m%o¾YK ;dlaIKh msysgqùug m%xY iud.ula iu. uydrdIag% ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok ixia:dj .súiqula w;aika lr iu. lghq;= lrkq we;s w;r tlaùug kshñ; we;' cd¾lkaoa ys§" m%dka; rch wodks t,a iS § ksIamdok tallh" ;dhsjdkfha TÜrka iuQy iud.u iu. nx.a,dfoaYhg iu. ;dlaI‚l iduqysl;ajh f,i ye¢kafõ' úÿ,sn,h iemhSug .,a wÕ=‍re u; uydrdIag lDIsl¾u yd wf,ú fomd¾;fïka;=j mokï óf;aka fmdfydr ksIm a dokd. yskaÿia:dka fldld-flda,d fnjf¾cia" mqoa.,sl drh fu.dfjdÜ 1600 l uq¿ iud.u iu. .súiqula w;aika ;nd we;af;a Odß;djhla iys; ;dm úÿ,s n,d. fÊka bßf.aIka iSñ; mqoa.,sl iud.u úod¾Nd drhla wdrïN n,d.drhla lf<ah'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

uQ,drïNh

bkaÈhdfõ j¾Okh by< hdu

kej; m%;sixialrKh

f.da,Sh wd¾Ólfha miqnEu uOHfha jqjo bkaÈhdfõ j¾Okh i;=gqodhl uÜgul ;sfnk w;r úfoaY wdfhdacko jeä fjñka mj;S’ joka |

úlia Lkak

f.da,Sh wd¾Ólh wvqùula w;aolsk wjia:djl§" bkaÈhdj tys j¾Ok .uka m:h fya;=fjka §ma;su;a ,mhla f,i wduka;%Kh lrhs wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a f,dal wd¾Ól ikaksfõYh iy wfmalaIdjka o bkaÈhdfõ j¾Ok wfmalaIdjka ms<sn| i¾jY=Njd§ h' ÿ¾NslaIh iy wld,sl fudaiu msg msg wjqreÿ

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folla ;sìh§;a" 2016 § o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ishhg 7'7lska YS>%fhka by< kexùug wfmalaIs; bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól j¾Okh Ökh meroùug m%laIsma;h' wdishdfõ wd¾Ól oejeka;hd" 2015§ ishhg 7lska jeäjqK Ökh" ixikaokfha§ fuu jif¾§ ishhg 6'8l j¾Okhla fmkaùug wfmalaIs;h' hqfrdamh iy wefußldfõ ksYaYío

Representational image

j¾Okfha miq;srfha§ iy Ökfha wd¾Ól by<g f.k iy remsh, fvd,rhg idfmalaIj miqneiafï§" úfoaY wdfhdaclhska i|yd jvd iqÿiq ksh;j ;ndf.k we;' miq.sh jif¾" bkaÈhdkq ia:dkh bkaÈhdjhs' wd¾Ólh ishhg 7'6lg j¾Okh jQ w;r wd¾Ól bkaÈhdkq w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ uy;d iudf,dapk jHdmD;s ó,Õ jir foll§ ishhg n,hg .idf.k hdfï mgka" 8lska j¾Okh fõ' bkaÈhdj flá ld,hla ;=,§ kj rch jir follg fmr rch j¾;udk ÿ¾j, uqo,a md,kh Wreu ùfuka ndr.ekSfï§ w;r ;SrK .ekSfï .sKqï ysÕh o< f;drj id¾:l l;dkaorhla n,dfmdfrd;a;= ke;s ùfï foaYSh ksYamdÈ;h leghï lrhs' j¾Okh ishhg 5lg yeÕSula ;snq‚' fuys kej;Sug ishhg 1;a 1'5lg jeàfï§" WoaOukh ishhg 10lg m%;sixialrKhka isÿjk njg f.k we; ke.Sfï§ iy j¾;udk .sKqï f,dalhg Yla;su;a ix{d heùug ysÕh l<ukdlrKh l< fkdyels bkaÈhdj úiska ksjerÈ ñkqï .eksh ;rï by<ska mej;=‚" fjk;lg yeÍu mqÿu hq;=j ;snq‚' úfoaY wdfhdaclhskaf.a úYajdih iy.;h' wjqreÿ follg wvq ld,hl§" rch kej; Èkd .ekSug m%;sixialrKfhys kej; úiska WoaOukh ishhg 5la muK je<elaùu yeÍfï neñ ñoùu rchg ner úh hq;=hs' wo" id¾:l jqKd muKla fkdj" th j¾;udk .sKqï úfoaY j,x.= uqo,a j;alï Yla;su;a by< hdu ysÕh o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ishhg 1;a 1'5lg wdOdr lrf.k" rfgys úfoaY úksu ixÑ;h

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uQ,drïNh

fvd,¾ ì,shk 350lg jvd by< f.dia we;' by< keÕSu úYd, jYfhka fya;= ù we;af;a uyd m%fõYm;% m%;sixialrK rch hg;g .ekSfï isg úfoaY wdfhdaclhska bkaÈhka ne÷ïlr iy fldgia ñ,g .ekSfuks' Yla;su;a úksuh ixÑ; f.da,Sh uqo,a fjf<|fmd,j,a ys úhyels lsishï jdIamYS,S;djhkag tfrysj úYd, ksj¾;lhlao fõ' wfußldkq fvd,¾ úYd, jYfhka ñ,g .kakd" bkaÈhdfõ ixÑ; nexl=" 2013§ nrm;, f,i b;d krl remsh,g n,mEu oelSfuka rdcHwdrlaIdj jeäÈhqKq lsÍug Wkkaÿh' uqo,a ixÑ; 2013§ udi yhl WmOdkhg tfrysj udi kjhlg jvd wdkhkh wdjrKh lsÍu oeka imhd §u ffO¾hhu;a lrjhs' fjki meñ‚fha rch úiska myiq l< rdcH wdrlaIdj" bÈlsÍï" fjf<|fmd< fnod úlsŒu iy tys fÉ;kd m%lD;su;a lsÍu i,l=Kq lsÍu we;=¿ lafIa;% 15l iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%;sudkhkaf.ka miqjh' nexl= jHdmdr" rdcH wdrlaIdj iy bÈlsÍï lafIa;% i|yd tf;r wdfhdack Wv;a iSud ñ, by< kexùug ;SrK .ekSu bkaÈhdfõ wdfhdackh lsÍug úfoaY wdfhdaclhska i|yd myiq lr we;' rch úfoaY wdfhdack m%udKh fvd,¾ ì,shk 60lska rlaIK jHdmdr ishhg 49lg fo.=K lr we;' cmdkfha ishhg 10la iy ´iafÜ%,shdfõs ishhg 6la muK tfrysj o< foaYSh ksYamdÈ;fhka ishhg 3lg uola jeä f,i rg ;=< Ôú; wdrlaIK wjfndaOh my; uÜgul mj;S' bkaÈhdfjys uq,a msÍu iE§ug rcfhys m%uqL;djg ksis ms<sfj,ska ;,a¨‍jla ,nd §ug" rdcH wdrlaIK ksIamdokfha fjf<| iud.ï úfoaY whs;sh ishhg 49la olajd by<g kexùug bv yer ;sfí' tmßoafoka" bkaÈhdfõ wdydr ksIamdok ksIamdokh flfrk iy ksujk .uka u. úúO jd¾.sl is,a,r fjf<kaokag úfoaY wdfhdack m%j¾Ok uKav,h yryd rch ishhg 100la iDcq úfoaY wdfhdackhka bv yer ;sfí'

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wdfhdack mßirfha wNsjDoaêhg bÈ lsÍï lafIa;%fha iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%;sudk rch úiska ieye,a¨‍ lr we;'

oeka" bkaÈhdkq ksIamdolhka úiska ksujk ,o wdydr ksIamdok úlsŒug bkaÈhdfõ wf,úlrK msgùfï uf.ys úfoaY is,a,r fjf<kaokag / lshdfõ fh§ug yelsh' fï olajd" úfoaY wdydr bkaÈhdfõ fjf<| i,a msysgqjd ksIamdokhg yd Tjqkaf.a ksIamdokwf,ú lsÍug yels nj ;yjqre lrhs' fuu .uk bkaÈhdkq f.dúhka úiska muKla imhkq fkd,efnk w;r úYsIag f,i fjf<|fmd<g m%fõY jk kuq;a fyd¢ka m%;s,dNo ,efí' fmr wkque;shla .ekSug ;jÿrg;a wjYH fkdjk ishhg 100la WmlrK idokakka úfoaYslhkag wjYH ksid fvd,¾ ì,shk 7l ffjoH WmlrK wxYfha iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%;sudk ieye,a¨‍ lsÍula o lr we;' f,dal nexl= jd¾;d wkqj" bkaÈhdj jHdmdr lsÍfï myiqfjka ia:dk 12la by<g mek we;' fjkia jk jHdmdr mßirh wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd m%Odk uQ,H uQ,dY%hla jk iDcq úfoaY wdfhdackhkaf.a ;shqKq jeäùulg bv yßhs' uQ,H j¾I 2015 §" fmr msisl,a isg ishhg 61'6l jeä ùulska fvd,¾ ì,shk 34'9l by< uÜgula ch.;a ffoksl m%uqL cd;sh wkqj" 2015 § iDcq úfoaY wdfhdackhka i|yd w.% ia:dkh f,i bkaÈhdj úiska Ökh iy wefußld tlai;a ckmoh miqlr we;' cmka ;e/õ iud.u" fkduqrdg wkqj" we;=<g .e,Sï oeka fmr jif¾ ishhg 1'1isg ishhg 1'7l o< foaYSh ksYamdÈ;h by< hdu u.ska ksrEmKh lrhs' rch úiska fuu jif¾ whjeh jd¾;dfjka fhdackd l< lDIsl¾udka;fha§ iy há;, jHqyfha§ w;s úYd, uyck úhou m%;sixialrK yd noaO ùu W.% f.da,Sh miq;srhg tfrys iaÓr j¾Okh i|yd wruqKq ù we;' tfukau md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; l< NdKav yd fiajd noao flgqïm; rchg ,nd .; yels kï" th úiska rfgys j¾Okh m%;sY; ,l=Kq folla olajd by<g tl;= jkq we;s w;r tu <Õd ù‍fuys§ b,lalï foll j¾Okhla fyd¢ka isÿ jkq we;'

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uQ,drïNh

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lDIsl¾uh mßj¾;khlg ,la lsÍug bkaÈhdj .ïudk

foig yefrhs

msáir wd¾Ólh kej; mK.ekaùfuka iy j¾Okh fõ.h YS>% lsÍfuka ;sridr ixj¾Okhla i|yd lDIsl¾udka;fha mßj¾;khla we;s lsÍug bkaÈhdfõ 2016-17 taldnoaO whjeh n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ joka |

úldia Ldkd

iqúfYaIS l%fudamdhd;aul fjkila f,i 2016-17 jif¾ uOHu whjefhka fy<sorõ jQ mßÈ taldnoaO rch msáirno fj; wêl ;,a¨‍jla t,a, lsÍug ;SrKh lr ;sfí' lDIsl¾udka;h iy wod< lafIa;% fjkqfjka fjkalrk uqo, ishhg 84 lska by< oud we;s nj m%ldYhg m;a lrñka taldnoaO uq,H wud;H wreka fÊÜ,s fndfyda fofkla uú;hg m;a l< w;r 2022 jir jk úg f.dùkaf.a wdodhu fo.=K lsÍug fmdfrdkaÿ úh' f.da,Sh wd¾Ól fõ.h wvd, ù we;s fudfyd;l fuu mshjr msáir m<d;ano b,a¨‍u jeä lrñka fjk;a wvd, lafIa;% k.disgqùug n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fuu mshjr .;a nj fmfka' fvd,¾ ì,shk 16 la f.dú lafIa;%hg hglsßu iy f.dùkag Kh myiqlï iemhSug fvd,¾ ì,shk 130 la fjka lsÍu we;=¿ mshjrj,a /ila u.ska msáir b,a¨‍u by<kxjd,Sug WmldÍ jkq we;' m%Odk jYfhka f.dú l¾udka;h u; hefmk rfÜ jevlrk ck;djf.ka ishhg 50 lg wdikak m%udKhla jk msáir no ck;djf.a ÿla lïlfgd¨‍ j,g úi÷ula ,nd §ug fuu Wml%u j, wruqKhs' îc rlaIK jevigyk i|yd fvd,¾ ñ,shk 825 la fjkalsÍug .;a ;SrKh wl,g weojegqKq j¾Id

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uQ,drïNh

kj È,a,sfha whjefhka miq meje;ajQ mqj;am;a idlÉPdj wu;k uq,H" ixia:dksl lghq;= iy f;dr;=re iy úldYk taldnoaO wud;H wreka fÊÜ,s uq,H lghq;= i|yd jk rdcH weu;s chka;a iskayd" uq,H f,alï r;ka mS' jgd,a iy m%Odk wd¾Ól WmfoaYl wdpd¾h w¾úkaoa iqn%ukshï o oelsh yelshs

;;a;ajhka iy jir folla tl È.g mej;=Kq kshx lsysmhla kej; fõ.j;a lrùug ta fjkqfjka iuh;a fya;=fjka oeä f,i n,mEulg ,lajqKq msysgqjk ,o fujka wruqo,la WmldÍ jkq we;' f.dùka yg b;d iykodhS wdrxÑhls' .%SIau iD;=fõ fhdackd l%uh hgf;a" wdKavqj jdßud¾. jHdmD;s jmqrk ,o fNda. i|yd ishhg 2 la iy YS; iD;=fõ 89 la l%shdjg kexùug fhdackd lrhs' m%:ufhka jmqrk ,o fNda. i|yd ishhg 1'5 la o jYfhka ;SrKh lrkq ,enqfõ weKysg ;snQ u;=msg jdßud¾. f.dùka úiska f.úh hq;= jdßl uqo,a wvq lsÍfuka jHdmD;s j,ska 46 la jirla we;=<;§ o b;sßh 2020 fNda. rlaIKh fj; fhduq ùug f.dùka Wkkaÿ jk úg o wjika lsÍughs' tfiau lDIsld¾ñl ìï lrkq we;' ñka fmr bkaÈhdkq fylafghdr ñ,shk 2'85 la jd¾ud¾. f.dú ck;djg ishhg 40 la ;rï hgf;a ñ,hg .efkkq we;' iq¿ îc rla I K by< úh yels jdßl f.jd oeóug mßudK f.dùkag iyh ùug jeis jevigyk i|yd j;alula fkdùh' óg by; ;u Èfhka fmdaIs; m%foaY j, f.dúm< fvd,¾ ñ,shk 825 fNda. rlaIKh lsÍug Wkkaÿ jQ fmdl=Kq iy <sx ,laI myla la fjka l s Í ug .;a m%;sY;h f.dùkaf.ka oyfhka tlla k.d isgqùugo fhdackdjla ;sfí' ;SrKh f.dùka muK jQfhao fï fya;=j ksidfjks' iïmq¾Kfhkau fudaiï jeis u; r|d yg b;d iykodhS fuys ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla mj;sk f.dùka yg jir mqrdjg c, wdrxÑhls jkafka fvd,¾ ì,shk 3 la jákd myiqlï imhd§u fuu fhdackdfõ jdßud¾. wruqo,la msysgqùuhs' wo wruqKhs' fudaiï jeis u; hemSu fkdfhla lreKq ksid rfÜ ;sfnk uyd iy uOHu fjkqjg iaÒr c, iemhqulg jir mqrdjgu tl mßudKfha jdßud¾. jHdmD;s fn,ySk ;;ajhlg wiajekakla muKla ,nd.kq fjkqjg bkaÈhdkq wo jeá we;s w;r" fvd,¾ ì,shk 36 la muK f.dùka yg jirlg ;=kajrla wiajkq fk,d.ekSug jk jdßud¾. jHdmD;s 200 lg wdikak m%udKhla iydh úh yelshs' w;ru. weKysg fyda kj;d oud ;sfnk njg Kh fokakka u; r|dmj;sk iq¿ f.dùka yg .Kka n,d we;' fufia m%udohg m;aj we;s jHdmD;s myiq Kh ,nd§u i|yd rch f.dúm< Kh f,i

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whjefhys m%Odk lreKq

lDIsl¾udka;h yd f.dùkaf.a iqN idOkh fj; mq¿,a wjOdkhla 2022 jir jkúg f.dùkaf.a wdodhu fo.=Khlska jeä lsÍug mshjr m%Odka uka;%S l%sIs iskapdhs fhdackd hgf;a jdßud¾. hg;g fylaghdr ,laI 28'5 la f.k tkq we;' remsh,a fldaá 86"500 la wjYH flfrk jdßud¾. jHdmD;s 89 la läkï lsÍug mshjr .efkkq we;' fuhska jHdmD;s 23la 2017 ud¾;= 31 g fmr wjika lsÍug wfmalaId flf¾' remsh,a fldaá 20"000 l uQ,sl uqo,lska iukaú; úfYaI §¾>ld,Sk jdßud¾. wruqo,la ;efkkq we;' fjf<|fmd, Kh iu. jdßud¾. i|yd jk iuia; úhou remsh,a fldaá 12"757 ls' nyqmd¾Yaùh wruqo,a iu. Èh;a lsÍug fhdað; ;srir N+ c, l,ukdlrKh i|yd jk m%Odk jevigyk

remsh,a fldaá 6"000 lska iukaú;h' j¾Idfjka fmdaIs; m%foaYj, l‚k ,o <sx yd j.d fmdl=Kq ,laI 5 la yd ldnksl fmdfydr ksIamdokh i|yd fldïfmdaiaÜ j<j,a ,laI 10la ;ekSu isÿ flfrkq we;' 2017 ud¾;= jk úg f.dú iïNdr ,laI 14la fj; mdxY= fi!LH ldâm;a ,ndfokq we;' ó<Õ jir ;=k ;=<§ mdxY= yd îc mÍlaId lsÍfï myiqlï iys;j fmdfydr iud.ïj, wdo¾Y is,a,r fjf<|ie,a 2000la újD; flfrkq we;' 2016 wfma%,a 14 jkodg fhfok wdpd¾h wïfnâld¾f.a WmkaÈk§ talSh lDIsld¾ñl wf,úlrK b fõÈldjla c;shg odhdo flfrkq we;'

2016-17

.%dóh wxYh

jir ;=<§ PMGSY i|yd rcfha fldgio we;=¿j remsh,a fldaá 27"000 la úhoï lsÍug fhdað;h' PMGSY iïmQ¾K lsÍfï b,lal Èkh 2012 isg 2019 olajd fjkia flß‚'

14 jk FC ys ks¾foaYh u; .%dï mxpdh;a yd uy k.r iNd fj; remsh,a fldaá 2'87 ,laIhla wdOdr m%odk f,i ,ndfokq we;' fuu.ska tla .%dï mxpdh;a ixúOdkhla fj; remsh,a ,laI 81 la yd tla uy k.r iNdjla fj; remsh,a fldaá 21 la ,efnkq we;' kshx yd .%dóh wdmodjka mj;sk m%foaYj, iEu fldgilau ãka ohd,a wka;afhdaoh fufyjr hg;g .efkkq we;'

2016-17

jir ;=<§ remsh,a fldaá ,laI 9 la lDIsld¾ñl Kh f,i ,ndfokq we;

.%dóh m%foaYj, j¾Ok uOHia:dk kd.ßl m¾Io 300la u.ska fmdaIKh jkq we;'

FCI úiska OdkH wdydr ud¾..; f,i m%iïmdokh lsÍu wrUkq we;' fuu.ska mQ¾j ,shdmÈxÑh yd m%iïmdok wëlaIKh ;=<ska f.dùkag úksúoNdjh yd myiqj i,ikq we;'

ó<Õ jir ;=k ;=< ksjdi tall fldaá 6 la wdjrKh lsÍug wfmalaIs;j .%dóh bkaÈhdj i|yd kj äðg,a idlaIr;d fufyhqula Èh;a flfrkq we;

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kj cd;sl bvï jd¾;d jevigyk ;=<ska bvï jd¾;d kùlrKh flfrkq we;' rdYag%Sh .%dï iajrdÊ jevigyk bÈßfha§ Èh;a fjkq we;'

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lDIsl¾udka;h k.d isgqùfï wruq‚ka whjefhka f.dú wxYh fj; kjuq jQ wjOdkhla fhduq lr we;' uqyqK; msgqj( kj È,a,sfha § udOHfõ§ka iuÕ l;dnfya fhfok wreka fÊÜ,s

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fmd,s Kh wdOdr jYfhka fvd,¾ ì,shk 2'25 la whjeh fhdackdj,sfha ;j;a m%Odk fhdackdjla fjka lr we;' fuu fmd,S Kh uqof,a m%;s,dN jkafka 2018 j¾Ih jk úg msáir m%foaY j,g lsidka Khjr ldâm;a ysñ iq¿ iy uOHu ishhg ishhla úÿ,s n, myiqlï ,nd §u jk mßudK f.dùka fj; ysñfõ' mj;sk Kh uqo,a w;r fuh l%shdjg kexjQ úg .ïudk j, ixj¾Ok ksis fj,djg f.jd oukafka kï Tjqka yg fõ.h by, kexúh yel' fuu.ska f.dúm<j,a ishhg 4 l wdka;sl fmd,s wkqmd;hlg fNda. j, M,odhS;dj by, hkjd muKla fkdj .ïudk Kh ,nd.ekSug yels jkq we;' ;=< /lshd wjia:d jeä lrñka .ïno ksfjia uy;aud .dkaê cd;sl .ïno fiajdkshqla;s j, ðjk ;;ajh by,kxjd,kq we;' .;jQ oYl iy;sl lsÍfï fhdackd l%uh - MNREGA - kej; lsysmh ;=< o, foaYSh ksIamdokhg lDIsld¾ñl k.d isgqùu fjkqfjkao wdKavqj wxYfha odhl;ajh fmkajd we;af;a m%Yxidjg ,lalsÍu jà' msáirno l%udkql+, neiauls' 1960 jif¾ ;snQ whjeh ÿmam;a ck;djg Èk 100 lg jev ishhg 42'8 la jeks by, m%;sY;hl fhdackdj,sfha ysñjk nj iy;sl lrk fuu isg o, foaYSh ksIamdokhg ,nd ;j;a m%Odk fhdackdl%uh i|yd whjefhka fok odhl;ajh miq.sh jir jk fhdackdjla jkafka fjkalr we;s uqo, fvd,¾ ì,shk úg ishhg 17 la olajd wvqù ;sì‚' 2018 j¾Ih jk úg 5'80 muK fõ' jHdmD;sh hgf;a miq.sh wdKavq j,ska fuu neiaug msáir m%foaY j,g ishhg ishhla úÿ,s .ïjdiSka yg mdrj,a ;ekSu" <sx ms<shula f,i Kh uqo,a ,nd w;ayer n, myiqlï ,nd lemSu fyda fjk;a wfkla msáir oeóug;a f.dùkaf.a §uhs no há;, myiqlï f.dvke.Su Kh wdmiqf.jqï lmd oeóug;a i|yd .ïjdiska yg bÈßm;a úh fhduq jqjo f.dú wxYfha ;sfnk yels w;r jirlg Èk ishhla wju fõ;kh fï uq,anei.;a ÿn,;djhkag m%;sl¾uhla fiùug ,nd.; yelshs' bkaÈhdkq lDIsl¾udka;h ;rï fjfyi fkdjQy' fuu kj l%shdud¾. f.dú fjiaj<d.;a ú/lshdfjka fmf<k nj fï l¾udka;fha m%Odk wxY b,lal lrf.k ks¾udKh jkúg wjOdkhg fhduqj we;s lreKls' ù ;sfí' fujka fojeks fld< meye;s úma,jhla jevlrk ck;djf.ka ishhg 50 lau fh§ yryd ó,Õ *sial,a j¾Ifhk n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk we;af;a lDIsl¾udka;fha jqjo cd;sl ksIamdokhg ishhg 7-7'75 l o, foaYSh ksIamdok j¾Ok fõ.h;a Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh ishhg 18 la mu‚' fï ksid iuÕ wxl foll j¾Ok fõ.hla wkd.;fha ,nd .ïudk j, /lshd wjia:d ks¾udKh lsÍfï oeä .ekSug bkaÈhdjg Yla;sh ;sfí' fuu id¾:l;ajh wjYH;djhla mj;S' lrd ,Õd ùfï ud¾.h msáirno bkaÈhdjhs'

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uQ,drïNh

l,dj iSudfjka

Tíng f.khdu

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uehs - cQks 2016

zksoyia u;OdÍ iqëu;dz f,i úfõplhka úiska y÷kajd fokq ,nk l,dlre ukdõ .=ma;d c, ixrlaIKh yd ;srir Ôú;h ms<sn| m‚jqvh ,nd§fï udOHhla f,i ;u Ñ;% Ndú;d lrhs joka |

pkaøhS fN!ñla

wE; jï mi( m%isoaO l,d jHdmD;sh( Rain, the Ganga Waterfront ju(‘Noah’s Arc On My Eyot’ kï l,d ia:dmkh

ksoyi kï jQ Ñka;dmr fhÿu l,d;aul ksoyi yd wd;aufha ieuÍug m¾hdh jk w;r th ukdõ .=ma;d iïnkaOj .;a úg i;Hhla fjhs' i;H foaYfma%ñfhl= jk fuu l,dlrejd oYl follg muK fmr bkaÈhdfõ ksoyia Èkh od ;u l,d Èúh werUqfõh' mqrd;k bka§h o¾Ykhka" Ôjk rgdjka yd ,shú,s j, uQ,O¾uhka ;u l,dj ;=<ska je<| f.k we;s ksidfjka furg ish¿ idrhkaf.ka Tyqf.a .uka u. iqieÈh' niagd¾ jkfha N+ñNd.hka yd ,laIKhka úoyd olajk Tyqf.a Ñ;%

uehs - cQks 2016

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

uQ,drïNh

yd uQ¾;s" Y+kH;djh ms<sn| Tyqf.a l,d lD;s fm< úYajh ms<sn| mqrd;k bka§h o¾Ykfha n,mEu ,nd we;s w;r br yd y|" ix.S;{hka w;r cq.,ankaÈ" .+¾f. dka ys Lq,dâj,ska ^ueá fldamam& ld, hka;%h f,i kï l< Tyqf.a ia:dmkh" yd kjÈ,a,sfha bka§h jdiN+ñ uOHia:dkh u.ska mj;ajk j¾Idj" .x.d Èh wNsuqj jeks l,d ks¾udKhka Tyqf.a ks¾udkYS,S;ajfha levm;a jeksh'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uehs - cQks 2016

iSudjkaf.ka Tíng hdu ukdõf.a Rain, the Ganga Waterfront kï ia:dmkh b;d ukyr jkafka oyia .Kkla jk ueá myka yd Ñ,ï ^ueá k,& Ndú;d lr Èh we,a,l udhdj ksujd we;s neúks' th ukdõf.a wiuiu ks¾udKhla jk w;r th ;srir ixj¾Okh yd Tyqf.a ks¾udKhka w;r jk iïnkaO;djh úoyd olajñka f.da,Sh iïm;a Ndú;h ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj lshdmdhs' ;srir Ôú;h ms<sn|j Tyq úiska isÿ l< bkaÿ-tlai;a ckmo uyck l,d jHdmD;sh úpdrlhkaf.a fkdu| meiiqug ,la úh' 70’x65’x60’ jk Rain, the Ganga Waterfront ia:dmkh IHC ys ld, hka;%h ish¿ fokdf.a we.hSug ,laù we;' tfukau úúO Ôjk rgd we;s mqoa.,hska fuu jHdmD;sh iu. iïnkaO ùuo tu ks¾udKj, mq¿,a Ndjh yd oDIHuh id¾:l;ajh lshdmdhs' ukdõ hkq Tyqf.a Ñ;%j, j¾Kh" wdf,dalh yd ieliqfuys we;s .eUqr ksidfjka yd l,d mßphkaf.a kjH nj ksidfjka we.hSug md;% jQ l,dlrefjls' miq.sh jif¾§ ñkfmd,sia l,d yd ks¾udK fld,Sðfha m%Odk foaYkh meje;aùug Tyqg wdrdOkd ,enqKq w;r ;srir ixj¾Okh ms<sn| ixprK lrk cd;Hka;r m%isoaO l,d jHdmD;sfha bkaÿ-wefußldkq W;aiyhka fjkqfjka tlai;a ckmofha m%Odk fmf<a cd;Hka;r ixúOdk foll l,dj ms<sn| m%isoaO foaYk meje;aùugo |wdrdOkd ,enqfõh' fuu l,dlrejd foaYSh NdKav mßj¾;khlg ,la lsÍfï yd tajd f.da,Sh ;,hl ksIamdokh lsÍfï W;aiyhla .ksñka tÈfkod ueá NdKav uyd mßudK l,d lD;s i|yd kej; Ndú;d lrkq ,nk w;r th mdßißl ixfõ§Ndjh fj;ska u;=j tk l%shdjls' ukdõ hkq bkaÈhdfõ uDÿ n,h ms<sn| i;H ;dkdm;sjrfhls' Travelling Trilogy kï jQ tal, m%o¾Ykh uefipqfiÜia" ksõfhdala" wfhdajd" ieka *a/ kaisflda" n¾,ska" ,kavka" uialÜ" m%sfgdaßhd"

ju( ukdõ .=ma;df.a j¾. wä 5"000 lska hq;a iajNdj O¾ufha mxp Od;+ka olajk Tree of Life Ñ;%h wNsuqL msgqj(Time Machine l,d ia:dmkh

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uQ,drïNh

fcdyekakian¾.a yd flama gjqka hk k.rj, meje;aùug Tyq tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamh" ol=Kq wm%sldj yd ueofmrÈ. hk rgj,ska wdrOkd ,enqfõh' uE; ld,h ;=< m%Odk bka§h k.r lsysmhlo th mj;ajkq ,eì‚' Tyqf.a Excavations in Hymns of Clay kï l,d ia:dmk ud,dj" A Hundred and Eight kï Ñ;% ud,dj mru bka§h jkqfha Tyq tyso ;srir ixj¾Okh wvx.= lrk neúka yd È<s÷ l=U,alrejdf.a ksIamdokhka b;d kùk yd fmrgq.dó l,d ia:dmkhka ksu lsÍug fhdod .kakd neúks' ixj¾Okh i|yd ;srir øjH Ndú;d lsÍu" c,h jákd iïm;la f,i ie,lSu" wmf;a hdï wvq lsÍu yd .x.d bjqre u; ks¾udKfha fh§u ixrlaIKfha meyeÈ,s W;aiyhka f,i oelsh yelsh'

by<( l,dlrejdf.a m%Odk;u Ñ;% ud,djla jk Umbilical Cords ys tk Ñ;%hla my<( ójohla oelafjk l,d ia:dmkhla

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uehs - cQks 2016

by<( mßirhg ixfõ§ ùu .fõYKh lsÍu i|yd ueá myka rEmlhla f,i fhdod lrk ,o l,d ia:dmkhla

nyqrEfmalaIh

iïm;a yd ;srir nj" l,dlD;s yd wdOHd;añl;ajh ukdõf.a l,dlD;s ´kEu ksYaÑ; udOHhla m%;p s dr oelaùug yd wjg f,dalh ms<n s |j is;u S g ;=< mj;sk iSudjka blaujd f.dia we;s w;r ñksidg lrkq ,nk fm<Uùu hkdÈh ms<n s oj fl!;=ld.dr" l,d Njka yd ixia:dksl wdh;k idlÉPd lrk l,ays Rain, the Ganga Waterfront" Time mqrd me;sr f.dia we;' Tyqf.a Ñ;% m%Odk Machine hk ia:dmkhka isÿ lrk ld,h ;=< ukdhS ud,djka follska hqla; fjhs" uKav, idlÉPdjkaj, fldgilaj úYd, lekajihka ( fmdf<da ;,fha isáfhah' tfukau ukdhs f.a fml‚je, yd iuld,Sk l=vd c, ;Srfha mj;ajk l,dlD;s b;d rEmhka ( lvodis u; Èh idhï udla Üfõkaf.a úYd, fma%laIlhka jYfhks' Ñ;%mg ;=< Tyq isÿ l< ñisim s s lú W;aijh ixLHdjla weo w;ayod ne,Su bka§h rcfha ñks;a;= ms<n s | ixl,amh ne| .kakd w;ru udOHhkaf.a tll rdcH fiajd m‚jqvhla ;=< ,,s; l,dfõ ;j;a iSudjka blaujd hhs .eí fjhs' tla WodyrKhls' ukdõf.a ks¾udKhka" Ñka;k .=,dj ck;dj iajNdj O¾uh fj; ixfõ§ rcfha yd jd‚c l¾udka; kdhlhka" mßirh lsÍug Tyq ork W;aiyfha È.=jla yd c,h ms<n s | m%ùKhka" uyd l,dlrejka yd fjk neúka Tyq ienE l,dlrefjla wdOHd;añl kdhlhka c,h" fmdf<da ;,fha njg m;afjhs'

uehs - cQks 2016

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l,dj

frÈ mska;dre

ms<sn| l:d

l,ïldÍ" úfYaIs; fudaia; ‌ r j, w,xldr;ajh iajNdúl idhï Wmfhda.Slrf.k Woa§mkh lrk úfYaIs; mEkls’ wo jk úg th iuld,Sk ksIamdok u; tys i,l=K ;nñka isà joka |

maßfrdakd ndiq

wdrïNfha isgu frÈms<s .ek nyq;r u;h kùk l,dlreg iajNdúl fl¢ j,ska ieÿkq froao u; ksIamdok njg iúia;rd;aul ie,iqï iuÕ olaI f,i fudaia‌;r rgd ks¾udKh lsÍugh mßj¾;kh lr kej; m%dKj;a lSÍug"l,ïldÍ ldnksl idhï u; hefmk l,ïldÍ È.= .ukla meñK we;' jir 3"000 muK fmr w¢k,o o< igyka f¾Ld iokqfha Wla me‚ wd§ bkaÈhdkq l,dj ie,lSfï§" iy hlv msrjqï Ndú;d lrñks' l,ïldÍ" hkqfjka woyia j¾Khka idokqfha iajdNdúl l,ïldÍ" mqrdK flfrk fyj;a —mEfka ks¾udK ksIamdok jk Lksc ,jK " m<;=re bkaÈhdkq l,dj" l,dj˜ wdrïN jqfha uOHld,Sk " u,a" uq,a iy fld< j,sks' j¾K jir 3000 f.d,afpdkao iq,a;fkaÜ T*a .ekaùu ksu l, miq" ó yrla ;rugu mer‚h yhsødndoa j,§h' l,ï fyj;a mEk yd t<lsß iu. fnß yd we¨‍ï w,xldr jkqfha isyska WK oKavla iu.ska ñY% lrkqfha j¾K ;o f,dau frÈ lene,a,lska T;d tl fldkla lsÍug yd froaog §ma;su;a wjika fmkSula §u iqrlaIs;j lmq kQ,a t;Sfuks' wks;a fldk ;=vla i|ydh' iajNdúl idhï j¾. Ndú;h iïm%odhsl f,i uqjy;aj we;af;a úia;rd;aul ks¾udKfhys bkaÈhdkq frÈ mska;dre mqrdKfha tla lreKla ksjerÈ nj ms‚iuh' f,dau lene,a, idhï jk w;r uOHu wdishdj"wm%sldj yd hqfrdamh ;=< wjfYdaIKfhka ;=v fj; ,ndfokqfha" isÿ lrk ,o leŒï j,ska úfoaY fj,|dfuys

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uehs - cQks 2016

l,ïldÍ ffY,Sh ksrEmKh lrk Ys,amsfhla

uehs - cQks 2016

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l,dj

meje;au ixfla;j;a jk tjeks ftkaøsh idhï tys uq,a mÈxÑ ia:dkfhys"m%foaYj, úydria:dk idïm, fidhd .ekSug fya;= ù ;sfí' j, n,mEu nyq,j ;sî we;' yskaÿ Nla;slhka l,ïldÍ ffY,Ska ;=kla bkaÈhdfõ f,aLk.; ;u f;audjka i|yd wdYajdohla ùu"rdudhKh lr we;' udiq,smÜkï fyda uÑ,smÜkï uyd Ndr;h "mqrdkia yd N.joa .S;d isg ffY,shka mejf;kqfha l%sIaKd jeo.;a jeo.;a l:dx. ixlaIsma;j Èia;%slalfha wdkaød m%foaYfhka jk ksrEmkh jk j¾K mqjre o, w;r thska l;auKavq f.d,afldkaod igyka i|yd mEka Ndú;ho l,ïldÍ iq,a;fkaÜf.a wkq.%yh ksid jQ j¾K msrùuo w;ska mska;dre l, ffY,Ska ;=kla bka È hdfõ oeä bia,dóh n,mEu ksrEmKh is;a;ï fõ'fuu wdlD;s m;% j, f,aLk.; lr fõ' th iuld,Sk l,d;aul ,dlaI‚l ,laIK w,xldr wdNrK we; m%jk;d iu. wkq.; jk yd yd we÷ï wdhs;a;ï"ieriS jghm¾ishdkq fudaia;r rgd Ndú;d uqyqKe;s f,dl= weia foújreka iy lsÍu i|yd m%isoaO ù we;' w;a leghñka foaj;dúhka olajd we;' fuu len,s j, ;Ska; ks¾ñ; wÉpq fudaia;r rgd ms<sn| o< igyka wdf,am lsÍu i|yd"r;=" ly" ks,a" fld< yd l¿ msysgqùug Ndú;d jk w;r úfYaIfhka ksuejqKq meye;s idhï j¾. w;s nyq, f,i Ndú;d lsÍu mEk fyd|u úia;r tl;= lsÍug Ndú;d lrhs' tys iqúfYaIS wkkH;djhhs' th fuu wdlD;s m;% l,ïldÍ ys Yaßl,dia;s ffY,sh fj;" wdkaød ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd b;d iqmÍlaIdldÍj mshjr

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uehs - cQks 2016

idOl tl;=j l,ïldÍ ys Yaßl,dia;s ffY,sh fj;" wdkaød tys uq,a mÈxÑ ia:dkfhys kñka m%foaYfha úydria:dk j, n,mEu nyq,j ;sî we;' yskaÿ Nla;slhka ;u f;audjka i|yd wdYajdohla ùu"rdudhKh uyd Ndr;h "mqrdkia yd N.joa .S;d isg jeo.;a l:dx. ixlaIsma;j ksrEmkh jk j¾K mqjre o, igyka i|yd mEka Ndú;ho j¾K msrùuo w;ska mska;dre l, is;a;ï fõ'

17 wkq.ukh l<o" Y%sl,dia;sl Ys,amSka bÈßhgu fuu iïm%odh mj;ajdf.k f.dia we;' w;ska uqøs; fuu wdlD;s m;% ks¾udKYS,S ie,iqï .S; kdglhla iy nE.a" fïi frÈ yd iqN me;=ï m;a f,i mßj¾;kh ù we;' l,ïldÍ ys lrdmq¾ ffY,sh fj; uydrdIag%fhys urd;s ixfõokdjka ys n,mEu ,eî we;' fuu is;=jï úfYaIs; jkqfha Ys,amSka l,d;aul nj úoyd oelaùug rka fl¢ taldnoaO lr Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK lsÍug ks¾f,daNS ù we;s neúks' lrdmq¾ ffY,sh"urd;s rdclShka w;r

ckm%sh jQ w;r"ks¾udKhka idß iy foda;s uik úg úfYaIs; len,s f,i Ndú;d lrk ,§' l,dj iu. iïnkaO Ys,amSkaf.a Wkkaÿj wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd" tu ix.ufha jd‚c yd l¾udka; wud;H uy;añh ks¾u, is;¾udka l¾udka;hg ,ndfok u. fmkaùula ,ndfok is;shula ks¾udKh lr we;' fï ish¨‍ ÿla mSvd ueo jqK;a l,ïldÍ jir ;=ka oyia .Kkla mqrd úysfok fuu ft;sydisl .uk isÿlr we;s nj bka§hdkq l,d yd w;alï ksrka;rfhkau Tmamq ù we;'

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l,dj

iïm%odh ;=<

ksujk ueyqï

iqcdks" ìyd¾ ys ;=<sk l=hs,aÜ l,dj tkï frÈ fjk;a ia:r u; ;nd " tlg ueiSfuka miqj ueyqï fudaia;r rgdjka úoyd oelaùu" kj Ôjhla foi n,d isàula jeks fõ'

bkaÈhdfõ fndfyda Ñ;% yd l,d ks¾udK .ïudkj,ska ìysù we;s w;r iqcdks iu. isÿùuo thu ù we;' ìyd¾ys idïm%odhsl ueyqï l,dj úYd, yd l=vd Ndú;d frÈ lE,s ia:rhka f,i mdg kQ,a j,ska uid tlalr ksujk ,o meÉj¾la l=hs,aÜia ks¾udKh rdÊmq;a .fuys .Dyia; ldka;djkaf.a wjYH;djh u; wdrïN lr we;' iqcdks hk jpkh õhq;amkak lr we;af;a iq hkafkys w¾:h —myiqlï i,ik˜ iy cdks ys w¾:h —ìyslrk˜ hk j,sks' tl, l=hs,aÜia ks¾udKh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK .sïydkfha §" w¨‍; Wmka ì<s÷ka fuu uDÿ iqj myiq fuÜgj,ska T;d wdjrKh lsÍugh' wo jkúg " iqcdks ol=Kq rdcia:dka m%foaYfha idß" Oqma;dia"fjk;a we÷ï me<ÿï iy .DyNdKav u; rgd ks¾udKh lsÍu

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uehs - cQks 2016

iqcdks m%o¾YKh lrkqfha .eñ ldka;djka f.ù .sh yd mrK frÈ j,ska b;d Wiia f,i ks¾udKh l< úfYaIs; tïfn%dahsvß ks¾udK fõ'

isÿ lrhs' ishjia .Kkdjla mqrd"fndfyda bkaÈhdkq .Dyia; ldka;djka w;r tïífrdhsv¾ lsÍu b;d jeo.;a jqkq w;r ksjdi j, jevlrk ldka;djka yd fiajdj, kshq;= ldka;djka fuu ks¾udKd;aul mqÿuh u; ojfia meh lsysmhla jeh l<y' tïífrdhsv¾ l,dj f,dj mqrd rgj,a j, mj;sk kuq;a th ms<sn| uq,skau fidhd .;a WodyrKhka l%sia;= mQ¾j 3jeks-5jeks ishjia f;la Èfjhs' uq,skau iqcdks y÷kajd ÿka úg"ldka;djka tïífrdhsv¾ yryd iajNdjO¾uh"foújreka iy foaj;dúhkaf.a rEm ks¾udKh l<y' l,d wdlD;shka i|yd we;s b,a¨‍u j¾Okh jQ úg idß iy fjk;a we÷ï NdKav u; fuu rgdjka"u;=lrk ,§' fuu fudaia;rhka i;=ka"l=re,a,ka yd tÈfkod .%dóh Ôú; lghq;= ksrEmkh úh'

rij;a lreKq tïífrdhsv¾ l,dj ms<sn| uq,skau fidhd .;a WodyrKhka l%sia;= mQ¾j 3jeks-5jeks ishjia f;la Èfjhs' iqcdks uq,skau y÷kajd ÿka úg" ldka;djka tïífrdhsv¾ ;=<sk iajNdj O¾uh"foújreka iy foaj;dúhka ks¾udKh l<y

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l,dj

iqcdks fudaia;r i;=ka"l=re,a,ka yd .%dóh Ôú;fha tÈfkod lghq;= ksrEms; lrhs

fudaia‌;r yd øjHhka

mßj¾;kh lr we;' iEu iqcdks tllu l;kaorhla fyda w;aoelSula ,shefjkq we;'

iqcdks ys" fudaia;r rgd ms<sn| o< igykla w÷re j¾K fÉka j,ska ueiSu isÿ lrkq ,efí' miqj"fudaia;r rgdfõ b;sß fldgi m%Odk uOHia:dk ueyqï j,ska mqrjkq ,nhs' Ndú;d l, we÷ï >d.d Ld,a" OkQ¾" iy rdïk.¾ jk ìyd¾ys j, fkdne÷kq kQ,a iu.ska l=hs,aÜ ksu lrk .ïudk Bhusura .fï l,dlrejka iu. ,§' imhkq ,nk ksmoùï ,d jeo.;a Ys,am l,djla f,i meye;s j¾K uia,ska frÈ yd idß iqcdks m%.=K lrkq ,nhs' wo" iqcdks wdlD;s i|ydo"l=re;d yd Oqmagdia i|yd úúO w;alï iN"rdcH fkdjk l,dj oeka j¾Kj;a uq,a fyda w;ahka;% frÈo ixúOdk yd ks¾udKlrejka w,xldr nj yd fYda,aia yd yeÜg gid¾ fiao isàu ksid" fuu ks¾udK m%fhdackj;a j,skao ks¾udKh isÿ flf¾' iïNjh ,enQ l,dmfhka nj folu we;s ish¨‍ wu;r kQ,a yd .eg ksñ msg;g fhduqù f.da,Sh whs;uhla f,i fmkqu i|yd odrj,ska lmd we;' kd.ßl fjf<|fmdf<a b,a,Sï oel .; yelsh wjidk ksIamdok miqj fidaod Tm wjYH;djka imqrd,ñka ;sfí' ouk hka;%fhka Tm oukq ,efí'

f;audjka iqcdks m‚jqv yqjudre lsÍu i|ydo Ndú;d lr we;' ldka;djka Tjqkaf.a Ôú;fha m%S;sh yd ÿl fuu l=hs,aÜ we;sß,s j, idlaIs f,i

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mqkreoh oYl .Kkdjla ;siafia fuu l,dj m%dka;fhys ieÕù ;snqKq kuq;a oeka h<s;a kd. isgqjd we;' j¾;udk iajrEmfha §" th w,xldr jQ iy Wmfhda.S;djh folu iys;

jfï by, ( .DydY%s; ,skka ksid iqcdks oeka w,xldru;a weÕ¨‍ï njg m;a ù ;sfí'

whs;uhla"f,i oel .; yelsh' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska 1980 .kka w. § ìyd¾ ys uqid*¾mQ¾ Èia;%slalfha"iqcdks l,dj ms<sn|j kej; wëlaIKh lsÍug ldka;djka Èß.ekaùu ;=,ska th w;=reoykaùfuka iïmQ¾Kfhkau fírd .kakd ,§' bkamiq th úfkdaod;aul lghq;a;la f,i fukau" jHdmdr fhdackdjla njgo m;a úh' wf,úh by< hdu;a iu. fudaia;r rgd iy frÈ fukau ldka;djkaf.a l,d;aul Ys,amS yelshdjkao ÈhqKq úh' wo"fuu l¾udka;h ldka;djka i|yd jeo.;a wdodhï uQ,dY%hla jk w;r idïm%odhsl ud;Dld iys; fudaia;r rgd kj jhia ldKav j, .ekqïlrejka yg úfkdaodiajdod;aul yd úfYaIs; tajd fõ' fuu bmer‚ l,djg ksis ms<s. ekSu ,eîu yd j¾;udkfha úhkakka iy wkd.; mrïmrdjka ;=, h<s fuu l,djka ys ksmqK;d bf.k .ekSu yd wdiajdohla ,eîu we;s lsÍu isÿ l, hq;=h'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Wreuh

fnƾ j, fpkakflaYjr fldaúf,a we;s ;rejl yev .;a fõÈldj u; we;s w,xldr f,i leghï lrk ,o me;s .,a mqjre' uqyqK; msgqj( fpkakflaYjr fldaúf,a ;sfnk ishqï .,a leghula iuÕ we;s m%;sudjla

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uehs - cQks 2016

.,ska ksujQ

jd.apd;+¾hh

Y%jKfn,df.da," fya,aî¥ iy fnƾ j, we;s l,d;aul m%;sud iy fi,a ixialD;sluh iy foaYmd,ksl jYfhka fmdfydi;a w;S;hla .ek foia fohs

l¾Kdgl m%dka;fha yidka Èia;%slalhg wh;a Y%jKfn,df.da," fya,aî¥ iy fnƾ k.r l¾Kdglfha w.kqjr jk fnka.dÆre isg lsf,daógr ishhla foishhla wE;ska msysgd ;sfí' fuu iaudrl j,ska Ôjudk jk b;sydih fl;rï úYauh okjk iq¿o h;a tajd úúO ixialD;s ms<sìUq lrkjd muKla fkdj w;S; wd.ñl iyÔjkhla ms<sn| m%n, idlaIs f.kyer mdhs' iEu Ys,d igyklau hg.shdfõ ieÕj .sh rdcOdks iy tajdfha ixialD;sl jákdlï .ek f,djg m%ldY lrhs' ' fnƾ iy fya,aî¥ j, ;sfnk leghï l,d iy Y%jKfn,df.da, j, ;sfnk .,ageU Wodr jQ hq.hlska meje; wd YsIagdpdr j, ixialD;sluh igykah' m%dka; w.kqjr isg yidka olajd Èfjk m%Odk mdfrka tlg hd flfrk fï ixpdrl .ukdka; ;=ku ixpdrlhd yg úúO wd.ï w;r iyÔjkhg .re lrñka rdcHmd,kfha fhÿKq újO rdcjxY ms<sn| ukd woyila ,nd fohs' fuu fi,a ,sms j,ska fydhsid,d" pd¨‍lH"

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Map not to scale

Wreuh

KARNATAKA Belur

Halebeedu Shravanabelagola

oek.ekSu hym;ah k eröug hdug iqÿiqu ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ iy wfma%,a w;r < Õdjk wdldrh ÿïßfhka( idlaf,aIamqr ÿïßh ia:dkh ^ls'ñ' 26& iy yidka ÿïßh ia:dkh ^ls'ñ' 40& .=jkska( ndÊfma" uka.f,da¾ iy ffuiQ¾ .=jka f;dgqm< j,ska

.x.d" fpda," rdIag%l+g yd fjdafoah rdcjxY j, foaYmd,ksl" ixialD;sluh" iudchSh iy wd¾Óluh b;sydih ms<sn| úia;r lrhs'

fidhd.ekqKq fi,a,sms j,g wkqj tiufhys fnƾ y÷kajkq ,en we;af;a fõ,dmqß jYfhks' hqfkiaflda j,g wh;a f,dal Wreuhla jk fuu iaudrl fol w,xlD; iy ishqï f,i fnƾ iy fya,aî¥ ksujd we;' mqrdjD;fha meje; fnƾ iy fya,aî¥ j, isoaOia:dk tk mßÈ fydhsid,d rcorefjda tiufhys tajdfha oelsh yels wk¾> m%:ufhka chsk wd.uo fojkqj fydhsid,d ys .Dyks¾udK Ys,amh iïnkaOfhka ffjYak wd.uo woyd miqj Ysj w.kqjr fnƾ m%isoaêhla Wiq,hs' clalkak wdpd¾h woykakka njg m;ajQy' fydhsid,d y÷ka j kq ,en fkdfyd;a wurYs,amS clkdpd¾h rcjre olaIsK m%foaYfha fldgil" we;af;a fõ,dmqß kï .Dyks¾udK Ys,amshd úiska úfYaIfhkau ldfõß iy ;=x.nød jYfhks fuu isoaOia:dk ksujk ,§' hk .x.d j,g ueÈj me;sr we;s mqrdK" WmksIoa iy rdudhkfha yd fuu l=vd rdcHh ishjia ;=klg uydNdr;fha tk ñ;Hd pß; j, .,a leghï wdikak ld,hla mqrdjg md,kh l<y' fï isoaOia:dk j, oel.; yelshs' fnƾ fldaú, fydhsid,d .Dyks¾udK fnƾ j, h.dÑ .x.dfõ bjqf¾ fydhsid,d Ys,amhg fyd|u WodyrK j,ska tlls' l%sia;= wêrdcHfha w.kqjr w;S;fha msysgd ;sì‚' fuys§ j¾I 1117 § ;,dloa ys fid<Ska mrojd ,nd.;a

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fydhsid,d .Dyks¾udKYs,amfha fi!kao¾hd;aul w,xldrhg idlaIs fok ffY,nd,sldjlf.a fi,a mqjrejla

ch.%yKh ieuÍfï wruq‚ka úYaKqj¾Ok kï pß; iy w,xlD; f,i ksujQ Ys,dnd,sld tkï rcq fuh bÈlf<ah' fuh f.dvke.Sug jir keÜgqlalrejkaf.a rEm we;=,;a fõ' ish¨‍u oajdr 103la .; ù we;s nj fmfkk w;r jevh j, fomi fodrgqmd,lhka wUd we;' fldaú, ksulrk ,oafoa úYaKqj¾Okf.a uqKqnqre jQ ;=,o w,xldr f,i ksujQ lKq .Kkdjlau fojeks ùr n,a,d, úisks' olakg ;sfí' fnƾ ukaÈrfha fnƾ iy fya,aî¥ j, ;sfnk ì;a;shl oel .; yels o¾mK fnƾ uka È rfha tfldf<diajk Y;j¾Ifha iqkaoÍ " tkï levm;la w;e;s bÈßmi uqyqK; isoaOia:dk .,ska ksu jQ ldjH ldka;djlf.a leghu b;d ixlS¾K iy ishqï ix.%yhla hehs lSu jà' Ys,dnd,sld" iqm%isoaO ixpdrl wdl¾IKhls' uQ¾;s iy ;Sre yev hqO wdïmkak ;yvq" mqrdfKdala;s mqrdfKdala;sj, mejfik mßÈ leghï j,ska msÍ pß; j, leghï iy wkkH jQ jir oyilg muK fmr isá ;sfí l,dl%u krUkakka uú; lrjk tla ;jqfil=g fldáfhl=f. iq¿h' fnƾ ukaÈrfha bÈßmi ka m%ydrhla t,a, úh' wi, uqyqK; ixlS¾K iy ishqï uQ¾;s iy ;Sre ;Sre isá f.da;%sl rKldñfhla olsk ;jqid —fydahs jYfhka lrk ,o leghï j,ska w;=re isÿre id,dæ id,dæ˜ hkqfjka Woõ b,a,d lE .ik ke;s f,i msÍ ;sfí' fuu leghï j,g we;a" w;r id,d kï jQ ñksfila uol=ÿ fkdmels< isxy" wia rEm o bkaÈhdkq mqrdjD; j, tk bÈßhg fldáhdf.a wìhig meñK tu i;ajhd

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Wreuh

;u fy,a,fhka .id urd ouhs" fuu ;reKhd 14 jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha § u,sla l*q¾f.a fydhsid,d rdcH jxYfha ks¾ud;D f,i ie,fla' fiakdj úiska fld,a,lkq ,enQ fuu rdcHh ì| tfiau fldáfhl= urd ouk jeà .sfhah' ;reKfhl=f.a rej fydhsid,d rdcOdksfha ,dxPkho fõ' Y%jKfn,df.da, fldáfhl= mqrdK k.rh hk wre; we;s úkaOHd.sß mõfõ we;s f.dauf;aYajr urd ouk ;reKfhl=f.a fya,aî¥ msysgd we;af;a fnƾ isg iñ÷kaf.a tal Ys,d m%;sudj w;S;fha rej fydhs i d,d lsf,daógr 16la wE;sks' fydhsid,d isá rcjre ;dmijre uqksjre iy rdcOdksfha j, w.kqjr f,i jecUqKq th fhda.djprfhda .; l< Èúh ms<sìUq ,dxPkh fõ uq,ska y÷kajk ,oafoa oajdriuqød lrhs' l%sia;= j¾I 978-993 w;r;=r hkqfjks' fydhsid,d jre fuys YsLrfha iajdNdúl msysá .f,ka jir 150lg wêl ld,hla rdcH l<y' bkamiq wUk ,o wä 58hs wÕ,a 8la Wie;s f.dauf;aYajr

fydhsid,d .Dyks¾udK ffY,sfha iÔù isysjgkhla jk fya,aîÿ ys we;s fydhsidf,aYajr fldaú,'

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uehs - cQks 2016

m%;sudj f,dj we;s wdOdrhlhlska f;drj bÈlr kshñ;h' chsk o¾Ykjdohg wkqj ;S¾: we;s Wiu m%;sudjhs' ndyqn,s f,io ye¢kafjk ^fyj;a f;dgqm,& kñka Tjqka y÷kajkafka f.dauf;aYajr m<jeks ;S¾:kalr Y%djlhd fYdal mßfoaj j,ska wdÈk;f.a ^;S¾:lhka hkq msÍ ixidr id.rfhka tf;r ù chsk wd.fï tk mßÈ úuqla;sh kej; kej; bmfoñka uefrñka f.dauf;aYajr ,nd.;a mqrdfKdala;s iDIs jreka hk fkdkj;sk pl%fhka ñ§ m%;sudj f,dj we;s wdOdrhlhlska fldÜgdYhls& mq;%hd úh' úuqla;sh w;alr .ekSug th f;drj bÈlr we;s jir 12lg jrla fhfok WmldÍ jk neú‚' ndyqn,s Wiu m%;sudjhs f,dalm%isoaO wNsfIal Wf<, hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka chsk jk uyduia;ldNsfIal ux.,Hh wd.ug wkqj ,nd .kakd úuqla;sh úuqla;shg ,Õd ùug WmldÍ jk nj úYajdi iy mrudOHdYhhs' flfrk w;r ó,Õ Wf<, 2018 È meje;aùug mqrdjD; iy mqrdfKdala;s j,g wkqj

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Wreuh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uehs - cQks 2016

f,!lsl lï iem lem lsÍu tajdfhka ñ§u iy ffkIal%uh Ndr; iy ndyqn,s j,ska ixfla;d;aulj ksremKh lr we;' l;d mqj;g wkqj" ndyqn,s fkdfyd;a f.dauf;aYajr hkq m%:u ffck ;S¾:lhd jQ ßYdNdkd;f.a iy Tyqf.a ìij jQ iqkkaod f.a fojk mq;=hs' Tyqg Ndr; kñka iq¿ ifydaorfhla isáfhah' ßYdNd .sysf.h yer jk.; jQ miq Ndr; iy ndyqn,s hk mq;=ka fofokd yg ßYdNd rcqf.a rdcOdksfha fjkia m%foaY folla rdcH lsÍug ,nd fok ,§' jeä l,a fkdhjdu Ndr; ;ud jgd we;s rdcOdks rdYshla hg;a lr.;a w;r ;u fidfydhqre jQ ndyqn,s iy ;j;a 98 fofkl= ;u jiÕhg .ekSug Tyqg wjYH úh' ndyqn,s yereKq úg wfkla ish¨‍u fokd rdcH w;yer ;jqika njg m;ajqy' ndyqn,s muKlau hg;a ùu m%;slafIam lf<ah' fï ksid Ndr; ndyqn,sg oajkaO igklg wNsfhda. lf<ah' Ndr; mrojd ch .ekSug wdikakhgu meñfKk ndyqn,s yg f,!lsl ch.%yKfhka ,o yels wNsudkfha we;s ksire nj yÈisfha wjfndaO ù hk w;r igk w;yer chsk Y%uKfhl= njg m;aj ;jqia oï mqrkakg úh' chsk iïm%odhg wkqj" wdjdi¾mskS" tkï ld, hq.fha wj pl%fha È úuqla;sh uq,skau ,Õd lr.;af;a ndyqn,s jk w;r tfia úuqla;sh ,nd .; m<uq ñksid jQ ksid úYajfhau jkaokdudk ,eìh hq;= pß;hla njg Tyq m;aúh' úkaOHd.sß m¾j;fha f;acia úysÿjñka yqfol,dj ke.S isák ndyqn,s m%;sudj msi yudhk u| iq<Õ ;u rdcHh ;u fidfydhqrdg

wNsuqL msgqj( nyqnd,s foúhka f,io y÷kajk f.dauf;aIajr fudfkd,s;sla ms<suh. by<( o¾mK iqkaoÍ” fpkakflaYj fldaúf,a legm;la w; ork ldka;dj

whs;s ùug yer uqksjrfhl= njg m;a fjñka Tyq l< ta lem lsÍu f,djg y~.d lshhs' uhsiqrfha .x.d rcjrekaf.a Y%Su;a fikam;s ;=uka jQ pduqkao¾h ;u ujq;=ñh jQ l,d, foaù f.a ieoeyej;a me;=u bgqlrkq jia fuu m%;sudj ;u .=reka jk wð;fika wdpd¾h iy fkñpkaø isoaoka; pl%j¾;Skaf.a u.fmkaùu hgf;a wßIagfkñ kï l,dlre úiska wUk ,§'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Wreuh jir 200la mer‚ ft;sydisl jYfhka f,dl= jákdlula we;s ukaÈrh ms<silr lr ixpdrlhka i|yd újD; lr ;sfí'

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uehs - cQks 2016

wjYH;djhla ;sfíkï

Bg ud¾.hla o ;sfí

bmer‚ È,a,sfha msysá jir 200la mer‚ ukaÈrhla wkqmfïh W;aidyhl m%;sm,hla f,i tys uq,a Y%S úN+;shg m;a lrñka kej; m%;sixialrK lrkq ,en we;'

bkaÈhdfõ foaYmd,ksl w.k.rfha úN+;u s ;a w;S;h .ek ´kEu wfhl= uú; lrjk iq¿h' fï m%ldrfhka jgjQ k.rfha ck;dj iuÕ È,a,f s ha Wreuh ms<n s | lrk ,o l;dnfyka meyeÈ,s jk lreKla kï fndfyda fofkl= yg Ydcykdndoa hkak hg.sh u;lhla njhs' i;HjYfhkau .; l<" È,a,f s ha mÈxÑlrejkaf.ka jeä fofkla

mqrdK È,a,f s ha Orumqr kï jQ l=vd úiau,ka;hla ;sfnk nj mjd fkdoks;'s f.da,a iyí lS yfõ,s f,i oeka ye¢kafjk fm!rd‚l .rdjeà .sh ukaÈrhla fndfyda fjfyi f.k m%;i s xialrKh lrñka O¾umqr w;S;fha iqml % g jQ .Dyks¾udK Ys,m a fha Y%S úN+;h s f,djg m%o¾Ykh lsÍug uq,a mshjr ;nd we;'

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Wreuh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uehs - cQks 2016

jfï isg jdudj¾;j( ,dfldaß wdmkYd,dj ri uq.,dhs ri uijq¿ msßkuhs( .Dyks¾udK Ys,amfha iy ksujqfï oeä fuda.,a iy hqfrdamsh wdNdIhla fmkajk ukaÈrh úYd, bvlvla ;sfnk njla fmkajhs' ukaÈrfha ms<silr lsÍfï lghq;= msgqmi isá mqoa.,hka jkafka úfÊ f.da,a iy isoaOdka;a f.da,a h'

uOHld,Sk b;sydih úÑ;%f,i ujd .ekSug wjYH ish¨‍u foh Orumqr i;=fõ' oykujk Y;j¾Ifha w.Nd.h olajd Èj hk foajia:dk" ukaÈr" O¾uYd,d iy lvms,a j,ska thg ,nd fokafka fjkiau fmkquls' m%ldr k.rh lskï whqf¾ tllao hkak Orumqfrka úoyd oelafjk mßÈ fïjd m%;sixialrKh lsÍu fuys wruqK ù ;sfí' Orumqr hk kfï iïNjh ft;sydisl isÿùï lsysmhlgu wE|d .; yelshs' ishjia .Kklg fmr fuh uqia,sïjreka iy chsk wd.ñlhka w;r iduldó iyÔjkhla mej;s ia:dkhla úh' iqm%isoaO cqïud uiaðoa j,g wdikakfha uqia,sï jgmsgdjl mej;=K;a fuys jeäfldgila isáfha chsk jre jQ w;r Tjqka fuu m%foaYfha w,xldr foajia:dk f.dvke.=y' fï ksid" fuu wd.ñl iyÔjkfhka ms<sìUq jQ fmdÿ ,eÈhdj ksid fuh O¾ufha wdikh tkï O¾umqrh f,i ye¢kajqjd úh yelsh' ukaÈrh ne,Sug .sh m<uq .ufka§ hful=g ìug iu;,d ù hdug Tkak fukak ;sfnk f.dvke.s,a,la ñi wka hula .ek is;d .; fkdyel' f.dvke.s,af,a wdlD;sh ;;ald¾hhkaf.ka iy wkjYH tl;= lsÍï j,ska b;sÍ me;sÍ ;sì‚' tfia jqjo" fuu ukaÈrh f.dv .ekSug ork W;aidyh yqÿ isyskhla muKla jqjo kej; ms<silr lsÍug fuh ish¨‍ iqÿiqlï imqrd ;sì‚' ´kEu wfhl=g jegfyk

uehs - cQks 2016

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Wreuh

lreKla kï fuu ukaÈrh msysgd we;s whqßka ,laj ;snQ w;r Nhdkl úh' Wvquyf,a jy,h th Orumqrfha ixfla;hla ù we;s njhs' r;= wiu;=,s; nr t,a,ùu ksid lvdjeà ;sí w;r n,fldgqfõ irU msáfhao mqmqrd ;sì‚' isg wä ì;a;s mqmqrd ;sì‚' ,Sfhka ;kk ,o hg,S iy 100 mdr Èf.a weúof.k ú;a lskdß lvùÈh nd,al t,a,d jeà ;sì‚' fojk uyf,a ne,alksh iy oßnd j, msysá iaj¾KdNrK r|jd ;ndf.k we;s r;= .,a j,ska fj<|fmd,g wdikakfha msysá fuu lsysmhla l=vqù f.dia ;sì‚' .,a Orumqr hkq ia:dkhg ,Õd úh yelshs' lKq o >k lD;Su ;Ska; ;Ügq uqia,sïjreka iy flfiajqj;a" fuu ukaÈrfha .Kklska jeiS ;sn‚' tfiau" chsk wd.ñlhka mqrdK ftYap¾hh kej; f.k tau oejuh fodrj,a iy W¨‍jyqo cfk,a w;r iduldó isyskhlau ù ;sì‚' .nvd lsÍï m¿o Èrdf.dia ;sn‚' uq,ska ;snQ iyÔjkhla mej;s ia:dkhla lghq;= i|yd ldur ;=< iú.ekajQ úÿre cfk,a ;yvq tlaflda ì£ úh' isfuka;s fldkal%SÜ j,ska idok ;snQ w;r iuyr ia:dk j, olakg ,o w.= ms,a mej;sks' jeisls<s iy fkd,eì‚' w,xlD; f,i r;= uq¿;ekaf.j, iE§ug ldur l=vd l=vd fldgia .,ska ksujQ bÈßmi m%idouqLho yßyeá kv;a;= j,g lvd ;sì‚' fodr cfk,a wjysr lr ;snQ lr fkd;sì‚' w;r ì;a;s j, úYd, f;;a lE me,a,ï ;sì‚' ia;%S mqreI fomlaIhg fjkafjka f,i wx.k bÈßhg fkrd wd i|¿;, oeä f,i ydkshg j,ska fjfiiskau ks¾ñ; jQ m%:ufhka áka

O¾umqr ukaÈrfha uOHu wx.khg tys ;sfnk ish¨‍u ldur tl t,af,a bÈlr ;sfí

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uehs - cQks 2016

k¾;kfha ix.S;fha isg bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï olajdu fuu f;uy,a ukaÈrh bkaÈhdkq ixialD;sh úoyd mdhs

fpdaõla lS yfõ,s f,i ye¢kajqKq fuh foaYSh cd,s iy leghï lrk ,o oejuh fldgia jeks chsk ck;djf.a idvïnrhg fya;= jQ fi!Nd. úÑ;% wx. oel.; yelsúh' Hfha ixfla;hla úh' fuh uq,ska idïm%odhsl mq¾jdo¾Yhg .ekSug Ydcykdndoa j, fyda ;dlaI‚l Ys,am j,g wkqj ,fldaß .fvd,ska È,a,sfha fjk;a lsisu ;ekl fujka ukaÈrhla lrk ,o >k ì;a;s j,skao yqKq .d ,S nd,al f.dv.ekSfï ld¾hla bgq lr fkd;sì‚' iels,a, fh¥ isú,sulskao fldkal%SÜ f.ìfukao olaI ;jÿrg;a lvd jeàu je,elaùu i|yd ydkshg f,i taldldr Ndr ksujqKq m;a ì;a;s j,g uqlal= .id wdOdr Ndrh jHdma;shla ord.; yels imhdÿka w;r f.dvke.s,a, wNsfhda.h jQfha jk mßÈ ksujqKq wdrelal= j,skao báfrÈ j,ska wdjrKh lrk ukaÈrh tys uq,a Y%S mßmq¾K Ndrh ord.; yels ,§' flfia jqj;a" fuys ;snQ úN+;shgu ms<silr f.dvke.s,a,la úh'ìïuyf,a wNsfhda.h jQfha ukaÈrh tys uq,a lsÍuu muKla fkdj fldgil iy ueÈuyf,a ryia Y%S úN+;shgu ms<silr lsÍuu wkd.;fha jir. .DyNHka;r ud¾. iys; fiamamq muKla fkdj wkd.;fha jir.

Kkdjla olajd th iqrlaIs;j mj;ajd ;sfí' ìïuyf,a iy fojk Kkdjla olajd th iqrlaIs;j .ekS u hs ' uyf,a we;s wx.k jgd we;s mj;ajd .ekSuhs' ldur j, w,xldr f,i .,ska fuu m%;m s ,h w;am;a leghï lrk ,o wdrelal= iy l=¿Kq ;sfí' lr.ekSug jir 5la mqrd lïlrejka 50lf.a ;srfrÈ fh¥ wdrelal= j,ska ukaÈrh iajNdúlj muK 24x7 mqrdjg Y%uh lem lsÍug isÿúh' wdf,dalu;a lrkakg we;s w;r jd; ixirKh yqK. q ,a iuÕ jev lsÍug;a .,a leghï lsÍug;a .%SIau iD;=fõ§;a ldur isis,aj ;nd .kakg l,d;aul ks¾udKhla t,s oelaùug;a iu¾: we;' oekg;a mj;sk i|¿;,hle tys uq,isgu Ys,m a k s a fidhd f.k .sh fuu l%h s dj,sh iy .uk mej;=Kq w,xldr udn,a j,ska leghï lrk ,o we;a; jYfhkau is;a weo.kakd iq¿ tlla úh'

uehs - cQks 2016

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55

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Wreuh

wdmkYd,dj fj; Èfjk ms<silr lrk ,o .DyNHka;rh

miqj tl;= lrk ,o fnÿï ì;a;s ish,a, iy cQÜ ,kq fu;S iy oe,a jeks fmdai,dksl bj;a lr uq,a bvlvu ,efnk mßÈ ilia øjH iy wdl,k ms<sn| oekqu we;s fïikajreka lrk ,o w;r tfia ilik ,o bvlv kej; lsysmfofkla fiajhg n|jd .kq ,eîh' ;snQ Ndú;h i|yd b;d fhda.H úh' >k fmkqugu .e<fmk mßÈ ì;a;s ;Ska; ;Ügq ksid uq,ska mj;S Tmh iy jy,hka kej; f.dvk. ke;sù f.dia ;snQ foda,amq¾ .,a lKq kq ,eìh' uq,ska mej;=Kq ,fldaß wdlD;sh ms<silr lr uq,a msßisÿ lrk ,o w;r iEu ish¨‍ .fvd,a fyd| ;;ajfha ;snqKq nj ;;ajhg m;a leghulau ;ju;a fyd¢ka n,d.; fidhd .ekqKq w;r c,h ldkaÿ lsÍug jir 5la yels jk ;rï fyd| uÜgul fkdjk ia;rhla fhdodf.k mq r d lïlrejka tajd mej;=Kq nj olakg ,eì‚' tajd ;jÿrg;a kv;a;= lsÍug iy 50lf.a Y%uh idïm%odhsl yqKq msßhï f.dvke.s,s Yla;su;a lsÍulg Ndckh lrk lem lsÍug bÈlsÍï l,dj ;jÿrg;a olakg ,§' iuyr ì;a;s j, ;snQ È.= .eUqre isÿúh fkd,efnk ksid fï i|yd wjYH me,Sï uDÿ jdfka fmd¨‍ j,ska fïikajreka imhd .ekSu wNsfhda. l;sr ueiqï l%uhg tla lrk hla úh' jdikdjlg fuka" r;= n,fldgqfõ fï ,§'' fmof¾relï j, ;snQ isÿre iy ysoeia yqKq jkúg flfrñka mj;sk ixrlaIK ld¾hhka nodufhka .=re;aj .%jqÜ lsÍfuka jid ouk ksid yqKq noduh ieliSfï;a" fn,a.sß" .=¾ YSrd ,§' Ydcydks fudaia;rhg ksujqKq jd;a;= hlv

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uehs - cQks 2016

O¾umqr ukaÈrfha fodrgqj

.rdÈ jeg cdhsmQ¾ j, ksujQ w;r oejuh msúiqï l%shd;aul fõ' ìï uyf,a iy jy, uqÿfka fodrgqj rdcia;dkfha fYaldj;s j, leghï ;sfnk wdmkYd,d j,ska ukfudykh lrk iq¿ lrk ,§' jd;djrKhla fuhg f.k ths' m%;sixialrKh fuu ukaÈrfha we;s iqúfYaIS iy ixrlaIKh ms<sn| W.; ,laIK j,g fya;=j fuda.,a" yels oekqï uOHia:dkhla f,i;a úlafgdaßhdkq iy yskaÿ .Dyks¾udK ixialD;sl uOHia:dkhla f,i;a fuu ukaÈrh fuda.,a" Ys,amfha úYsIag jQ iudfhdackhhs' ye¢kaúh yelsh' tfiau fuu úlafgdaßhdkq th uq,ska ks¾udKh lrkq ,enqfõ ukaÈrh ixialD;sluh ikaOHdjl iy yskaÿ fkajdisl iy jdkscuh lghq;= uqyqKqjßka úúO l<d iïNjhka .Dyks ¾ udK i|ydhs' ùÓh foig újD; jk my; fmkakqï lrk ia:dkhls' kejqï Ys,amfha ud,fha ;sfnk lv idmamq iy b;sß f,i ;Ska; .E ì;a;s" Tm ouk,o ,S úYsIag jQ ;Ügq jdih lsÍug iqÿiq f,i ksujd fodrgq iy kj úÿre cfk,a j,ska iudfhdackhls' ;sîu fuys ñY% m%fhdack mej;=Kq hq;=j iïmq¾Kfhkau ms<silr l< nj meyeÈ,s lr fohs' f.dvke.s,a,la f,i fuu ukaÈßh fuu ukaÈrh oeka fmdÿ ck;djg újD; lr oel.; yelshs' Ydcykdndoa j, ;sfnk fujka we;s w;r lEu ldur iy wdmkYd,d folla fjk;a ukaÈr oyia .Kkla .ek;a ñka f.k iuÕ ldur 13lska hq;= fydag,hla f,i fuh tkafka kj n,dfmdfrd;a;=jls'

uehs - cQks 2016

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57

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Wreuh

Ysjfoú÷kaf.a

ÈjH úudkh

t,af,dardys f,dal Wreu ìfuys ueo ieris,a,la jk" lhs,id fldaú," ysud,fhys ujqkaÜ lhs,dYays ixfla;d;aul wdlD;shls joka |

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f¾Kqld iQ¾hjkaIs

uehs - cQks 2016

uydrdIag% ckmoh rfgys fmdfydi;a ixialD;sh" Wreuh iy odhdoh úoyd mdk iaudrl úYd, .Kklg ksjykhs' uqïndfha bkaÈhdfõ f.aÜfõ" ojq,;dndoays pkaoa ñkd¾" mQka ys w.d Ldka ud,s. dj iy flaidß jdod fjr<dikak ckmoh u.ska idlaIs fokq ,nk úúO hq.hka ksrEmKh lrk iy Wodr rdc jxYhka ksrEmKh lrk fkdfhla iaudrlhkaf.ka lsym s hla fõ' flfia jqj;a"

´rka.dndoa ys t,af,dardys mqrdúoHd;aul ìul .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a wreuhla jQ" lhs,id fldaú, ne,Sug fkdhdfuka uydrdIagh % g hk úfkdao .ukla wiïmQ¾K fõ' th ;ks m¾j;hlg msg;ska leghï l< uyd Ys,djla f,i f,dal m%ios O a h' wä 109la muK m<, yd wä 164la muK È." yskÿa fldaú, Ijk l%I s K a d úiska 8jk ishjfia§ f.dvk.d" Ysj foúhkag mQcd lrk ,oaols'

uehs - cQks 2016

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Wreuh

by<( lhs,did fldaúf,ys W;=re me;a;" t,af,dard f,kays fldgi¦ uqyqK; msgqj( lhs,did kd: mkaif,ys .fkaI m%;sudj

lhs,did fldaú, t,af,dard f,ka msysá ;dmidrdu yd fldaú,a 34ka tlls' tajd iyshdodÍ l÷ j, by< uQ,ia: m%md;fha ;dmamfha lsf,daóg¾ 2l m%foaYhla tlaj l‚k ,o tajdh' f,ka wxl 16 - fldaú, -m,a,j ffY,sh i,l=Kq lrk w;r tys l¿.,a lemqï .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha Ys,am fl!Y,Hh iy uQ¾;s Ys,amSh

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uehs - cQks 2016

w,xldrh i|yd ødúÈhka .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhg iudk;dj orhs' fldaú, f.dvke.Su wdrïN jQfha l%s' mQ 757 § jk w;r l%s' mQ' 783 iïmQ¾K lrk ,§' tjeks uydkqNdjiïmkak ixlS¾Khla ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ we;=,;a jQ ixlS¾K;djh fya;=fjka fldaú,a ie,eiau b;sydi{hska yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSka uú;hg m;a lrk ,§'

lhs,did fldaúf,ys .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh by< isg my<g l‚k ,o" tys isria l=yrh ksid ie,lsh hq;=h' fuu talffY,uh f.dvke.s,a, f.dvke.Sug mdIdK fgdka 200" 000la muK bj;a lsÍug l‚kakka úiskawjqreÿ 20la .;a njg mqrdjD;a;fha i|ykah' miqj" fuu f.dvke.s,a, ks¾udKh lsÍug

lmk lgq j¾. ;=klg jvd Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;s nj mqrdúoHd{fhda ksYaph l<y' fldaú,a msúiqfuys jï me;af;ys we;s fndfyda foújreka IysfõÜia jreka jk w;r ol=Kq me;af;ys jhsIakdjd m%cdjkaf.ka h' uy,a ;=kla Wi l=¿Kq iys; wdrelal= fm< fldaú,a wx.Kfhys fldka fõ' wx.Kfhys we;s f.dvke.s,s foflys idïm%odhsl Ysj fldaú,a j, fuka" Ysjd,sx. fj; uqyqK md isák" kkaÈ" W;=ï jDINhdf.a rEmhla we;' kkaÈ uKavmh iy m%Odk Ysj fldaú, óg¾ 7la Wig iy uy,a folla by<ska idod we;' folu úÑ;% úia;rd;aul leghï j,ska hq;a Yla;su;a wdlD;Skah' w;a;sjdrï uÜgfuys w,ska úiska iïmQ¾K f.dvke.s,a,u ord isákakdla fuka fmkakqï lrhs' fldaúf,ys f.dvke.s,s j,ska ie,lshhq;a;la jkafka hlaI rdjK

uehs - cQks 2016

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Wreuh

rcq lhs,did ujqkaÜ tiùug W;aidy lrk wdlD;sh h' fldaúf,ys l=¿Kq" cfka, iy Yd,d tl;=j foúhkaf.a iy rEm j,ska iy wfkla rEmigyka j,ska leghï lr we;' t,af,dard f,ka ishjia .Kkdjla mqrd wNdjhg m;aj we;s kuq;a t,af,dardys fldaú,a f,ka YsIag iïmkak f,dalhg bkaÈhdkq wd.ug yd l,djg WodyrKgla f,i ye¢kajQ ,§' nfrdaod fldm¾ maf,aÜ m%odk ld¾ld II t,mqrd ys úN+;su;a leŒï f,i olajhs ^flfiao h;a t,af,dard&' wrdì .fõYl ta whs uiqÈ iy b;sydi{ *ßIagd hkq uqia,sï ld,mßÉfþofhys t,af,dard ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a jd¾;d j, igyka lr.;a uq,au wêldÍyq fofofkls' hqfkiaflda u.ska f,dal Wreu N+ñhla f,i kï l<" t,af,dard f,ka"

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uehs - cQks 2016

nqoaOd.u" yskaÿ wd.u iy chsksiï hk fjkia wd.ï ;=kla fuu fldaú,a yryd ksrEmKh lrhs' tajd ngysr bkaÈhdfõ f,ka fldaúf,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfhys ixl%dka;sh igyka lrkq ,nhs' ol=fKa isg W;=rg m%md; Èf.a .uka lrk w;r;=r" fn!oaO lKavdhfï f,ka 12 uq,skau .fõIKh l< tajdfha ;dmidrdu iy ;ks úYd, fldaú,la

uqyqK; msgqj( fm!rd‚l yskaÿ fldaú, we;=,; Yla;su;a mdIdKhg leghï lr we;s wd.ñl o¾Ykh¦ ^by<& t,af,dard ys lhs,did fldaú,

wvx.= fõ¦ tajd mer‚;u tajd f,i fmfka' bkamiq" —oi wj;drhkaf.a .,af,k— f,i y÷kajk yskaÿ wd.ñlhskaf.a f,ka meñfKk w;r wjidkfha chska lKavdhfï wjidkfha leŒï l< iy t,af,dard f,ka j, mj;sk l,djka fj;ska wdfõYh .ekSug f.dvke.s,s ke.S isáhs' f,ka w;r we;s lhs,did fldaú,

rdIag%l+g rdcjxYfha md,kh w;r;=r Wiiau .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha m%dma;sh f,io keÕS isáhs' t,af,dardys m%;sud" Ñ;% iy Ys,d,sms oyia .Kkla .,d yef,k l,d;aul fmdfydi;a nj iy o¾Ykjdoh fm!rd‚l bkaÈhdkq YsIagdpdrfhys uyd ch.%yKh fuu f,ka nj lshd fohs'

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Wreuh

l=¿nvq uf.ys

wysñ jQ odhdoh

ñhqisßia hkq w;S;fha l=¿nvq .uka uf.ys jecUqKq jir 3000la mer‚ ixialD;shla fmkaùug wruqKq lr.;a fjf<| jrdhla" oeka flar,fhys ixrlaIK jHdmD;sfhys fldgils' joka |

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repd l=,al¾ks

n

uehs - cQks 2016

ñhqisßia jHdmD;sh bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u ixrlaIK jHdmD;sh fukau flar<fha m%:u yß; jHmD;sh fõ' 2007§ wdrïN lr " ñhqisßia jHdmD;sh hgf;a leŒï f;acia iy cd;Ska w;r tluq;= w;S;hlg oEia újr lsÍug WmldÍ ù ;sfí' jHdmD;sh wdrïN lrk ,oafoa hqfkiaflda jeks fkdfhla rdcH tall iyfhda.s;ajh yryd jk w;r" tys woaú;Sh wka;¾ixialD;sl ne£ï j,g ia;=;s jkakg wka;¾cd;sl f.!rjh Èkdf.k we;' foaYSh mßir moaO;sh ydks meñKùfuka f;drj" jHdmD;sfha wruqKq jk ixpdrl jHdmdr ud¾.h wkql+,kfhka iy kj .ukdka;hka újD; lsÍfuka foaYSh ixpdrl jHdmdrh u.ska wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg n,h ,nd §ug yelsh' jHdmD;sh u.ska ie,iqï lrkqfha w¾kl=,dï iy ;%siQ¾ Èia;%slal j, mqrdúoHd;aul isysjgk ixrlaIKh lsÍug iy Wiia lsÍugh' fuu Wodr jEhï j, msgqmi .eí jQ WodyrKh fj<|dfuys Wkak;sfhys ne£u iy f.da,Sh fj<| is;shu u;

uehs - cQks 2016

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Wreuh

EUROPE MED

ITER

RAN

EAN

SEA

PERSIA

CHINA

EGYPT ARABIA

INDIA

SOMALIA

INDIAN OCEAN

Land routes are red and water routes are blue

wdÈ fj<| .uka ud¾.h" fiao udj;" ngysßka Ökh iuÕ iïnkaOh

l=¿nvq .ukau. kej; h:d ;;ajhg m;alsÍu fmßhd¾ føda‚fhaa myr §fï§ fuu odhdoh nj fmfkkakg ;sfí' wysñ ù N+o¾Yk mßKdukh N+p,k W;af;að; wdÈ ñhqisßia jrdh l=¿nvq ms<sn| l;dkaor c,.e,aulg bv yeÍ" uqrKavq nj ñY%s; ixlS¾K ñY%Kh fidaod yeß‚' mjihs l=¿nvq mshuÕ pdßldj iy fj<|du ms<sn| l;kaor mjihs' ft;sydisl isÿùï" ixialD;Ska" ñksiqka" NdKav iy mqrdúoHd;aul ñhqisßiays iïNjh úYsIag;aj iuQyhlska fmdfydi;a flar,fha YS;, m%foaYhka w;S;hla l;dkaor u.ska Yla;su;a ùug iy u;= jQ ñhqisßia jrdh fj<| ksfla;khlg .ïñßia" úia;r lrhs' m% i s o a O l= ¿ nvq Wmdh iïnkaO ;;a;ajhg tkaid,a" iy ly i|yd .uka u. i|yd mßmQ¾K lafIauia:dkhla f,i wh úh hq;= iy r;= uqyqo yryd moku msysgqjd fiajh lrhs' ngysrg wdikak" ñhqisßia we; fj<|dfuys l,n, iys; ngysrg iómfha" wreu uqyqÿ uOHia:dkhlska u;= ù bkaÈhdj iev myr iy ksß;È. iq<x Èf.a" id.r yryd m%jdykh jk fõ.h jeä fõ' iy wfkl=;a rgj,a w;r" m%isoaO l=¿nvq .ukau.g moku msysgqjñka m%jdykh fõ' fï r;= uqyqfoa isg hd;%d lrk keõ miq;,hla yria N+f.da,Sh iy yria ixialD;sl iud.ï ñhqisßia fj; Èk 40la ;=< <Õd úh yelsnj úYajdi flf¾' we;a; jYfhkau" l=¿nvq tlaj fmdfydi;a w;S;hla úhk ,oafoa" ksfla;khla f,i flar, .fõIKh mD;=.Sis bkaÈhdfõ isg f.da,Sh is;shu u;g m%jdykh l<" leghï l< ux., odhdohls' wjdikdjg" .fõIl jiaflda o .dud úiska isÿ lrk ,§'

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Map not to scale

JAVA

fuf,i" b,a¨‍u iemhqu fn§u uqyqÿ jrdh l=¿nvq ¥;hd" idka; f;dauiaf.a meñŒu Y%e;s u.ska .uka u. i|yd moku jQ uqo,a uOHia:dkhlg fy,s lrk wIsfldaâ ys c,dY bkaÈhdj ;=<g mßKdñ;h' ñhqisßia úiska Tjqkaf.a w;HdjYH l%sia;shdks wd.fuys wdl%uKfha ;kqj jdokh l=¿ nvq fldgia rgj,a 30lg jvd imhkq ,efí' lrhs' wfkla w;g" fnruka cqud uqia,sï ixialD;Ska l,jula b;d n,j;a wêrdcHhkaf.a m,a,sh" bkamiq md,lhd fldvqka.,aƾ" fnruka ke.Su iy neiSu i|yd ñhqisßiays fmreud,a u.ska fidhd.;a fuu fjr< Èf.a mshjr ilia lsÍu N+ñ u; bÈßm;a lrk m<uq w;S; ld, j, u;= ù fmKqks' uqia,sï hd;sldjkag .dhkd lrhs' fuj,ï ;=< iudka;rj" iïuq;s Yd,dj, fmr jir hka;ñka ne,Su ixialD;sh" ñksiqka" ;dkdhïlrejka fj,slemâia úYajdihka iy 2007 § wdrïN l< mÜghdkï w;r;=r fldvqka.,aƾ n.j;S ðú;fha úúO;ajh leŒï j, fldgila f,i ydrd úydrfha wism;a .;a ;eô,s oelsh yelsh we;s fuu w;S; ld, j, isg ta ye|.;a ñksiqka iy .eyeKqka msgqmi b;sß ù we;s fuj,ï ;=< flfiao h;a hqfoõ w;S;fha ixialD;sh" ñksiqka" úYajdihka iy ðú;fha wjYsIaghka fhdackd lrhs' úúO;ajh oelsh yelsh' ixlS¾K j<ka nvq"

w,xldr ùÿre mn¿" f,day nvq" we;ao< iy ke;s jQ N+ñfha kj;u o¾Ykh ue‚la j,ska fmdfydi;a w;S;hla fy<s lrhs' flar,fha mÜgkï Èia;%slal j, ñhqisßia ys fcrei,fï isg meñK m<uq m,a,sh msysg jQ O¾u wdÈ jrdhka wo fidhd.; yel' mrdjQ¾ ys

my< jfï isg olaIsKdj¾;j ( ,Sfhka ;ekQ Wvq úhka we|la" mrdjQ¾ iïuq;s Yd,dfõ wNHka;rh" flar, hqfoõ ft;sydisl fl!;=ld.drh iy Ök l,ia j, ndysr

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Wreuh

bkaÈhka ckdêm;s wdpd¾h m%kdí uql¾ð flar, m%Odk weu;s ´uka pkaÈ iuÕ iy ñhqisßia Wreu jHdmD;sfhys iudrïNfhys wfkl=;a Wiia moú orkakka

iïuq;s Yd,dj iaudrl iy fl!;=ld.dr úYd, fldÜgmqrï fjf<|fmd< - f.d;=re;a msßilg oajdrhhs' -me,shï - fldÜghs,a fldaú,fldï: fldÜgmqrï ixpdrl mßm: fydma Tka fydma ´*a fndaÜgq fj<|fmdf<ys isg" f.d;=re;a j,g fcáhla fiajdjla u; .fõIKh l< yel' u.ska <Õd úh yelsh' ixpdrlhkag m,a,sh wd.ka;l = uOHia:dkh- fldÜgmqrï n,fldgqj- ne,Sug iy mD;=.Sis ú,difhka ,;ska l%sia;shdks fldÜgmqrï fjf<|fmd<-wIsfldaâ Ydia;%Sh l,d wvx.=" pú;a;= u¾f;daud m,a,h s : ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ kdolïys l,d l%shdldÍ;ajh ork bia,dï iïNjh biau;= lr fmkajk l%shdldÍ uOHia:dkh foig uq,a fydma Tka fydma ´*a fndaÜgq wd.ka;l = uOHia:dkh fnruka msßh yel' me,shï" w.ue;sjrekaf.a fia j h l= ¿ nvq cqud uqi, a ï s m,a,h s iy bia,dï m%:u ksjik f.h fldÑ ys fjf<|dfuys b;sydi fl!;=ld.drhg ksjyk rcjrekag" wo flar, b;sydi iaj¾Kuh hq.h imhhs' N.j;S úydrh iy g%l s a fl!;=ld.drh iy flar, Ôjk yryd hd;%d l=,fialrmqrï Y%S l%I s K a d úydrh ú,di fl!;=ld.drh ksjyka ù lsÍug Tng bv wdikak yskÿa wd.u iuÕ ñY% we;' fldÜghs,a fldaú,fldï hkq i,id fohs jk fuu w;aoelSu w;a ú¢kak' wdikakfha mkai,la" m,a,shla iy ó<Õ kej;=u mD;=.i S s iïNjfhys uqia,sï foajia:dkhla idlaIs ork fldÜgmqrï n,fldgqfõ kgUqkh a ' fldÜgmqrï wd.ñl iyfhda.s;djfhys ikaêia:dkhls' fjf<|fmd< fldaÑ rcq úiska msyg s jQ mer‚;u mrdjQ¾ wd.ka;=l uOHia:dkh- ifydaorka fjf<|fmd< is;h s yel' oeka tys fldÜgmqrï whshmamka- ukacqud;d m,a,sh- wIsfldaâ BÜ ùÈh iy idka; ñfp,ays m,a,h s wdikakfhys ud¾f;daud m,a,sh: mrdjQ¾ hqfoõ iïuq;s Yd,dj msyg s d ;sfnk kj;u uQ¾;shla ;sfí' fuys isg" ne,Sfuka miqj" ixpdrlhkag ifydaorka ixpdrlhka wIsfldaâ ud¾f;daud m,a,h s fj; whshmamka fl!;=ld.drh" fÄrhs fl!;=ld.drh heúh yelsh' iy ukacqud;d m,a,sh .fõIKh l< yel'

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ñhqisßia Wreu l,dmfhys fl!;=ld.dr wdÈ ñhqisßia jrdh ñhqisßia Wreu jHdmD;sh yryd ixrlaIKh iy wdrlaId fjñka mj;S' thg w;sf¾lj jir 2000la muK flar, b;sydifha ñksuqkag wOHdmkh ,nd §ug wruqKq jQ fl!;=ld.dr 21ls

wjidk Nd.fha iudc m%;sixialdrl ifydaorka whshmamka iy mrjQ¾ ihskf.da.a

flar, hqfoõ ft;sydisl fl!;=ld.drh ^mrjQ¾ ihskf.da.a& fuys flar,fha isák hqfoõjkaf.a bÈydih ms<sn| ;jÿrg;a fidhkak'

fpruka fmreud,a fl!;=ld.drh iy l%shdldrlï uOHia:dkh flar,fha b;sydih" ixialD;sl Wreuh" isß;a iy ft;sydisl ixj¾Okh ms<sn| fmkajhs'

flar, ft;sydisl fl!;=ld.drh ^me,shï ud,s.dj$fldaú,fldï& 1663§ me,sh;a wpdkag bÕshla f,i mD;=.SiSka hg;a lr .ekSug Tjqkag iyh ùu i|yd ,kafoaiSka úiska f.dvk.k ,§'

flar,fha l%sia;shdks wd.u yd iïnkaO fl!;=ld.drh l%sia;shdkqjkaf.a is;a.kakd iïm%odhhka iy b;sydih m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

flar, Ôjk rgd fl!;=ld.drh ^me,shï k¨‍flÜgq& fuu wdlD;sh 1786§ me,shï ys .eyeKqka iy wvq jhia msßñ <uqka i|yd f.dvk.k,oaols' flar, hqfoõ Ôjk rgd fl!;=ld.drh flar,fha hqfoõ isß;a" .eyeKqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh iy ;j;a oE m%o¾Ykh lrhs' ifydaorka whshmamka fl!;=ld.drh flar,fha iudÔh m%;sixialdrl- Ñka;l ifydaorka whshmamkaf.a Ôú;h iy ld, jljdkq biau;= lr fmkajhs' flaidÍ nd,l%sIaKd fl!;=ld.drh lS¾;su;a m;% l,dfõ§ flaiÍ nd,l%sIaKd ms,a,dhsf.a mer‚ ksji fl!;=ld.drhla njg fjkia lr we;' cd;sl ixp,k wíÿ,a ryqudka fl!;=ld.drh lS¾;su;a iajdëk igkalre fudfyduâ wíÿ,a ryqudkaf.a lemlsÍï iy ch.%yKhkag f.!rj oelaùu flar, bia,dóh b;sydi fl!;=ld.drh fm< iy Y%jH oDYH WmlrK yryd bia,dóh mïm%odhhka m%o¾Ykh lrhs' fldÜgmqrï fldgqj fl!;=ld.drh mD;=.Sis iy ,kafoais wdl%uKhka" b;sydih iy n,fldgqfjys .Dyks¾udK Ys,amh fukau tys leŒï iy ixrlaIKh ms<sn| l:d wkdjrKh lrhs' flar, fjr<dikak fl!;=ld.drh flar, iy úfoaY rgj,a w;r uqyqÿnv fjf<|dug ms<s.ekajQjls'

l%sia;shka wd.ñl l,d fl!;=ld.drh l%sia;shdks wd.ñl l,d iy iïm%odhhka fmkajhs' yuqod fl!;=ld.drh fkdfhla rdcOdks j, fid,aodÿjkaf.a iduQysl b;sydih fmkajhs' w;a hka;% ms<sn| fl!;=ld.drh" fpkaoux.,ï frÈms<s j," ksuejqï l%shdj,sh iy w;ahka;% ksIamdok j, b;sydih m%o¾Ykh lrhs' c,c Ôù fl!;=ld.drh wka;¾ l%shdldÍ mßir wOHdmkh iy m¾fhaIK i|yd" wOHdmksl wdh;k" mßir iudcYd,d iy fidndoï Woafhda.Ska i|yd ëjr lghq;= fl!;=ld.drh" f.d;=re;= m%o¾Yk wjldYh iajfoaYSh uiqka we,a,Sfï b;sydih" úúO wdldrfha fndaÜgq iy úúO uiqka we,a,Sfï l%u úia;r lrhs' fldyq fl!;=ld.drh fldyq j, b;sydih" tys ieliSfï wÈhr iy wjidk M,hka wjOdrKh lrhs' flar, idys;H fl!;=ld.drh uydNdr; ùrldjHh mßj¾;kh l< ñksid" úYsIag Ydia;%Or l=kays,al=gka ;dïmqrïf.a wkqiaurKfhka bÈlr we;' flaIj foaõ fl!;=ld.drh kjl:dlre iudc m%;sixialdrl mS flaYj ms,a,dhsf.a Ôú;h iy l¾udka; m%o¾Ykh lrhs' mÜgkï leŒï N+ñ fl!;=ld.drh flar,fha m%:u nyq úkh leŒï ìuhs" th flar,fha fjr<nv b;sydifha m%isoaO mqrdúoHd;aul idlaIs fmkakqï lrhs'

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ixialD;sh

wÊu¾ j, o¾.d j,g we;=¿ jk w,xlD; fodrgqj

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iq*sjdoh W;al¾Ihg

kxjñka

.re lajdcd fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaá kï iq*S idka;=jrhdf.a urKh wkqiaurKh flfrk W!¾ia Wf<, i|yd ne;su;a;= rdcia;dkfha md¿ l÷ j<,af,ka jgjqKq wÊu¾ j,g tlafrdla fj;s joka | wks,a uq,apdkaoaks PdhdrEm | ÈfkaIa Y=la,d

ft;sydisl wÊu¾ k.rh iq*S jdofha ÑIaá ksldh y÷kajdfoñka bkaÈhdkq w¾Ooaùmh ;=< th msysgjQ lajdcd fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaá ^1141-1236& yd ne£ mj;S' iq*S jdoh hkq kujk iy oyjk Y;j¾I j, uq,drïN jQfhahehs úYajdi flfrk bia,dufhys tla .=ma; mej;=ï wdldrhls' m¾ishdfõ isg meñ‚ iq*S idka;=jrhl= jQ fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaá iuÕ fuu jHdmdrh we*a. ksia:dkfha isg bkaÈhdjg ixl%uKh úh' ÿmam;=ka fj; ;u f,!lsl il, iïm;u mß;Hd. lsÍfuka wk;=rej we*a.ksia:dkfhka ;u .uk werUq .ßí kjdia fyda ÿmam;=kaf.a ys;j;d f,i y÷kajkq ,enQ fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaá uOHu wdishdfõ isg nqldrd iy iu¾lkaoa olajd l< ixpdr w;r;=r úh;=kaf.ka wd.u ms<sn| oekqu ,nd.;af;ah' miqj" Tyq bkaÈhdj fj; yereKq w;r 1192 jif¾ wÊu¾ j, mÈxÑhg

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ixialD;sh

meñ‚fhah' fuys§ Tyq úYd, wkq.dñlhka msßila fnodyod .ekSfuka ks¾f,daNS meje;aula we;s ;ud jgd /ia lr.;af;ah' th fl;ru o h;a jrla lr .ekSu iy ish¨‍u wd.ï w;r iyÔjkhg fuda.,a wêrdcHhd jk wland¾ rcq mjd fuu iq*S o wd.ñl jYfhka fjkia lï j,g .relsÍu o idka;=jrhd neyeoelSug md.ukska jkaokdfõ wdÈhg úfYaI ;ekla ,nd ÿkafkah' meñ‚ nj lshfõ' 13 jk ishjfia § m%;i s : a dms; bkaÈhdfõ ÑIaá ksldhg fuu m,a,h s wland¾" fcyka.¾ s iy 13 jk ishjfia moku ks¾udKh lr ÿka lajdcd Yd cydka hk fuda.,a rcjrekaf.a ksujQ fudhskqoa§ka fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaáf.a b.ekaùï" rdcH iufha§ jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ ÑIaáf.a tkï" f,!lsl Ôú;h w;yer lr .;s' fuys m%Odk msúiqu we;af;a foajia:dkh oeóu ms<n|j" wd;au oukh iy wdÈfha jecUqKq m%dka; rdcHhla wOHd;añl fm!oa.,sl hd{d ;ka;%h" wOHd;añl jQ yhsødndoa j,ska mß;Hd. lrk ieoeyej;a úmßKduhg iqÿiqu ms<shu f,i ,o ksidï fodrgqj yrydhs' wd.ñl ixpdrlhkaf.a iud j,g iydNd.S ùu" j.d lrk wOHdmkh ,nd §u i|yd 1570 uOHia:dkhls ,o fohska fyda ish leue;af;ka jif¾§ wland¾ úiska bÈ lrk ,o mß;Hd. lrk ,o odkudk wdÈfhka wdrdì iy mßishdkq mdi,la m,a,h s muKla uQ,sl jYfhka hemSu" uqo,a iy bvlvï ;=< ;sfí' B<Õ fodrgqjg by,ska úYd, kLdrd wdÈh m%;slafIam lsÍu we;=¿ md,lhkaf.a iy ^fnr& folla ;sfnk ksid th klal¾Lk kñka wdKavqfõ wKilska ksoyia ùu" wdydr iy jia;=j y÷kajkq ,efí' ;=kj a k fodrgqj" tkï nq,kaâ

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uqyqK; msgqj( ksidï fodrgqj" nq,kaâ o¾jdid iy Ydcyks o¾jdid jeks uyd fodrgq j,ska fudhskqoa§ka ÑIaá o¾.d j,g we;=¿ úh yelshs¦ wd.ñl j;dj;l fldgila f,i kQ,la .eg.iñka isák ieoeyej;=ka¦ by<( jkaokdlrejka i|yd foajia:dkh wi, bÈjqKq lvms,a

o¾jdid fodrgqj wx.khla olajd Èjhhs' ÿ.S u.S Iß*a j,g jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñfõ' ieoeyej;a hdplhka i|yd fok mß;Hd. tl;= lsÍug l,afoarï msßi fjkqfjka úYd, lgdrï j, lS¾ iy fjk;a folla wx.kfha fodrgqj mfilska ;nd we;' riuijq¿ iQodkï lrkq ,efí' W!¾ia Wf<f,a lajdcd uy;df.a fidfydk ߧ jeglska jglr ihjeks Èkh jvd;au úfYaI iy iqN Èkhla f,i we;s w;r uqÿfka rka wdf,ams; ie,fla' pd;s Iß*a f,i y÷kajk fld;la ;sfí' ysi wdjrKh lrf.k fuu Èkfha § hd{d i|yd;a wdydr mdjyka rys;j fidfydka .eng ,nd fok ia:dkh f,dj mqrd we;=¿jk ne;su;a;= foajia:dkhg mqcd jgd;a úYd, msßi,a isák iqjyila ne;su;=ka lsÍu i|yd u,a" úfYaIfhkau frdai talrdYs fõ' wd.ñl fuu Èk ifha j,ska msÍ u,a n÷ka o pdo¾" ^wd.ñl mdG lshjñka lãïjre W!¾ia Wf<,g mdG igyka lr we;s mQcduh frÈ hd{d mj;ajk w;r tlafrdla fõ lene,a,ls& kï w,xldr f,i irik Ljd,a jre nOdjd ,o frÈ ljr wdÈh w;e;sj §¾> kñka y÷kajkq ,nk fmda,sï j,g ù isá;s' m%Yxid;aul lú .S .dhkd lr;s' uOqr ufkdayr Ljd,s ix.S;h;a iuÕ jd¾Islj fuu jd¾Isl .dhkfhka W;aijh bia,dï pkaø le,ekavrfha i;ajk udifha§ wjika jk w;r ld,;=jlal= mj;ajk fuu iq*S idka;=jrhdf.a Èk yhl fjäm%ydrhlska W;aijh iksgqyka wkqiaurK Wf<, jk W!¾ia W;aijfha§;a wÊu¾ lrkq ,efí'

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fiahd oiqka

W;a;¾ldkaoa kqjr isß ysud, l÷lrh" Y=oaO jQ k§ fm<" >k jkdka;r iy N+ úúO;aj fi!kao¾hh" W;=reÈ. m%dka;h úl%udkaú; f,da,Skaf.a isysk ksïkh njg yrjhs joka |

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wks,a uq,apdkaoaks

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uehs - cQks 2016

W;a;¾ldkaoa ys .d¾jd,a iy l=udfjdka l,dm ;=re ,sfhka" i;a;aj iïm;ska" .Dy ks¾udKfha wdYap¾hfhka" ckm%jdofhka iy mqrdjD;a; j,ska msÍ ;sfí' ol=fKa f;ardhS ys Wm ksj¾;k jkdka;r j, isg W;=f¾ ysud, wvúfha YsLr iy .a,eishr olajd" W;a;¾ ldkaoa ys l÷ .eg úl%udkaú; l%shdldrlï" W;al¾I l%Svd" iy jkÔù kerUqï ijdß i|yd úiauh Wmojk ;eka fõ" idfmalaI jYfhka W;=re bkaÈhdfõ m%Odk k.rj, isg

msúish yels W;a;¾ldkaoa ys ixj¾Okhlr we;s isisrfha § ials me§u i|yd ´,s j,g;a .sïydkfha § mr .yk ñßÈfha l%Svd i|yd ßIsflaIa j,g;a tla fjhs' fuu udi ;=< §" fndfyda .ukdka;j, l÷lr mdmeÈ" ÿIalr md .uka" YsLr;rKh" jkÔù kerUqu iy w,s i*dß" .=jka l%Svd iy mr .yK ñßÈfha Tre me§u wd§ l%shdldrlï j,g wjia:d újD; fõ' jvd;au ckm%sh úl%udkaú; l%Svd ;s;am,j,a jkafka(

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fiahd oiqka

Map not to scale

UTTARAKHAND

ßIsflaIa ys myqre me§u .eka.ia iy pkaøNd.d .x.d tl;= jk ;ek" ßIsflaIa hkq ;%sfõks >Ü jgd we;s ijia ld,fha pu;aldr .x.d wd¾;s mQcdl¾u iakdkh iy i;aldrl;ajh i|yd m%isoaO wdOHd;añl l%shdldrlï j,ska hq;a Od¾ñl ia:dkhls' IsjmQß" ßIsflaIa ys W;=r" .eka.ia úiska úYd, .,amr Wäka Wv N+ñfha isg my< ;eks;,djg fõ.fhka my,g jeà fõ.fhka .,d hk .x.djla njg yefrk o¾YkSh l|jqre ìuls' iema;eïn¾ iy uehs w;r" IsjmQß wdikakfhys ievmyfrys isÿjk iuyr jeäùï " úúO ;rd;srfï wmyiq;d iuÕ wmQre Yafõ; Èh myqre wjia:d i,id fohs' wdOqkslhka i|yd" myqre ieish wdrïN jkafka yn, r|jd .kafka flfiao" myqfrys wdrlaIdldÍj ll=, wdOdr lr.kafka flfiao" ievmyr iy .,amr fj; ,Õd ùfï§ wk;=re weÕùug uÕfmkajkakd mjik wK§ï iy ievmyfrys § we, l< hQ;af;a iy yn,a .E hq;af;a l=uk wjia:dfõ§ h hkak ksrEmKhla iuÕ mdvula iuÕsks' nrm;, myqre WfoHda.Ska i|yd" Èk foll fyda ;=kl Yafõ; Èh ixpdrl m%foaY l|jqre kej;Sï iy;sl l< m%ùKhka u.ska l%shd;aul flf¾' m%isoaO myqre ixpdrl m%foaYh wdrïN jkafka ljqÈhd, ys§ h Bg IsjmQß iy n%yaumQß o we;=<;ah'

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uehs - cQks 2016

;reK ixpdrlhka iqÿ Èh myqßka hEfï ;%dih w;aolshs

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fiahd oiqka

.¾jd,a ys§ ÿIalr md .uk

kkaod foaú l÷ j, ysfuka jeiqKq uqÿka j, IsjmQß isg" ud¾.h Èj hkafka W;=f¾ isg l÷ ukyr oiqka" W;a;¾lkaoa ys WÉp;uh" jeõ" ke.Sfï fkare wdh;kh msysá W;a;¾ldYs fj;h' Èh we,s iy ;Kìï i|yd m%isoaOh'fyïl=kaoa W;a;¾ldYs isg wdis .Õ yryd fvdâ ;d,a jej idysíf.a isla isoaOia:dkh iy ukyr cd;sl olajd mhska iy foajodr le<E" l=re,a,ka keröu mqIam WoHdk ksïkh fj; ÿIalr È.= .uk i|yd mßmQ¾K ia:dk yryd jegqKq m%isoaO È.= wdrïN jkafka fcdaIsu;ays kef.kysr" .ka.dßhd .ukls' W;a;¾ldYs isg ol=Kg ys§h' ;j;a WoaNso mdrd§ihla jk" f.daúkaoa jkÔù wNhN+ñh ys yd¾ we;af;a foaõ N+ñ hkq nøskd;a" l¾ika fg%,a lS ÿka ksïk ÿIalr .uk ksïkhg flao¾kd;a" .xf.da;%s iy huqfkda;%s ysfuka jeiqKq mhska .ukls' wvx.= m%Odk jkaokd ixpdrl kka o d foa ú m%foaYhls' .xf.da;%s isg .jquqla l÷ uqÿka j, l=udTka ys ÿIalr olajd lsf,daóg¾ 26 ..eka.iays ukyr oiqka .a,eishr m%Nj" .a,eishr myq lr md .uk i,id fohs hk iy N.srdj;S yd Ysj,ska.a l÷ .¾jd,a fuka" l=udTka myiqfjka ,Õdúh yels ixêia:dk fj; È.= uqÿka úYd,j fmfkk ;fmdajk iy kkaodjk ;Kìï we;=<;a fõ' l¾ika fg%,a .uka i,id fohs' f,i ye¢kafjk" ljqß mdia g%fla" ´,s fyda mskaodÍ .a,eish¾ g%fla ndOd fkdjq N+o¾Yk yryd hk iy kkaod foaú uqÿka j, úYsIag oiqka >Ü isg wdrïN ù" kkaod foaú wNhN+ñfhys i,id fok ukialdka;u ud¾.hhs' f,dayd¾lÜ msg; m%foaY woaor we;s w;r ljqß mdiays óg¾ 3640g by< Wig Èfõ' th hk ud¾.fha we;s isg mshuÕ Odl+ß mdia yryd miq lr hk w;r

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mqIam cd;sl WoHdk ksïkfhys j¾K iy iqj| le/,a, w;f¾ È.= ÿIalr .uk¦ ^uqyqK; msgqj& fyda ysud,fha m%ikak jika;fha Èkl w,xldr mshuÕl kÕskak

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fiahd oiqka

uqÿ‍fka isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( mekaf.dÜ ys l¿ ysie;s fÊ flfkla¦ i*dß Ôma r:fhys isák ixpdrlhka ðï fld¾nÜ cd;sl WoHdkh jkh yryd hhs¦ fyïl=kaoa idysíys msysá fyïl=kaoa jej iy ðï flda¾nÜ jkfhys we;d

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uehs - cQks 2016

fndfyda ckY+kH fkdhs÷,a msáir fmfoila jQ Ldá .ïudkh fj; kej; werfò' fï È.= .ufka§ Tng ol=‚ka lsf,daóg¾ 3la muK flá ÿrlska jefgk .a,eishr fj; <Õd ùug fmr Èk yhla .;fõ' moku f,i uqkaishdß iuÕ" ñ,dï .a,eishr fj; Èk wgl wNsfhda.d;aul È.= .ukls'

fldanÜys i*dß .¾jd,a ys kef.kysßka" ðï flda¾nÜf.a ,shú,s j,ska m%isoaO jQ l=udTka m%dka;hhs' th

ì%;dkH bkaÈhdkq ovhlaldrhd iy yUdhkakd ixrlaIlfhla" f,aLlfhla iy iajNdjjdÈfhla njg m;aùfuka miq kï l< bkaÈhdfõ mer‚;u jHd>% rlaIs;hhs' ðï fld¾nÜ cd;sl WoHdkh uqyqÿ uÜgug by< óg¾ 400 isg 1200l mq¿,a m%foaYhla wdjrKh lrhs' m%Odk jHd>% jdiia:dkh i,a .ia j,ska msreKq jkdka;rhhs iy Tng i*dß i|yd w,sfhla fyda Ôma r:hla f;dard .; yelsh' jHd>%fhla oelSug fyd|u fõ,dj jk wdjrKh .Klñka wvq iy úYd, n<¨‍ka j;=r fidhd hk wm%sfh,a ueo iy cqks

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fiahd oiqka

uqÿ‍fka isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( ysud,hdkq l÷jeáfha we;s È.= wudre .uka l|jqrla¦ ðï flda¾nÜ cd;sl WoHdkfhys isák jHd>%fhla¦ ðï flda¾nÜys j;=r j,la wdikakfha Ö;,a uqjka

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ueo w;rh' flda¾ia kï me;,s újD; ;Kìu f.dakqka" ;s;a uqjka iy i¨‍ uqjka i|yd ;Kìï m%foaY njg m;a ù we;' .%SIau iD;=fõ§" fï flda¾ia ys§ j,a w,s úYd, rxpq /iafjhs' rdï.x.d .Õ iy tys w;=.x.djka úiska .%SIaufha§ c,h fidhñka msg;g meñfKk jkÔùka .fõIKhg wmßñ; wjia:djka ,nd foa' Èhn,a,ka" lsUq,ka iy Èhiejq,ka .x.d j,§ iy rdï.x.d c,dYh iómfha§ oelsh yel'

khsksgd,a we;=,; iy jgd fidndoyï pdßld flda¾nÜ ys kef.kysrg jkakg" kdksgd,a ys l÷lr kej;=u iy tys wdikak N+ñhka tu l÷lr jkdkakr ;=< isß krUñka weú§ug b;du;a WÑ;h' khsksgd,a isg lsf,daóg¾ 15la jgd" mekaf.dÜ" ls,anß wdikakfha iy fndfyda l÷lr l=re,a,ka oelsh yels l=re¿ krUkakkaf.a mdrd§ihls' i;a;d,a hkq ;j;a l=re,a,ka keröug iqÿiq m%foaYhls' khsksgdma wdikakfha we;s kjql=Ñhdgd,a merd.a,hsäka i|yd iqÿiqh'

l%Svd ms‚i ud¿ we,a,Su W;a;rlkaoa w,a,k úg fndfyda igka jÈk fndfyda fokdg m%sh jQ udyaiS¾ igka ud¿jd fidhñka ysud,hka .x.djkag meñfKk ì,SnEug reÑhka wdl¾YKh lr.ekSuo isÿ lrhs' mkafÉIaj¾ hkq W;a;rlkaoa ys ld,s iy i¾hq .x.d j, uyaiS¾ ud¿ we,a,Su i|yd m%Odk ia:dkhls'

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bjqï msyqï

kejqï Ndjh

okjk iqj|

bkaÈhdkq rihka iu.ska isis,a l, jika; mdkfhka Tfí ridxl=r wjÈlr msmdih ksjd.kak

;kaodhs lsß mdkh ms<sfh< lsÍfï ld,h( úkdä 15 fmÕùfï ld,h( meh 5-6 ms<s.ekaùu 4 fofkl=g wjYH øjH iSks .a‍' 125" j;=r fldamam 3" f,,s .id ;,d.;a wdukaâ 20" iqÿre fïi ye¢ 1 ^fi!ka*a&" frdai fm;s 5-6" .ïñßia 5-6" flduvq weg fïi ye¢ 2 ^ud.dia&" lrouqx.= 3-4" l=xl=u fl¢ lsysmhla" lsß fldamam 2½ idok l%uh iSks yd j;=r fldamam 1-½ idiamdkg oud isrma tlla iod .kak¦ th isis,a lr ;nkak' b;sß j;=r n÷klg oud wdukaâ" iqÿre" frdai fm;s" .ïñßia" flduvq weg" lrouqx.= yd l=xl=u tl;=lr meh 5 isg 6 fmf`.kakg yer¦ .%hskavrhlg oud ishqï jk;=re .%hskaâ lr.kak' wdukaâ ñY%Kh fcda.=jlg udre lr" isrma yd lsß tl;= lr fyd¢ka ñY% lrkak' isis,a lr.;a ;kaÈ Wi ùÿre j, ms<s.kajkak

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uehs - cQks 2016

flaiÍ ÿï lS ìßhdks ms<sfh< lsÍfï ld,h( úkdä 25 msiSfï ld,h( meh 1 úkdä 10 ms<s.ekaùu 6 fofkl=g wjYH øjH l=l=,a w~q 12" úkdä 30 fmdÕjd.;a ndiau;s yd,a .a' 700" l=xl=u fïi ye¢ 1" uo riakh lsß fldamam 1/2" .id .;a fhda.Ü .a 250" foys hqI fïi ye¢ 3" fld;a;u,a,s fld< fïi ye¢ 3" ñkaÜ fld< fïi ye¢ 3" .sf;,a fïi ye¢ 3" l¿ ÿre weg fïi ye¢ 1 ^Id Ôrd&" lrouqx.= 8" lrdnqkeá 6" l=re÷ 2˜" fí fld< 3" ueo m%udK ÆKq fm;s 3" iqÿ ¨‍Kq-bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ fïi ye£ 2" ¨‍kq fïi ye£ 1" r;= ñßia l=vq fïi ye£ 1" kÜfu.a msá fïi ye£ 1/2" ¨‍kq ri muKg idok l%uh Ndckhlg l=xl=u oud" lsß tl;= lr úkdä 15 fmf`.kakg yßkak¦ fhda.Ü nd.hla oud ye¢ .dkak" foys hqI" ñkaÜ fld<¦ mfilska ;nd.kak' idiamdk .sf;,a oud r;a lr l¨‍ ÿre nd.hla" fld;a;u,a,s fld<" lrdnqkeá"

lrouqx.=" l=re÷ yd fí fld< iu. ÆKq tl;= lr moï jk;=re rkajka mdg f;la f;ïmrdÿ lr.kak neo f.k" iqÿ ¨‍Kq-bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ oud ¨‍kq" r;= ñßia l=vq kÜfu.a msá iu.ska l,jï lr l=l=,a uiao tl;=lr úkdä 5 la muK moï fjkakg yßkak¦ uÈka uo c,h bisñka l=l=,a uia fyd¢ka ÿUqre meye jk ;=re neo f.k b;=re fhda.Ü tl;=lr Ndckh jid l=l=,a uia ;eïfnk ;=re úkdä 10 muK msi mfilska ;nkak' f,dl= idiamdklg c,h oud kgjd .k b;sß l¿ ÿre" lrdnqkeá " lrouqx.=" l=re÷" fí fld<" yd,a iu. ÆKq tl;= lr y;frka ;=kla muk bfok ;=re msif.k fyd¢ka fmrd .kak' msisk n÷kl l=l=,a uia fldgila wiqrd ^fyda idiamdkl fyda yekaä msisk W÷kla&" ta u; ;=fkka tl fldgila l=xl=u yd fhda.Ü ñY%kh Wäka w;=rd" n;a j,ska Nd.hla oud wdjrKh lrkak' fuh kej; ;Ügq f,i w;=rd we¨‍ñkshï f*dhs,a tllska ;Èka jid fyda mshfkka jid" 180 fi,aishia uÜgfï § úkdä 15 isg 20 l,ska r;a lr.;a W÷kl fyda ,sm ;nd fyda n;a fyd¢ka bfok ;=re msi .kak

wkq.%yh( b;d m%Œ; rihka( wdydr " Wiia ;;ajfha f;a" u;ameka ñY% m<;=re mdk" bjqï msyqï wdY%s; fmd;a fm< f.k tkqfha kjÈ,a,sfha úfoaY lghq;= ^wud;HxYfha& jks;d ix.uhhs'

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ixjdoh

ud lsis Èfkl uqo,a

miqmi yUd f.dia keye

l;la ksmqK mKaä;a ì¾cq uydrdÊ ;u k¾;k Ydia;%h yd kdgH ksid úYaj lS¾;shg m;aù isà' joka( pkaøhS fN!ñla

,lakõ ys l,ald- ìkaoÈka >rK ksmqKfhla jk mKaä;a ì¾cq uydrdÊ mqrdjD;a;hla n÷ jQ l;la k¾;k Ys,amsfhls' úÑ;%j;a jQ k¾;k .=rejrekaf.a mjq,l Wm; ,enQ Tyq ;u mshd jk mKaä;a wÉydka uydrdÊ fj;ska k¾;k l,dj W.;af;ah' wo jk úg f,dj mqrd m%p,s; fu;=ud W;=re bka§h iïNdjH k¾;kfha úYsIag;u pß;hkaf.ka flfkls' vv%d isg ;=ïß olajd;a Ncka isg .i,a olajd;a me;sfrk iïNdjH ix.S;fha ish¿u Idkrhka fyd¢ka .%yKh lr.;a;d jQ yd ksmqK;ajh orkakdjQ nyqY%e; ì¾cq uydrdÊ" m<uqj fõÈldjg mh ;nkqfha i;a úhe;s orefjl=j isáh§h' t;eka mgka jßka jr kej; kej;;a Tyq ;u k¾;khkaf.ka f,dj jiÕhg m;a lrñka isà' Tyqf.a olaI;djh i|yd iSud udhsï fkdue;s w;r ixfõ§ lúfhl= f,i yd fma%laIlhka we| ne| .kakd lÓlfhl= f,i Tyq ckm%sh;ajhg m;aj isà' i;H jYfhkau fu;=ud l;la lafIa;%h ;=< mqkreohla iksgqyka lr we;s w;r wo jk úg l;la k¾;k Ys,amSyqa ish¿ fokdu mdfya Tyqf.a m%Ndfjka wkqm%dKh ,oafoda fj;s'

Wreuh ì%Êfudayka ñY%d f,i ls¾;su;a l;la Ys,amsfhl=g odj Wm; ,o ì¾cq uydrdÊf.a ld,fhka jeä fldgila f.jqfKa Tyqf.a mshdf.a l,d;aul b.ekaùï Wlyd .ekSu i|ydh'

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uehs - cQks 2016

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ixjdoh

mKaä;a ì¾cq uydrdÊ' bka§h ks<s uOqß älais;a yd YsIHhkag ^my<& yg k¾;k p,khka W.kajñka

mKaä;a ,Épq uydrdÊ yd mKaä;a Iïnq uyrdÊ kï Tyqf.a ududjreka fj;ska Tyqf.a Ôú;hg ,enqKq odhl;ajh w;s uy;a h' l;la k¾;kfha ishqï ,laIK Tyqg b.ekajQfha Tjqka h' 1947 § ì¾cq uydrdÊ yg ;u mshd wysñ jQ neúka Tyq ;u uj iu. fndïndhg ^oeka uqïndh& meñ‚fhah' jhi wjqreÿ 13 § È,a,sfha ix.S;a Ndr;S ys b.ekaùu i|yd Tyqg wdrdOkd ,efnk w;r tjlg th b;d úYd, ch.%yKhla úh' bka miq" Ndr;Sh l,d flakaøfha b.ekajQ Tyq miqj kj È,a,sfha ix.S;a kdgla welvñfha tallhla jk l;la flakaøfha .=re uKav, m%Odkshd njg m;a úh' l;la flakaøfhka úY%du hdfuka miq t;=ud l,dY%ï kñka ;ukaf.au jQ l;la yd bka§h ,,s; l,d welvñhla wdrïN lf<ah' Tyqf.a ld¾hY+r;ajfha m%;sNdj wiSudka;sl jk w;r ix.S;{fhl=" ix.S; ks¾udmlfhl=" iud>d; jdolfhl=" .=rejrfhl=" lúfhl=" Ñ;% Ys,amsfhl= yd wOHlaIjrhl= f,i Tyqf.a yelshdj wiuiu fõ' 1977 Ñ;%mghla jk Ydg%kaÊ fl ls,dä i|yd id¾:l;ajfha jl%h Tyq ks¾udKh l< iïNdjH k¾;k fm<yr oajhh l;la k¾;kfha m%ùK fu;=ud" lS¾;su;a moau Tyqf.a ks¾udKYS,s;ajh úoyd oelajQ tla wjia:djls' úN+Ika iïudkh" ix.S;a kdgla welvñ iïudkh" mLjdÊ" ;í,d" fvd,ela yd kd,a jeks iud>d; ld,sodia iïudkh" hdYa Ndr;S" wkaød r;ak" kaß;H ix.S; NdKav fukau ifrdaoa" jh,Skh" ngk,dj pQvduŒ" fidaúhÜ foaYfha fkare iïudkh" yd is;drh jeks ;;a NdKav jdokh i|ydo jk fvisfldaÜgï" fkgdÔ iïudkh hkdÈfhka msÿï Tyqf.a yelshdj ;=<ska Tyq by< ,nd we;' úúO Wmdëka m%odkh ;=<ska ;,hl jecfò' Tyqf.a l,d;aul m%;sNdj we.hSulg fuu k¾;k ixialD;sluh f,i Wiia mßirhl ,la lr ;sfí' nkria yskaÿ úYaj .=rejrhd ye§ jeãu ms<sn|j fufkys lrk úoHd,h" Lhsryd¾ya úYajúoHd,h" yg iud>d; t;=ud fufia mjihs" zzuu mer‚ ld,h rîkaø Ndr;S úYaj úoHd,h" l,algd ix.S; NdKav jf.au w¿;a ld,h;a oel ;sfnkjd' úYaj úoHd,h hkdÈfhka msßkeuqKq fukau ;;a NdKavo jdokh uu úYajdi lrk wdldrhg l;la hkq f.!rj D Litt Wmdêho m%xYh úiska ls Í fï iyc ñksiqka u; Okd;aulj n,mEï we;s m%odkh flreKq Ordre des Arts et des olaI;djhla we; lrk k¾;k l%uhla' fuu k¾;kh Lettres o ta w;r fjhs' ;=< wmf.a tÈfkod Ôú;h ;=< ne£ lKavdhï ks¾udK i|yd mqfrda. mj;sk ffki¾.sl wNsryila mj;skjd' fuu dó jQ .=rejreka w;r fu;=ud m%Odk ;ekla .kakd k¾;kfha ;dlaI‚l lreKq jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd w;r tal, wdlD;sh j¾;udk k¾;k kdgH yd muKla Wkkaÿjla oelajQ neúka uu fï ms<sn|j mqrdfKdala;s" ft;sydisl yd iudc úIhhka yd l<ska is;=fõ keye" kuq;a ld,h;a iu. w;= ßls,s iïnkaO iudcuh f;audjka fj; mq¿,a lsÍu fi,fjk wdldrfha mjd p,khka ud olskjd' ˜‍ ms<sn|j w;ayod ne,Sï isÿ lf<ah' Tyqf.a ckm%sh

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uehs - cQks 2016

wE; jï mi( mKaä;a ;=ud k¾;k mx;shla yd k¾;k m%ix.hla w;r;=r§

l,dlD;Skaf.ka iuyrla f,i l%sIaKdhka" l:d idß hk .S;hka i|yd k¾;k ks¾udKh l< Tyq r>qkd;a lS" Idka t jdoa" l=ud¾ iïfNa" rEmau;s uE;l§ nðrd´ uia;dks Ñ;%mgfha fudafya rdx.a ndiany¥¾" fydaß OQï ufpda Í" ,h mßl%u" foda ,d,a i|ydo k¾;k ks¾udKh lrkq ,eîh' kaßÜgd fla,s" ,S,x.sld" kdoa .=kacka yd f,dayd ;u fnd,sjqâ w;aoelSu ms<sn|j woyia olajk oelaúh yelsh' ì¾cq uydrdÊ k¾;k LKav ;=< Tyq fufia mjihs ˜‍th ;sr máh yd i;H Ôú;h ixLHd;aul úkHdihka Y%jHuh Ndjfhka Ndú;d w;r ukd in|;djla úoyd mdkj' ñks;a;= ;=kl lsÍuo m%p,s; lf<ah' k¾;k fm<yrla má.; lsÍsu w|yd mKaä;a ;=ud fnd,sjqvhgo ;u i;s fylla muK ld,hla .; fnd,sjqâ yelshdjka oekSug ie,eiajQfõh' fjkjd' bka tll§ uqyqfKa ióm rEm k¾;k ms<sn|j bka§h Ñ;%mg ;=< k¾;khg ,enqKq .kakd w;r wfkla má.; lsÍul§ Tyq m<uqj ia:dkh ms<sn|j Tyq uq,§ uqksj; / uqyqfKa b;d l=vd yeÕSulau má.; ksy~;djhlska lalo" oeka Tyq ;u iïNdjHh;ajh lrkq ,nkjd'˜‍ miq jqjo oeka Tyq i;=áka ta wdrlaId flfrk wjia:djkays§ j¾;udkfha§ ì¾cq uydrdÊ" i|yd odhl i;=áka ta yd iïnkaO fjhs' l,dY%ï ys YsIHhka 600- 700 lg fjhs national daily iu. isÿ l< iïuqL muK k¾;kh b.ekaùu lrkq ,nk idlÉPdfõ§ Tyq fufia mejiqfõh w;r l;la yd ta wdY%s; lafIa;%hka ˜‍ókd l=udß yd ffjchka;s ud,d b;d olaI jQjka' ;=< mqyqKq lsÍï lsÍu ms<sn|j Tyq w;suy;a f,i bkamiq we;af;kau uOqß älais;a tys m<uqjekakd i;=gg m;a fjhs' ˜‍uu f.jkafka b;du w,afmaÉP jQjd' ˜‍ foaõodia Ñ;%mgfha ldfya Éfyaâ fudafya" Ôú;hla' uu idOlajrfhl= ^ne;suf;la& ksid ud .vd¾ Ñ;%mgfha wdka ñf,da iÊkd" úYajrEmï lsisod uqo,a miqmi yUd f.dia fyda yUd hkafka ys Wkakdhs ldkdvq kdka" fvoa bIalshdys c.dfõ fyda keye"˜‍ Tyq mjihs'

uehs - cQks 2016

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jHdmdr ikaksfõolhkaf.a ixúOdkh úiska úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha m%Odk;u iÕrdjg iïudk ;%s;ajhla m%odkh lrkq ,eì‚

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha (MEA) m%Odk;u lafIa;%hka ;=< jk ,sms m, lrkakd jQ iÕrdjls' iÕrdj jk bka§h o¾Yk fj;" bka§h jHdmdr —bka§h NdId m%ldYkhkaZ j¾.h ;=< f.!rj ikaksfõolhkaf.a ixúOdkh (ABCI) úiska iïudk rka iïudkho" zúfYaIdx. ^NdId&Z wxYh ;=< ߧ ;%s;ajhla mqo flfrkq ,eì‚' tu iïudkho zkj m%ldYkZ wxYh ;=< ixúOdkh úiska fndïndfha m%isvkais f,dalv iïudkho iÕrdj úiska 55 fjks jd¾Isl f¾äfhda la,í ys§ 2016 ud¾;= 18 Èkd.kq ,eì‚' fuh NdId 16 lska iïudk m%odk fjks Èk ixúOdkh flreKq 55 fjks uqøKh fjk w;r rgj,a 170 la Wf<f,a§ jd¾Isl iïudk Wf<f,a§ iÕrdj fj; bka§hdfõ uyÕ=‍ ixialD;sh iÕrdjg fufia fufia f.!rjhg m;a flfrk ,§' yd iïm%odh ms<sn| rij;a f;dr;=re f.!rj m%Kduh jHdmdr ikaksfõokfha úYsIag;ajh f.k hkq ,nhs' m%odkh lrk ,§ m%j¾Okh lrkq ,nk ABCI ;u 55 iÕrdj MaXposure Media Group fjks jir w;s uy;a W;al¾Ifhka úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nk iurkq ,enqfõh' w;r wka;¾.; W;amdokfha ksmqKhka jk Tjqka bka§h o¾Yk jQ l,S ld,Sk" úYaf,aIKd;aul w.skaÈ. wdishdfõ yd ueo fmrÈ. úYd,;u úfYaIdx.hkaf.a isg ir, úfYaIdx. olajd jk jHjydßl m%ldYlhka fõ'

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uehs - cQks 2016

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