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wdrlaIdj iy Wmdh ud¾.h wd¾Ól lafIa;% yereKq fldg" iduqøSh fld,a,lEï iy m%;s;%ia;jdohg tfrysj igka lsÍfï§ iyfhda.s;dj j¾Okh lsÍug" brdkh" brdlh iy isßhdj Tiafia úysfok l,dmSh iy f.da,Sh m%Yakj,g i;aldrl iemhSu ms<sn| j¾Okh jk tal flakaøSh;dj ms<sìUq lrk ,o ì%laia yjq,aldß;ajfha Wmdh ud¾.sl wka;¾.;h .eUQre lrñka W!*d iuq¿j /õÿ‚' bia,dóh rdcHhla jeks wp, m%;sm;a;s OdÍ bia,dóh ú{dkjdo u.ska bkaOk ,eì w¿;a ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhï is>%fhka j¾Okh ùfï wjdishg tfrysj" ì%laia rgj,a úiska fuu ysxikldÍ iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a flakaøSh;dj idlÉPdjg hg;a f.da,Sh m%;s;%ia;jd§ m%h;akj,g tfrysj iduQyslj igka lsÍug ;u iyfhda.h §u fmdfrdkaÿ úh' ;%ia;jdoh ms<sn| i;H jika lsÍug jfl%da;a;sh fhdod .ekSug tfrys bkaÈhdfõ È.= ld,Sk uQ,Od¾ñl ia:djrh idOdrK nj ;yjqre lsÍfï §" W!*d m%ldYkh u.ska" ish¨u rdcHhka iy wka;¾cd;sl m%cdjg ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj igka lsÍug iy fuu ;¾ckh .%yKh lr .ekSug f;dard.;a fyda foaYmd,ksl m%fõYhla fkdekSug ;u lemùu iy j.lSï iu. ke.S isàug wdrdOkhla l<dh' fudaä uy;d úiska W!*d iuq¿fõ iuia;h ie,ls,a,g n÷ka lrñka fuu m‚jqvh f,dalh yuqfõ m%ldY lf<ah" —wm rgj,a wkqj .;a úg lKavdhï j,g fn§ isàu fjkqjg" ;ks tallhla f,i tlaj igka lsÍu hq;=j ;sfnkjd" úúO wkq.%yld;aul iy b,lal.; rgj,a w;r wkql,kh ùulska f;drj tfia l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd' wms ì%laia ixioh ;=< fuh l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd" tlai;a cd;Ska iy tys wdrlaIl uKav,h iy úúO fjk;a lñgq ;=< § fuh l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd'—
ck;djf.a n,h iqúi,a msúiqu iys; wd¾Ól iy Wmdhud¾.sl m%Yak u.ska isria;, ujñka isák w;r;=r" W!*d iuq¿j ck;djf.a n,h iu.ska ì%laia ys wfhdackh lsÍug we;s wjYH;dj iksgqyka lrñka u;lhg tla jkq we;" tu.ska l%Svdj fjk;lg fhduq lrjkafkl= iy kjuq lKavdhula ú,dihg l%shdlrñka yelshdj uqod yeÍug isÿfõ' fudaä uy;df.a mshjr 10 iQ;%h u.ska" yeÕSï wjqiaik mßÈ odia ldvï ^mshjr 10& f,i y÷kajkak u.ska" ì%laia rgj, ì,shk ;=kla muK jk ck;dj w;r ck;d-ck;d in|;d .eUqre lsÍu iy úúOdx.SlrKh lsÍu i|yd fhdackdj,shl i;aldrhla t<soelafõ'
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
fuu ck;d flakaøSh fhdackd" fjk;a foa w;r" ì%laia l%Svd ljqkais,h iy jd¾Isl l%Svd ieKfl<sh" ì%laia Ñ;%mg ieKfl<sh" ì%laia m%dka;$m%dfoaYSh md,k ixioh msysgqùu iy kd.ÍlrKh jk k.r w;r iyfhda.s;dj o we;=,;aj ieliS ;sfí'
by<( w.%dud;H fudaä uy;d iy wfkl=;a ì%laia kdhlhka 7 jk ì%laia iuq¿fõ idlaIs fjkqfjka w;aika lsÍfï W;aijfha§ my<( fudaä uy;d ì%laia jHdmdßl iuq¿j wu;hs
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%;sjHqy.; lsÍï( f.da,Sh md,kh kej; wdrïN lsÍu
wjYH;dj m< lrk ,§' W!*d m%ldYkh u.ska f.da,Sh md,kh ;=< tlai;a cd;Skaf.a flakaøSh;dj Woa§ma; fldg olajk w;r ì%laia ys —wka;¾cd;sl ish,a, we;=,;a W!*d m%ldYkh u.ska ixj¾Okfha iduh iy wdrlaIdj" by< fmf<a f.da,Sh ixj¾Okh B<Õ mshjr foig ì%laia f.khdfï wNs,dYS kHdh iy udkj whs;sjdislï m%j¾Okh iy wdrlaId lsÍu m;%hla úoyd mEjdh' 2016 kjÈ,a,s iuq¿j meje;afjk i|yd Wmldr lsÍfï n,m%ldYkh ;yjqre lsÍfï iuh jk úg kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j l%shd;aul úYaj nyqmd¾Yaùh ixúOdkh f,i tlai;a ;;a;ajfha mj;skq we;s w;r ì%laia ys cd;Ska fj; we;s lemùu— Woa§mkh lrhs' uOHu jHdmD;sh" f.da,Sh l%uh flfrys fuu m%YxikSh mrud¾: w;alr ;Èka ;Ügq /äl,a m%;sjHqy.; lsÍula f,i mj;skq .ekS u ms‚i" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl ls Í u" w;s f ¾l we;" tu.ska jvd;a wka;¾.%dyS iy uKa v ,h m%;sjHqy.; lsÍug iy ie;mq u la hdu m%cd;ka;%jd§ f,dal l%uhla ks¾udKh úys ÿ jd,S ug wjYH flf¾" ;jo fuu iy iduQ y s l j lsÍfï§ ngysr isg fjk;a l,dm lrd n, jHdmD;s f ha§ ì%laia i;=j f,dal l%uh l% s h d ls Í u ì% l a i a ú;eka ùula iys; f.dvke.Sï l,djlska kej; úldY lsÍfï jeo.;a N+ñldjla ys wo ojfia iukaú; jkq we;' fuu lafIa;%h ;=<§" we;' ;j;a ls i sÿ m%udohlska f;drj wjYH;dj fõ iduQyslj ie,iqï l< ú,dihlska l%shd fuda ä uy;df.a m‚jqvhg läkñka lsÍula ì%laia fj;ska wjYH flf¾' weyq ï lka Èh hq ; =j we;' —wm úiska kshu tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl ljqkais,fha ld,hg fmr tla i ;a cd;S k a f .a wdrlaIl ljqkais,fha m%;sjHqylrK mshjr .ekSfuys ,d ksuejqï ;yvq m% ; s j Hq y .; ls Í ï lrk úg" wd¾Ól" iudchSh fyda ie,iSu ì%laia m%ldYkh u.ska kej; kej; foa Y md,ks l fõjd ljr fyda wNs f hda .hla" ksrdlrKh .,md ne,Sfï ksr; jk w;r;=r mS-5 idudðlhka ls Í fï § wms jvd;a id¾:l úh hq ; = fjuq ' fuu f.da,Sh lKavdhfï § wfkl=;a tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl ixúOdkh 21 jk is h jfia § w¾:j;a m% ; s,dNodhlhla uKav,fha ks;H idudðl;ajh i|yd iqÿiqlï imqrd f,i fmka ù ug" jvd;a läkñka is h m% ; s j Hqy.; lsÍï we;s ysñlï mdk ì%laia idudðlhkaf.a wfmalaIdjka iïmQ ¾ K ls Í ug wjYH fõ'— i|yd iyfhda.h §fï§ jvd;a újD;j fmrg tafï udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh" www.indiawrites.org" bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha kdhlhka iu.
bkaÈhdj kej;;a uOHu
wdishdj yd nef`ohs
reishdfõ mej;s Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha iuq¿jg kf¾kaø fudaä uy;df.a iyNd.s;ajh" iy Wmdh ud¾.sl msysàu iy iïm;ska fmdfydi;a l,dmfhys bkaÈhdfõ nyq úO iïnkaO;d j, l,a mj;akd mßj¾;k i|yd fõÈldjla uOHu wdishdfõ rdcH myla úiska ilia lsÍu joka | udksIa pdkaoa
wdishdfõ ;=kajk úYd,;u wd¾Ólh f,dalh mqrd wfkl=;a l,dmhka iu. iïnkaOlï j, mshjr ke.Su mßÈ th l=vd mßudKfhka ksrEms; úúOdx.SlrKhla ;=<ska yrh olajk ,o wkkH .ukla jQ kuq;a bkaÈhdfõ ke.S tk úfoaY m%;sm;a;sfha wdlD;s rduqj iïnkaê; /yeka mgj,a úoyd olajkakla úh' rdcH ;dka;%slNdjh" Wmdh ud¾.sl Ndjh" N+ wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d ne£ we;s fnd,sjqvh" iQ*sjdoh" ldjHlrKh iy fhda. iu.ska fï ish¨u mxp úO rdcHhka lrd bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a yeu;skau m<uq ixpdrh tlg ne£ meje;s‚' Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha iuq¿jg iyNd.s ùug u;af;ka bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrhd Wiafnlsia;dkh iy lilia;dkh iu. oaúmd¾Yaúl ixpdr iu.ska
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
l,dmfha ixpdrh wdrïN lf<ah' Bg wk;=rej g¾lafuksia;dkh" ls¾.Sia;dkh iy ;ðlsia;dkh fj; ixpdrh È.= úh'
Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iuq¿j W!*d iuq¿fõ§ Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha mQ¾K idudðlfhl= f,i bkaÈhdj we;=,;a lr .ekSfuka" tys È.= lrk ,o wi,ajdiSNdjh iu.ska iïnkaO;d mßudK jeäÈhqKq lsÍu ms‚i fufyhjqï n,hla tla lsÍula imhkq i|yd bÈßhg hk úi,a wjia:djla úh' iuia; iuq¿fõ iyNd.slhka wu;ñka kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d l< l:dfõ§" fufia mejiSh" — Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkh taldnoaê; iy iïnkaê;
hqf¾ishdjla i|yd wdfõ. iemhqï mqjrejla úh we*a>ksia;dkfha ia:dhSlrK l%shdj,sfhys ,d yels w;r f,dalfha jvd;au .;sl l,dmhla Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha N+ñldj" mxp njg m;aùfï iqlr nj iys;hs"— ;jo" fyf;u úO iyNd.sl cd;Ska f.a kdhlhka iu.ska l,dmSh taldnoaO;d jHdmD;sfha m%.;sh foig Tyqf.a mqkrdj¾; idlÉPdj,§ iQpl f;audjla bkaÈhdfõ iyfhda.h fmdfrdkaÿ jQ ldrKh" flf¾ b,lal .; úh' hqf¾ishdkq l,dmh Tiafia lrk ,§' mq¿,aj l;d lrkafka iïnkaOk yelshdj Tijd kï" mxp úO iyNd.sl cd;Ska f,dalfha m%Odk jvd;a ;eîfï § Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d lrd fudaä uy;df.a ixpdrh rduq .;sl l,dmhla njg ixúOdkfha jeo.;a N+ñldj Tyq .; l< w;sl%dka; m%Yak y;rla m;aùfï yelshdfjka meyeÈ,s lf<ah' úh( wd¾Ól ne£ï mßudKfha hq;a hqf¾ishdjg —hqf¾ishdfõ W;=re fldfka j¾Okh" n,Yla;s yjq,aldß;ajh Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d isg wdishdfõ ol=Kq fldk yev .ekaùu" wdrlaIl ixúOdkh hqf¾ishdj fjr< olajd È.= jk fN!;sl iyfhda.s;dj .eUqre lsÍu iy i|yd mekqï mqjrejla iy äðg,a iïnkaOk yelshdfõ l,dmfha iïnkaO;d .=Kd;aul úh yelsh úYd, cd,hla wmg ks¾udKh jYfhka mßj¾;kh i|yd lsÍug yelsh' cd;Hka;r W;=re ixialD;sl rdcH ;dka;%slNdjh ol=Kq m%jdyk uxfm; fï ÈYdk;sfha mshjrls"— ms<sn| b,lal lsÍu tajdhs' Tyq mejiSh' Iekaydhs iyfhda.s;d ixúOdk iuq¿fõ§" fudaä uy;d" ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj Wiafnlsia;dkh ^cQ,s 6-7& igka lsÍu i|yd wdrlaIdj j¾Okh lsÍu iy —uOHu wdishdfõ úYsIag cd;Ska myla lrd
bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d ish Wiafnlsia;dk ixpdrfha § Wiafnlsia;dk w.%dud;H Yõld;a ñ¾isfhdaõ uy;d iu.
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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by<( w.%dud;H fudaä uy;d ish lilia;dk ixpdrfha § weiagdkd ys kid¾ndfhõ úYaj úoHd,fha § my<( ish lilia;dk ixpdrfha § bka§h w.%dud;Hjrhd w.%dud;H ldßï ueisfudaõ uy;d úiska ms<s.kq ,nhs" weiagdkd ys§h
uf.a ixpdrh ft;sydisl lilia;dkh ^cQ,s 7-8& iïnkaO;djla lrd jk kj bkaÈhdkq wdrlaIl l,kfha .ukls"— fudaä uy;d mejiSh' ,d lilia;dkfha jeo.;alu fjkia fjkia wdldrj,ska wjOdrKh lrñka" fudaä m%ldYkh ùula wLKavj uy;d f;,a iy iajNdúl .Eia flfrk forg w;r iyfhda.s;dj ishhg 25 l ixialD;sl iy wdOHd;añl fldgia ork i;amdfhõ m%:u iïnkaO;d ms<sn| Tyq f;,a ,s| leŒu ms<sn| idlaIs wjOdrKfhka l;d lf<ah' oeÍh' rgj,a fol È.=ld,Sk —Wiafnlsia;dkfha yskaÈ jYfhka bkaÈhdjg iajNdúl NdIdfjka flfrk .=jkaúÿ,s hqf¾kshï iemhSu kej; w¿;a úldYkh 50 jir blau jQ lsÍu i|yd jk .súiqula w;aika w;r rdudhKh" uyd Ndr;h" lrk ,§" ;jo lilia;dkfha isg iy wfkl=;a bkaÈhdkq ùrldjHh" bkaÈhdjg k, ud¾.fhka fyda øùlD; tla jrlg jvd fuys úldYkh lrkq iajNdúl .Eia ud¾.fhka f;,a iy ,en ;sfí' th wmf.a l,a mj;sk .Eia m%jdykh .fõIKh lsÍug tlÕ forg hqf¾kshï ine¢hdjkaf.a ms<sìUqjla jkakd fiau jQy' ie,iqu w;alr .ekSfuka ixpdrh iemhSu i|yd f,dalh fj;g Wiafnlsia;dkfha l+Gm%dma; jQ w;r —f;aÊ ldoï— f,i jQ È.=ld,Sk újD; Ndjh ms<sno ldrKhla o fõ"— YS¾I lrk ,o taldnoaO m%ldYfhka .súiqulg Tyq mejiSh' Tjqkf.a iïnkaO;d th ms<sìUq úh" ;jo wdrlaIdj w;aika ;eîh bÈßhg f.k hñka" bkaÈhdj iy j¾Okh lsÍu iy yuqod ;dlaI‚l Wiafnlsia;dkh .súiqï ;=kla w;aika iyfhda.s;dj j¾Okh lsÍfï .súiqula l< w;r ixpdrl jHdmdrh" ixialD;sh iy forfÜ o we;=¿j .súiqï mylg w;aika lrkq ,eîh' úfoaY ld¾hd, w;r iyfhda.s;dj Bg wka;¾.; taldnoaO jHdmdr ljqkais,hla ia:dmkh lsÍu iy úh' bkaÈhdjg hqf¾kshï fug%sla fgdka 2000 la bkaÈhdkq jd‚c yd l¾udka; uKav, iïfï,kh iemhSu i|yd .súiqu fõ.fhka l%shd;aul lsÍfï iy lilia;dk úfoaY fiajd ks,ueÈßh w;r ;SrKh" m%;s ;%ia;jd§ iyfhda.s;dj j¾Okh lsÍu jHdmdr .súiqula w;aika lsÍu" rgj,a fol w;r iy ia:dhS iy wka;¾.; we*a>ksia;dkhla yev jHdmdr ine¢hdjka W;af;ackh lsÍula n÷ úh' .ekaùu i|yd WmfoaYkh Wiafnlsia;dkfha § há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh jeo.;a b,lal.; fudaä uy;df.a idlÉPdj, uQ,sl f;aud úh' lafIa;%hla jkq we;s w;r fomd¾Yajh ;dlaI‚l
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
jfï( w.%dud;H fudaä uy;d isg g¾lafuksia;dk ixpdrfha § weIa.dndÜ lrd msúis wjia:dj¦ ol=fKa( w.%dud;Hjrhd ish nhsfIla ixpdrh w;r;=r ls¾.Sia ckrcfha w.%dud;H w.%dud;H f;aó¾ idßfhaõ uy;d iu. yuqod W;a;udpdrhla ms<s.kshs
iyfhda.s;dj iy ÿïßh ixj¾Okh hk wxYj, .súiqula w;aika ;eîu o isÿúh'
yjq,aldß;ajhla i|yd ia:djrhlg meñ‚ w;r ´tkaÔiS úfoaYa ,sñgâ ish g¾lafuksia;dk ld¾hd,h újD; lsÍu iy —g¾lafukaysñhd— g¾lafuksia;dkh ^cQ,s 10-11& l,ams; ie,ls,a, iy mStiahQ rdIaà%h ridhk weIa.dndÜ ys§" fnfyúkau idlÉPdjg n÷ka jQ iy fmdfydr iSñ; iud.u" g¾lafuksia;dkfha g¾lafuksia;dk-we*a>ksia;dkisg È.=ld,Sk jYfhka hQßhd mdlsia;dk-bkaÈhd jHdmD;sh iemhSu wruqKq lr .ksñka g¾lafuksia;dkisyskhlska Tíng hñka forg w;r wjfndaO;d .súiqula we*a>ksia;dkienEjg wdikak mshjrla w;aika flß‚' ;j;a jeo.;a mdlsia;dk-bkaÈhd njg m;a jQfha" fomd¾Yajh myiqlï iemhSula jQfha iqikaOdkh úiska 2015 iema;eïn¾ 1 jk wdrlaIK iyfhda.s;d .súiqu jHdmD;sh isysk od iqikaOdk kdhlhka w;r w;aika lsÍuhs" tu.ska l,dmfha udhsfuka ñ§ isÿ jQ wjidkhlg m;a lsÍfï wka;.dó woyia ke.S tau ms<sn| ienEfõ wdikakhg ie,iqu fy,sorõ lsÍu;a iu.sks' ÿ¾j,;d j,g tfrysj tl;= l< ú;eka úh ish,a, fyd¢ka isÿjkafka kï" uqLH ,laIKh w;alr .ekSuhs' Wla; iqikaOdkh 2015 jk úg l,dmfha n,Yla;s iemhqïlre njg m;aùfï ls¾.Sia;dkh ^cQ,s 11-12& wjia:djla we;' nhsfIla ys uQ,sl w;alr .ekSu jQfha taldnoaO Wla; iqikaOdkh yer;a" bkaÈhdj iy yuqoduh wNHdi ;Sj% lsÍu" yuqod WmfoaYlhka g¾lafuksia;dkh È.= ld,Sk n,Yla;s iy ksÍlaIlhka yqjudre lr .ekSu" yuqod
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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yjq,aldß;ajh
kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d ;ðlsia;dk ckm;s tfudaud,s rysfudaka uy;d iu. ÿIdkafí ys§
wOHhk iy mqyqKqj wfmalaId lrk wdrlaIl od¾Yksl lú rîkaøkd;a ;df.darhkaf.a Wvqlh iyfhda.s;d .súiqu w;aika lsÍuhs' wd¾Ól ne£ï m%;sudjla ksrdjrKh lrñka iy ;ðla b;sydifha uyd j¾Okh lsÍfï b,lalh we;sj ls¾.Sia;dk wd¾Ól ksuejqula jk ndfndfcdaka .f*dfrdõ f.a ;ðfldka wud;HdxYh iy bkaÈhdkq m%ñ;s ld¾hdxYh w;r lD;sfha yskaÈ ixialrKh uqodyeÍu lrñka ixialD;sl ue;sjrK iïnkaO m%Yak ms<sn| iyfhda.s;dj .ek jk rdcH ;dka;%slNdjh uqÿka fm;a;g f.k .sfhah' .súiqula w;aika lrk ,§' ixpdrfha jeo.;a wjia:d jQfha" bkaÈhdj iy uOHu wdishdj w;r fg,s ffjoH oKav tieùu( ine¢hdjl iudrïNh nhsfIla ys§ isÿùu iy ls¾.SiaiSudrys; wjia:d bkaÿ ÔjffjoH m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkh" l,dmfha úi,a mska;+r oelaulg hñka" bkaÈhdj iy fi!LHuh há;, myiqlï mq¿,a lsÍfï iïm;ska wdVH w,xldr l,dmSh bkaÈhdkq lemùu m%lg l< wjia:dj" fma%laIdj,sh Tiafia ia:dk.; rdcHhka fomd¾Yajh lrd ixpdrl iïm%dma;shhs' w;r nyqme;slv iïnkaO;d n, lDIsld¾ñl .kajñka uOHu wdishdkq rdcH myla iyfhda.s;dfõ ;ðlsia;dkh ^cQ,s 12-13& lrd fudaä uy;d ixpdrh lf<ah' rduqjla ia:dmkh ÿIdkafí ys§" bkaÈhdfõ uOHu wdishdj bkaÈhdfõ uOHu wdishd m%;sm;a;sh lsÍfuys ,d tla úh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sfha úúO /yeka kej;;a iïnkaOj kj tluq;=jla iy wkqkdohla tlg ne÷Kq w;r ixpdrfha iliq wdfrdamKh lrñka fõÈldj ilia úh' wjidkh ia:dmkh lf<ah' mqyqKq lsÍu iy Odß;d ;ðla lú wíÿ,a l§¾ fíÈ,a f.a u;l ysák iq¿ joka ixj¾Okh flf¾ jk bkaÈhdfõ yrhd;aul Yla;sh Wmqgd olajñka fudaä uy;d ish ixpdrfha wjika ;ðlsia;dkfha mdie,a 37 l mß.Kld.dr ia:dmkh l;dj iksgqyka lf<ah" ta ÿIdkafí ys l;dfõ§ lsÍug w.%dud;H fudaä uy;df.a msßkeóu i|yd fudaä uy;d fufia isysm;a lf<ah( —ld,fha iy m%ldYhla iu.u l;dnyg wdfhah' ia:dkfha iuqøh" Tn fjkqfjka" isáhs kuq;a tla fomd¾Yajh úiska lDIsld¾ñl iyfhda.s;dj j¾Okh .s,oeóula iEfya' Tfí iSud udhsï ke;s mßl,amkh lsÍfï ,d mshjr y;l rduqjla msysgqùu lrk ,§' iSud fkdlrkak'— udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh" www.indiawrites.org" bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
kjuq ne£ï
ixia:dmkh lsÍu
wm%sldj Wfoid jQ foaYfha úYd,;u wNsnjd hdfï biõj" Tlaf;dan¾ 26-30 bkaÿ-wm%sld ixio iuq¿j i|yd i;aldr iemhSug bkaÈhdj iQodkï fjhs joka | uhqÍ uql¾Ô
bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d tlai;a gekaidkshdkq ckrcfha ckdêm;s jrhd iu. kj È,a,sfha§
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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tlai;a gekaidkshdkq ckrcfha ckdêm;sjrhd bkaÈhd -gekaidkshdkq jHdmdr ixiofha iudrïNl W;aijfha§
wm%sldj iu. bkaÈhdfõ iïnkaO;d jir 2000 lskq;a Tíng Èfjk w;r ta bkaÈhdfõ ngysr fjrf<a isg wm%sldfõ kef.kysr fjr< olajd fj<|dfï .sh wh úiska jd‚c ne£ï ixia:dmkh l< wjêh olajdh' fudaiï iq<x m%jdyfha ÈYdj we;ao," ߧ" r;arka" jhska" T,sõ f;,a" iqj| øjH" bßÕ=" yd,a" lmq" hlv" ;U iy ;, f;,a iduqøSh fj<|dug myiqlï iod,Sh' ld,h Tiafia" wm%sldfõ fj<| k.r j, fndfyda bkaÈhdkqjka fkajdisl jQ w;r j¾;udkfha flkahdj" iekaisndrh" fudieïìla iy fldfudfrdia ¥m;a wdY%s;j ta kjd;eka msysáfha" fndfyda wm%sldkqjka .=crdgfha kjd;eka .;af;ah' jvd;au lS¾;shg m;a wm%sldkq fj<÷kaf.ka flfkl= jQ" ndjd f.da¾" wm%sldkq ckjd¾.sl iïNjhla we;s bkaÈhdkq m%cdfjys jkaokhg md;% úh' uOHld,Sk hq.fha§" wm%sldkqjka bkaÈhdkq rdclSh yuqodj, fid,aodÿjka f,i fiajh
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
l< w;r fndfydafjla yuqodj, by< ks,hkag iy foaYmd,k n,e;s mqgqj,g ke. .;ay' ta yd iudkju" ol=Kq wm%sldj" W.kavdj" flkahdj iy gekaidkshdj hk fmfoiaj,g foaYdgkh l< bkaÈhdkq fiajlhka uydud¾. iy ÿïßh ud¾. f.dvkexùfuys kshqla; úh' kej; jrla" tys iaÓr jdih i,id .;a fndfydafjla wm%sldfõ ;u m%cdfõ l=¿Kq f,i ke.S tafuys iu¾: jQy' uE;ld,Skj" mYapd;a wêrdcHjd§ f,dalh ;=< ;u ia:dkj, wdrlaIdj me;+ bkaÈhdkqjka iy wm%sldkqjka" Tjqka tlsfkld iu. jev lrñka úreoaOjd§ md,k ks,hka neyer lr,Sfï iy ksoyi iy idOdrK;ajh m;d igka lsÍfï wNsfhda.h Ndr.;ay' miq.sh oYl lsysmfha§" wfkl=;a n,fõ. hka jvd;a m%lgj —wm%sldj i|yd fmdrne§u— f,iska y÷kajkq ,enQ" wr.,fha ksr;j isá w;r bkaÈhdj ish iyDo wm%sldkqjka iu. tu wr.,fha ksr; fjñka olaIsK-olaIsK iyfhda.s;djl wdlD;shla u.ska wfkHdkH
iuQydKavqfõ úfoaY lghq;= wud;H iqIañ;d iajrdÊ uy;añh ol=Kq wm%sldfõ v¾nka ys§ ckdêm;s fÊlí iQud uy;d iu. iqyo l;djl
m%;s,dNSh ne£ï f.dv ke.Sug iyNd.s úh' lsysmhla fõ' bkaÿ - wm%sldkq yjq,aldß;ajh wm%sldkqjka i|yd jQ bkaÈhdfõ ixj¾Ok rgj,a folu wksldf.a wjYH;d wjfndaO wdOdr jev igyk" WodyrK jYfhka" úYsIag lr.ekSfuys ,d iajNdúl tlla úh' th id¾:l;ajhla njg m;a úh' th YsIagdpdr.; ne£u u; f.dv wdh;k iy udkj Y%uh mqyqKq ke.=Kq iudk yjq,aldß;ajhla wm%sldj Wfoid lsÍu ìï uÜgfï isg by<g fõ' 2008 wm%sfh,a ui kjÈ,a,sfha jk bkaÈhdfõ lsÍu fjkqfjka Wmldrj;a úh' uq¿ ÿka m<uq bkaÿ - wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok bkaÈhdfõ iydh ,nk iuia; ixio iuq¿fõ §" fuu wdOdr jev wm%sldkq B-cd,h" iuia; wm%sldkq yjq,aldß;ajh taldnoaO flreKq igyk úYsIag cd;Ska 50 wdjrKh lrk jev w;r 2011 uehs ui wäia wndnd id¾:l;ajhla igyk" Yla;su;a bkaÿ - wm%sldkq ys mej;s fojk bkaÿ - wm%sldkq w;alr .;s iyfhda.s;dfõ ;j;a WodyrKhls' ixio iuq¿fõ§ tys w.hhka f,dalfha wfkla mi" wm%sldj kej; kej; w;ayod n,k ,§' ;=< ish igyk ;nk bkaÈhdkq jHdmdr ;=kajk iuq¿fõ§" iïnkaO;d ó<Õ uÜgu ^iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHjidh& ms<sn| l;d lrd kxjd,Sug ld,h Wod fjhs'
;=kajk bkaÿ - wm%sldkq ixio iuq¿j i|yd iQodkï ùfï /iaùul § fufyjr i|yd jQ wm%sldkq kdhlhka iu. kjÈ,a,sfha §
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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bkaÿ-fcda¾odk
iduqøSh ne£ï
fcda¾odkfha welnd jrdh ke.S tk l,dmSh uOHia:dkhla jk w;r th f.da,Sh jd‚c uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍfï m%h;akhg bkaÈhdj o tla fjhs
Right: Mr Modi and Chinese premeir Li at Temple of Heaven, Beijing; Below: Indian PM visits Daxingshan Temple in Xi’an, China
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
fcda¾odkh iu. bkaÈhdfõ fhdað; kdúl wfkl=;a iduqøSh ldrKj,§ wfkHdkH iydh wxY .súiqu l%Svd fjkia lrkafkl=f.a iemhSu" jvd;a hym;a iduqøSh lghq;= mqyqKqj NjH;dj iys; tlls' iuQydKavqfõ leìkÜ i|yd myiqlï iemhSu" iduqøSh m%jdykfha § uKav,h u.ska wkqu; l< .súiqu fuu noaO jHdmdr ixia:dmkh lsÍu" keõ ;ekSu jif¾ miq Nd.fha§ iuQydKavqfõ iy wfkl=;a tajd w;r w¿;ajeähd úfoaY lghq;= wud;H iqIañ;d lghq;= lsÍu we;=,;a fõ' iajrdÊ uy;añhf.a ngysr wdishd kdúl .súiqu foi ne,sh welnd jrdh ixpdrfha § w;aika lsÍug hq;af;a forg w;r iuia; j¾Okh kshñ;h' uQ,drïNhka flf¾ jk oaúmd¾Yaúl fj<|du msßySug jk tlls" i;aldrl ud¾.fhka bkaÈhdj tfrysjh' bkaÿ -fcda¾odk taldnoaO uE;ld,Skj iy fcda¾odkh w;r iduqøSh fj<| iy wd¾Ól lñgqfõ kjjk úYd, úoyd,Sula ne£ï Yla;su;a lsÍu .súiqu u.ska ieish ld,fha §" fuu jif¾ lrk ,§ lrkq we;' fuhg fj<| keõ iy ud¾;= 29-30 foÈk wïudka ys§
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m<uq j;djg wud;H uÜgfuka meje;afjoa§" forgu 2020 jk úg fvd,¾ ì,shk 5 l fj<|dula i|yd tlÕ úh' th wNs,dIS b,lalhla jk w;r uE;ld,Sk w;S;fha hï md¾Yajhla úiska fj<|dfï ie,lsh hq;= jeäùula we;=,;a lf<a jqjo - 2006 fvd,¾ ñ,shk 570 isg 2013 fvd,¾ ì,shk 1'61 olajd j¾Okhla úh' 2020 b,lalh imqrd,kq jia" iduqøSh ine¢hdjka mqjrej Tiafia W;al¾IKh l< hq;=j ;sfí' miq.sh j¾I my ;=< l,dmh uq¿,af,a ksrka;r foaYmd,k fjkialfï /,a, hgf;a mej;s yeIuhsÜ rdcOdksh l,dmfha tla ia:djr jd‚c uOHia:dkhla jk ksid fcda¾odkh iu. ne£ï jeo.;a fõ' fcda¾odkfha W;=ßka isák wi,ajeishd" isßhdj" isú,a hqoaOhlg ueÈ ù isঠkefkysrg" brdlh m%Odk úfoaY yuqod jHdmdrhla hgf;a kej; uqod .ksñka ;sfí¦ rgj,a folu ñf,aÉP ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhulg tfrys igkl kshqla;j isঠol=Kg" fi!È wrdìh fhaukh iu. yuqoduh .egqulg ueÈj isà" iy r;= uqyqo Tiafia" Bðma;=j m%Odk foaYmd,ksl úma,jhlska miqj ke.S tkakg mgka .;a;d muKls' ;rula ÿßka" fcda¾odkh fmkS hkafka" f.da,Sh jYfhka WKqiqï ia:dkhl msysgqï ,o" wiam¾YkSh ^úfYaIfhkau jHdmdßl jYfhka& kuq;a ìï.; i;Hh fjkiaj mj;skakla f,ih' fcda¾odkh wi,ajeis rgj, mj;sk w¾nqoj,§ wka;.dó f,i WodiSk ia:djrhl msysgd isà' th iajd¾:h i|yd lemjqKq idfmalaIj ,snr,alrKhlg ,la l< wd¾Ólhls' fcda¾odkh i;=j we;af;a tla uqyqÿ f;dguqKla mu‚ - welnd - ny¨ï yiqrejk" jvd;a uE; §" .Eia" cd;sfha uQ,sl n,Yla;s wdrlaIK wjYH;dj" yiqrejk jrdhhs' 2013 §" fvd,¾ ñ,shk 140 l ceá úysÿï iïmQ¾K lrk ,§' oeka" jrdfha
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ny¨ï yeisrùfï Odß;dj fo.=K ù we;s w;r welnd .uka ud¾.h Tiafia Odjkh flfrk úYd,;u hd;%d mjd f.kajd .ekSfï yelshdfjka hqla;h' tfukau" fuu cqks ui §" kj øùlD; .Eia m¾hka;hla jrdhg wkqnoaê;j újD; lrk ,§' cd;sl wd¾Ólh fmdfydi;a lsÍfï jev igyfka fldgila jYfhka fcda¾odk úÿ,s n, wjYH;d iy we;eï úg Bðma;=jg lrk úÿ,s wmkhkh i|yd øùlD; iajNdúl .Eia m¾hka;h úYd,;ajfhka m%udKj;a jk ;rïh' fcda¾odkfha welnd jrdh ke.S tk l,dmSh uOHia:dkhla jk w;r th f.da,Sh jd‚c uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍfï m%h;akhg bkaÈhdj o tla fjhs' nhsn,hg fmr hq.fha isg ia:dms;" welnd ^whs,d f,i y÷kajkq ,efí& l%sia;= j¾I 106 § frdau wêrdcHh
bkaÈhdj iy fcda¾odkh welnd jrdh f.da,Sh jd‚c uOHia:dkhla f,i ;ekSfï Wkkaÿj iys;j isá;s
úiska .%yKhg .kakd ,§" ;jo wêrdcH fol w;r fj<|du i|yd ud¾.ia:lrK ,laIHhla f,ig l%shd;aul úh' fuu iïnkaO;dj welndj nhsfikaáhka wêrdcHh hg;g m;aùfuka miqjo l%shd;aul jQ w;r 4 jk ishjfia isg wo olajd Yla;sh mj;ajd f.k ths' fuu jif¾ fmnrjdßfha §" f,dalfha úYd,;u keõ iud.ï w;ßka tlla jk" u¾iala ,hska" bkaÈhdj iy welndj w;r Rcq iïnkaO;djla ia:dmkh lsÍfï kj fiajdjla ksfõokh l<dh' fiajdj fpkakdhs ys§ wdrïN fõ" tys kej;=ï ,laIHhka jkafka fld<U ^Y%S ,xldj&" i,d,d ^´udkh&" fcvd ^fi!È wrdìh&" welnd ^fcda¾odkh&" fiaâ jrdh ^Bðma;=j&" we,sfcßldia ^iamd[a[h&" jef,kaishd ^iamd[a[h&" fcfkdajd ^b;d,sh& iy wdmiq .uk kej;;a fpkakdhs olajd ðnqá ys jrdh k.rfhka Tiafia wm%sldfõ iy vqndhs f,i ;e/õ lrñks'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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mQ;al+,s" hdr kjfha tïfn%dhsvß i¿j" ;ñ,akdvqfõ fgdavd m%cdj ;=, fmrjqï jia;%hla fukau l,d;aul ksujqula f,i iksgqyka ù ;sfí joka | l<Hd‚ fma%I¾
;ñ,akdvq m%dka;fha m¾hka; odrhlg jkakg úys§ we;s ks,a.sß kñka hq;a ks,a l÷lrh l,dmfha by<u ;;a;ajfha ,d ie,flk f.da;%sl m%cdj jk fgdavd jrekag jdi N+ñh imhhs' ish;a rEm iïm;a;shg ia;=;s jkakg" fgdavd m%cdj úi,a wjOdkhla Èkd isák w;r we;eï whf.a úYajdih mßÈ Tjqka .%Slhkaf.ka mejf;k nj lshfõ' mQ;al+,s kñka y÷kajk hdr
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
kjfha tïfn%dhsvß i¿ ksujñka Tjqka ksoyfia m%S;s fjhs' th tlu rgdj kej; kej; ksmoùu iy talSh ñ, kshdukh ksid wdjrK ,nd ;sfnk N+ o¾Yl ;;a;ajh Wiq,k ixlS¾K l,djls' fuu l,dj ;=< jeählau kshef,kafka fgdavd <÷kah" l¿ iy r;= bß ^mq¿,a má f,i fmka& iys;j iqÿ frÈ u; úhuk ,nk mQ;al+,sh
l¿ iy r;= bß iys;j iqÿ frÈ u; úhuk ,nk mQ;al+,sh kùk hq.fha i¿jla f,i fmkqu Èkd .kakd w;r mrïmrdkq.;j mej; tkakls
kùk hq.fha i¿jla f,i wdldrhla wkqj hñka fuu ;Sre fmkqu Èkd .kS' fuu má jeks w;r iy jgd tïfn%dhsvß rgd oeóu ;Sre w;r" ldka;djka úiska mer‚ lrkq ,efí' jïmig jkakg fhdo rgd ueiqï úêl%uhg rgd ueiSu lrhs' tïfn%dhsvß ld¾fkda,a kñkao ol=Kg jkakg fhdok úg tajd ueiau jia;%h —we;=,a me;af;a— fhdok neúka msg ld¾;d,a kñkao ye¢kafjkq olakg ,efí' me;a; u; b,smamqKq fmdfydi;a rgd fmkqula wjia:dj wkqj hñka" úúO mQ;al+,s i¿ m<¢k ,nk kuq;a Tng mQ;al+,shl fome;a;u mdúÉÑ mqoa.,hka oelSu ksrka;rfhka mdfya iq,n l< yelsh' fï uq,au m%;sf,dauk yelshdfjka fõ' fgdavd m%cd.; újdy ux., W;aijhl§" hq;a i¿jhsæ ck;dj mrïmrdkq.;j mejf;k .%Slhka y¢k wdldrfhkau" fnfyúkau tïfn%dhsvß rgd fgdavdjreka mQ;al+,sh Ndú; lrk fh¥ mQ;al+,s me<£u isÿ flf¾' tïfn%dhsvß neúka th .%Sl idïm%odhkaf.ka wm mqÿu lrjñka" jvd;au ueiau jia;%h mejf;l njg m<jk u;hg idlaIs fmdfydi;a tïfn%dhsvß /.;a —we;=,a me;af;a˜ imhhs' tïfn%dhsv¾ u; msßñka iy ñ,dêl i¿ me<¢u isÿ lrkq fhdok neúka ldka;djka Ndú; lrk rgd w;r ,nkafka wjux.,H wjia:dj,§h' msg me;a; uo fjkila olakg ,efnk w;r idïm%odhslj" kQ,a f,i fhdod u; b,smamqKq iajNdj O¾ufhka .;a fudaia;r .kq ,nkafka t<j¿ fl¢h' fmdfydi;a rgd ks¾udK cHdñ;sl iajrEmhla uE;ld,Skj" kùk tïfn%dhsvß kQ,a fmkqula ,nhs .ksñka ta u; jefghs' fgdavdjreka Ndú; lrkq olakg ,efí' w;r ó yrld mQckSh ;;a;ajhla jir lsysmhlg tmsg§" fgdavd Wiq,k neúka" th ks;ru mdfya rgd .; tïfn%dhsvß l,dj mßydkshg m;a ùulg uqyqK flfrk fudaia;r w;ßka tlla fõ' mE w;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, iy ixj¾Ok fgdavd m%cdfõ ;reK fl,a,ka" jhia.;j ixúOdkj, wruqo,a fhoùfuka fuu l,dj /l miqjk ;u ujqjrekaf.ka fuu wk.s Ydia;h % .ekSfï Wmldr úê ie,iqfKah' ld,h wkqj W.kS' Tjqkg Í;s fmd;aj,ska .;a rgd ueùug fjkia fjñka" idïm%odhsl tïfn%dhsvß l,dj wjYH fkdlrkjd fiau kjuq fukau w,xldr mQ;al+,s i¿ j,g muKla iSud fkdù" .uka u¿" rgd ksoyfia f.;Sug mqreÿ mqyK q q fjhs' fïi we;sß,s" we| we;sß,s wdÈh lrd me;sfrñka iudka;rj msyg s j q k l¿ iy r;= ;Sre j,ska l,dj /lafï ms<shï f.k ;sîu Tng wo ojfia ish¨u mQ;l a , + s j, moku jeà ;sfí' l%ñl olskq yelsh'
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ks,a.sß gdrejkaf.a
N+ñfha isg
;ñ,akdvqfõ cd;sl isõmdjd ;ñ,akdvqfõ ks,a.sßia isg úysfok läka lv msysá fIda,d ;Kìïj, isg flar<fha w.ia;su,dhs l÷lrh olajd jk lsf,daóg¾ 400 l muK ìï fmfoig wdfõ‚l jQ i;a;aj úfYaIhls joka | wks,a uq,apdkaokS
20 jk ishjfia uq,a yßh jk úg fYaIj isá ks,a.sß gd¾ fidhd .; yelsh' fuu ;Kìï gd¾ ixLHdj 100 la ;rï wvq .Kkla jQ nj my< Wkak;dxY.;j jevqKq >k jkdka;r Tn oek isáfhyso@ wo" rdcH iy mqoa.,sl j,ska jg ù msysgk w;r flar<fha w.kqjr ixúOdkj, ixrlaIK uQ,drïNhkag mska jk ;%sfõkaøï isg lsf,daóg¾ 280 la muK isÿ jkakg fuu ixLHdj 2500 blaujd ;sfí' wE;ska msysá trdúl=,ï cd;sl WoHdkh jgd ks,a.sß gdrejkaf.a úYd,;u tajdhska jeä yßhla fidhd .; .yKh" m%dfoaYSh jYfhka yels fõ' ks,a.sß bfnlaia ke;akï bkaÈhdkq w¾Ooaùmfha ol=Kq trdúl=,ï cd;sl bfnlaia kñka okakd" l=r È. bkaÈhdfõ msysá jvd;au WoHdkh bÿlals iys; i;a;ajhd" ;ñ,akdvqfõ Wia jQ l÷YsLr w;ßka tlla jQ Èia;%slalfha Wia ks,a.sß l÷lrfha isg flar<fha wä 8842 la Wie;s wkakduqÈ fmfoia mqrd ngysr .dÜys ol=Kq fmfoi lka o .ek mqridrï lsj úisÍ we; olajd ìïlvg wdfõ‚l fõ' yels bÿlals Èia;%slalfha Wia ol=Kq ngysr .dÜ ys fudaiï fmfoila mqrd trdúl=,ï cd;sl jkdka;r mßir l,dmfha újD; ;DK WoHdkh msysgd we;' fuh Ôj úoHd;aulj .yKh ;=< jdiia:dk i,id .ksñka" fmdfydi;a fIda,d jkdka;r jdih ms<sn| m%dfoaYShj fIda,d kñka y÷kajkq ,nk" lÈu WodyrKhla fõ' ks,a.sß gd¾" läka j¾Okh nd, jQ óg¾ 1200-2600 Wkak;dxY lv msysá fIda,d ;Kìïj, isg flar<fha l,dmh ;=< úys§ úisÍ msysá ìïlfvys w.ia;su,dhs l÷lrh olajd jk lsf,daóg¾
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ks,a.sß gd¾
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;rndre t¿ úfYaIhla jk ks,asß gd¾ flá kuq;a f.dfrdaiq f,dau iy f.dfrdaiq o< flaYr iys; i;a;ajfhls
Ø
jevqKq l,ays msßñ i;=ka .eyeKq i;=kag jvd úYd, fukau w÷re meye fõ
Ø
fomlaIhu jla .eiqKq wx hqj,lska hqla;h" msßñ i;=kaf.a fikaá óg¾ 40 la muK;a .eyeKq i;=kaf.a 30 la muK;a tajd È.= fõ
Ø
jeäysá msßñ if;l= fikaá óg¾ 100 la muK Wrysia fmfoi Wia jk w;r lsf,da.%Eï 80-100 la muK fõ" .eyeKq i;=ka Wiska 80 la iy nßka 50-60 la muK fõ
W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N
Wreuh
ks,a.sß gd¾ iajNdj iy iajNdj iïm;a ixrlaIKh i|yd jk wka;¾cd;sl ix.uh u.ska ,ehsia;=.; lr we;
400 l muK ìï fmfoig wdfõ‚l jQ wka;¾cd;sl ix.uh u.ska j|ù f.k hk i;a;aj úfYaIhls' úfYaIhla f,i gd¾ ,ehsia;=.; lr we;' gd¾ ;shqKq weia we;s wdrlaIdldÍ i;a;aj lsisu Wm.yKhla 250 lg jeä ixLHdjlska úfYaIhla jk kuq;a" b,lal .ekSug iukaú; fkdfõ' 1972 bkaÈhdkq jkÔù jvd;a wiSre lrjñka by< ìï ;, lrd ^wdrlaIK& mk; u.ska 1 jk Wmf,aLkfha laI‚lj ú;eka ùug olaIh' kuq;a ks,asß we;=,;a i;a;ajfhl= f,i mQ¾K wdrlaIdj gd¾ o¾Ykh i|yd jvd;au ,nd we;" tfuka trdúl=,ï iqLr ia:dkh trdúl=,ï ys iy ksy~ ksïk cd;sl jkdka;rhg rdcud,hs ìïlvhs' WoHdkh" uql=¾;s" wkduf,hs" by< fudfydr yhl ke;akï y;l iy mdrïìl=,ï jkÔù iy m¾j; nEjqï lKavdhula f,i Tjqka wNh N+ñ iy Y%S ú,a,smQ¾ o~q ks,a.sß gd¾ idudkHfhka oelsh yels fõ" f,fykqkaf.a wNh N+ñh iy oelaug fyd|u we;eï úg ,sys,aj frdo ne÷Kq l,dldvq-uqkaoka;=frhs fldá ia:dk fõ úYd, lKavdhï oelsh yels ixrlaIs;h ;=< o wdrlaIdj jqj;a ;DK ìï iQrd lñka ,nhs' iajNdj iy iajNdj tajd my;g fy<hs' WoEik iy ikaOHd iïm;a ixrlaIKh i|yd jk wka;¾cd;sl ld,fha § Tjqka il%sh jk w;r WKqiqï ix.uh u.ska f,dal Wreuhla f,i ngysr uOHdyakfha l÷ yd m¾j; fijfKa isis,i .dÜ m%ldYhg m;alr we;s w;r l÷lr ú¢ñka ksÍlaIKd;aul /<l /lj¨ka l,dmfhys ffcj úúO;aj W;aidyhka njg m;aj ld,h f.jd ouhs' iajNdj f.a m%;s,dN j,ska gd¾ úfYaIho jdis iy iajNdj iïm;a ixrlaIKh i|yd jk ,nkq we;'
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wismf;a iy
fy,af,a l,dj
wú mokï lr.;a fm!rd‚l ;dka gd hqo l,dj i;=rkag tfrysj wism; iy fy,a, Ndú; lrhs joka | jdks u,sla
;dka gd mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍu yqfolau wd;au wdrlaIdj imhkjd muKla fkdj" th wmf.a fmdfydi;a ixialD;sl Wreuhg tla jkakla o fõ
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úl%udkaú; uksmQ¾ idïm%odh i|yka lrk wkaoug wism;a" fy,s iy ls‚is jeks úúO wdhqO Ndú; lrhs' uOHld,Sk hq.fha wkjr; Ôú;h iy urKh w;r /¢ igka ksid iajik úêl%u" Ndjkd iy pdß;% we;=,;a ;dka gd igka l,dj wdrïNh isÿúh' yqfhaka ,df,dka.a kñkao ye¢kafjk w;r th yqÿ mqyqKqjlg iy igka l=i,;djg jvd jeä huls' ;dka gd i;=j wNHka;r ^Ndjkdj" iajhx frdamKh iy wd;auh iy is; ms<sn| wjOdkfhka isàu& iy ndysr ^fN!;sl iy fi!LHuh& ixrpl wvx.= fõ'
iïNjh fuu hqoaO l,dfõ iïNjh ldkaf,amdla iy ófghs cd;sfha b;sydih iïNjh isÿùu olajd we§ hhs' kmqrg tfrysj igka lrkq ms‚i iy úfoaY wdl%uK j,ska ;u rdcHh wdrlaId lr .ekSu ms‚i ófghs cd;sh úiska ;dka gd l%uh bÈßhg f.k wdy' N+f.da,Sh wdikak;dj ksidu fuu l,dj nqreufhka ^wo ñhkaudrh& iy ;dhs,ka;fhka wd hqo l,djkaf.ka odhl;ajh ,eîh' flfiafj;;a" 1930 § ì%;dkH md,kh úiska ;dka gd ;ykï lsÍu;a iu.u th mßydksfha ri úkaodh' tys mqkreÊÔjkhla we;s jQfha bkaÈhdj ksoyi ,eîu;a iu.sks' t;eka mgka" fuu hqo l,d wdlD;sh uksmQrfha iEu ieureulu" W;aijhlu iy ixialD;sl biõjlu fldgila jQ w;r urKh m%;slafIam lrk iy W;alDIaG m%o¾Yk l=i,;d thska ksrEmKh úh'
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
mqyqKqj YsIHhd úiska kv;a;= l< hq;= oeä úkhla" kshu wdydr mqreÿ iy iqYS, pß;hla i|yd jk ffO¾hh w.hhka lsysmhla ;dka gd úiska wjfYdaIKh lr .kq ,en we;' idïm%odhg wkqj" wkq.dñlfhl= úiska .=rejrhdf.a ksjykg hd
;dka gd l,dj úYsIag meyeÈ,s lsÍï iys;j uksmQ¾ ys iEu ieureulu fldgila f,i l%shd;aul ù ;sfí
;dka gd fjkqfjka" w;s fm!rd‚l uksmQß ixialD;sh W.ekSu wkq.dñlfhl=g wksjd¾h fõ
hq;= jk w;r ;udg ;dka gd W.kajk f,i wheo isàu wjYH fõ' ms<s.kq ,enqjfyd;a" wkq.dñlhd úiska .=re fndaßNd ^.=rejrhdg f.!rj lsÍu& olaIsKd ^m~qre& ms§u u.ska iy lajd udre udkd ^nq,;a& iy flfi,a ms§u u.ska l< hq;=h' ;dka" fyda wism;a l,djg Yla;su;a .%yKhla" úysÿùula iy m%ydr t,a, lsÍula i|yd wfhl=f.a YÍrh ìug my;a lsÍu we;=,;a fõ' gd" fyda fy,a,fhka lrk fl<s l,djg oaú;aj wdlD;shlska YÍrh újD; lsÍu( wjldYhg úysÿùu W;af;ackh lsÍug wod< fkdkamdka.a iy ish¨u ÈYdj,ska <Õd ùug ìï uÜgfï§ fmd<j úysÿjd ,Su mrhd hdug W;aidy lsÍug wod< f,hsMd,a - f,i Bg we;=,;a fõ' fy,a,h Ndú; lsÍu YÍrfha my< Nd.fhka ishhg 75 la muK .kakd w;r;=r wism; Ndú;fha§ jeh jkafka YÍrfha by< Nd.fhka jk p,k j,ska ishhg 75 ls' ish¨u me;sj,ska YÍrhg t,a, jk
m%ydrj,g tfrysj wism; wdrlaIdj imhk w;r t;ekays ,d YÍrfha ish¨u myiqfjka ;=jd, úh yels fldgia wdjrKh lsÍug wg jeoEreï l=¿Kq nyq, f,i Ndú; flÍ we;' YsIHhd wú Ndú;fhka igka lsÍu ms<sn| ksmqK;dj w;alr .;a jydu" Tyqg idß;a irdla fyda Ydß;a Ydrdla jeks md myr" w;a myr iy fmdr ne§u we;=,;a wú rys; ;dlaIK úê W.kajkq ,efí' fuu hqo l,djg Yajik wNHdi" Ndjkd iy Y=oaO k¾;kdx. o we;=,;a fõ' flfiafj;;a" fy,sorõj ysÕlu fya;=idOl fldg f.k" fuu hqo l,djg we;af;a iSñ; ms<s.ekSuls' fmdfydi;a ixialD;sl Wreuhla iys;j" fuu igka l,d wdlD;sh" wo Èk olajd" úfoaY n,fõ. u.ska t,a,jqKq hgm;a lsÍï we;=¿j uksmQßfha wjxl;ajh mj;ajd f.k we;'
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Nsïfn;ald YsLr wvúh
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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YsLr l,d
lD; b;sydih
Nsïfn;ald mqrdúoHd;aul wvúh ukqIHhd iudc i;a;ajfhl= f,i úldYkh ùu úoyd olajk mßiudma; Njkla jk w;ru Tyqf.a b;sydih iuia;hla f,i f.k oelaùug iqÿiq ksOka .nvdjla f,i l%shd;aul fjhs joka iy PdhdrEm | iqkS;d l=ud¾
uOH m%foaYa ys rdhsfika Èia;%slalfha rdgdmdks jkÔù wNh N+ñfha mßY%h we;=,; Nsïfn;aldj msysgd ;sfí' hqfkiafldaj u.ska f,dal Wreuhla f,ig kï lr we;s Nsïfn;aldj widudkH yevhla .;a YsLr iuQyhlg ksjyk imhk w;r ñksidg ish ks¾udK fl!Y,Hh úod mdkakg is;=jï mqjrejla ks¾udKh lr § ;sfí' wE; isg n,k l,ays" fuu fYaI YsLr l=vd n,fldgqjla fia ks¾ñ; jk w;r th ke.S isák yd;ami fmfoig jvd óg¾ 100 la ;rï Wila .kS' tajd ishjia .Kkdjla mqrd iajNdj uQ,slhka fj;ska ,o m%n, ridhksl iy fN!;sl ld,.=K ;;a;aj fya;=fjka m%;sM,h jQ foa h' f,ka iy mdIdK Ldokfhka ìys jQ j,j,a ñksidg fijK ms‚i ia:dk iemhQ w;r;=r" fï YsLr wdlD;sh u; iu;,d u;=msgj,a Tyqf.a ks¾udK iycdYh i|yd Ñ;%Odrhla njg mßj¾;kh úh' fï ish¨u YsLr fYaI ùï ñksidg yqfolau mßl,amk Yla;sh m%o¾Ykh lsÍug úÑ;% j¾Kdj,shla iemhQjd muKla fkdj iudc i;a;ajfhl= f,i Tyqf.a úldYkh ke;akï mßKduh ine¢ l%shdj,sh úoyd mE fyhska b;sydi{hkg Tyqf.a l;dj tlaj .,md .kakg ksOka .nvdjla f,i l%shd;aul fjñka wk.s
iydhla ,nd ÿks' bkaÈhdkq mqrdúoHd iólaIKdh;khg wkqj" Nsïfn;aldfjys l< leŒï j,ska wkdjrKh jQfha miq fma,sfhd,s;sl hq.fha isg uOHld,Sk hq.h olajd udkj wrla .ekSu fuys iy;sl l< yels njhs' l<ska i|yka lrkakg fhÿKq hq.h j¾I 100000 l isg j¾I 40000 la olajd ld,hl fmr isg úysfok w;r fï ld, rduqj ;=< wrla .ekSu úiañ; f,i idlaIs .ekaù we;' fï m¾j; is;=jï w;ßka" udkj" i;a;aj rEm" jDlaI iy cHdñ;sl yev;,
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m¾j; ì;a;s u; we¢ is;=jï w;ßka ovhï lsÍu i|yd wr.,hl fhok whqre isg k¾;kh jeks ixialD;sl me;slv olajd mrdihla ksrEmKh lrhs
ksrEmKh flfrhs' m%dldruh u;=msfgys ksrEms; is;=jïj,ska ovhï lsÍfï wr.,fha isg k¾;kh jeks ixialD;sl l%shdldrlï olajd mrdihl ksrEms;hka oel .; yelsh' we;eï Ñ;%j,ska ovhu ms‚i fl<skau if;l= fj; Èjhk whqre ia:djr f,i olajd ;sfí' m¾j; is;=jï w;r fndfyda i;a;aj j¾. ish ia:dkh ;yjqre lr .kakd w;r ;d;aúl f,i fuu ia:dkhg iÔù njla tla lr fohs' cHdñ;sl ksrEmKj,ska vd úkaisf.a fla; iuQyhg iudk ix{d tl,ia lrhs' wv ljh" ;s;a bß" w;a i,l=Kq iy weÕs,s i,l=Kq w;r frdaoh iy úúO ljdldr ksrEms;h tys oel .; yelsh' b;sydi{hka tla ;eklg
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f.k wd udkj leghï lsh; ms<sn| fydavqjdjla fuys olakg ,efí' Ñ;% w;ßka we;eï tajd msg odrh iys;j muKla ksud fldg we;s w;r wfkl=;a tajd fyd¢ka mqrjk ,o iïmQ¾K Ñ;% fõ" tys§ tlaflda tajd rgd Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka fyda ke;akï msg; odrh yd iudk j¾Khlska msrùu lr ;sfí' r;= iy iqÿ meyehhka mqfrdadó j¾K jk w;r ks,a iy ly meyehhka Bg miqj Wmfhda.S lr we;' iajNdúl L‚c j¾K j;=frka fyda i;a;aj f;,ska ñY% fldg Ndú; lr we;s w;r fldagq len,sj,ska ilid .;a ;=kS mskai,a fhdod f.k we;' is;=jï w;ßka
fndyduhla iu;,d u;=msg j, ks¾udKh § fidhd .;a fuj,ï b;sydih iy ld,f¾Ldj flÍ we;s w;r;=r wfkl=;a iuyrla ie,lsh ms<sn| foia fohs' hq;= Wilska fldkaj, ;sfnkq fmfka" tajd is;=jï iuQyh ñksidf.a mßKduh ms<sn| fmfkkakg i,id we;af;a l,dlrejd Wia rEmSh jd¾;djla ifudaOdkh lrhs' we;eï is;=jï YsLrh u; isg f.k isák úg iy fkdfmkS hk j,ska Tyqj ksrEmKh lrkafka ovhïlrefjl= fõ,dj, lrk ,o lD;s f,i i,ijñks' fuu f,isks" .ia w;r weúÈk iy .ia k.sk bßhõ YsLr moaO;sh >k jkdka;rfhka jg ù" fuh fuys fõ' miqld,Sk is;=jï w;r Tyqj ksrEms; fidhd .ekSuu úiauhla f,i mkjñka ;ju;a ù we;af;a lr;a;hla mojkafkl= f,ih" th tys wdrlaIs;j we;' ld,h ms<sn| wk.s idlaIHhls' kuq;a Nsïfn;ald bkaÈhdkq mqrdúoHd YsLr l,dj tla wvúhlg jvd iólaIKdh;kfha jd¾;d wkqj" tmsgg hhs' Nsïfn;aldj fylaghdr Nsïfn;aldfõÈ 1888 § ví,sõ' lskaldhsâ úiska 1892 la mqrd úisÍ we;s wvú fidhd .;a “Nsïfn;a lkao” fNdaÊmQ¾ jejg mylska tlla muKla jk w;r fuj,ï úreoaO miska msysá fn!oaO wdikak jYfhka ta w;r m¾j; b;sydih iy wvúhla f,i ye¢kaùula lr jdiia:dk 700 la fõ' thska 400 ld,f¾Ldj ;snQ w;r m;%sldjl m< lr we;' l muK is;=jï oelSu we;af;kau ms<sn| foia fohs ieneúkau .fõIKh lsÍu wdrïN is; l<Ujk jQfha wdpd¾h úIaKq jdlkd¾ f.a ldrKhls' jydu iïm%dma;sh;a iu.sks' hqfrdamfha pdu,a ksïkfha we;s mßo¾Ykhkag tmsáka" YsLr l,dlD;s ms<sn| .fõIKhla lr we;s YsLr l,dlD;s wvú f¾Ldjla" úoajf;l= f,i" wdpd¾h jdlkd¾ jrla fuu l÷.egj,ska fjka ù" jkdka;rh l,dmhg ÿïßfhka meñK we;' N+ o¾Ykfha iy l=Uqre wiafia .s,S ;sfí" iudk nj olsñka" Tyq ;u .uk mil ;nd fndamd,a wi, YHdï,d l÷lrh fuu woaú;Sh YsLr ks¾ñ;h fidhd .;s' b;sß ;=<g ieneúkau Èj hhs' fuu wjä yßh b;sydihg tla jQ l;djls' jirlg miqj f,aLk.; lr we;s kuq;a" msúiSu Tyq fuys kej; wdfhah' ta YsIH lKavdhula ÿIalr jk fyhska" wd.ka;=lhka o iu.sks' úia;rd;aul iólaIK jd¾;djla w;f<diaila úiska muKla oel ms<sfh, flreKq w;r th 1970 .Kka jk ;=re we;' ks¾Nh kuq;a iq¿ msßila fkd;ld yer ;sì‚" wk;=rej .fõIKd;aul ñksidf.a fï uyÕ= ksOdkh oel ld¾hh ksis Wkkaÿj iys;j wdrïN úh' fuys .ekSug tys .shy'
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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N
m%.;sh
th .%emsla ud¾.sl
is;shïlrKhg hhs
bkaÈhdkq jkÔù wNh N+ñ j, j¾Kj;a fukau fmdfydi;a ksrEmK" .%emsla is;shï Tnj wdl¾IŒh oDYH ixpdrhlg f.k hhs joka | fkydßld ud;+¾ isxyd
wreKdp,a m%foaYa ys mdlafla fldá ixrlaIs;h iys;j .%yKh lr f.k we;' w,sfhl= iy BidkÈ. bkaÈhdfõ weiEï ys udkdia we;=¿j i;a;ajhkaf.a wêl;ajh iys;j cd;sl WoHdkh ieneúkau rdclSh úN+;shla ks¾udKh lrk kjuq wkkH;djla ,sÅ;j w;r md,dia u;aiH ovhlaldr Èkd .;a w;r wjÈu;a nfõ Wl=iaid mshd úodhdug iQodkñka ish¨u úlg ish¨u uÜgï j¾Okh lrk miqfõ" Tn m%dfoaYSh ck;dj pß; jkÔù tlla f,ig m;aù we;' fuu ffoksl wdhdilr jev iy ldgQka Ys,amS wNhN+ñ foflys rEmSh jYfhka foaYSh we÷ïj,ska ieriS isákq frdydka pl%j¾;s fmdfydi;a is;shï bkaÈhdkq olskafkysh' —is;shï u; .%emsla úiska ks¾udKh jkÔù Ndrh u.ska wêldßh Ndú;h ;=<" wmg WoHdkfha lr we; ,en" b;d uE;§ Èh;a lrk ffcjúúO;ajh fukau ck;dj ,§' m<uq oelafukau" WoHdk iy ixialD;sh úoyd oelaùug msßie,iqu meyeÈ,sh - .x.d" we,fod," yels jk w;r" WoHdkh jgd Ôj;ajk l÷.eg iy i;=ka .yfld< iy tajdfha m%cdjka fuu ffcjúúO;ajh ixrlaIKfha .yK" ish,a,u §ma;su;a úia;rd;aul Ndjhla ,d úYd,;u fldgia lrejka jk neúka
Èúhd
weiEï ueldlshq
fnx.d, *af,dßlka
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Forest Department/Anti-poaching Camp Threatened/Vulnerable/Endangered Fauna Indo-Bhutanese Border Park Boundary Water Body Grassland
MANAS NATIONAL PARK
ASSAM
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ARUNACHAL PRADESH PAKKE TIGER RESERVE
Forest Department/Anti-poaching Camp Village Core Area Boundary Threatened / Vuluerable / Endangered Fauna
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w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uy;df.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;=" kj bkaÈhdkq rcfha rdcH ;dka;%sl .uk" foaYhg iy tys ck;djg ish whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka jk wkq.%yhls joka | udksIa pdkaoa
mo.;d¾:fhka th ueÈhï /fha ksoyila úh' ueÈhu miql< nj fydard h;=f¾ igyka jQ jydu ^cQ,s 31 - wf.daia;= 1&" kj Wodjla u.ska" Tjqkf.a wjqreÿ 68 la mqrd ÈjqKq foaYiSud w¾nqoh wjidkhlg m;a lrñka" bkaÈhdj iy nx.a,dfoaYh m%cdfjka fjka jQ ck fldgila ;ukaf.a hhs lSug bÈßm;a ùu ksñ;s fldg f.k l=vd ¥m;a u; Èú f.jQ oyia .Kka ckhd wjêfhka m%S;su;a lrùh' m%cdfjka fjka jQ ckfldgia w;ßka 51000 lg wdikak irKd.; ìï 162 l Èú f.jQ forgg wh;a ck;djla kj Ôú;hl iy Wodr;ajhl myi ú¢ñka fmdfrdkaÿ uia;lm%dma;j i;=gq jQy' mßj¾;kSh rdcH ;dka;%sl Ndjhka ;j;a rgla iu. iïnkaO;dj j, ;dkh iy wka;¾.;h fjkia
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lsÍu ms<sn|j jkafka kï" idudkH ck;djf.a Ôú; u; iam¾YkSh n,mEu iu." fuu mßj¾;kSh fudfyd;" kj wjia:d iu.ska Èÿ,k tlla úh' nx.a,dfoaYh iu. fN!ñl foaYiSud .kqfokqj bkaÈhdkq rcfha úYd, Wmdh ud¾.sl oelafï fldgila jQ w;r wdikak;u wi,ajdishd iu. ish iïnkaO;d mßj¾;kh lsÍu" w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä uy;df.a ux mdok uQ,drïNh iu.ska wdrïNj" kjÈ,a,f s ha § miq.h s jif¾ mj;ajkakg fhÿKq ish Èjqreï §fï W;aijfha § idla rgj, kdhlhkag wdrdOkd lsÍu ;=<k s a úoHudk jkakg úh' t<UqKq udij,§" wNsfhda. .Kkdjla bÈßfha ;sfnk kuq;"a bkaÈhdkq rdcH ;dka;l s% Ndjfha ks¾jpkSh w;alr .ekSï rdYshla tys m¾hka;fha ;sì‚( fkamd,h"
Y%, S xldj iy nx.a,dfoaYh iu. bkaÈhdfõ iïnkaO;d mßj¾;khlg n÷ka ù we;s w;r by< ;,hlg Tijd we;" th úfoaY lghq;= wud;H iqIñ a ;d iajrdÊ uy;añh yeÕSï Wmojk mßÈ i|yka lrk wkaoug mßj¾;kSh rdcH ;dka;l s% Ndjfha —uQ,drïN lsÍu" mßl,amkh iy ;Sj; % dj ms<n s | kejqï idrh Wrd .ekSula— nj" fidanudk f,i ilia l< fmd;a msxpla u.ska h<s ke.S isák bkaÈhdfõ úfoaY m%;m s ;a;h s ms<n s | oelau iy Ndr;Sh ck;d mlaIh fufyhjk cd;sl m%cd;ka;j % d§ rcfha m<uq jir ms<n s | ,shejqKq mßÈ" th úfoaY wud;HdxY fjí wvúfhka ,o yelsh" [http://mea.
lrkjd úh yelsh" kuq;a m%;sM, ish;aju l;d lrhs" ;jo foaYfha uQ,sl Wmdh ud¾.sl yjq,alrejka" tlai;a ckmoh" reishdj" cmdkh iy Ökh" we;=¿j iïnkaO;dj, W;ap,kh u.ska ms<sìUq úh" ;jo ta f,dalfha m%Odk n, ia:dk iu. iïnkaO;dj, ia:dhS;dj iy j¾Okh iu.sks' nyq tfl,s lsÍula flf¾ ishqïj iqixhu lrk ,o m%;sm;a;shla ;=<" bkaÿ - tlai;a ckmo iïnkaO;dj tys l<ska WNhdfõ.sl;dj fijfKa miq.sh mia udih we;=,; m<uq j;djg flreKq kdhlhka f.a oaú md¾Yaúl ixpdr u.ska w;alr .ekSula olakg ,enq‚' gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/25299_2365_1_English_ iudkdldrfhka" wdishdkq Y; j¾Ihla ms<sn| isyskh final__2_.pdf (English) and http://mea.gov.in/Uploads/ .Dyia: k.r rdcH ;dka;%sl Ndjh iu.ska Ökh iu. PublicationDocs/25299_FINAL_MEA_ bkaÈhdfõ mßjrKh lrk ,o iïnkaO;d BOOK_-_HINDI.pdf (Hindi)] and on iy kj udihla we;=,; by< me;slv th rdcH ISSUU [http://issuu.com/indiandiplomacy/ kdhlhkaf.a ixpdr iu.ska jvd;a ienE mßj¾;kSh docs/pdf-_english (English) and http:// njg m;ajkq olakg ,eì‚' kef.kysr ;dka;%sl Ndjfha issuu.com/indiandiplomacy/docs/pdf-_hindi foi n,kak m%;sm;a;sh kef.kysr f,i m%fudaou;a (Hindi)]. mQ¾j l%h s dldÍ bkaÈhdkq rdcH l%shd lrkak m%;sm;a;sh f,ig l%ñlj jirla úh ;dka;l s% Ndjfha msk; a r + h fmd;a msxp fjkia jk w;r" wdishdka iy kef.kysr u.ska ;Sj% f,i ujd mEug iu;a ù wdishdkq l,dmfha rgj,a iu. fj<|dfï" we;" f.da,h S uÜgfï rgj,a 101 la iu.ska ixpdr" wdfhdackfha" jHjidhfha iy Èkqu-Èkqu wjia:d fonia" uxfm;a idok uQ,drïNhka we;slrk rdcH cd,hla ;=<" kejqï oelaula iy bkaÈhdj flf¾ ;dka;l s% ;ajh iy ixj¾Okh iu.ska kjÈ,a,h s NjH .;sl;ajhla u.ska taldnoaO;djh we;slrk ksr; ù isà' tlla úh' ngysr foi n,kak m%;sm;a;sh ishqï jkq —ckk w¾:fhka" th mßj¾;kSh rdcH ;dka;%sl iy w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a m%xY iy c¾uka ixpdrj,§ Ndjfha m%fudaou;a jirla úh" kj lvbï iy ;Sj% m%ldYkhla lrkq Èiaúh" Tjqka bkaÈhdfõ uQ,sl laIs;sch f¾Ld u.ska iksgqyka l< tlla úh hqfrdamSh Wmdh ud¾.sl yjq,alrejka fofofkl= fjhs' wka;¾cd;sl ;,h ;=< bkaÈhdjg w;alr .; yelafla ngysr wdishdj iu. bkaÈhdfõ nyqúO iïnkaO;d" l=ulao thg Tijd ;nk tlla úh"— fmd;a msxfÉ ñ,shk y;la Yla;su;a bkaÈhdkq vhiafmdardjg fmrjok ,shk wud;Hjßh mjihs' ixYhjd§ka ksjyka imhk w;r fmr ljodlg;a jvd ia:djr ieuúgu f;areula ke;sfoa ujd f.k m%Yak we;s f,i l%shd;aul jkakg úh'
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isg isx.mamQrej olajd" iy wäia wndnd isg gIalkaÜ olajd" fuu fm!rd‚l fhda.S is;l iy YÍrhl cd;sl m%cd;ka;%jd§ ikaOdk rcfha fojk jir uysuh ms<sn| mßph ;=< f.da,Sh Wkkaÿj wjHdc jvd;a fmdfrdkaÿ ckkh lrk tlla f,i Èiafjhs" f,i ms<sìUq lrñka ieureï ilia ù ;sì‚' jvd;a ksjerÈj bkaÈhdfõ ke.S tk f.da,Sh me;slv bÈßh foi n,ñka" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl iy tys yrhd;aul ixj¾Ok m%uqL;d foig l,dmfha uKa v,fha ks;H wiqkla i|yd jk bkaÈhdfõ uqLH jeo.;alu b,lal .; lrhs' cQ,s udifha § ms m dih fuu jif¾ iema;eïnrfha f.da,Sh flreKq fudaä uy;df.a mxp uOHu wdishdkq rdcH wdh;kfha 70 jk ieureu wjia:dfõ§" kej; ixpdrfha § - bkaÈhdkq kdhlfhl= úiska ljr w¿;a jQ ;,a¨jla iu.ska ,nd .ekSug Èkl fyda l< m<uq ixpdrh - Iekaydhs wfmalaIdfjka miqfjhs' 2015 bkaÈhdkq iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkfha idudðl rgla bka È hdkq rdcH ;dka;%sl Èk o¾Ykfha WÉp f,i bkaÈhdj we;=,;a lr .ekSu Wmdh rdcH ;dka ; % s l wjia:dj meyeÈ,sju bkaÿ - wm%sldkq ud¾.sl f,i msysgqï ,o n,Yla;sfhka Èk o¾Ykfha ixio iuq¿fõ ;=kajk iuq¿jg fmdfydi;a l,dmh iu. nyq idOl WÉp;u bkaÈhdfõ i;aldrh msßkeóu jk ne£ï kej; jeo.;a lrñka kj wjia:d wjia : dj bka ÿ w;r tk Tlaf;danrfha § iuq¿j kj újD; lr,Sh' kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j Èh;a wm% s l dkq ixio È,a,sfha § uq¿ fokq we;' th bkaÈhdfõ lsÍu" tys m%Odk;ajh f,i bkaÈhdkq iuq ¿ j jkq we; úldYkSh iïnkaO;dj, mßj¾;kSh nexl=jla iu." ì%laia ys iudfhdackh wjia:djla jkq we;s w;r h<s ke.S i|yd 10 jeoEreï iQ;%h bÈßm;a lsÍu" isák iïm;ska wdVH uydoaùmfha cd;Ska mQ¾j l%shdldÍ bkaÈhdkq rdcH ;dka;%sl Ndjh Woa§ma; 54 l kdhlhka fjkqfjka m<uq j;djg bkaÈhdj lrk w;r th bÈß j<,a, ;,a¨ lsÍug udk n,ñka i;a l dr imhhs ' úfoa Y wud;H iqIañ;d iajrdÊ miqfjhs" jvd;a wka;¾.; f,dal l%uhla i|yd jk uy;a ñ h w;s Y fhda l a ; sfhka fkdj ¥ro¾YSj ,shñka( ish msmdih ikais÷jd .ekSfï wruqfKks' bkaÈhdfõ —t<fUk udij,§ iy jirj,§ jvd;a l¾IKhla iqug n,h u,aM, .kajñka" uq,au wka;¾cd;sl fhda. iy wkq k dohla w;a l r .ekS ug bkaÈhdfõ mßj¾;kSh Èk ieureïj,§ f.da,Sh m%;s{djla yuq úh' lhsfrda rdcH ;dka ; % s l Ndjh wfma l aIfjka miqjkak"— kqjr isg Ñldf.daj olajd" iy kd.amQ¾ isg ksõfhdala hkq f jka i|yka lrñka is h woyia m< l<dh' olajd" fgdalsfhda isg fudialõ olajd" idfjda fmdaf,da
rdIag%m;s Njka ys§ kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d 15 jk bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrhd f,i Èjqreï fohs
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fhda. f,dal mka;sh iïnkaO lrhs fhda. yqfolau wdik ms<sn|j fkdfõ' th wd;auh iy YÍrh w;r lÈu ;=,khla f.k tk wdOHd;añlNdjh ms<sn| úoHdjhs' m<uq fhda. ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl Èkh ^cqks 21& f,dalh mqrd iurkq ,enQ wdldrh ms<sn| Woa§ma;hka /ils fï
kjÈ,a,sfha rdÊmd;a ys§ kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d fhda. j, kshef,hs
A US national performing yoga Yoga is a metaphor for life. You have to take it really slowly. You can’t rush... It is a workout for your mind, your body and your soul MADONNA
It don’t just make us happier and healthier, they’re a proven competitive advantage for any business that wants one. ARIANNA HUFFINGTON
Yoga calms me down. It’s a therapy session, a workout, and meditation all at the same time! JENNIFER ANISTON
The whole thing about meditation and yoga is about connecting to the higher part of yourself, and then seeing that every living thing is connected in some way GILLIAN ANDERSON
As a longtime yoga practitioner, I have experienced the positive impacts of yoga on my own life TUSLI GABBARD
Two Israelis try a difficult asana in Tel Aviv Mindful meditation has been discovered to foster the ability to inhibit those very quick emotional impulses DANIEL GOLEMAN
Ashtanga yoga has completely changed me. I try to do it every day, and the effect is amazing. It’s not just during the hours that I’m practising. It’s about how it filters through into the rest of my life. Who I am has emerged, and everything else has gone by the wayside GWYNETH PALTROW
Yoga is the fountain of youth. You’re only as young as your spine is flexible BOB HARPER
Yoga and meditation are such a more substantial reality than what we normally take to be reality RICHARD GERE
I walked away feeling fuller .... full of hope, a sense of contentment, and deep joy. OPRAH WINFREY
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fí%,a l%ufhka
fhda.sldiamd¾Ya" fí%,a l%ufhka tk iam¾YSh w;afmd;ls" oDYHuh jYfhka wdndê; fhda. i|yd Wkkaÿjkakkag myiqfjka wdik yeoEÍug Woõ lsÍug b,lal lrhs
oDYHuh jYfhka wdndê; Ndjhg m;a Wmldr lrhs' úfYaI ;dmm%fudaÈ; lvodishl mqoa.,hkag fhda. yeoEÍug iy mqreÿ mqyqKq b,smamqKq rEmigyka iys;j f;areï .ekSug myiq lsÍug Wmldr lsÍug" bkaÈhdkq Wreu iudch wdldrhlg iam¾YSh wkqjdoh ilia lrkq ,en uE;l§ fhda.sldiamd¾Ya y÷kajd fok ,§" th ;sfí' fuu fmdf;ys wka;¾.; iam¾YSh .%emsla fí%,a l%ufhka tk iam¾YSh w;afmd;ls' kï rEmK iam¾YSh .%emsla i|yd jk uOHia:dkh oerE bfhka.¾ fhda. .=rejrfhl= jk ksfõÈ;d u.ska ixj¾Okh lrk ,o ;dlaIKh Ndú; fcdaYs úiska kjÈ,a,sfha wka;¾cd;sl fhda. mqyqKq lrñka ksmojd we;" È,a,sfha wka;¾cd;sl fhda. wdh;kfha úoHd{hkaf.a wdh;kh fí%,a ksmhqu lrk iyfhda.h we;s rpkd lrk w;r;=r iudfhdackh lf<a ,o" fuu fmdf;ka wfmalaId idlaIdï Ndrh u.sks' lrkafka f,dalh mqrd bkaÈhdkq fí%,a lvodis oDYHdndê; ì,shkhla muK ixialrKh remsh,a 800 jk ck;djg Wmldr lsÍuhs' lg ñ, lr we;s w;r fhda.sldiamd¾Ya" bkaÈhdfõ wka;¾cd;sl ixialrKh ckdêm;s" wdpd¾h m%kdí weußldkq fvd,¾ 40 lg ñ, uql¾ð uy;d úiska rdIag%m;s lr we;" fhda.sldiamd¾Ya hkq Njka ys§ cqks uq, § ksl=;a mdGlhka fhda.S úkh iys;j lsÍug fhÿ‚' tu wjia:dj ud¾f.damfoaY imhkq i|yd wu;ñka" Tyq —fhda. hkq jk m%h;akhls' tys bfhka.¾ wd;audjfndaOh w;alr l%uhg wkqj jk wdik .ekSug YÍrh" uki iy j,ska iukaú;hs' oDYHuh wd;auh ;=< jk n,h jYfhka wNsfhda.hg ,la jQ tald.%;djlg f.k taug mqoa.,hkaf.a wjYH;d isysfha ksfõÈ;d fcdaYs Wmldr jk l,djls" úoHdjls" ;nd .ksñka tieK ksujqu iy úis ka rÑ; fmd; tfukau o¾Ykhls' th iuyr úg wkql%uK .; lsÍu ksu fldg we;' u.ska wfmalaId mqoa.,fhl=f.a fN!;sl" udkisl" fhdojd .kq ,en we;s ;dlaIK flfrkafka ì,shk ffO¾huh iy wdOHd;añl úê j,ska b,lal flfrkafka .Kkla oDYHuh hymeje;au we;slrk iïmQ¾K mqyqKq lrkakdf.a úYajdih" l%ñl jYfhka wdndê; ms<s;=rla fok tlu ud¾.h úh kuq;a l%udkql+, m%.;sh lrd mqoa.,hkag Wmldr yelshs"— hkqfjka mejiSh' fufyhfjñka" iy ish,a,g by<ska" lsÍuhs fuu ud¾f.damfoaYlh" fí%,a p,kh iy ia:dhSNdjh lrd hduhs' iy iam¾YSh uqøK moaO;shlska wd;audjfndaOh" udkj Ôú;fha ksujk ,ÿj" Ñ;%K iy fm< f¾Ld Tiafia wjidk b,lalh" lrd fufyhjk fhda.S .ukla hñka fhda. mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍug mßYS,lhkag ms<sn| ye¢kaùula tu.ska fiajdlrKh flfrhs'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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iudf,dapkh
bkaÈhka yuqod Nghka
yd uyd ix.%duh
úkdä 51 jd¾;d jev igyk" uyd ix.%duh ^1914-1918&" úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha fmdÿ rdcH ;dka;%sl ueÈy;a úfuka" 1 jk uyd ix.%duh yd ine¢ iuyr ÿ¾,N lreKq fy<sorõjlg uq,mqrhs joka | ksYdkaÜ jYsYa;d
1914 yd 1918 w;r;=r 1 jk f,dal ix.%duh ksid lghq;= l< whqre wd§ jYfhks' fuu jd¾;dfjys f,dalhu wjdikdjka; yd úkdYhl .s,S.sh nj hqfrdamh fukau wjidkfha§ f,dalhu Nhdklu ieufokdu okakd lreKls' tfy;a flfkl= yg hqoaOhlg u. mE¥ Tiaá%hdfjys *%dkaia *¾äkekaâ 1 jk f,dal ix.%dufha bkaÈhka yuqod Ng msßia kdhl wdÈmdo >d;kh bj;alr we;' fuys úia;r bgql< ld¾hNdrh ms<sn| ;jÿrg;a oek.ekSug iemhSfuys" ^úY%dñl& fckrd,a ùfla isxka.a" wjYH fõ kï" iSñ; idOl m%udKhla b;sßù we;' flaiS hdfoaõ" fu.aydkaâ foaidhs W;=udKka" 1 jk f,dal ix.%dufha bkaÈhka yuqod Ng msßia uydpd¾h iq.;d fndia" ^úY%dñl& lms;dka bgq l< iyNd.s;ajh ms<sn| jvd;a oek.ekSug wußkao¾ .s,a" fjÈld ldkaÜ" uydpd¾h iageka,s" wjYH fõ kï" Tyq bIdks o;a;df.a 2 jk uydrdÊ .dÊ iska.a yd ;j;a úkdä 51 l jd¾;duh jev igyk fndfyda fokd iïmQ¾Kfhkau kerôh hq;=uh' fuu Ñ;%mgh fhÿky' fuu jd¾;d jev igykg miqìï ix.S; iïnkaO;d f.dv k.kqfha hqoaOhg ì%;dkH cd;slhka lsysm fofkl=o úyakh yd iyNd.S jQ bkaÈhka yuqod Nghka we;=¿j Ôú; mß;Hd.fhka lghq;= l:kh i|yka ,shk ,o ,sms weiqß‚' tajdhska wmg l< whf.ka mejf;kakkaf.ka lr we;s lreKq Tjqka uqyqK ÿka .ukdka; ia:dk.; Wmqgd.;a mdGo wka;¾.; lr we;' yd o¾Yk j, lsÍïo" uqyqK ÿka úúO wNsfhda.hkao fuys úfYaIfhka lemS fmfkkqfha W!kmQrKhla lshfõ' fuu jD;a;dka;h bkaÈhdkq n¾,skfha isá bkaÈhdkq hqO isÿ lrhs odhl;ajh úhukla f,i olajkqfha isrlrejl= iE¥ ÿ¾,N msx;+r yd wo fin¨kaf.a fj,| ksoyi kej; jk;=re;a ixrlaIs;j we;s Tjqkf.a ;u rgg f.k taug iyNd.s ùfï leue;a;" y~j, uQ,sl má.; lsÍïh' ks¾NS; isÿùï yd lemlsÍï ms<sn| l:d" ,nd.;a fuu jd¾;d jev igyk uyd ix.%dufha molalï yd hqoafOdaml%u hk foj¾.hu" fukau bkaÈhka yuqod Ng msßiays odhl;ajh ms<sn| bkaÈhka yuqod Nghka Tjqkf.a wod< me;s j,ska l=;=y,fhka fidhk mqoa.,hka yg oekqï ;nd .ekSug ñ;% yuqod yd ;%súO ikaOdk.; yuqod .nvdjla fia fiajh lrhs
jd¾;d Ñ;%mgfha oiqka
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
bjqï msyqï
W;aijY%Shg
ld,hhs
th m%S;s W;aij ld,h jk w;r m%S;s ùug fyd|u wldrh Tnf.a ridxl=r j,g m%KS; wdydrmdk j,ska ix.%y lsÍuhs' fufia msisuq''' rdfihsod¾ wÆ
rdfihsod¾ wÆ ieliSfï ld,h úkdä 20¦ msiSfï ld,h úkdä 30-40¦ 4 fofkl=g m%udKj;a fõ wjYH øjH ;ïnd fldgq lemQ w¾;dm,a ls.%E1" W¿yd,a fïi ye¢ 4" iqÿre weg fïi ye¢ 1" úh<s r;= ñßia lr,a 2" úh<ss l=re÷ fld< 1" l¨ lr|uqx.= 2" .ïñßia weg 5-6" lrdnqkeá 3-4" 1˜ l=re÷ lene,a,la" fyd¢ka lene,s lr.;a bÕ=re 1˜ lene,a,la" fld< meye;s ñßia fm;s folla" ly l=vq fïi ye¢ 1" r;= ñßia l=vq fïi ye¢ 1" fld;a;u,a,s l=vq fïi ye¢ 1" ri wkqj ¨Kq" f,,s .id" lene,s lr.;a" ñY% lr.;a ;lald,s f.ä 4" fhda.Ü fldamam 3$4" fiñka l,jï lr.;a c,h wjYH muK yd ieriSug lmd.;a fld;a;u,a,s fld< fïi ye¢ 1 idok ms<sfj< idiamdklg f;,a oud r;a lrkak' W¿yd,a yd iQÿre tl;= lrkak" úh<s r;= ñßia lr,a" úh<s l=re÷ fld<" l¨ lr|uqx.=" .ïñßia weg" lrdnqkeá" l=re÷ lene,a, tl;= lrkak" iqj| yuk ;=re l=l=,a uia ksú;s jHxckh
neo.kak' bÕ=re" ñßia" ly l=vq" fld< meye;s ñßia " fld;a;u,a,s l=vq" ¨Kq l=vq tl;= lrkak' ;;amr 3040 ye¢.dkak' ;lald,s tl;= lr f;,a u;=msgg tk ;=re isis,a lrkak' w¾;dm,a yd fhda.Ü tl;= lrkak' uo .skafkys úkdä myla nd.hg ;ïnd .kak' biau j, .klu jeä lsÍug w¾;dm,a fmdälr" wjYH muKg c,h tl;= lrkak' wdjrKh lr úkdä 10-15 uo .skafkys ;nkak' WKqiqïju ix.%y lrkak'
l=l=,a uia ksú;s jHxckh ms<sfh< lsßfï ld,h úkdä 10¦ msiSfï ld,h meh 1¦ ix.%y lsßu 4 fofkl=g wjYH øjH len,s 8-12 lemQ l=l=,a uia ls.%E 1" len,s l, ksú;s .%Eï 250" fld< meye;s ñßia ;Sre 2" c,h fldamam 1" f;,a fïi ye¢ 2" iqÿ ÆKq ;,mh fïiye¢ 1" bÕ=re ;,mh fïiye¢ 1" ¨Kq fïiye¢ 2 idok ms<sfj< ksú;s yd fld< meye;s ñßia mSvk Wÿk ;=,g oukak' c,h tl;= lr ,sm ;nd mSvkh ,ndfokak' úkdä 10 uo riakfhka msi .kak' isis,a lr mshk újD; lrkak' ksú;s f.dfrdaiqjg ñY% jk ;=re fmdä lrñka ye¢.dkak' idiamdkg f;,a oud r;a lr" iqÿ ÆKq yd bÕ=re ;,mhka iqj| yuk ;=re yd rkajka meyehg yefrk ;=re neo.kak' l=l=,a uia yd ¨Kq tl;= lr uo f;f,ys" l=l=,a uia rkajka ÿUqre meyehg yefrk ;=re neo .kak' ksú;s tl;= lr" idiamdk ;Èka wdjrKh lr l=l=,a uia uDÿ jk;=re yd f;,a u;=msgg tk;=re msi.kak' biau ys÷Kq ksú;s l=l=,a uia yd ;Èka iú ù we;' WKqiqïju ms<s.kajkak' wkq.%yh( mqÿudldr rihka( w;=re lEu" Wiia f;a" uOHidr ñY% mdk" bjqï msyqï fmd;a ud,dfjka fldgils' úfoaY lghq;= ^wud;HxYfha& jks;d ix.uh" kj È,a,sh
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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bjqï msyqï
idudkH lEu j¾.
ms<sn| w;súfYaI l:d
lsÉä isg lS¾ f;la o mßmamq isg y,ajd iy f;a olajdu" wms Tnj bkaÈhka rih msreKq lEu j¾. ms<sn|j ieliQ rdclShhka muKgu idudkH jeishkao rifhka - —ikijk— .ukla Tiafia f.k hkafkuq joka | uOq,sld odYa
bkaÈhdkq uq¿;ekaf.h rihkaf.a id.rhla jk w;ru lEu msiSfï ;dlaIKh" f,dalh i;=" úúO wjia:djka i|yd" úia;r lrkqfha —újD;ju ri Wmojk—" —b;d m%sh .%dóh—" yd —úis;=re l< rdclSh jQ— wd§ mo j,sks' ;jo" flfkl=g rdclSh jd¾la ^ߧ T;kh& .,jd bj;a lsÍug isÿjqjfyd;a yd bkaÈhdfõ lEu ljf¾o" hkak ne¨jfyd;a" flfkl=
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
tu jÜfgdare j, ir,nj ms<sn| mqÿu yasf;kq we;' fïjd fyd|u wmkhkhka jk w;r úfoaYhkag n,mEï l< lEu j¾. lsysmhla fõ' lS¾ l=ùkaia,ka;hg meñ‚fha n;a mqäula f,iska jk w;r th ú,shï fYalaiamsh¾f.a m%sh;u lEu j,ska tlla jQ nj Tyqf.a úkag¾ia fÜ,a l:d fmdf;a i|yka lr we;'
Tn oekisáhdo@ lsÉä rdïmQ¾ ud<s. fha ix.%yhg meñ‚fha wdukaâ fhdod n;a yd msiagd f,i leghï lr od,a fuka iudk wdydrhla f,isks' fojk whl=f.a Wmldrhla fkdue;sj fuu jHxckh ms<sfh, lsÍug meh 72 .; jk w;r -kjdí j,g mjd fufiahæ lsÉä ksrka;rfhka mdfya yskaÿ niska ßfidafgda f,i iamd[a{ keúhka úiska y÷kajd we;
lsÉä wland¾ úiska wdorh lrk ,o yd rdclSh wjkay,a j,ska nhsia fn,af, nd;a wjqrka.afií úiska mQcd lrkq ,enQ" th wdldrfhka meñfKk ksidïf.a lSud we,ï.S¾" f,i y÷kajkq ,nk lsÉä yd W;=re bkaÈhdfjys w;r lsÉä wdhQ¾¾fõofha — fmdka.,a f,isks' whska-whsmßmQ¾K wdydr fõ,— jYfhka wlandß ;=<" wíÿ,a *id,a olajk ir, wdydr ie,fla' la¾idrd hk ixialD; f,i wland¾ bvfokq ,enQ úfoaYSh jpkfhka iïNjh ,nd" *fgya*q,a islaßys uq¿;ekaf.hs jHxckj,g lsÑä jHjydrh ksid —fuâ,s— lsÉäys ieliSï j¾. y;ls' tu fndfyda n,mEï jYfhka ks¾ñ; frdaiaÜ lrk lsÉä nød yd gdÍ j,ska idokq l< fyd|u ,o yd fmd;= bj;a lrk ,o ,nk" fidahs;d u; Èk.Kka wmkhk fõ ;, ng¾ yd ¨Kq" ñY%Khg fomhska weú§fuka fkdkeiS tl;= lr wk;=rej th n;a isák rdÊmqgdkd hqoaO yuqodfõ iuÕ ;eïîu lrñka idokq ,efí' rcjre Yla;sfhys wdydrfhys f,io ye¢kafõ' yd /ðks jre fuu §is j,g ukdm jQ w;r" wjdâ rcjre tys kj ixialrKhla f,i lsÉä jvd;a úoyd oelafjkqfha Y; j¾I uia iuÕ fYdwd,a yd l=É" lsÉä ks¾udKh ;=klg fmr ñiqreys fjdfvhd¾ ud<s.dfjys olajd we;'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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bjqï msyqï
od,a 3 jk fidafïiajrd rcq" Tyqf.a uekfid,a,id fmdf;ys" mqrdK rdclSh wdydr jÜfgdare w;r" od,a j,g m%Yxid lrkqfha —rih okjk msiSfuys iqj| — tkï th tl;= l, fyda thska iE¥ ´kEu lEu j¾.hlg m%ikak iqj|la yd rihla ,ndfok wdydrh hkqfjks' .%Sisfhys l=udßldj fyf,akd yd pkaø.=ma;a fu!¾hdf.a ux.,a,h jk w;f¾" wdydr f,aLkfha lemSfmkqk pdkd od,a miqj m%isoaO ´§Idf.a .=.=ks W;af;ackhg m;alr we;' tfiau ld,s od,a miqj od,a uldyaks
njg l%ufhka m;aù we;' flfia jqj;a" pdkd od,a ;j;a úúO od,a j¾. fj; mkaÉud,a od,a we;=,;aj miqj iïnkaO jQ nd;s yd pq¾ud rdcia:dkfhys iïmQ¾K wdydrhla iE§ug fhduql,d fukau fudrondÈ od,a" uq.ay,a yd wjdoa rc ueÿre folgu rij;anj ,ndÿks' wdYd we;slrk fldl=ï-rie;s od,a wjidkfha§ idïnd¾ j,g uQ,sl jq nj úYajdi lrkqfha";j;a o,aud jeks od,ays jHq;amkakhka" mQß j, TëId wdY%ufhys i,l=K fõ'
Tn oekisáhdo@ bkaÈhdfõ fndfyda od,a jÜfgdare j, ;lald,s wka;¾.; ù fkdue;s jkqfha od,a mej;sfha mqrdK ffjÈl hq.fha isg hk lreK m%ldY lsÍug idlaIs ork f,isks' pdkd od,a ir, jÜfgdare mjd W;aij wjia:dj, wuq;a;kag wdydr f,i ix.%yhg fhÈ‚
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
Tn oekisáhdo@ laykaidvd fn.ï idokqfha frdai fm;s j,ska w,xldr l< layS¾" l<ska fmdÕjd.;a yd msá l< yd,a yd wka;¾.; lr yd uq‚jrhkaf.a W;aijfha§ fldgila f,i .ekSugh' fuu jHxckh ,ndfok i;=g b;d by< fõ' .x.d rdc jxYh" layS¾ yl=re j,ska rij;a lr" ch.%yKfha lEu j¾.hla f,i rcq úiska /ðkg hjk ,§
layS¾ n;a mqäu frdaudkq fidhd.ekSula jQjo f,i y÷kajdÿka miq m%isoaO jQjls' layS¾ layS¾" l=¿nvq lr|uqx.= iu. yl=re fh¥ fuys isg fiiq f,dalhdg yd bkaÈhdjg me‚ ri n; kkao rdc jxYfha ld,h meñ‚fha wdY%u yd md,lhka Tjqkf.au kej; u;la lrk msßiqÿ fohla fuka oelajQ miqjh' bkaÈhka ks¾udKhls' gq.aya,dla rdcjxYh layS¾ layS¾ n;a fu!¾h yd j,g úh<s m,;=re tl;= lS¾ys ke.tau .=ma;d ld,hkays§ l< w;r fudkaf.da,a isÿjqfha mej;s‚' flfia jreka hgf;a YS¾ Ydya iQÍ fu!¾hhka yd fj;;a" yd¾Yaj¾Oka th yd miqj yqudhqka ks¾udKh .=ma;d ld,h kd,kaofha§ pdß;%dkql+, l< msßks" ;j;a wdldrhl w;r;=rh ms<s.ekSfï ñysß lEula layS¾ j¾.hla fõ'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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bjqï msyqï
mQß th ffjÈl iuh fj; osj hk w;r mQß l=¿nvq iys; jHxck j,ska iïmQ¾Kù we;a;ls' W;aij wjia:d jHxckhla f,i mQßys ke.Su iy mQÍ m%:ufhka we;=,;a l< pmamdka fnd.af.a meñŒu;a iuÕu isÿúh' th ukdj rihka yd msrùï l<yels ùfï lreK yd bkaÈhdj mqrdu wdY%uj, wdydrfhys fldgilaùu bkaÈhka msÕdkl ld¾hNdrh Yla;su;a lf<ah'
y,ajd y,ajd m%:u jrg bkaÈhdjg meñ‚fha úN+;su;a ;=¾ls wêrdcHfha iqf,hsuka rdcud,s.fhka jk w;r" thg úúOdx. 30la muK ;sìK' tksid bkaÈhdj úfoaYSh wdkhkhg l=ula tl;= lf<ao@ fndfyda m%fNao yd ir, tfy;a iqj|j;a f;,a" lsß" l=¿nvq yd yels iEu t<j¿jlau$lr,a fNda.$OdkH fjkqjg .sf;,a fhdod iE§fï l%shdj,sh fõ' rdïmQ¾ rdcud<s.fha isg meñ‚ ñ¾É ld y,ajd fyda ksidïia yd ñ¾id .d,síf.a ukaÈrfhka meñ‚ m%sh;u msiQ cjqis y,ajd" my;rg ol=fKys l¿ y,ajd yd iudkju isák ydìIs y,ajdo fõ' pkafv,d rdÊmqÜiaf.a rdclSh uq¿;ekaf. hs wdrïNh isÿjQ uQka.a od,a y,ajd yqfola W;aij wjia:d i`oyd fkdj tfy;a ixpdrl wruqKq i|ydu úh' nd;S yd pq¾ud" fiau fuu y,ajd úúOdx. rKY+rhkag yd fjf<kaokag wdydr iemhSug iqÿiq fõ'
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
ckm%jdo u.ska mejfikqfha Ysjdð ks;ru fmÜáhl YSrd" y,ajd úúOdx." yd fmdayd tlg weiqreï lrkqfha Tyqg yd Tyqf.a hqoaO yuqodjg le,fha§ u;=jk yÈis wjia:d j,§ msiSulska f;drj tfy;a yuqjk rij;a wdydrhla f,i imamdhug Wmldr lr .ekSugh'
pdhs pdhs ^f;a& ì%;dkHka úiska bkaÈhdjg wuq;a;ka i|yd jk úfYaI ñY%Khla f,i y÷kajd ÿks' jd‚c jYfhka" Tjq' tfy;a m%:u jrg f;a mßfNdackh lf<ah' tl,ays f*%âßla wd¾ okakdjdhs f.a rpkdfõ mgne¢ fmdÕjd .;a f;a óme‚ iuÕ fyda ¨Kq kduh jk fidaud fukajQ f;a wkqj hk iaj,amhla iuÕ Ndú; lr we;' miqj" flfkl=g" fidaud kñka mqrdK lr|uqx.=" uqf,;s" mqãkd yd bkaÈhdfjys f;a mej;s njg .ïñßia jeks l=¿nvq meñŒu;a fidhd .; yelsh' okakdjdhs iuÕu tajd fjkia rihla ,nd f;a j, lsß iuyrúg md¾Yaúlj ksjerÈ §ug tl;= lr we;' idcydka iys; úúOdx. úh yels jkqfha fu!¾hhka f;a yd fldams mdkh werUQ uQ.,a kef.kysr yd .=ma;d rdcjxYh w;r;=r" ud<s.fha mjd" th lsß fkdue;s" bkaÈhdkq iud.u bkaÈhdj nqÿoyfï mßYS,k u| jYfhka-l=¿nvq oeuQ fndfyda yd meñ‚fhah uOHia:dkhla f,i mej;s nj yd úg ldyajd jeks mdkhla jQfha ixpdrlhka tys wdY%u j,g yd uQ,slju bkaÈhdfjysu fld< rdc ud<s.d j,g wdl¾YKh jQ nj ksidfjkss' meye;s f;a j¾.hla f,i mej;s‚' lsß iys; iuqø.=ma;f.a yd yd¾Yaj¾Okaf.a rdcud<s.d úúOdx. meñ‚fha kef.kysr bkaÈhd fj<| j, ÿgq Ök m‚úvlrejka úYd, jYfhka iud.u iuÕ jk w;r Tjqka bkaÈhdkq meñŒu yd Tjqka ;Hd. f,i Tlaf,daka.a jHdmdßl wxYh wdrlaId lsÍug /lshdfjys f;a f.k meñŒu m%lgh' .=ma;d rdcud<s.h fhdojkq ,eîh'
Tn oekisáhdo@ b;d w;S;fha isg meñ‚ pdhs iS; iD;=fjys îula jk ksid" iagd¾ wksis fyda .ïñßia l=¿nvq fhdod WKqiqïj mdkh lrhs' f;a j, jvd;a ckm%sh mßj¾;kh jkqfha uid,d pdhs ^lsß f;a l=re÷ fyda .ïñßia fhdod WKqiqï l< úgh&' kQks pdhs" ldYaóß m%Odk Wfoa wdydrh .ekSu" jkqfha mer‚u f;a ñY%Khls
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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rdÊmqgdk Wreufha
fYa%IaG ks¾udK
rdcia:dkfha ufyaYdlH l÷ n,fldgq tys ish¨u ftYaj¾hHkg by<ska ke.Sisà joka | iqm%shd w.d¾j,a
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
rdcia:dk m%dka;h" rcjrekaf.a N+ñh" fmr§ ye¢kajQfha rdÊmqgdkd f,isks' th úúO m%dka; j,g fnod mej;s‚' tlsfkl md,kh lf,a úúO f.da;%hka úisks' jir .Kkdjla mqrd" fuu f.da;%hka ft;sydisl iaudrl f.dvke.+ w;r" úfYaIfhkau 5 yd 18 Y;j¾I j, f.dvke.=K" l÷ u; ;ekQ n,fldgq rdcHfha idrj;a ixialD;sl Wreuh uQ¾;su;a lf<ah' fuu l÷ wdY%s; n,fldgq rdÊmqgdkd Wreufha Ñrd.; fYa%IaG l,d ks¾udK fõ' ldïfndacfha mej;s 37 jk f,dal Wreu lñgq iNdjdrfha§" rdcia:dkfha n,fldgq yhla hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreu N+ñ ldKvhka hgf;a m%ldYhg m;a l,y" rdcia:dkfha l÷lr n,fldgqæ
Ñ;af;da.d¾ n,fldgqj" Ñ;af;da.d¾ 7 jk Y;j¾Ifha§ fu!¾hH md,lhka úiska f.dv k.kq ,enQ" fu!¾hH md,lhkag miqj kï lrkq ,enq" Ñ;%dka.o fudaÍ yd wk;=rej isfidaähd f.da;%h úiskao md,kh Cf<ah' fuys wx.kfha b;sydih ud<s.d .Kkdjlskao" f.aÜgq" wdrdu yd wkqiaurK l=¿Kq follskao .ejiS.;a nj i|yka fõ' fuu l=¿Kq folg wu;rj úys§ we;s n,fldgqfõ ud<s.d ixlS¾K y;rla we;s w;r" wdrdu 19 la" iaudrl y;rla yd c,;gdl 20 la o mej;sK' wÈhr folska f.dv k.k ,ÿj" m%:u l÷ n,fldgqj tla m%Odk we;=¿ùfï fodrgqjla iys;j 5 Y; j¾Ifha§ f.dvke.=k w;r wkql%ufhka 12 jk Y; j¾Ih f;lau /lj,a ;rlsÍu lf<ah' tys kIaGdjfYaI ngysr idkqj iSudjka fl<jfrka ukdj o¾Ykh fõ' fojk f.dvke.s,a, 15 jk Y; j¾Ifha§ isfidaähd f.da;%fha md,k ld,h w;r;=r f.dvk.kq ,nk úg§ rdclSh we;=¿ùfï fodrgqj f.aÜgq y;lska hqla;j m%;sia:dms; lsÍu yd n,lrKh lf<ah' l=ïN YHdï wdY%uh" ñrd Ndhs wdY%uh" wdÈ jrdya wdY%uh" Y%ska.d¾ fp!ß wdY%uh yd úch ia:ïN fuu l,dmh ;=, f.dv ke.+fõ msßisÿ rdÊmqgdkd .Dyks¾udK Ys,amSh ffY,sh úoyd oelafjk mßoafoks'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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rka;dïfnd¾ n,fldgqj, idjdhs udfodmQ¾ rka;dïfnd¾ cd;sl Whk tys jHd>%hka i|yd m%isoaO jk w;r" ufyaYdlH rka;dïfnd¾ n,fldgqj msysgd ;sfnkqfha tu mßY%h ;=<h' 8 jk Y; j¾Ih ;=,§ f.dvk.d we;s" n,fldgqjg tu ku ,eî ;sfnkqfha th msysgd ;sfnk" ;dïfnd¾" l÷ weiqßka jk w;r" rka hkak ,eî ;sfnkqfha wi, lkaolsks' úkaoHd yd w¾jd,sia taldnoaO fjk ia:dkfha Wiaj ke.sisáñka" ,S u; yd f,day u; lrk ,o úYsIag leghï iys; >klu wdrelal= fodrj,a fuu n,fldgqj iys; fõ' we;=¿ùfï fodrgq y;frka" ;ju;a b;sßj mj;sk tlu tl fodrgqj" ñY%Odrd kï fõ'
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
.d.afrdka n,fldgqj, cd,djd¾ fuu n,fldgqfjys w;a;sjdru oud ;sfnkqfha 7 jk Y; j¾Ifha§ jk w;r 14 jk Y; j¾Ifha§ m%udrd rdcjxYfhys ìcd,afoaõ rcq úiska iïmQ¾K lr ;sfí' wyQ" ld,s yd iskaoa .x.djka úiska ;=ka me;a;lska jgù ;sfnk n,fldgqj msgqmiska jkdka;rh yd uql=kaord l÷ jeáh we;' fuys Wml%ñlj jeo.;a msysàu wkqj" .d.afrdka n,fldgqj bkaÈhdfjys c, n,fldgqj f,i ye¢kafõ'
.fkaYafmda,a" kdlal¾ldkd" nysrùfmda,a" lsIdkafmda,a yd iS,dyaldkd n,fldgqfjys jeo.;a f.aÜgq fõ' Èjdka-B-wdï" ÈjdkaB-ldyaia" ckdkd uy,a" uÿiqÿka wdY%uh yd rdka.a uy,a fjk;a jeo.;a bmer‚ N+ñ Nd.hka fõ' n,fldgqjg uola msg; iEu jirlu rduidka w;r;=r ixúOdkh lrk fmd< mj;ajkq ,nk ñfÜ idya iq*S idka;=jrhdf.a uejqfida,shu we;'
l=ïíy,a.d¾ n,fldgqj, l=ïíy,a.d¾ w¾jd,sia l÷ jeáfhys ngysßka msysgd ;sfnk" l=ïíy,a.d¾ n,fldgqj rdkd l=ïíyd úiska 15 jk Y; j¾Ifha§ f.dv k.kq ,enQjls' 19 jk Y; j¾Ih mqrd úYd, l<" fuh l=ïíy,a.d¾ya uydrdkd m%;dma rdÊmq;a rcqf.a Wmka ia:dkh fõ' Ök uyd m%dldrhg miqj f,dalfha fojk úYd,;u m%dldrh fuu n,fldgqj i;=fõ' w¾jd,sia l÷ jeáfhys l÷ uqÿka oy;=kla fuu n,fldgqj wdrlaId lrkq ,nhs' kS," Yafõ; yd yß; j¾Khkaf.ka wdl+, úYsIaG j¾Khka iys; bia;rïu ldur ms,sn| mqridrï lshk nvd,a uy,a ^j<dl=¿ ud<s.dj& b;du;a oel=ïl¨ ud<s.djls' fuu n,fldgqfõ m%dldrfha isg flfkl= fmd<Ujk l=re¨ weila ;=<ska fmfkk oiqkla fuka ;d¾ ldka;drfha je,s jeá oelsh yelsh'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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wu¾ n,fldgqj, cdhsmQ¾ tys l,d;aul yskaÿ ffY,sfhys .Dy f.aÜgqj& w;ßka fõ' fuh hqoaO yuqodj ish ks¾udK Ys,amh ksidfjka f,dalh mqrdu ch.%yKfha fm<md<s mj;ajk ia:dkh ta ms<sn|j okakd w;r" wu¾ úh' fuu n,fldgqj ud<s.dj n,fldgqj msysgd ;sfnkqfha wNHka;rfhka lvdyef,k cdhsmQ¾ys m%Odk k.rfhka lsó Èhwe,a, u;ska yudhk iq<. n,fldgqfjys 4 la ÿßks' r;= je,s.,a yd lsß úiska isis,a ld,.=Khla we;slr m%Odk msúiqu .re~j,ska f.dvk.d we;s w;r ;sfnk Èjdka-B-wdï" Èjdka-Bcdf,í fpdaõla fuu Okj;a ud,s.dj m%Odk ldyaia " YSia uy,a ^o¾mK ud<s. fj; .uka lrk fldgia y;rlg fnod we;af;a" dj& yd iqlaya ksjdia wdÈfhka iqrdÊ fmda,a iEu fldgilgu fjku iukaú; fõ' cdhs ukaȾ f,i w;ßka fõ whs;s we;=¿ùfï f.aÜgqjla ckm%sh ù we;s" ch.%ykfha yd wx.khla iys;jh' m%Odk Yd,dj"tys leghï ,E,s yd úúO msúiqu" m%:u m%Odk wx.kh jk cdf,í j¾Khka yd yev me;sfrk o¾mK j,ska fpdaõla fj; .uka lrk iqrdÊ fmda,a ^iQ¾h hqla; isú,su i|yd m%isoaO ù we;'
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
cdhsie,au¾ n,fldgqj, cdhsie,au¾ f,dalfha úYd,;u wdrlaId ie,iSula jk" n,fldgqj f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' we;=¿ùfï cdhsie,au¾ n,fldgqj l%sj 1156 § rdÊmq;a fodrgq y;rla k.rh foig we;s w;r" bka md,l rdj,a cdhsie,a úiska tlla ld,;=jlal=jlska wdrlaId Tyqf.a ku fhdod f.dvk.k lr we;' fuu n,fldgqj ,§' fuu n,fldgqj ;%sl=gd Okj;a fj<÷ka úiska ;kk n,fldgqj lkao u; ;d¾ ldka;drfha ,o" úúO ft;sydisl yd .Dy ;%sl=gd lkao je,s iys; úYd, fmfoila ks¾udKuh mqoa.,sl ukaÈr u; we;s ;d¾ w;rueo msysgd we;s w;r fyda ksjdi wdrlaIdlr we;' ldka;drfha hqoaO lsysmhlgu idlaIHlre iqm%isoaO Ñ;%mg wOHlaIljrhl= je,s iys; ù we;' tys úYd, lymeye;s jk" i;Hð;a rdhs" fuu úYd, fmfoila je,s.,a ì;a;s Èjdld,fha n,fldgqj ms<sn| mqÿuhg m;aù" w;rueo msysgd isxyhl=f.a meyeh .kakd th Tyqf.a fidakd¾ fl,a,dys" we; w;r br niskd úg§ j¾Kh miq;,h f,ig fhdod.;a w;r" wvqfjñka r;%ka-ó me‚ meyeh miqj tu fmdf;ys kñkau .ksñkao" n,fldgqj ly meye;s ldka;drh ksIamdokh jQ tys m%;suQ¾;shla n÷jQ Ñ;%mgh ;=, fjiaudre lrñka isà' tuksid th r;%ka b;du;au m%isoaêhg m;a jQfõh'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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.fõIKh
ierfika"
t,a,fjka" hd
ixpdrlhka fjkia wdldrhl ksjdvq w;aoelSula fidhk ksidfjka úl%udkaú; ixpdrl jHdmdrh fõ.fhka bkaÈhdfõ § ckm%sh;dj Èkd .ksñka ;sfí
ÿria;r fmfoiaj,g ixpdrh lsÍu" wNsfhda.d;aul úl%udkaú; l%Svd W;aidy lsÍu iy tys iSududhsï lrd hful=f.a ord .ekSfï yelshdj mÍlaId lsÍu wm okakd úl%udkaú; ixpdrl jHdmdrh f,i y÷kajk fohhs' th kef.kysr fõjd" ngysr" W;=f¾ fyda ol=fKa fõjd" úl%udkaú; rislhkag ukdm mßÈ weâßk,ska m%fudaolhka msßkuk úi,a úl,am .Kkdjla foaYh i;=h'
l÷ke.Su bkaÈhdj ;=< l÷ke.Sfï wjia:d ñksh fkdyels ;rï úi,a jk w;r jeä ÿrlg .fõIKhg yiq fkdjQ ;rïh' ksoyia l÷ke.Su" wdOdrl l÷ ke.Su" iy ksoyia iy wdOdrl l÷ke.Su f,i j¾. flÍ we;s - l÷ ke.Su fudaiï ld,fha yereKq úg jir mqrdjg lrkq yelsh' uqÿkg <Õdùfï m%fudaoh iy f,dalh weu;Sfï wdiajdoh ir,j úia;r lrkq fkdyelalls' l÷ke.Su i|yd bkaÈhdj ;=< fidhd .; yels fyd|u wvú lsysmhla f,i" ysudp,a m%foaYa ys id¾ uxlv" ysudp,a m%foaYa ys ñhd¾ ksïkh" ldYaórfha fIhs YsLrh" flar<fha mdhs;ud,d" l¾Kdglfha uOq.sß" uydrdIag% ys ue,afIaÊ .dÜ iy l¾Kdglfha yeïms iy ndodñ kï l< yelsh'
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
iema;e誰n他-Tlaf;dan他 2015
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.fõIKh
ialshqnd lsñÿu kS, yß; c, ;rx.fha úÊcdldÍ .=Kh iy c,c Ôù .yKh W;al¾IŒh ialshqnd lsñÿï w;aoelSula i|yd mßmQ¾K jgdmsgdj ixia:dmkh lrhs' wiamDYH fldr,a mr iy u,a yd Ydluh úfYaI iduqøsl úN+;sfha rdcOdkshla msßkuhs' bkaÈhdfõ§ ialshqnd lsñ§u i|yd jvd;au
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
.e,fmk ia:dk lsysmhla f,i" wkaouka iy ksfldnd¾ ¥m;a" ,laIoaùma ¥m;a" fka;%dks ¥m;a ^l¾Kdglfha fjr<bu mqrd& iy f.daj kï l< yelsh' jvd;au ckm%sh ia:dkh imhñka f.dafjys .%Ekaâ ¥m; ialshqnd lsñÿïlrejkg Ôú; ld,Sk w;aoelSula ,nd fohs'
ì,SnEu ish;a wd;aóh .=Khka wdrlaId lr .ekSug lsishï l%Svdjlg" iudfhdackh w;HjYH ldrKhls' íf,hd¾ f;dguqK ì,SnEug Wkkaÿjkakkag mdrd§ihla n÷h" jeählau lrÈfha ì,SnEu i|yd Wkkaÿjkakkagh' jd‚cuh jYfhka ud¿ nEu ;ykï lrkq ,en we;s ksidfjka fldr,a mrfha w,xldr;ajh wiamDYHj mj;S' Ñähd;dmq" íf,hd¾ f;dguqfKa isg lsf,daóg¾ 25 la ÿßka msysá" bkaÈhdfõ ì,SnEfï .ukdka; .Kkdj w;ßka fyd|u tlls' Ñkalshq ¥m; iy rE;a,Ekaâ wfkl=;a ckm%sh ia:dk fõ' hful= ysreneiSu olsñka
fudaykhg m;aùug n,d isákjd úh yelsh' fuu l,dmfhka fidhd.; yels úfYaIhka w;rg" fia,a*sIa" ly jr,a gQkd iy fhdaO g%ejd,s wh;a fõ' kejqï j;=f¾ ì,S nEu i|yd .e,fmk wfkl=;a ia:dk f,i" W;a;¾ldkaoa ys rdï.x.d iy uydld,s k§" l=,a¨ uqkd,s ys îia kÈh" ysud, l÷lrfha fvdä;d,a jej" ldYaórfha bkaÿia iy ,sv¾ k§" wreKdp,a m%foaYa ys ldfuka.a" ishEka.a kÈfha mdYs.dÜ iy f,days;a kÈfha f;aiQ kï l< yelsh' ì,SnEu i|yd jvd;a iqlr ld,h fkdjeïn¾ iy wm%sfh,a ueo w;r ld, iSudjhs'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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merd.a,hsvrfhka wyia ;rKh orefjl= f,i isáh§ Tng ljod fyda l=re,af,l= f,i mshdUkakg wjYH ú‚o@ <ud úfha úfkdaod;aul wjeislï muKla fkdj jeäu,a úfha wd;aóh ix;Dma;hka mjd merd.a,hsvrfhka wyia ;rKh lsÍfuka imqrd,kq ,nhs' bkaÈhdj ;=< merd.a,hsv¾ fufyhùu i|yd jvd;au kï oerE tla ia:dkhla kï uydrdIag%fha ngysr .dÜ h' tijqu .ekSug iy f.dvnEu i|yd kshu ia:dk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
f,i Ñl,aodrd" mxÉ.dks" ldïfIaÜ iy Nkaododrd jeks iyahdoaÍ ÿ¾. kï l< yels fõ' mxÉ.dks hkq kï fkdl< merd.a,hsv¾ me§fï m%dka; uQ,ia:dkh fõ" tys úiauh Wmojk nEhï f,i lska.¾" Ns,d¾ iy gefmda,d y÷kajd Èh yelsh' ;j;a wfkl=;a ia:dk f,i kï l< yelafla W;a;¾ldkaoa ys l=kacdmQß" .d¾jd,a iy fnoakS nq.shd,a iy ysudp,a m%foaYa ys î¾ ì,sx h'
.xÈh u; iq<x fndaÜgq me§u .x.dj, m%jdyh n,iïmkak iy l<ska lsj fkdyels tlls' fkdokakd jx.= wkq.dój meohdu iy jd;h iu. ñY% jQ j;=f¾ .s,Shdu .x.d Èfha iq<x fndaÜgq me§fuka ,o yels w;aoelSï lsysmh w;ßka lsysmhls' bkaÈhdfõ úl%udkaú; l%Svdfõ w.kqjr f,i ßYsflaYa kqjr kej; ixúOdkh ù we;' m<mqreÿ l%Svlhkag n,iïmkak c,;rx. u; ;u l=i,;djka Wr.d ne,sh
yels jk w;r kjlhkag l=vd c,;rx. u; mqyqKqj ,nkq yels fõ' fjk;a .ukdka; w;rg .efkkafka" ,dvdla ys ikald¾ kÈh" wreKdp,a m%foaYa ys n%yaumq;%d kÈh" vd¾Ô,sx ys àiagd kÈh" larE.a ys ndrdfmda,a kÈh" iy W;a;¾ldkaoa ys wd,lakkaod kÈhhs' ßYsflaYa fj; msúiSug fyd|u ld,h iema;eïn¾ iy fkdjeïn¾ ueo w;r iy ud¾;=fõ isg uehs m<uq i;sh w;rhs'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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id¾:l;ajh
j;djla jHd>%hl="
ieuúgu jHd>%fhls
bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodfjys mer‚u n,>kh" wxl 1 n,>kh" wêIaGdkYS,Sj wLKavj jD;a;Shuh úYsIag;ajh iys; Wiia m%ñ;skays fufyhqï i|yd mqyqKq lsÍug l%shdlrhs joka | ^úY%dñl& thd¾ udI,a wks,a fpdmard
1934 n,>kfhys jdmsá .=jka hdkd fm<.efiñka
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
1948 È,a,s j," ðïldkdys§ jHd>%hkaf.a kej; tl;=ùu
1932 Tlaf;danrh bkaÈhka .=jka ;rKfha ft;sydisl udihla úh' ks, jYfhka bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodj ^whstat*a& Tlaf;dan¾ 8 Èk ia:dms; l< w;r thg i;shlg miqj" gdgd .=jka hdkd m%jdyk iud.u jk fÊwd¾ã gdgd" lrÉÑh yd uÿrdish ^oeka fpkakdhs& w;r .=jka ;eme,a fiajh wdrïN lrñka Tyqf.a m<uq .=jka hdkdj meojQfõ" wyuodndoa yd fndïfn ^oeka uqïndhs& yrydh' fuu udih bkaÈhdfjys yuqod yd isú,a .=jka hdkd wxYh foflysu Wm; iksgqyka lf<ah' fuu .=jka hdkd iud.u miqj thd¾ bkaÈhd úh' 1933 wfma%,a 1 od" lrÉÑ" v%s.a udjf;ys§ ikakoaO yuqod iyfhda.fhka fjiaÜ,Ekaâ jdmsá 2ta fowe¢ .kk hd;%d y;rlska hqla;j bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodfõ wxl 1 n,>kh" fyj;a jHd>%hka ìysúh' tys msßia n,h ks,OdÍka yhla yd yjdhs ismhsjre 19la iuÕ wKfok ks,Odß f,i rdclSh .=jka yuqodfjys mshir ¨;skka ^miqj thd¾ jhsia udI,a& fiis,a njqp¾ lghq;= lf<ah' m%:u .=jka kshuqjka mia fokd jQfha yeßia pkaød is¾ld¾" iqírfgda uql¾ð ^miqj bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodfõ m%:u bkaÈhdkq thd¾
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Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg by< isg( wxl 1 n,>kfhys iels,a, yd 1993 § Èhuka;s cqì,sh ieuÍu i|yd uqoaorhla ksl=;a lsÍu¦ n,>kh m%xYfhys§ ñrdÊ 2000 njg mßj¾;kh ùu¦ w¾cka iska.a iuÕ yßflaka .=jka hdkfhys fiajlhka nqreufha§¦ y¾ðkao¾ iuÕ yjdhs ismhsjreka ,hsiekav¾ nqreufha§
Ö*a&" nQfmakaød iska.a" whsidâ nlaIa wjdka wruqof,ka ñ,g .;a w;r n,>khg ;Hd. yd wu¾ð;a iska.a úh' fÊtka áÉ ;kavka lrkq ,enQfõ fndïfnys ^j¾;udk uqïndhs& ixúOdk lghq;= lf<ah' ó<Õ lKvdhï rgjeishka fjkqfjka wdKavqldr;ek j, wksl=;a wh jD;a;dka;fha i|ykaj tkq úisks' fuu n,>kh t;eka mgka fndïfn ,efnhs( bxðfkare weiams ^miqj thd¾ Ö*a&" n,>kh f,ig ye¢kaúh' cïfnda uqcqkaod¾" kf¾kaød" od,að;a iska.a" fykaß reka.kdoka" wd¾tÉã iska.a" ndnd nqreu hqO jHdmdrh fuyd¾ iska.a" tiatka f.dhd,a" m%s;amd,a iska.a 1942 fmnrjdß" fuu n,>kh mshir yd w¾cka iska.a ^miqj thd¾ Ö*a yd bkaÈhka Wmdhhka ms<sn| jQ T;a;= fiùfï ld¾hh .=jka yuqodfõ j¾;udk ud¾I,a&' l< ,ysfhdays ia:dk.; l< .=jkahdkd fuu n,>kfhys m%:u fgdkaf.da isg ñka.,fvdka ld¾hh ÿgqfõ W;=re fj; udreùhdug fmr ler,sldr jisßia;dkays ler,sldr ,hsiekav¾ia iuÕ" nqreuhg ì;a;dka ì;a;dks f.da;%slhkag ^j¾;udk ñhekaud¾& f.da;%slhkg tfrysjh' 1938 §" fuu meñ‚fhah' ;dhs,ka;fhys tfrysj fuu n,>kh .=jkahdkd " msysá cmka .=jka uQ,ia:dkhka n,>kh ish ks,OdÍka 16 la yd ñksiqka jk udB-yehqka.a iehqka.a" m%:u ld¾hh 662 f.a wdYS¾jdo ,enQy' 2 jk fphska .audhs yd Ñheka.%dhs ÿgqfõh f,dal hqoaOh werfUk úg§ j,g tfrysj fndaïn /f.k th tlu bkaÈhka .=jka yuqod hdug yd wdrlaIlhka rys;j ks¾udKh úh' hqoaOhg iyfhda.h §ug" my,-uÜgfï mshdir l%shdkaú;hka jHd>%hkaf.a ld¾hh jQfha fjr<drlaIl lsÍug bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodj fiajlhska mshdieß we;slsÍu yd uOHia:dk we;slsÍu úiska .=jkahdkdj, fjkialï isÿlf<ah' úh' fuu n,>kh uQ,slju fydaõl¾ ydÜo flfiafj;;a" cmka wdl%uKh l%Er ùu;a miql,l§" whqvelaia .=jka hdkd j,skao iuÕu wjidkfha nqreufhka miqneiSu;a kej;-ikakoaO lf<ah' 1941 ueo" cmdkh ksid" wxl 1 n,>kh 1942 cqks ui kej; nqreuhg ^j¾;udk ñhekaud¾& we;=¿ ùug ßid,amq¾ j,g wdmiq meñK yßflaka 2 tau;a iuÕu" fjiaÜ,Ekaâ vhsiekav¾ î m%ydrl hd;%dj,g' mßj¾;kh wdrïN .=jkahdkd 12la fndïfnys hqO ;Hd. l< wxl 1 n,>kh 1944 fmnrjdß 3 iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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Èk" bïmd,a fj; <ÕdjQfha jhi wjqreÿ 25la jk iafldv%ka ,Sv¾ w¾cka iska.af.a kdhl;ajfhks' th udi 14l" l%shdkaú;hla jQ w;r g%dkaia-Ñkaâúka yd g%dkaia brfjâä bïmd,ays jg,Eï j,g iyNd.sj myrfoñka l%shd lf<ah' jHd>%hka fufyhqï mshdieß wdrïN lf<a fmnrjdß 5 jk Èk jQ w;r" fufyhqï Wml%uYS,Sj yd PdhdrEm msßlaiñka myr§ï l<y' cmkqkaf.a myr§ï ud¾;= 8 jk Èk wdrïN jQfha" 17 jk bkaÈhdkq yuqodxYhg myr §ugh' ud¾;= 29 od" f.dïufka§ i;=re yuqod y÷kd.ksñka" iïmq¾K n,>khu w¾cka iskaf.a kdhl;ajfhka" i;=rkaf.a ia:dk ;=jlal= yd fndaïn iuÕska w;am;a lr .ksñka yd myr foñka bÈßhg meñ‚ cmka yuqodjg uy;a úkdYhla l<y' 1944 wfma%,a ui" bïmd,a l|jqr jg,Eu oeälrñka yd cmkqka bïmd,a .=jka l,dmfhys fjä iSudjg we;=¿ úh' n,>kh fláÿr fufyhqï 412 mshdir lf<a" Tjqkf.a hdka;%sl m%jdyk j,g yd" ;=jlal= ia:dk.; lr we;s ;eka j,g myrfoñks' cmkqka miqneiSu ksid" jhsia Ö*a T*a thd¾ iagd*a& f.a wK hgf;ys n,>kh bÈßmi uQ,ia:dk j, isg l%shd;aul we;s md,ï kï jeïmh¾ rd;%S igkalrejka jQfhka .=jka jEhu ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeäúh' u;sks' 1956 §" n,>kh ä,anE.a iska.a ^miqj fuu bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodfõ msßig wfkl=;a thd¾ Ö*a& f.a wK hgf;a w¿;ska w;alr.;a molalï w;r;=frys úYsIaG mshdir iïudk vefida,aÜ ñiag%s 4 - ta .=jka hdkdj,g 22 ;s<sK lf<ah' Tjqkf.a fuu id¾:l;ajh mßj¾;kh jQfhah' 1961 f.dajd fufyhqfuys§" we.hSug" bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodj jHd>%hka ksoyiska miqj Tjqkf.a úiska Tjqkf.a moúkduhg m%:u fufyhqu idka; la?ia bÈßfhka —rdclSh— hk Wmi¾.h .=jka f;dgqmf,a isg lrkq ksoyiska miqj 1945 ud¾;= ui§ msßkeuQy' ,eîh' 1961 foieïn¾ 10 osk jHd>%fhda .=jka hdkd y;rla oudï jrdhg Tjqkf.a m%:u úfNaokh yd wdrïNl tfrys l%shdkaú;fha§ idïm%odhsl hqoaOh idka; wjqreÿ hg;a ùfï fldähla uqÿfkys§ l%Eia .=jka 2 jk f,dal hqoaOh wjidkfha§" fidhd.;ay' 1965 bkaÿf;dgqmf,a isg wd¾whstat*a ;=< ks,OdÍka 1600 mdlsia;dk hqoaOfha§" n,>kh l%shd;aul l<y l iuÕ 28500l fiajlhka ó<Õ jir 17 la mej;shhq;= msßila isáhy' 1945 wjidkfha§" wdoïmQ¾ys mej;=‚' úka.a fuu tallh wêfõ.S hdkd tallhla njg fldudkav¾ Tó gfkacd f.a úOdk hgf;a" mßj¾;kh jQfõh' 1947 .%SIau iD;=fõ§" wxl n,>khg mlsia;dka .=jka yuqod .=jka 1 n,>kh oeä l=Kdgq 11lg yiqúh' tu l,dmh jk i¾.dfvda g tfrysj mshdir lr úfNaokh jk fudfydf;a" n,>kfhys ish¿u myr§ m<uqfjkshd ùug mejßK' iïm;a mlsia;dka rdclSh .=jka yuqodjg ^mStat*a& udrelr hejQ w;r bkaÈhdfjys ;snQ jD;a;dka;h fuu tallh wxl wdf,ams; lr 1953§ kej; n,>kfhys ´îB" iqírfgda uql¾Ô" jhU Ôjh ,enQfõ kjÈ,a,sfhys áïls írd¾ ^miqj m<d;a fmruqKq m%dka;fha ^tkaví,shqt*amS&
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Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg jfï isg( n,>kh nqreufha§¦ 1950 .Kka w;r;=r w¾cka iska.a iuÕ n,>kfhys kshuqfjda¦ 1965 § id¾f.dvd u;ska myr§ mshdir l< n,>kfhys kshuqfjda
f.da;%slhkag tfrysj .=jka fufyhqï j,g negka idñ" w¾ckag tfõf,ysu w.%.kH iyNd.s jQfhka ks¾NS;lfuys molalula mshdir l=reih ^ãt*ai&S ;s<K s lf<ah' Tyq ;s<sK lf<ah' Tyqj iafldârka ,Sv¾ f,i 1964 wf.dai; a = isg 1969 cq,s olajd bkaÈhka yd wxl 1 n,>kfhys úOdkh Tyq hg;g .=jka yuqodfjys m%Odkshd úh' Tyqf.a jir mejßK' miqj Tyq fldydÜ ys rdclSh .=jka my yudrl fiajd ld,h yuqod ;=fkysu yuqod uOHia:dkh ish md,khg k;=l< isák ´kEu m%Odksfhl=g mej;s È.u m<uq bkaÈhdkqjdh' 1945 cqks ui" Tyqg ld,hhs' 1965 § Tyqj moau úN+IKfhka ì%;dkH wêrdcHh fufyjr mqokq ,en" iaúÜi¾,ka;fhys ^yuqod wxYh& iïudkh ;s<sK bkaÈhdkq ;dkdm;s yd lf<ah' Tyq bkaÈhdkq .=jka flkahd uy flduidßia 2000 ckjdß yuqod m<uq n,>khg úOdk f,i m;a lrkq ,enqfõh' ui w¾cka iska.a ÿkakd muKla fkdj tfy;a miqld,Skj Tyq È,a,f s hys whstat*a ys m%:u 1954 § m%:u thd¾ Ö*a úh' wdKavl q dr ¨;skka yd Tyq thd udI,a f,i uql¾Ô mdmkaÿ j,g b;d 2002 ckjdß whstt a *a ys m;a lf<ah ,eÈ" iuia; bkaÈhdfõu m%:u udI,a jrhd njgo m;a mdGYd,dka;r mdmkaÿ ms<sn| flßK' woyi m<uqj ìysl< o Tyqf.a ur‚ka miq whstat*a ys úka.a fldudkav¾ lreka wdrïN jQfhah' fuu ;rÕdj,sh y÷kajkqfha l%sYakd ucqïvd¾ 2 jk f,dal hqoaOfha iqírfgda l=i,dkh kñks' m<uq hqO ùrhd f,i mqok ,È' Tyqf.a w¾cka isk. a "a ãt*ai"S .=jka kshuq f,i kdhl;ajh i|yd ãt*aiS tl máhlska wêldß ,en.;a 1939 foieïn¾ Tyq ÿgqfõ irik ,o" whstat*a ys tlu .=jka jhU m<d;a fmruqKq m%dka;h tkaví,sõt*amS kshuqjd Tyq úh' jir follg miq" Tyq ys uQ,l s fufyhqïh' miqj" 1944 § wrkalka hqfrdamfhys ñ;% yuqodfjys wd¾tat*a wêfõ.S fufyhqfï§" .s‚fldk wdishdfjys ñ;% mshir hdkd n,>khg ia:dk udreùu yuqodfõ wKfokakd" W;a;Í;r ujqkÜ a iafõÉPdfjkau ,nd.;af;ah'
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taùtï y¾ðkao¾ iska.a" tïîB .=jkahdkd jHd>%hka w;sèjks l%shd lsÍu ms<sn| wdOqkslhl= f,i mqyqKqù hdkd fj;g hhs yjdhs ismhsjre f,i ye¢kajQ" ;reK 1966 § fuu n,>kh w;sèjks reishdkq ñ.a msßi w;ßka" Tyqj miqld,hl§ ;rejla 21 hdkd njg mßj¾;kh ù 1985 f;la tajd njg Tijd ;eì‚' nqreufha§ n,>kfhys l%shd;aul lf<ah' úka.a fldudkav¾ Wmald¾ fufyhqï w;r;=r ,hsiekav¾ .=jka ksÍlaIl iska.a 1971§ bkaÿ-mdlsia;dk hqoaOh w;r;=r hdkd ieye,a¨ fndaïn fy,k hdkd njg § n,>kh fufyhùu yd .=jka wdrlaIK mßj¾;kfha§ Tyqf.a odhl;ajh u;" ld¾hNdrh bgq lf<ah' jHd>%hka l|jqßka msg; miqld,hl§ thd¾-T*si¾f.dia mshdir lr myr§ï 513 la fldudkaäka fïkagkia fldudkaâ yd fndfyda ks¾NS;lfuys ;s<sK jYfhka Wiia lf<ah' ld¾.s,a w¾nqoh ch.%yKh l<y' bkaÈhdj m%xYfha 1947§ .=jka fldufodare ndnd w;r;=r" ñrdÊ *,hs-nhs-jh¾ igkalrejka fj;ska fuyd¾ iska.a jeks kï lsysmhla 2000 hdkd fv,agd ;gq iys; ñrdÊ 2000 ldIaórfha f.da;%sl wdl%uK i;=re l|jqre w;alr .;af;ah' 1986 § m%xYfhys w;r;=r bkaÈhka .=jka yuqodj yd m%j¾Ok ñrdÊ 2000 mqyqKqj ,enQ whstat*a úiaufhka mqnqÿ l< w;r" fuyd¾ uQ,ia:dk b,lal .=jka kshuqjka yd ;dlaI‚l tl,ays thd¾ fldufodare f,i lf<ah' Ys,amSka wdmiq meñK n,>kh m%xY mshdir lrk ,ÿj" fndfyda igkalrejl= njg m;alf<ah' 1999 Nhdkl fufyhqïj,g mqfrda.dó w;r;=r bkaÿ-mdlsia;dk ld¾.s,a w¾nqofha§" jQ wfhls' 1950 §" m%:u j;djg bkaÈhka .=jka ñrdÊ 2000 hdkd i;=re l|jqre yd ixúOdk yuqodj" úiska Tyqg uyd ù¾ pl% ^tïùiS& lghq;= uQ,ia:dk id¾:lj b,lal lr .;af;ah' iïudkh ;s<sK lf<ah' jeäl,a fkdhjdu uqkaf;da-vdf,da yd ghs.¾
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by<( 1934§ yjdhs ismhsjrekf.a n,>kh¦ jfuys( n,>kfhys msßñ ma,eákï ixj;air ieureu w;r;=r w¾cka iska.a iuÕ
l÷ myr§ w;am;alr .ekSug uQ,slj lghq;= lf<ah' 1984 wfma%,a ui§ úfoaYSh fidahqia à-2 hdkfha mshdieß úka.a fldudkav¾ rdflaIa I¾ud" wfYdala plard" m%:u bkaÈhdkq wNHjldY.dóka jQ úY%dñl jHd>%ka úh' —j;djla jHd>%hl=" ieuúgu jHd>%fhls— f,i lshukla ;sfí' wo mjd" jHd>%hka wêIaGdkYS,Sj wLKavj l%shd lrkqfha by< m%ñ;s iys; fufyhqï i|yd mqyqKq lsÍugh' Tjqka Ôj;a jkqfha n,>kfhys wdo¾Y mdGh jk tlagd fuhska Yla;s ^tluq;=fõ Yla;sh& fjkqfjks' j¾;udkfha§" úka.a fldudkav¾ udksIa Y¾udf.a fiakdm;s;ajh hgf;a" n,>kfhys ld¾hh uKav,fhys fiajh lrkqfha Wiia m%ñ;shl jD;a;Sh úYsIag;ajh w;alr .ekSu yd —lS¾;sh iuÕ wyi iam¾Y lsÍu— g fõ'
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taldnoaO frÈms<s WoHdk fhdackd l%uh" frÈms<s wud;HdxYfha kshuq uQ,drïNhla f,i" frÈms<s ksIamdok l¾udka;h f.da,Sh jYfhka ;rÕldÍ tlla lsÍu i|yd ;SrKd;aul há;, myiqlï iydh iemhSug b,lal lrhs
f,dalfha úYd,;u tajdhska tlla jk" bkaÈhdfõ frÈms<s l¾udka;h" Rcq iy jl% fiajdkshqla;s ckkfhka iy úfoaY úksuh bmehSfuka cd;sl wd¾Ólhg uq<skau ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla m%odkh fldg we;' tlai;a cd;Ska f.a jd‚c o;a; moku u.ska uqodyer we;s o;a;hla wkqj" bkaÈhdj f,dal frÈms<s wmkhklre f,iska b;d,sh" c¾uksh iy nx.a,dfoaYh blaujd
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isà' flfiafj;;a" há;, myiqlï wjysr;d ie,ls,a,g n÷ka úh hq;= m%d:ñl lafIa;%h ù ;sfí' NjH j¾OkSh uOHia:dkj, kj frÈms<s WoHdk wka;¾cd;sl m%ñ;hka wkqj ks¾udKh lsÍug" 2005 cQ,sfha§ taldnoaO frÈms<s WoHdk fhdackd l%uh wkqu; lrk ,o w;r frÈms<s tall ilia lsÍu i|yd f,dal uÜgfï mka;sfha há;, myiqlï iu.ska l¾udka;h ikakoaO
frÈms<s l¾udka;h ish .uka uf.a bÈßhg hhs
lrñka fuh wjika lsÍu tys wruqKhs' imhhs' f,dalfha fõ.fhka j¾Okh jk frÈms<s wud;HdxYh u.ska ixúOdkh lrk wd¾Ól l,dm w;ßka tlla jk bkaÈhdfõ ,o taldnoaO frÈms<s WoHdk fhdackd l%uh msúiqu ms<sn| fmr ksñ;a;la f,i ms<sn| m<uq cd;sl jevuq¿j wu;ñka" bka§h .s‚fldkÈ. wdishdkq fj<|m,g jvd;a fyd| rch fjkqfjka" fuu jif¾ wm%sfh,a ui msúiqu foig hdu bkaÈhdj úiska nrm;, iQrd;a ys§" frÈms<s wud;H whqßka iam¾Y lr we;' ikaf;daIa l=ud¾ .x.ajd¾ mjik frÈms<s wud;HdxYhg wkqj" ,o mßÈ" cd;sl m%cd;ka;%jd§ 70 la ;rï frÈms<s WoHdk 12 jk mia j¾I ikaOdk rch udi y;l§ kj ^.= c rd;a" uydrdIag% iy ;ñ,akdvq ie,iqu ;=<" uOHia:dk 20 la ilia lsÍu m% d ka ;j, l%shd;aulhka 30 la&" ;j;a WoHdk ;yjqre lr we;s nj;a" tneúka" m% d ka ; 16 la mqrd úisfrk fia 10 la ilia tjeks frÈms<s WoHdk 70 la ms y s g qùu" 2015 ud¾;=fõ§ wkqu; lsÍu .ek rch ks¾udKh lsÍu fjkqfjka lr we;s w;r wfmalaIs; úhou is;sú,s ujñka fl%daf¾ 30000 l wdfhdack fl% d a f ¾ 7100 ls' .=crd;a ys kj isà wdl¾IKh lr .ekSu wfmalaIdj frÈms<s WoHdk wgla fufyhjk nj;a mejiSh' 12 jk mia j¾I w;r;=r w¿;a tajd myla frÈms<s ie,iqu ;=<" ;j;a WoHdk 10 la ilia lsÍu wud;HdxYh u.ska wkqoek ;sfí' iQrd;a ys§" .ek rch is;sú,s ujñka isà' wkqoeks WoHdk kjhla" frÈ" kQ,a" ksñ we÷ï" fuu WoHdk" w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaäf.a wuq frÈ" ksmojñka fl%daf¾ 2768 l jd¾Isl —bkaÈhdfõ § ksmojkak— uQ,drïNl Ñka;kh ksuejqula lrkq we;s w;r ta fjkqfjka bka idlaId;a lsÍfï W;afma%rŒh idOlh ùug myla l%shd;aul jkq we;' uqkaød iy flavd ys b,lal lrk w;r frÈms<s" ksñwe÷ï iy frÈms<s WoHdk folla remsh,a fl%daf¾ 600 l Wmfhda.S l¾udka; w.h odufha lÓldikh jd¾Isl ksIamdokhla lrkq we;'
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b,smamS we; l=É tïfn%dhsvß hkq yqfolau j¾K iy §ma;sh ms<sn|j fkdfõ joka | pdkaøSfha fN!ñla
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l=É ksmehqï fm<la m%o¾Ykhg ;nd we;s whqre
l=É tïfn%dhsvß meñfKkafka j¾K iy i¾j ksmqK;ajh msÍ .;a wdfõYhlsks' tkuq;a" Èÿ,k j¾Khka iy ueyqï rgd ueo l,dmfha úúO f.da;%j,ska ,efnk wkkH úl=Kqï m%ia;=;hla iu.ska iïmQ¾Kh' ldÉÉ ys YdLd ^ks;ru mdfya l=É hkqfjka ye¢kafõ& ms<sn| fmdfydi;a idïm%odhhka m%cdjka iy Tjqkaf.a ixialD;s iu. tlg uqiqfjhs' l=É l,dfõ N+f.da,Sh msysgqu ish¨u ixialD;sl n,mEïj,g iómjkakka weo .kakd tlla njg m;afjñka Bg WmldÍ fõ' uq;ajd" rdndß" fèndßhd rdndß iy fkrdka tïfn%dhsvß we;=¿j" fjkia fjkia f.da;% iy l,dmj,ska mej; tñka" tlsfklg fjkia N+IK úê 17 lg jeä .Kkla m%ldYkh lsÍu fuu —wdNrKh— u.ska lrhs' ueyqï Ys,amh i|yd jk ;u ksmqK;ajh iu.ska leghï ie,iqï lsysmhla l< ld;s .j ixfiaplhka fj;ska m<uqj Wm; ,nd l=É tïfn%dhsvß l,dj wo olajd meñfKhs' mqrdjD;a;hg wkqj 16 jk ishjfia§ iskaoa
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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l,dj
Èÿ,k ksrEmKhla u.ska úúO j¾K m%ldYkhla flf¾
m<df;ka wd foaYdglfhl= fuu ueyqï o¾mK iuñ;shla iy l=vd ueiqï iys;j ;dlaIKh im;a;= ksmojkakka yg Wreu flfrk fuh ld,h .kakd l%shdj,shla fõ' lr ÿka nj lshefjhs' iQ*a" ldÍla" mdflda i;a;aj iy udkj rEm ksrEmKh i|yd jk iy rdndß tïfn%dhsvß ú,dis;d ;=< tluq;=j bia,dóh m%;slafIamh isysfha ;nd .ksñka m%ldYkh fjhs' idïm%odhslj l=É Ys,amh fuu ie,iqï m%Odk jYfhka cHdñ;sl ;=< fld<" l¿" bkaäf.da" r;=" ly iy W!rejla .kS' lsß iqÿ j¾K Ndú; fjhs' Ydx.drd;aul uqLH ,laIK iy rdndß l=É tïfn%dhsvß udkj rEm k¾;k bßhõ yd Tgqjka wdrlaId lsÍu ms‚i l,dj uq,skau ú,di .ekaùfuka th wdNdIh Ysj foúhka úiska ks¾udKh ld;s .j fnda ,nd ;sfí' we;eï uqLH ,laIK lrk ,oehs ie,flk" idïnd,a lrkakka fj;ska m¾ishdkq iy fuda.,a l,dfõ foajl;d idys;Hh fj;ska Wm; ,eîh n,mEï ksrEmKh lrkq kslau" fuu tïfn%dhsvß l,dfõ olakg ,efí' uq,a Wreu ù mj;skafka hhs u;hla mj;S' ;d¾ ;dka;drfha uq;ajd Tgqjka fndalsÍu i|yd fhdod.;a ;Kìï m%dka;fha ndkaks l,dmfha jdih lrk" lrd isg rdndßjreka ixl%uKh ù ;sfí' uqia,sïjrekaf.a Wml=,hla jk" uq;ajd jreka rdndß ldka;djkaf.a fIda,s" idhd iy fj;ska fuu kdulrKh jHq;amkak ù we;' fpda,s jeks we÷ïj,ska idlaIs .ekafjk f,dayuh .=Khla we;s kQf,ka ieáka iy mßÈ tïfn%dhsvß l,dj Tjqkf.a Ôú;fha is,ala frÈ u; ueiau ,nk fuh tïfn%dhsvß taldnoaO fldgila ù we;' fudKreka" l,dfõ wk.s;uh njg m;aù we;' ;=kS .srjqka iy cHdñ;sl rgd j, ksi¾. wdlD;s
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
Tn oek isáfhyso@ Ø
mqrjD;a; lsysmhlg wkqj tys iïNjh rdudhKfha iy l%sIaKd foú÷kaf.a ld,hg wm f.k hhs
Ø
tïfn%dhsvß l,dj l=É ys <÷kaf.a úfkdaodxYhla f,i uq,ska mej;s w;r ;u Èh‚hkaf.a újdy we÷ï tajdhska irikq ,eì‚
Ø
l=É tïfn%dhsvß /.;a ms<s r¿ jk kuq;a tajdfha Ndú; ù we;s iquqÿ kQ,a" mn¿ iy legm;a fya;= fldg f.k w;ska fia§u ks¾foaY lrkq fkdyelsh
yev .ekaùug legm;a w,a,d ueyqula flf¾' odu ueiau" Woa§ma; ueiau iy wdmiq ueiau ^ckm%sh kduh wkqj ndlshd ueiau& ldka;d yeÜg iy msßñ Wv lnd ^flaähqka& i|yd W;aidy flf¾'
fèndßhd rdndß rdndßjreka w;r WmlKavdhï ;=kls" kñka - ldÉÑ" fèndßhd iy j.dähd hkqfjks' ldÉÑ iy fèndßhd tla l,l tlu tallhla jQ kuq;a 1940 § tajd fn§ fjkaúh' wfkl=;a foa w;r" fuu lKavdhu jvd;a ixj¾OkSh wdNrK l,dj Wreu lrf.k wdy' tïfn%dhsvß l,dj Y%uh mokï lr.;a jev rgdjla ms<sìUq lrk w;r ysia" fnd;a;ï" ueyqï iy lmamdÿ l%u Bg we;=,;a fõ' yia; tïfn%dhsvß ndOdj,g ,la ùfuka ixj¾Okh weK ysáh;a fuu l,d Ys,amfha fi!kao¾h .=Kh wffO¾hhg m;a fkdùh'
fkrdka weys neu hk wre;a we;s fkrdka hk jokska th mej; ths' ljdldr yevhla ia:dmkh lrñka fnd;a;ï ldi ueiqï tall thska fmkajhs' fldhsyeá fj;;a" fkrdka tïfn%dhsvß l,dj i;=j Bgu wdfõ‚l m%mxp ;sfnk nj igyka lsÍu wdl¾IŒh lreKls' uq,ska" th ldf¾la iy mdlaflda tïfn%dhsvß iu. tlg f.k i,lk ,§'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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ieureï
ixialD;sl idvïnrh
iy isß;a .ekhs
l=,a¨ ksïkfha idïm%odhsl ix;DIaáh iu. ÿiaiSyard wkqiaurKh flfrk w;r ux.f,Hda;aijh meje;aùu W;al¾IŒh fõ joka | uysud pdOd
úchodYaó f,i y÷kajk jefvk if|a 10 jk l,dfõ§ yd;ami w,xldr l=,a¨ ksïkfha W;aijh wdrïN flfrhs
bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
ysudp,a m%foaYa m%dka;fha l=,a¨ ys ÿiaiSyard ms<s.ekSu m%;slafIam lrñka" Tjqka m%;sudj ieureu wdrïN jkafka rfÜ fjk hï tiùug W;aidy l< kuq;a tys wêl nr ;ekl th wjika jk Èkfha nj Tn fya;=fjka th l< fkdyels úh' wfkla oek isáfhyso@ rdlaIi rcq rdjKd" w;g n%dyauKhd th .;a l,ays msydgqjla ifydaor l=ïNl¾K iy mq;a fï.akdo f.a fuka ieye,a¨ úh' ms<srE fuys § ojd,kafka ke;so@ wjidk jYfhka" l=,a¨ ys md,k úchodYaó f,i y÷kajk foú÷ka f,i fuu m%;sudj jefvk if|a oijk ia:dmkh l< w;r m%;sudj l,dfõ§ W;aijh keyejQ Y=oaO c,h mdkh wdrïN flfrk lsÍfuka miqj rcqf.a w;r Èk y;la mqrd Ydmh myj .sfhah' meje;a fõ' thska miqj" wYaúka l%sia;= j¾Ifhka udifha m<uq foi;sfha 1637 § rdcd c.;a isx ^iema;eïn¾ ueo isg ksïkh md,kh l< Tlaf;dan¾ ueo olajd& iufha fuu W;aijh rcq foújreka iy iudrïN úh' tla Èkla" fojÕkka 365 fofkl=g msáir jeisfhl= jQ ÿ¾.d ksïkhg wdrdOkd fldg ÿ;a w; uq;=weg lsysmhla r>qkd;aÔ f.a lS¾;sh fjkqfjka ;sfnk nj rcqg oek .ekSug hdÈkakla meje;aùh' ,eì‚' tajd w;alr .ekSfï wo olajd fuu W;aijh wfmalaIdj we;sj" rcq ÿ;ag wd.ñl keUqrejla iys;j m<uq Èkfha§u" ksfhda. lrñka uq;= ;udg meje;a f jk w;r tu pdß;% iajdñ r>qkd;aÔ ,ndfok f,i mejiSh' ;ud wkq . ukh ls Íu wLKavj f.a m%;sudj i;=j lsisjla fkdue;s nj;a flfrhs ' m<uq Èkfha§u" lr;a;hl jvd b,a,Su ksYaM, nj;a c.;a ia j dñ r>q k d;a Ô f.a m%;sudj ys÷jkq ,efí isxg ta;a;= .ekaùug ÿ;a lr;a;hl jvd ys÷jd W;aidy lf<ah' rcq fldamj ieureu mj;ajkq ,nka Tyqg o~qjï l< w;r ÿ;a ;u ksji ia:dkh jk od,amQ¾ udhsodka fj; f.k Tyqf.a mjqf,a wh tys oud .sksn;a lr f.dia tys je;sÍug i,iajkq ,efí' ish rcqg idm lf<ah' miqj blaukskau" c.;a .Kkla .%dóh foújreka W;al¾Ij;a isx ,dÿre frda.sfhl= njg m;a úh" thska fmryerg iyNd.s fjñka foaj;ajhg ;ud l< jro Tyqg ta;a;= .sfhah' kuialdrh lrhs' m%dfoaYSh idka;=jrfhl=f.a WmfoaYh uq¿ k.rhu irid" l=,a¨ ys iajNdúl u;" rcq úiska wfhdaOHdfõ iajdñ rdud w,xldrh w;s úYsIag o¾Ykhla f,i jeä Wmka ia:dkfha msysgqjd ;snQ fldaúf,ka lsÍug lghq;= fhdokq ,efí' ieKfl<sh iajdñ r>qkd;aÔ f.a m%;sudjla fidrlï ixialD;sl jev igyka fndfyduhla lsÍug n%dyauK jxYslfhl= heùh' m%;sudj iu.ska bÈßm;a flf¾' ihjk Èkh is;a fidrlï lr .ekSfuka wk;=rej ud¾. weo .kakd iïfï,khla f,i ie,l=ï hg ng n%dyauKhd ÿrla f.joa§ wfhdaOHd ,nk w;r m÷re .sks .ekSug ie,eiajQ îia kqjr ck;dj ;u fldaúf,a m%;sudj kÈfha bjqre lrd r>qkd;aÔ f.a lr;a;h w;=reoyka nj fidhd .;ay' Tjqka ^rd;a& weo f.k tafuka ,xld ys oeùu n%dyauKhd w,a,d .kq ,enQfhka rdcd c.;a ixfla;j;a lr;s' l=,a¨ ys W;aijh wiuiu isxf.a l=uka;%Kh fy,sorõ úh' l;dj úN+;shl w;aoelSula fõ'
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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ixjdoh
ienEu /ðK cd;sl iïudk,dNS ks<s ldka.dkd rdfkda Ôú; ld,Sk b,lal ilid ta Tiafia hhs joka | wd¾;S lmQ¾ isx
weh id¾:l;ajfha ys‚u. Tiafia by<g w;r tu w;aoelSï uf.a N+ñldj,g tlalr h;au" ldka.dkd rdfkda wNsryilg uq,aúh' .ekSug okakjd' —gdkq fjâia udkq wdmiq hful= wef.a Ôú;h ióm f,i ksÍlaIKh ths— fjkqfjka iQodkï ùug" uu È,a,s lrkafka kï" wef.a úYajdi iy wE rÕmE iriúfha mSGhl i;shla .; l<d" m%;HlaI pß;" Tyq" ldka.dkd miq.sh oYlh mqrdj f,iu fjia udre lr .ksñka" fl,a,ka b;d jeä ÿrla f.jd we;s nj" tkï" ysudp,a yeisfrk wdldrh krUñka ysáhd"— weh m%foaYa ys l=vd k.rhl isg ixl%uKh jQ fy,sorõ lrkakSh' kjfhdjqka fl,a,la f,i f.jQ ld,fha ls,sá m%;srEmhla m%;slafIam lrk isg fnfyúka jeä ÿrla f.jd we;s nj" ldka;djla ú,ig" ldka;dj flakaø lr.;a mila lr .kshs' pß; j, kshe,Su Ndr .ekSfï§ ldka.dkd udkaÈ isg uqïndhs olajd wdrlaIdldÍ úh' —ug wjYH .uk ldka.dkdg mqoa.,fhl= jqKd ug leu;s úh yels udkaÈ isg f,i mßK; ùug Wmldrj;a wdldrfha iskudjlg" th uqïndhs úh' —uf.a l%shdjka ms<sn|j m%xY fõjd" b;d,s fõjd" brdk olajd .uk j.lSï .ekSug uu bf.k fõjd ke;skï weußldkq fõjd ldka.dkdg .;a;d" ta uf.a jev .ek tf,iuhs' kuq;a tfia mejiqj;a" mqoa.,fhl= f,i úYajdihla we;slr .ekSug ldka;dj flakaø lr.;a N+ñld mßK; ùug ud bf.k .;a jydu kuq;a ud hym;a f,i fmkS hkafka" Wmldrj;a úh w;alr .;a bvlv kï jevqfKa Woa§ma;h ud lrd fhduq jk úg uykais ù jev lsÍu iu.skqhs"— jvd;a jeä md,khla lsÍug weh mjikakSh' ug wjia:dj ie,fik ksidhs' /ðK ys§ —ug fijK ÿka uf.a l=vd k.rh .ek mßoafoka" ug ;ks rduqjla we;af;a keye' ud wdvïnr fjkjd" ta uf.a Ôú;fha l=vd ßfjda,aj¾ rd‚ iy rdfcda jeks Ñ;%má l=vd úfkdaohkag ixfõ§Ndjh uf.a pß; ug jvd;a úYajdihla we;s lr .ekSug jvd;a fyd¢ka f;areï .ekSug ug Wmldr fnfyúka Wojq jQjd"— yeuodgu wjxl j;a jqKq ksidhs' ud oeka mqoa.,hka ksÍlaIKh ldka.dkd ms<s.kakSh' rdfkda bf.kSfuys lsÍfï jvd;a fyd| ;;a;ajhlg m;aj isák ,eÈ orefjl= jQ kuq;a wehf.a mQ¾j ffjoH
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
oYlhlg jvd wvq ld,hl§ cd;sl iïudk folla Èkd .ekSug ldka.dkd rdfkda lsisúgl;a wfmalaId fkdl<dh
iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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ixjdoh
ug wjYH jqKd ug leu;s úh yels wdldrfha iskudjlg" th m%xY fõjd" b;d,s fõjd" brdk fõjd ke;skï weußldkq fõjd tf,iuhs' kuq;a tfia mejiqj;a" ldka;dj flakaø lr.;a N+ñld hym;a f,i fmkS hkafka" Woa§ma;h ud lrd fhduq jk úg jvd;a jeä md,khla lsÍug ug wjia:dj ie,fik ksidhs'˜ ldka.dkd rdfkda" cd;sl iïudk,dNS rx.k Ys,ams‚h
B<Õg ldá ndá ys§ olskakg" ;ud i;=j Ôú; ld,Sk b,lal mj;sk nj ldka.dkd ms<s.kshs
úoHd mÍlaIKj,§" ;ud ffjoH úoHdj ne,Sula Tjqka w;r keye' rÕmEu tkafka bf.kSu i|yd iqÿiq fkdjk nj ldka.dkd fld;ek isgo hkak lSug Tjqka fkdokakd wjfndaO lr .;a;dh' fõÈldjg mh .eiSug w;r rx.kh" ix.S;h iy .dhkh jeo.;a fmrd;=j weh ix.S;h W.ksñka ksrEmK jkafka ukao lSug Tjqka okafka keye"— Ys,amfha kshe¨Kdh' weh ldka.dkd m%ldY lrhs' B<Õg m%ùk wOHlaI wrúkaoa .jq¾ ldá ndá ys§ olskakg" ;ud iu. jev l<dh - fï ish,a, i;=j Ôú; ld,Sk b,lal wehf.a iskud kj fhdjqka fl,a,l f,i mj;sk nj ldka.dkd ms<s. mdGud,dj ksjfika msgùu;a iu.h' kshs' hï Èkl fu.dfmdakhla w;r;=r weh wef.a Yla;sh Tmamq lr isàu;a ord isàug úYd, ie,iqul jdr Ñ;%mghla iu.ska mjd" Tjqkg úreoaOj fldgila jYfhka miq.sh ;sr rpkd ;u foudmshka bÈßhg fkdtk jif¾ ñks;a;= kjhl flá fldg we;s w;r nj hk ldrKh ldka.dkd Ñ;%mghla wOHlaIKh lrñka wOHlaIKfha wjfndaO lr .;a;dh' —Tjqkaf.a weh ;u oE;a md,khg W;aidy ,d wef.a oE;a uq¿ Ôú; ld,h ;=< § ;uka .;a;dh' Tn wehf.a wOHlaIK yeisrùu W;aidy fjkqfjka lrf.k we;s yelshdjka ms<sn| ikd: lr ;sfí foa fkdi,ld isàug ug lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdyelshs' uf.a mshd is;kjd jkafka kï" whs - mEâ tlla Tjqka ;u Ôú; iu.ska fndfyda fohla Ndú; lrñka iu Ys,amS bïrdka Ldka iu. lrk kuq;a ud tfia fkdlrk nj' uf.a weh rE.; l< ldá ndá Ñ;%mgfha uq,au foudmshka l,dlrejka fkdjk w;r ñks;a;= y; n,kak' ldka;dj kj;d,kq iskudj l,d ks¾udKhla f,i f.k fkdyelsuhæ
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bkaÈhd o¾Yk
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iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ 2015
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