India perspectives sinhala jul aug 16

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 4 n cQ,-s wf.dai; a = 2016

idxÑfha fn!oaO k.rh .fõIKh lsÍu

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cïfYä kõfrdaia f,io ye¢kafjk fuu Èkh bkaoshdfõ YfykaYdys Èk o¾Ykh wkQj ieuf¾' W;aijh ieuÍu ms‚i" ck;dj ;u ksfjia msßisÿ fldg irid" ;ukao w¿;a we÷fuka ieriS ;Hd. yqjudre lr .ks;s' ljodo( wf.daia;= 17 fld;eko( bkaÈhdj mqrd

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß úOdhl ixialdrl( fi!rí gkaLd m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u 246 jkf.dvke.s,a,, 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,sh110020" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in

úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

bkaÈhd o¾Yk wrdì" nydid bkaÿkSishd" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾uka" yskaÈ" b;d,shdkq" meIafgda" m¾ishka" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy," iamd[a[" fou< iy Ök NdIdj,ska m%ldYkh flf¾' bkaÈhd o¾Yk úldia iajrema, iu f,alï ^tlaiamS& iy ks, m%ldYl, úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh (MEA), ldur wxl 152 “ta” l=¿K, Ydia;%S Njka, kj È,a,sh -110001 f.a m%ldYkhla jk w;r úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fjkqfjka m%ldYkh lrkq ,nkafka uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .Dma bkaähd m%hsfjÜ ,sñgâ, (MMGIPL) 246 jkf.dvke.s,a,, 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,sh110020, bkaÈhdj - úisks¡ bkaÈhd o¾Yk jirlg 6 jrla m%ldYhg m;a fõ¡ ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs¡ fuys m<jk ,sms” ie,iqï yd $ fyda PdhdrEm bkaÈhd o¾Yk ys wkque;sh we;sj Ndú;d l< fyda kej; ks¾udKh l< yelsh¡ MEA yd MMGIPL, úfYaI b,a,Sula fkdue;sj imhk ,o ksIamdok, w;a msgm;a, PdhdrEm, ie,iqï úksúoNdjh yd fjk;a oE j,g isÿjk ydks fyda mdvq ms<sn|j j.lshkq fkd,efí¡ iÕrdj ;=, we;s woyia w;HjYHfhkau MEA fyda MMGIPL ys woyia fkdjk nj i,lkak¡

tkak wm yd( http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA —bkaÈhd o¾Yk˜ msgm;a i|yd wdikak;u bka§h ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h wu;kak¡

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tlai;a m%cd;ka;%jdofha kj ixèjksh......................06

mqrd;k ksOdkfha lekajih.................................... 48

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bka§h-brdk ne£ïj, kj mßÉfþohla ,sùu.............12

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idxÑfha fn!oaO Wreuh.......................................... 54

Wreuh ysre foú÷kag iaf;da;%hla.......................................64

Wreuh ffY, u; fk,k ,o wêrdcHhl jxY l:dj........... 70

ixialD;sh iaj¾Kuh f.daj.....................................................74

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bjqï msyqï

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ÈjHuh wdydr jÜfgdare.......................................... 82

bjqï msyqï fudaiï lg .eiau..................................................86

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uf.a ku Ldk...................................................... 88 cQ,s - wf.daia; 2016

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f,dj m%Odk;u m%cd;dka;%sl rdcHhka w;r kdhlhdf.a Ôú; l:dj- Tyqf.a tc i;aldrlhd kj ixèjkshla jdokh fjhs¡ tlai;a ckmo fukau wfmalaIdj ms<sn| WodyrK foñkafldx.%‍ia uKav,h bÈßmsg isÿ l< l:dfõ§ wefußldfõ yoj;a yd ukia we| ne| ;nk ,§' w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ bka§h th Rcqju yoj;ska ke.S wd tlai;a ckmo iïnkaO;dj, kj wkqkd§ l:djla jQ w;r th bka§h hq.hla ms<sn|j fufkys l< w;r ixj¾Ok wfmalaIdjka wefußldfõ wefußld tlai;a —‍b;sydifha miqneiSï˜‍ yd ieluqiq m%d.aOkfha mßj¾;kSh n,h" ckmoh fj; w.ue;s fuda È f.a yeÕSï wjika lr —‍21 jk ishjfia ;dlaIKh yd jHjidh iu. m‚jqvh yjq,aldÍ;ajhka wre;a .ekaùu˜‍ iïnkaO lsÍfï wfmalaIdj úoHdudk jQfha Yla;su;a ms<sn|j bÕs lf<ah' úkdä 45 l úh' bka§h kdhlhd wefußldjg bka È hdjla l:dj ;=<§" w;afmd<ika jghka ÿka m‚jqvh ir, tfy;a m%n, f,djg hym;a 45 lg jvd m%udKhlg ;u tlla ùh( Yla;su;a yd n,j;a jk njhs l:djg úrdu ;eîug isÿjQ bka§h bkaÈhdjla wefußldjg yd f,djg hym;a h' weußld tlai;a ckmoh fj; w.ue;s fudaÈ isÿ l< isõjk ixpdrfha jeo.;au wjia:dj jQfha Tyqf.a l:dj jQ w;r t;=< tlai;a ckmo ckdêm;s ne/la Tndud iu. isÿ l< ;=kajk iuq¿ yuqfõ idrh .eí ù ;sì‚' cQks 7 jk Èk Oj, ukaÈrfha§ bkaÈhdj yd wetc w;r isÿ jQ ñks;a;= 90 yuqj ;=< —Ndr¥r wkd.;hla fj; fhduq jq˜‍ ;SrKd;aul f.da,Sh iïnkaO;djh i|yd jQ wfmalaId iy.; ud¾. is;shula ks¾udKh úh' fuh yqÿ j.dvïnrfhka hq;a p;=r l:djla muKla fkdj bkaÈhdj yd wetc fukau uq¿ uy;a f,dalhgu mßj¾;ksh úNjhla f.k tk m%;HlaI m%;sM,hka u.ska Yla;sh ,enQjla úh' m%Odk m%;sM,hka mq¿,a lafIa;%hka ;=kla ;=< idrdxY l< yelsh( isú,a kHIaál fufyhqï" wdrlaIdj yd msßisÿ n,Yla;sh' l,la úrilj isá m%cd;ka;%jd§ rdcHhka tlsfkl yd iyfhda.S m%cd;ka;%jd§ rdcHhka njg m;a lrjQ jir 10 lg by; t<ô ;SrKd;aul kHIaál .súiqu" bkaÈhdj ;=< AP 1"000 l m%;sl%shdldrl yhla fjiaáxyjqia u.ska ;ekSu i|yd jk fmr lghq;= i|yd jk ;SrKh u.ska M, oeÍu wdrïN úh' th ;kd ksu lsÍfuka miq ta j¾.fha úYd,;uh th jkq we;' bkaÈhdj yd tc wdkhk-wmkhk nexl=j fuu jHdmD;sh i|yd ;r.ldÍ uQ,Hhk meflachla ms<sn| ;SrKhlg t<eô‚' 2017 cQks

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by<( w.ue;s fudaÈ fjdIsxgka ãiS ys§ wefußldkq nqoaêu;=ka iu.¦ my;( tc ckdêm;s ne/la Tndud iu. bka§h w.ue;s

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cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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mlsia:dkh ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s f,iu fufkys ui bkaÈhdfõ meje;aùug kshñ; cd;Hka;r iQ¾h lrñka uE;l§ US F-16 igka fcÜ hdkd mlsia:dkh n,Yla;s ikaOdkfha m<uq iuq¿j ;=<§ iQ¾h‍ n,Yla;s úiska ñ,g .ekSug W;aiy oeÍfï§ ta ms<sn|j msúiqu fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrk cd;Hka;r fldx.%ia uKav,h wefußldkq rch fj; oelajQ iQ¾h n,Yla;s ikaOdkfha ;=kajk uQ,drïNh Èh;a úfrdaOh w.h l< w.ue;s fudaÈ ;%ia;jd§ l%shdj, lsÍug iyh oelaùug fomd¾Yajh ;SrKh lrk ,§' kshef,kakka yg wkqn, §ug m%;slafIam lsÍfï bkaÈhdfõ yß; wkd.;h fj; wefußldkq uQ,Hhkh fldx.%ia uKav, wdia:dkh ms<sn|j m%Yxid uqLfhka jeä lsÍug .;a ;SrKh tla m%Odk m%;sM,hla úh' l:d lf<ah' 2020 jk úg ksjdi tall ñ,shkhla olajd msßisÿ yd —ngysr bkaÈhdfõ udhsfï isg mqk¾ckkSh úÿ,sh ,nd§u i|yd fvd,¾ wm%s‍ldj olajd jk N+ñh ;=< th ñ,shk 400 la iemhSfï tc-bka§h msßisÿ forgu msßisÿ ^;%ia;jdoh& ,dlaId¾-t- g,snd isg n,Yla;s uQ,Hhk^USICEF& uQ,drïNh n,Yla ; s g,sndka olajd yd ISIS olajd jk úúO we;s lsÍu¦ bkaÈhdj ;=< mqk¾ckkSh iyfhda.S;djh jQ kïj,ska u;= fjkq we;''' tfy;a n,Yla;s wdfhdackh jeä lsÍu i|yd j¾Okh lsÍug ffjrh" ñksuereï yd m%pKav;ajh jk iïnkaëlrK hdka;%Kh f,i ;SrKh lrk ,§ iu. jk tys o¾Ykh fmdÿh"˜‍ w.ue;s tc-bka§h msßisÿ n,Yla;s uOHia:dkh fudaÈ mejiqfõh' msysgqùu yd cd,h yd iïnkaO fkdjQ jvd È<s÷ ÿIalr .ïudkj, l=vd mßudK yß; wkd.;hla i|yd tla ùu mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s wdfhdackhka i|yd fvd,¾ wvq ldnka wkd.;hla fj; jk bka§h ixl%dka;sh ì,shk 1la olajd ,ndfok fvd,¾ ñ,shk 40 l tciksgqyka lrk ;j;a ;SrKhka fm<la ;=<" wetc bka§h W;afm%a¾l iQ¾h n,Yla;s uQ,Hhk jevigyk yd bkaÈhdj" ;=,s; meßia .súiqula iy;sl lsÍu hkdÈh fuys§ m%Odk fõ' i|yd jk id¾:l iyfhda.S;djhla f.dv ke.Sfï

,d" msßisÿ n,Yla;sh i|yd jk yjq,aldÍ;ajh bkaÈhdfõ ke.Su m%j¾Okh lsÍu jeä lr.ekSug ;SrKh l<y' 2016 iema;eïn¾ w.ue;s fudaÈf.a ixpdrh we*a.ksia:dkfha

fjdIskagka ãiS ys USIBC jgfïi idlÉPdfõ§ w.ue;s fudaÈ jHdmdr kdhlhka iu.

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tc Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajh w;r mqoa., mqoa., isg wm%sldj olajd úysfok wdrlaIl iyfhda.S;djhla iy Wml%ñl tla;ekaùula in|;do j¾Okh úh' wetc fj; meñfKk i,l=Kq lf<ah' ckdêm;s Tndud iu. isÿ jQ wvq wjodkï yd fmr wkqu; ixpdrlhka i|yd f;jk iuq¿ yuqfõ m%;sM,hla jQfha m%Odk blauka ksYaldIKh ,ndfok f.da,Sh we;=,a ùfï n,hla f,i bkaÈhdfõ ke.S tau fj; wetc jevigyk i|yd iyh ,ndfok .súiqula w;aika fj;ska iïmQ¾K iyhla ,eîu jQ w;r bkaÈhdj lsÍu ;=<ska forg w;r ck;djg ixpdrhka yd tcd wdrlaIl uKav,h ;=< iaÒr wiqkla i|yd ixialD;sl in|;d jeä lr.ekSfï bv m%ia:dj lr we;s b,a,Sug fukau kHIaál iemhqï we;s lsÍug wfmalaId flf¾' lKavdhu ^NSG&" ñihs, ;dlaIKh fjdIsxgkfha m%Odk;u md,kh lsÍfï wêldßh ^MTCR&" nqoê a u;=ka iu. w.ue;s fudaÈ ck;dj w;r TiafÜ%,shd lKavdhu yd jfikd¾ meje;ajQ iïnkaOho f.da,h S iïnka O ;d .súiqu hkd§ by< fmf<a wmkhk l%uhla ia:dms; lsÍfï ,d bka§hu.ska bka§hlKavdhïj, idudðl;ajh i|yd tc in|;djfha jeo.;alu lshd tc Wml%ñl jk b,a,Su fj; tc kdhlhd mdkakla úh' ˜‍wêldßh fkdj yjq,aldÍ;ajh jeä iyh m%ldY lr isáfhah' —fuu ui iyfhda.; S djh" ;kslÍ s u fkdj ÈhqKq flß‚ w.§ meje;afjk NSG uy iNd / iïnkaO;djh fukau f.da,h S m%cdj iaùfï§ tys idudðl;ajh i|yd jk flfrys f.!rjh oelaùu fukau bkaÈhdfõ b,a,Sug iyh olajk fuka tlai;a nysIl a rKh fkdl< hdka;K % h yd ish,a,gu jvd ckmoh ish¿u NSG rchka fj;ska b,a,d isák cd;Hka;r Í;s yd kshuhka flfrys ne£ isàu ,§' tfukau TiafÜ%,shd lKavdhu yd jfikd¾ u.ska wmf.a iyfhda.; S djh f,dj ;=< fjkialï .súiqu ;=< blauka idudðl;ajhla i|yd iyh we;s lrkq we;'˜‍ ,nd fok njgo wetc m%ldY lr isáfhah"˜‍ bka§h-tc iïnkaO;djfha W;a;Í;r jQ oelau hkqfjka taldnoaO m%ldYfha i|yka fõ' iu. fuu cd;Ska oajhh —‍21 jk ishjfia f.da,Sh oaúmd¾Yaúl in|;d ;j;a ;r lrñka bka§hyjq,alrejka tlsfkld wjfndaO lr.ekSu˜‍ olajd mq¿,a jk nj fmkS hkafka 2016 cQks 7 jkod ksl=;a l< taldnoaO m%ldYh pf,hs id;a id;a yd ikac m%hdia" iíld úldia hk uka;%hkaf.ka ud;Dld fldg we;s neúks' tc fldx.%ia uKav,h yuqfõ w.ue;s fudaÈ isÿ l< l:dfõ wjika fm< fuu yjq,aldÍ;ajh i|yd jk Woafhda.h yd Wkkaÿj jeä lrk ,§' —‍w;S;fha ixfrdaOkhka wms miq lr we;af;uq tajd wkd.;h i|yd jk ia:djr mokï fjhs"˜‍ Tyq m%ldY lf<ah' lS¾;su;a wefußldkq lsú yd od¾Ykslhd WOD; lrñka w.ue;s fuda§ fufia m%ldY lf<ah" —‍ixèjksh tys jdoH NdKav ksis f,i iqir lr we;" nia;u ix{dj ,nd § we;' thg ud hula tla lrkafka kï" oeka kj ixèjkshla jdokh fjñka we;'˜‍

udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh” www.indiawrites.org” bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

bka§h-brdk ne£ïj,

kj mßÉfþohla ,sùu

w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ fgfyrdkh fj; l< ixpdrfha wruqK jQfha n,Yla;s wxYh ;=< ñ,§.kakd -wf,úlrkakd w;r jk iïnkaO;djhg tmsáka úia;D; wd¾Ól yd Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajhla olajd bka§h -brdk iïnkaO;djh f.k hduhs joka |

uksIa pdkaoa

fjkia fjk m%dfoaYSh N+ foaYmd,ksl ;;a;ajhka yuqfõ ishjia .Kkla mer‚ YsIagdpdruh iïnkaO;djhka yd iu wNs,dYhka h<s f.dv k.ñka fgfyrdkh fj; ish m<uq ixpdrh isÿ l< w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ ^uehs 22-23&" ngysr wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< ke.S tk n,h iu. bka§h in|;djfha kj mßÉfþohla ,sùh' oYlhlg muK miq bka§h w.ue;sjrfhl= úiska l< fuu m<uq ixpdrfha m%Odk f;aud jQfha iïnkaO;djh yd jd‚cHh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd w¿;a fjk ixialD;sl in|;d Yla;su;a lsÍu jQ w;r th 21 jk ishjfia ó<Õ oYl ;=< j¾Okh jk bka§hbrdk in|;dj,g moku ieliqfõh' brdk ckdêm;s yika rjqydks yd fgfyrdkfha wdOHd;añl kdhl wfhd;=,a,d w,s lfïks iu. w.ue;s fudaÈ isÿl< mq¿,a idlÉPd ;=<ska há;, myiqlï" n,Yla;s yjq,aldÍ;ajh yd oaúmd¾Yaúl fjf<| yd wdfhdack hk lafIa;%hka ;=< iïnkaO;d Yla;su;a lsÍfï wruqKq ;yjqre flß‚' fuu idlÉPd bka§hbrdk in|;d jvd mq¿,a m%dfoaYSh oDIaá fldaKhla u; ;enqKq w;r l,dmfha iduh yd ia:djr;ajh ms<sn| ks;H WmfoaYkhka m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd ck;dj w;r in|;d

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.súiqu w;aika lsÍuhs' th N+ñfhkau jgjQ we*a. yd forg w;r iïnkaO;d Èßu;a lsÍu hkdÈh ksia:dkh fj; msúiqu iliñka l,dmh ;=< ukd flfrys wjOdkh fhduq flß‚' iïnkaO;djh" iïnkaO;djhla f.dv k.kq we;' —‍pnyd¾ jrdh fjf<|" ÿïßh" wdrlaIdj yd ixialD;sl in|;d yd ta wdY%s; há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okfha ,d jk hkd§ jQ úúO lafIa;% 12 l iïuq;Skag bkaÈhdj oaúmd¾Yaúl .súiqu iy fï i|yd yd brdkh w;aika ;nk ,§' —wmf.a bkaÈhdfjka wefvd ñ,shk 500 l yjq,aldÍ;ajfha kHdh m;%h yd úIh we*a.ksia:dk wdOdrh ,eîu jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhls' m:h i;H f,iu idrdkql+, fõ' wo ckdêm;s b;d fuu m%Odk;u W;aidyh u.ska Èk w;aika l< .súiqïj, m%;sM,hka jeo.;a .súiqula l,dmfha wd¾Ólh lrkq we;' wo Èk wmf.a Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajfha i|yd bka§h w;aika l< .súiqï yels blau‚ka kj mßÉfþohla újD; lrkq we;"˜‍ w.ue;s yd brdk l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH mshjr .ekSug hkqfjka brdk kdhlhd iu. l< ckdêm;s iu. wms lemù isákafkuq"˜‍ w.ue;s taldnoaO udOH idlÉPdjl§ w.ue;s tla jQfõh' fudaÈ m%ldY lf<ah' tfukau ;j;a fudaÈ m%ldY lf<ah' jeo.;a wjia:djla jkqfha we*a. ksia:dk ckdêm;s wYar*a >dks" bka§h w.ue;s pnyd¾ fudfyd; yd ckdêm;s rjqydks fgfyrdkfha§ yuqùu;a w.ue;s fudaÈ brdkh fj; isÿ l< ux., tu kdhlhka ;sfokd ff;%md¾Yaúl m%jdyk yd ixpdrfha m%Odk;u wjia:djla jQfha pnyd¾ ixl%u‚l fldßfvdajla i|yd jk .súiqu w;aika jrdh bÈlsÍu i|yd bkaÈhdfõ iyh iïnkaO

w.ue;s fudaÈ" brdk ckdêm;s yika rjqydks fgfyrdkfha taldnoaO udOH idlÉPdfõ§

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

by<( w.ue;s fudaÈ" we*a.ksia:dk ckdêm;s wYar*a >dks yd brdk ckdêm;s yika rjqydks ff;%md¾Yaúl yuqfõ§¦ my<( bka§h w.ue;s yd brdk ckdêm;s .súiqï w;aika lrk wjia:dfõ§

lsÍu;a h' —‍fuhg l,dmfha b;sydih fjkia l< yelsh' rgj,a ;=fkys iïuq;sh úiska wysxilhka urdoeóu muKla ;u wruqK lr.;a;jqkag úreoaOj wkfHdkH iyfhka hqla;j ke.S isàfï yelshdj Yla;su;a lrkq we;"˜‍ hkqfjka Tyq mejiqfõ l,dmfha ke.S tk ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj tu .súiqu ;nñks'

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wd¾Ól iïnkaO;dj, ke.Su iuDoaêu;a Ndjh i|yd l,dmfha rgj,a tlsfkl iómj ne| ;nk iïnkaO;djhg wu;rj P5+1 rgj,a iu. brdkh t<UqKq jeo.;a kHIaál iïuq;sh;a iu. iïndOl bj;a lsÍfuka miq we;s ù we;s kj yelshdjka w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd jk wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d i|yd jk kj uQ,drïNhka

w.ue;s fudaÈ" we*a.ksia:dk ckdêm;s wYar*a >dks iu.

bkaÈhdj yd brdkh wkdjrKh lrñka mj;S' fuhg fmdfydr" bkaOk ridhk yd pnyd¾ ksoyia fjf<| l,dmfha ^FTZ& f,day l¾udka;h jeks wxY ;=< wx.khka ieliSu i|yd bka§h iud. ïj, ie,iqïo we;=<;a jk w;r pnyd¾ ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh ;=< bka§h wdfhdack jeä lsÍfï oaúmd¾Yaúl wud;HdxYuh ld¾h n,ldh ieliSuo wh;a fõ' tfukau IRCON yd brdkfha m%jdyk yd há;, myiqlï bÈlsÍï iy ixj¾Ok iud.u ^CDTIC& iu. ióm in|;djhla Tiafia brdkh ;=< ÿïßh ud¾. ixj¾Okfha ,d mßj¾;kSh ld¾hhla bgq lsÍug bkaÈhdj lemfõ' jrŒh fjf<| .súiqu yd fojrla nÿ wh lsÍfuka je,lSfï .súiqu yd oaúmd¾Yaúl wdfhdackh iïnkaOj blauka wjika ;SrKhlg t<eöu i|yd idlÉPd meje;aùu u.skao wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d j¾Okh flfrkq we;' fgfyrdkfha wd¾Ól wfmalaIdjka j¾Okh lsÍfuka brdkh

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

Ndhs .x.d isx iNd .=reoajdrfha /iaj isá msßi wu;k w.ue;s fudaÈ

f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh ;=< by< kexùug ;%ia;jdoh yd /äl,ajdohg tfrysj lghq;= lsÍug bkaÈhdj iyh ,nd fok ,§' bka§h l¾udka; fomd¾Yajhu tlÕ fjk ,§' —‍bkaÈhdj yd brdkh lkaf*vf¾IKfha l,dm ld¾hd,hla újD; lsÍu l,dmfha iduh" ia:djr;ajh yd iuDoaêu;aNdjh u.ska oaúmd¾Yaúl fjf<| yd wdfhdackhka jeä i|yd ;SrKd;aul fjhs' wmf.a l,dmfha wia:djr lsÍug iyh ,efnkq we;' nj /äl,ajdoh yd ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj lghq;= 2016 f;jk ld¾;=j ;=< *¾idâ î jdhq fldgi lsÍug wm tlÕ ù we;' ;%ia;jdoh" /äl,ajdoh" ;=< OVL ys wd¾Ólh i|yd jk jd‚c u;aøjH fjf<|du yd ihsn¾ wmrdO tlÕ;djh ms<sn| wjika ;SrKhlg j,g tfrysj iómj l%shd;aul ùu l,dmfha iduh" meñŒfï ;SrKh iu.ska brdkfha ms<sn|j wm tlÕ;djhkag t<U ;sfí"˜‍ ia:djr;ajh yd f;,a yd jdhq wxYh ixj¾Okfha ,d w.ue;s fudaÈ mejiqfõh' iuDoaêu;aNdjh bkaÈhdfõ wLKav iyNd.S;ajh jeä i|yd bkaÈhdj ÈhqKq úh' ixialD;sl iïnkaO;djh yd brdkh bka§h-brdk iïnkaO;djfha uQ,hka ;SrKd;aul wdrlaIdj flfrys wjOdkh ixialD;sl ne£ïj, ;sfnk w;r fjhs' fuys§ .kakd ,o ;j;a jeo.;a iuyr ixialD;sluh jQ .súiqï w;aika ;SrKhla jkqfha wdrlaIdj yd ;%ia; lsÍï ;=<ska úoHdudk fjhs' ICCR iy úfrdaë iyNd.s;ajhka ;r lsÍuhs' bkaÈhdj yd bia,dóh ixialD;sh yd iïnkaO;d ixúOdkh brdkh iuqø‍ wdrlaIdj ms<sn| jeä wjOdkhla fhduq ^ICRO& w;r wjfndaO;d .súiqula w;aika lsÍu" lrñka wdrlaIdj iïnkaO iyfhda.S;djh jeä ixialD;sl yqjudre jevigyka w¿;a lsÍu" ÈhqKq lr .ekSug tlÕ fjk ,§' ngysr wdishdkq iyfhda.S;djh i|yd jk kj udj;a .fõIKfha l,dmfha fjkiajk iq¿ Ndjh uOHfha jqjo ,d ksmqKhkaf.ka iukaú; lKavdhula ia:dms;

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bka§h brdk iïnkaO;dj, zm%;Hdjf,dalkh yd wfmalaIdjz cd;Hka;r iuq¿j iudrïNfha§ mxp;ka;%fha ÿ,n w;amsgm;la jk tys m¾ishdkq mßj¾;kh ^l,sf,ya jd-äïfkya& ksl=;a lrk w.ue;s fudaÈ

lsÍu" fgfyrdk úYaj úoHd,fha yskaÈ NdIdj ms<sn| tmsáka úia;D; wd¾Ól yd Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajhla ;k;=rla we;s lsÍu yd bkaÈhdj ;=< m¾ishdkq olajd bka§h -brdk iïnkaO;djh f.k hduhs' NdIdjka ms<sn| mdGud,d i|yd iyh ,nd§u fgfyrdkh fj; w.ue;s fudaÈ isÿ l< ixpdrh hkdÈh rgj,a fol w;r ixialD;sl in|;d w¿;a isÿjQfha ßhdoa fj; .sh .ukg udi lsysmhlg lrkakdla fukau ck;dj w;r iïnkaO;djhka miqj jk w;r l,dmfha m%Odk n,lKq iu. m%j¾Okh lrkq ,nhs' —bkaÈhdj yd iïnkaO;djh ;r lsÍug kj È,a,sfha brdkh kj ñ;=rka fkdfõ' wmf.a ie,iqu bka bÕs flß‚.

—‍wmf.a ñ;% ; a j h ñ;%;ajhg È.= b;sydihla we;' Y; —YsIagdpdruh iïnkaO;djh" wmf.a l,dmfha j¾I .Kkdjla wmf.a iudchka iuld,Sk ikao¾Nh˜‍ kï taldnoaO ia:djr;ajh l,dj yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" woyia m%ldYh ;=< w.ue;s fudaÈ bka§h-brdk ms<sn| idOlhla yd iïm%odhka" ixialD;sh yd jd‚cH iïnkaO;djfha .uka u. ir, tkuq;a jkq we;'˜‍ ;=<ska tlsfklg ne£ mj;S"˜‍ w.ue;s m%n, jokska olajd we;" —wmf.a w.ue;s fudaÈ fudaÈ mejiqfõh' fuh brdkfha by< ñ;%;ajh wmf.a l,dmfha ia:djr;ajh mejiqfõh fm< kdhl;ajh úiskao yDohdx.u ms<sn| idOlhla jkq we;'˜‍ lS¾;su;a f,i úoHdudk lrk ,§' m¾ishdkq lsú >,sí f.a fomeÈhla w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ fgfyrdkh fj; l< WOD; l< w.ue;s fufia mejiqfõh" —‍wm wmf.a ixpdrfha wruqK jQfha n,Yla;s wxYh ;=< ñ,§. uki wjÈ lr.;a úg" ldYs yd lYdka w;r ÿr wä kakd -wf,úlrkakd w;r jk iïnkaO;djhg Nd.hla muKla fjkq we;'˜‍ udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh” www.indiawrites.org” bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ

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bka§h- we*a.ksia:dk

YsIagdpdruh ne£u n, .ekaùu

we*.aka- bka§h ñ;%;aj fõ,a, f,i oeka ye¢kafjk i,aud fõ,a," bkaÈhdfõ yd we*a.ksia:dkh tlsfklg ne| ;nk Ñria:dhS yjq,aldÍ;ajfha ixfla;hla fjhs' joka |

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uhqß uqL¾Ô

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cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

we.ksia:dk- bka§h ñ;%;aj fõ,a, f,i kej; bkaÈhdfõ yd we*a.ksia:dkfha Wml%ñl fyda kï lrk ,o i,aud fõ,a, jHdmD;sh ;=<ska N+ foYmd,ksl ne£ïj,g tyd .sh Y;j¾I bka§h - we*.ksia:dk oaúmd¾Yaúl in|;d .Kkla mer‚ YsIagdpdruh ne£u ms<sn| Èÿ,k foi ne,Sfï§" 2006 jif¾ bka§h bxðfkarejka idlaIHla jk i,aud fõ,a,o Wiaj kef.kqfha yd Y%ñlhka lsiaÜ-t-Yß*a Èia;%slalfha fyrdÜ tu Èia;%slalh ;=<uh' k.rhg lsó 160 la muK W;=ßka udi yhla we;=<; fojk msysá yß reoa .fÕa bÈlsÍï N+ñh jrg;a we*a.ksia:dkh fj; .uka fufjd 42 l n,d. fj; meñŒu isyshg kefÕa' tfia l< w.ue;s fudaÈ yd we.ksia:dk drh bka§hhka yd ke;fyd;a ler,s yd hqoaOj,g ckdêm;s fudfyduâ wY%*a we*a.kajre 1500lg fmr" bka§h rcfha c, iïm;a >dks úiska iudrïN lrk ,o jeä m%udKhl ms<sno wud;HdxYh hgf;a msysgqjk we*a.ka-bka§h ñ;%;aj fõ,a, lKavdhula úiska ,o rdcH wxYfha wdh;khla jk bkaÈhdj úiska we*a.ksia:dkh bÈ lrk ,§ iSudiys; c, yd n, WmfoaYk ;=< isÿ l< úYd,;u ixj¾Ok fiajd ^bka§h& iud.u (WAPCOS) jHdmD;Skaf.ka tlls' fufjd 42 2016 jk úg wjika l< jHdmD;sh m<uqjrg l n,ddrh bkaÈhdkqjka yd we*a.kajre 1500 we*a.ksia:dkh ;=< wdrïN l< ld,h jk 70 lg wêl m%udKhla úiska jir 10 l ld,hla .Kkaj,g msh k.uq' tfiao ke;fyd;a Y; ;siafia fldaá 1"775 la úhoï lr bÈ lrk ,§' j¾I .Kkdjlg fmr iq*s Ydka;=jr lajdcd fuu fõ,af,ys Wi ó 104'3 lao" È. ó 540la fudhskqoa§ka ÑYaá úiska we*a.ksia:dkfhaa o m;af<ys m<, ó 450 lao fjk w;r lshqìla wdrïN lrk ,o ÑYaá l%uh rdcia:dkfha ógr ñ,shk 633 l o< Odß;djlskao hqla; fjhs' wÊu¾ys ia:dms; lsÍu fj; yefruq' wo jk úg tu.ska fylaghdr 80"000 l bvï m%udKhlg

wNsuqL msgqj(we*a.ksia:dk ckdêm;s fudfyduâ wY%*a >dks úiska fyrdÜ ys§ bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ ms<s.ksñka¦ ^my<&( we*a.ka-bka§h ñ;%;aj fõ,a,

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

jdßud¾. iemhSug;a fyrdá ksfjia yd jHdmdr mej;sfha 2002 jif¾§h' ;,sndkajre ldnq,aj,ska oyia .Kklg úÿ,sh iemhSug;a ie,iqï lr t,jd oud ;snQ w;r rdcH ;dka;%slfhl= yd we;' f,aLkuh jYfhka .;a l< fuh" óg jvd yelshdfjka msßmqka we*.ka kdhlfhl= jQ yñâ fndfyda úYd, fõ,s yd c,dYhka foaYShj bÈ l¾idhsf.a fm!reIh msß md,kh tys fyd|u l< bkaÈhdjg t;rï uyd mßudK l¾;jHhla wÈhfrys isáfhah' cd;Hka;r m%cdj fj;ska fkdjk nj fmkS .sh;a ìï uÜgñka fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kka hqoaOfhka th fjkiau l:dkaorhla úh' mSvdjg m;ajQ fuu cd;sh fj; fuu m% O dk jHdmD;sh kej; wdrïN lsÍu .,d tñka ;snqKq w;r i¾jY=Njd§ jHdmD;sh ms<sn|j bkaÈhdj ksfõokh l< úg wdl,amhka me;sr hñka ;sì‚' we*a.ksia:dk th meyeÈ,s f,iu l< hq;= fohla uQ,sl wOHhk iïmQ¾K ù ck;djg §¾> ù ;sì‚' fuh we*a.ka ck;djg jHdmD;s wruqo,a wkqu; fjk úg ld,Sk m%;s,dN §¾> ld,Sk m%;s,dNhka ,nd fok ;;a;ajh jvd krl w;g yeÍ ,ndfohs m%Odk há;, myiqlï jHdmD;shla ;sì‚' ;,sndkajre kej; lKavdhï jQ w;ru th È,a,sfha úfoaY wdOdr .efiñka ;sì‚' fkdfnda l,lskau yd iyh ;=< jk ixj¾OkdNsuqL t<eUqu iu.o Tjqka kej;;a rg mqrd ;%ia; l%shd wdrïN lrk fyd¢ka .e,fma' tfukau fidaúhÜ wdl%uKhg ,§' 2008 jif¾§ ldnq,a kqjr msysá bka§h fmr isgu fuu jHdmD;sfha kshe¿k WAPCOS ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hg .sks ;enQ w;r mqoa.,hka 58 kej;;a keje;ajQ ;ek isg tu jHdmD;sh la ureuqjg m;a bh' bka§h mqoa.,hka hk tk wdrïN lsÍu ienúkau wre;a iy.; úh' ;snQ ,o ;dkdhï fj; m%ydr t,a, lrk ,§' bka§h tlu .eg¿j jQfha wdrlaIdjhs' kuq;a th tfia bÈlsÍï lïlrejka yd ffjoHjre >d;kh lrk

i,aud fõ,af,a iudrïNl W;aijfha§ w.ue;s fudaÈ yd we*a.ksia:dk ckdêm;s ^ol=K&

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w.ue;s fudaÈ yd we*a.ksia:dk ckdêm;s fudfyduâ wYar*a >dks we*a.ka bka§h ñ;%;aj fõ,af,a iudrïNl W;aijfha§

,o w;r miq.sh jif¾§ ldnq,a kqjr ;dkdhï fkdfok ,§' tu .eg¿j ksrdlrKh lr.kq fj; lvd mksk ,o ;,sndkajre bka§hhka isjq ,enQfha bkaÈhdfõ ksy~ tfy;a fjfyilr fofkla yg Ôú; wysñ Èkh' we*a.ksia:dkfha rdcH;dka;%sl l%shdoduhka ;=<sks' bkamiq uQ,Huh bka§h ¥; lKavdhï kej; kej;;a m%ydrhg .eg¿ Woa.; úh' 2004 § uQ,sl whjeh jQfha ,la jQ w;r meyerf.k hdï ms<sn| wjodku fldaá z350 la jQ kuq;a th 2004 jk úg fldaá Èfkka Èk jeä fjñka ;sì‚' fuu bÈlsÍï jev z1"800la muK jQfhah' ìu b;d ÿrneyerj msysàu yd fyrdÜ k.rhg flfia fj;;a wjidkfha§ 2016 cQks 4 jk iïnkaOjk ud¾.hg iómj msysàu od w.ue;s fudaÈ yd ckdêm;s >dks ksid wkdrlaIs; ;;a;ajfha mej;=K fõ,af,a fidfrdõ fodrgq újr 2004§ uQ,sl neúka fuys fiajh lrk Y%ñlhka l< fnd;a;u l%shd lrk úg fuu whjeh jQ fldaá yd ks,OdÍkaj uilg jrla ;eka jHdmD;sh i|yd jeh z350" 2016 jk ;ekaj,g udre lsÍug we*a.ka l< iEu remsh,lau" úg fldaá z1800 rchg isÿ úh' ñksia mehlau" f,a olajd jeä úh bkamiq meñ‚fha ixúOdkd;aul ì÷jlau yd oyäh .eg¿h' WodyrKhla f,i l÷,lau jákd nj mlsia:dkh yryd jHdmD;s øjH yd WmlrK fudkjg mila úh' m%jdykh lsÍu jvd myiq jqj;a th l< fkdyels wo Èkfha§ we*a.ka-bka§h úh' tneúka bka fndfyda m%udKhla m<uqj ñ;%;aj md,u we.ksia:dkh ;=< brdkhg keõ.; lr bkamiq we*a.ksia:dkhg bkaÈhdfõ ixj¾Ok wdOdr úoyd f.k wdhq;= úh' brdkho m<uqj l÷ mqmqrjd olajk fukau forg tlsfklg ne| yeÍug m%udKj;a vhskuhsÜ úYd, m%udKfhka ;nk úfYaI nkaOkfha ixfla;hla ;u foaYh yryd m%jdykh lsÍug wjir f,io Èÿ,hs'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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uQ,drïNh

f,dj IDY 2.0

iurhs

f,dj mqrd fjfik fhda. f,da,Syq 2016 cQks 21 jk Èk fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh ieuÍug tla fjñka fhda. iu.ska ;u Èkh werUQy

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wNsuqL msgqj( bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ pkaÈ.d¾ya isg fhda. ixo¾Ykhlg iyNd.s fjñka¦ by<( meÍisfha whs*,a l=¿K bÈßmsg ck;dj fhda. wNHdij, kshef,ñka

fi!LHu;a yd ;srir Ôjk rgdjlg fhda. olajd ld,hla ieuÍï isÿú‚' flfia fj;;a u.ska isÿ flfrk odhl;ajh wjOdrKh lsÍu wNHka;r .egqï yd foaYmd,ksl wiykldÍ i|yd f,dj mqrd isák ñ,shk .Kkla jQ ;;a;ajhka ksid ms<sfj<ska fhaukh yd nqrekaä ck;dj 2016 cQks 21 Èk fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. fï i|yd iyNd.s jQfha ke;' fuu ieurefï Èkh ieurEy' wruqK jQfha fhda. u.ska we;sjk m%;s,dNhka w.ue;s fudaÈ" 2014 jif¾§ n,hg meñ‚ ms<sn|j f,dj mqrd oekqj;a lsÍï isÿ lsÍuhs' jydu fhda. i|yd úYaùh jYfhka we;s úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh m<uqjk fhda. ms<s.ekSu y÷kd.ksñka fuu ieureug jvd fojk jd¾Isl W;aijh f,dj mqrd ieuÍug wjYH ieureu by<ska meje;aùu i|yd mq r d;k YdÍßl" lghq;= l< w;r 2014 foieïn¾ 11 ¥; uKav, yd úfoaY ;k;=rej,g udkisl yd jkod tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixúOdkh jeä iïm;a m%udKhla ,nd§ tu wdOHd;añl YslaIK úiska cQks 21 cd;Hka;r fhda. lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh lrñka l%uhla jk fhda. Èkh jYfhka ksfõokh lrk ,§' iyh oelaùug wjYH l%shd ud¾. bkaÈhdfõ wdrïN mqrd;kfha mgka mejf;k hka .kakd ,§' jQjls' YdÍßl" udkisl yd wdOHd;añl YslaIKhla jk fhda." tys kduh iqúfYaIS ia:dk f.k we;af;a ixialD; NdIdfjks' ixialD; fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh (IDY) úúO NdIdfjka fhda. hkqfjka woyia jkafka jQ kjH tla lsÍïj,ska w,xlD; úh' tys hful=f.a YÍrh yd ú{dkh tald;añl ùuhs' wo m%Odk;u wdl¾IKhla jQfha ksõfhdala kqjr jk úg f,dj mqrd fhda. m%p,s;j ;sfnkq oelsh tlai;a cd;Skaf.a f.dvke.s,a, fhda. bßhõ yelsh' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idudðl rgj,a 191 la wkQj wdf,dalu;a lsÍuhs' fuu úfYaIs; jQ yd fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh i|yd iyh olajd tjeks wdldrfha tlu ieuÍu iyNd.sjkakka th ieurE w;r cQks 18 od isg cQks 26 jkod Woafhda.fhka ;eîug iu;a úh' miq.sh jr

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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uQ,drïNh

f,dj mqrd cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r udOHhka fuu ieurefï ukialdka; o¾Yk yiq lrf.k ;sì‚' COUNTRY

PARTICIPANTS

50,500 10,000 8,000

RUSSIA POLAND ZIMBABWE BELGIUM & LUXEMBOURG

6,000 VENEZUELA 5,000 HUNGARY 5,000 SINGAPORE 4,000 REPUBLIC OF KOREA 3,000 PERU & BOLIVIA 3,000 FRANCE 2,800 CZECH REPUBLIC 2,000

k.rhka ;=< k.rhka ;=< meje;ajqKq úfYaI ieuÍïj, úYd, iyNd.S;ajhla oelsh yels úh CITY PARTICIPANTS

MOSCOW

DHAKA

BANGKOK

KANDY

BUDAPEST

CITY PARTICIPANTS

KYIV

SHANGHAI

NAIROBI

HO CHI MINH CITY

BOGOTA

CITY PARTICIPANTS

TORONTO

JAFFNA

HANOI

CHICAGO

BALI

CITY PARTICIPANTS

LONDON

SOFIA

BIRGUNJ

BUENOS AIRES

DAR-ES-SALAAM

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

45,000 25,000 19,500 10,000 n

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10,000 10,000 10,000 9,500

8,000 8,000 6,000 5,000

5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

5,000 4,300

4,000 4,000

jfï isg olaIsKdj¾;j( fldf<dïìhdfõ fuv,ska kqjr" fn,dreia ys ñkaiala kqjr yd fjksishq,dfõ w.kqjr jk ldlia ys wdik wNHdi isÿ lrk fhda. jD;a;slhka'

meje;ajQ fhda. Èkhg jvd fujr ieuÍu jvd mq¿,a jQfha rgj,a lsysmhlau tla fhda. Èkhla fkdj fhda. i;shlau m%ldYhg m;a lr Èkh mqrd Èfjk wjia:djka ixúOdkh lsÍfuks' f,dal fjf<| uOHia:dkh" vqndhs ys n¾Ê w,a werí" ,kavka md,u" meÍisfha whs*,a l=¿K" fldamkafyakays rdclSh Whk" ðksjdys m,hs fv fkaIkaia" fjdIsxgka ãiS fyd lemsg,a ys,a" Ök uyd m%dldrh" hqfrdamd md¾,sfïka;=j yd yrdf¾ys úlafgdaßhd we,a, hkdÈh fhda.dikfha fhfok ck;djkag miqìï iemhQfõ"th oDYHuh f,i ft;sydisl wjia:djla njg m;a lrñks' i;H jYfhkau isâks jrdh md,u u; isá fhda.sjre 12 fofkla tÈk wrefKdaoh ms<s.;a w;r tys ish¿ fhda. l%shdldrlï má.; l<y ,ÿj miqj iudc udOH Tiafia m%pdrh lrk ,§'

wruqK ;yjqrelsÍu ldïfndach" TiafÜ%,shdj yd iaf,daùkshdj hk rgj, w.ue;sjrekaf.ka iyh m, lsÍfï m‚jqv ,eì‚' ,kavka rdclSh we,anÜ Yd,dfõ Y%S rú ixl¾ úiska mj;ajk ,o úfYaI W;aijhl§ ì%;dkH w.ue;s fâúâ leurka iyh oelaùfï m‚jqvhla iu. w;:H f,i iïnkaO jQfhah' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uy f,alï neka ls uQka miq.sh jif¾§ fukau fï jif¾§;a iyh m, lsÍfï m%ldYhla ksl=;a lf<ah' f,dal kdhlhka lsysm fofklau iudc udOH yryd

ATHENS

BEIRUT

TEL AVIV

COLOMBO

MEXICO CITY

ST DENIS, REUNION ISLAND

SYDNEY

MANDALAY

ST PETERSBURG

BISHKEK

HONG KONG

MONTEVIDEO

PHNOM PENH

LJUBLJANA

JOHANNESBURG

HELSINKI

4,000 4,000 4,000 3,500

3,500 3,000

3,000 3,000

3,000

2,000

2,600

2,000

2,000

2,600

2,000

2,500

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

OSLO

FRANKFURT

2,000

2,000 n

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uQ,drïNh

uqia,sï f,dalh ;=< uqia,sï cd;slhkaf.a rduodka ld,ho fuu uiu mej;sho" fhda. tjek oeä Wkkaÿjlska iurkq ,eì‚' PLACE DUBAI BANGLADESH OMAN ABU DHABI LEBANON KYRGYZSTAN JAKARTA BAHRAIN EGYPT MALAYSIA KUWAIT JEDDAH RIYADH

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PARTICIPANTS

25,000 10,000 6,000 3,500 3,500 3,000 3,000 1,700 750 700 600 600 250 cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkhg iyh m, lr ;sì‚' n%iS, úfoaY weu;s fcdfia fird" ÜùÜ m‚jqvhla u.ska fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fjkqfjka bkaÈhdjg iqndYsxik msß keuqfõh' wefußldkq foaYmd,k{ yd äfudl%ála mlaIfha idudðl ;=,ais .end¾â Üúg¾ ys fufia olajd ;sì‚" —wm cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh w;a olsk fuu fudfydf;a fhda. j, i;H wre; yd wdOHd;auh ieuÍug wmg yelsfõjd' hqfkiaflda ixúOdkfha wOHlaI ckrd,a whsßkd fndfldajd Üúg¾ u; ùäfhda m‚jqvhla ;nñka fufia m%ldY l<dh" —wo Èkh wm iu.u;a wfkla wh iu.;a wmf.a f,dalh iu.;a idufhka iyÔjkfhka nef|k Èkhls' ud Tng wmQ¾j cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkhla m;kjd'˜‍ tlai;a rdcOdksfha wud;H uKav,fha isák bka§h iïNjhla iys; m%S;s mfg,a kï weu;sjrhd id¾:l fhda. Èkhla meje;aùu

uqia,sï f,dj fj;ska meñ‚ m%N+ka yd lS¾;su;a mqoa.,hka uqia,sï yd yd wrdì rgj,aj, mej;s cd;Hka;r fhda. Èk ieureï ;=< tys foaYmd,k kdhlhka" ks,OdÍka yd úúO lafIa;%j, lS¾;su;a mqoa.,hka iyNd.s fjkq olakg ;sì‚' COUNTRY

CELEBRITY

tlai;a wrdì tó¾ rdÊhjh ixialD;sh ms<sn| weu;s fIhsla kdyahdka ìka uqndrla w,a kyahdka yd WfmalaIdj ms<sn| rdcH wud;H fIhsld ¨íkìkaÜ L,Sâ ìka iq,a;dka w,a ldisï ls¾.sia:dkh ls¾.Sia ckrcfha ysgmq ckdêm;s frdai Tgqkanfhjdkaoa" fi!LH ms<sn| rdcH f,alï yd ìIaflla k.rdêm;s uef,aishdj fi!LH wud;H vgqla fiß" wdpd¾h tia iqn%udkshï m%Odk W;aijfha m%Odk wuq;a;d f,i iyNd.s úh l=fõÜ m%Odk wdrdê;hka jQfha m%jD;a;s wud;Hjrhd yd ;reK lghq;= ms<sn| rdcH wud;Hjrhdh áhqkSishdj ;reK yd l%Svd lghq;= wud;Hjrhd gðlsia:dkh ixialD;sl lghq;= wud;HdxYfha ksfhdacH wud;H f,nkkh frdc¾ tã yd w,s Tfihsrka hk md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjre ´udkh ´udka fgksia l%Svl *Üud w,a kNdks yd ´udkfha m%Odk;u ;r. ßh Odjl wyauoa w,a yd¾;s by< jfï isg olaIsKdj¾;j( pex.a idx, Ökh, ueä%â ueä%â fldx ys ieureï ixúOdkh lr ;sì‚ ju( fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkfha§ fuda,agdfõ oeßhla fhda. bßhõjl

m,ia;Skh fn;af,fyï k.rdêm;s fõrd ndnqka Bðma;=j Bðma;=fõ ñysl; rE /ðK budÊ wyauoa yika nx.a,dfoaYh cd;sl mdmkaÿ l%Svl cysâ yika wfu,s" ix.S;fõ§ yîí jySâ" k¿ wfr*ska Y=fjda yd .dhlhka jk wÅ,a w,ï.s¾ yd wdf,dala l=ud¾ fika

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uQ,drïNh

iïnkaOfhka bka§h uy flduidßiajrhdg iqn me;=fõh' rkaî¾ isx iQß idñjrhd yd md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S fndí í,elauka ^trd& ieureïj,g iyNd.s jQ w;r fmr fkdjQ úrE f,i fhda. Èkh meje;aùu iïnkaOfhka w.ue;s fudaÈf.a mshjrhka w.h lf<dah' f,dj mqrd kdhlhka" ÊfHIaG rdcH ks,OdÍka yd moú orkakka" ckm%sh mqoa.,hka yd idudkH ck;dj fuu mqrd;k bka§h YslaIK l%uh i|yd iyh olajk ,§' Y%S ,xld ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak" Tgdjd ys k.rdêm;s ðï fjdÜika yd ysgmq BY%dh, w.ue;s Ysfudka fmf¾ia jeks m%N+ka cd;Hka;r fhda. Èk ieureïj,g iyNd.S jQy'

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lS¾;su;a mqoa.,hkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh lS¾;su;a mqoa.,hka .Kkdjlao ;u rg ;=< fhda. ieureï yd iïnkaO jQ w;r th idudkH ck;dj fndfyda m%udKhlg fï yd iïnkaO ùug u. mEÿfõh' fuu wjia:dj i,l=Kq lsÍu ms‚i" Üúg¾ bkaähd kj bfudað whslkhla y÷kajdÿka w;r tys jQfha ;%sj¾K miqìul fhda.dikhls' fuh f,dj mqrd ck;dj yEIage.h iu. fhda. Èkh #YogaDay i|yka lsÍfï§ Ndú;d lrk ,§' 2014 wefußldkq rE /ðk kSkd vjq¨‍ß" ysgmq ol=Kq wm%sldkq l%slÜ l%Svl fcdkaá frdaâia" ì%;dkH .dhl gdkshd fj,aia" úhÜkdu ks<s yd wOHlaIsld udhs ;= yqfhka" reishdkq .dhsld jef,aßhd" lS¾;su;a mdmkaÿ l%Svl isflda yd bka§h ks<shka jk cqyS yjq,d yd Ys,amd

wE; by< jfï isg olaIsKdj¾;j( kj È,a,sfha rdYa;%m;s Njka ys iqúi,a fhda. oelaug iyNd.s jQjka¦ fcdaoamQ¾ msyskqï ;gdlh ;=< wdik wNHdij, kshef,k ck;dj¦ fgdalsfhda¦ ñkaiala¦ ,kavka md,u wi< yd fjdIsxgka ãiS lemsg,a ys,a bÈßmi fhda. bßhõj, isák ck;dj

fIÜá l=kaød hkd§kaf.a iyNd.S;ajh fuys§ lemS fm‚k'

iïm;a iemhSu úfoaY m%pdrK yd uyck rdÊfHdamdh wxYh [XPD] u.ska úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha iudc udOH fõÈldjka Ndú;d lr cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkhg fmr" w;r;=r yd miqj tys Wmßu n,mEu iudch fj; ,nd fok ,§' XPD úiska bka§h w.ue;sf.a yd úfoaY lghq;= wud;Hjrhdf.a ùäfhda m‚jqv NdId .Kkdjlska ¥; uKav, fj; ,nd § iyh olajk ,§' AYUSH wud;HdxYh u.ska ilik ,o fmdÿ fhda. flgqïm; ^Common Yoga Protocol kï jd¾;d Ñ;%mgh NdId wglg y~ leùu yd Wm YS¾I fh§u isÿ l< w;r

fmdÿ fhda. flgqïm; kï fmd;a msxp tlai;a cd;Skaf.a NdIdj,go mßj¾;kh lr ish¿u ¥; uKav,hka fj; hjkq ,eîh' mj;sk iudc udOH msgqj,g wu;rj úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxY fjí wvúh ;=<u cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh ms<sn|ju jQ fjí msgqjla m, lrk ,o w;r th idudkH ck;djg f;dr;=re imhd.; yels fukau fhda. Èkh ms<sn|j jk f;dr;=re ¥; uKav,j,go ,ndfok fjí msgqjla njg m;a úh' t;=< wka;¾ l%shdldÍ;aj is;shu lska f,dj mqrd isÿfjk úúO ieureï oelsh yels úh' facebook, twitter, YouTube yd Instagram fukau cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkfha fjí msgqjo u.ska tla tla wjia:djkaj, úia;r" rEm yd ùäfhda u.ska mßYS,lhka oekqj;a flß‚' @MEAIndia yd @

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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wNsuqL msgqj ^by< isg&( fojk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fn,af.a%â cd;sl iNdj, i¾ìhdj, Tidld, ieka fmfv%d iq,d” fydkavqrdia yd fudfrdlafldj ;=< úYd, yerjqula iksgqyka lf<ah’ by<( fl%dtaIshdfõ fhda. f,da,Ska

IndianDiplomacy

yryd iqúfYaIS mqoa.,hkaf.a iÔj l< iudc udOHj, ;j;a ks¾udKd;aul ,laIKhla Üúg¾ m‚jqv ,nd§u fj; jeä wdl¾IKhla ,eî jQfha" úúO yEIa ge.a Ndú;fhka fl;rï Üùg ;sì‚' iyNd.S;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï ,d fhda. m%udKhla m, lf<ao yd fhda. Èkhg wod, ixjdo .=reka yd fhda. ixúOdko jeo.;a ld¾hhla bgq ;=< lS fofkla iïnkaO jQfhao hkak ms<sn|j lrk ,§' Ôj;aùfï l,dj" mgkac,S wdhq¾fõoa" Üúg¾ u.ska lrk ,o úYaf,aIKhhs'fuu o;a; n%yau l=udß" ISKCON" BId moku yd mokï lr.;a Tjqyq iudc udOH whsfhka.¾ moku bka lsysmhla jk ;=< cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fl;rï cd;sl yd w;r cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fj; le<Uqulg ,la lf<ao hkak ms<sn| cd;Hka;r Tjqkaf.a wkq.dñlhka úYd, jYfhka oDYH mghla ks¾udKh lr ;sì‚' fuu udOH úiska iïnkaO lrk ,§' úYaf,aIKh wkQj f,dj mqrd fhda. Èk fuu wjia:dfõ l%shdldrlï fndfyduhla l%shd;aul jQ ukialdka; n,mEu cQks 19-22 olajd ld,h ;=< Üùg 560"000 o¾Yk .%yKh fldgf.k fuu jif¾§ cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r la ks¾udKh ù ;sì‚' cQks 21 jkod ;sì‚' udOH úiska f,dj mqrd flreKq ñks;a;=jlg Üùg 630 l Wmßuhlg cd;Hka;r fhda. Èk ieureïj, <Õd ù ;sì‚' ukialdka; o¾Ykhka wdjrKh lrk ,o w;r ¥; uKav, yd úfoaY fiajh úiskao ;:Hld,Skj fuu ieuÍï iïnkaO ixjdohka iudc udOHj, iudc udOH ;=< hdj;a lsÍï l< w;r tu.ska kj ixêia:dkhla i,l=Kq lrk ,§' fhda. Èk ieureï fj; isÿ flreKq w;s úYd, fuu jif¾ cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh wdjrKh iyNd.S;ajh fmkakqï flß‚'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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jHdmdr in|;d ;r lsÍug BRICS

fhdod .ekSu

Tlaf;dan¾ ui kj È,a,sfha§ meje;aùug kshñ; m<uqjk BRICS fjf<| m%o¾Ykh" wka;¾ -BRICS wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu;a jHdmdr m%cdfõ idudðlhka w;r in|;d Yla;su;a lsÍu;a wruqKq lrf.k we; joka |

Tkald¾ lkaj¾

BRICS

^n%iS,h" reishdj" bkaÈhdj" Ökh yd ol=Kq wm%sldj& f.dv k.d oYlhlg;a jeä ld,hlg miq" fuu lKavdhu f.da,Sh fõÈldj ;=< jeo.;a ia:dkhla ,nd we;' ol=Kq wm%sldj fuu wiaÓ;ajhg we;=<;a ùfuka miq N+f.da,Shj" ixialD;sluh f,i yd wd¾Ól uQ,O¾uhka w;ska oeä úúO;ajhla iys; rgj,aj, n,j;a wd¾Ól lKavdhula ks¾udKh úh' wo jk úg" th f.da,Sh yd m%dfoaYSh jeo.;alulska hq;= .eg¿ yd wNsfhda.hka wduka;%Kh lsÍfï ksmqK yd j.lSï iy.; lKavdhula njg m;aj we;s w;r

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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BRICS

wd¾Ólhkag jvd mq¿,a .eg¿ mrdihla jk úg wefvd á%,shk 3'03 olajd j¾Okh ù i|yd f.da,Sh idlÉPdjka fj; n,mEï lsÍfï ;sì‚' tfukau BRICS rgj,a fj;ska flfrk yelshdjo we;' fjf<| NdKav wmkhkhka 2012 jif¾§ wefvd BRICS wd¾Ólhka tla flfrk fmdÿ wNs,dYhka á%,shk 3'2laj ;snQ w;r 2014 § wefvd á%,shk lsym s hla we;' tla m%Odk;u kHdh m;%hla jkafka 3'47 olajd j¾Okh ù ;sì‚' óg wu;rj fuu fjkiajk f.da,h S ;;a;j a hka ms<ô s nq flfrk yd lKavdhfï idudðlhka w;r isÿfjk f.da,Sh ke.S tk wd¾Ólhka úfYaI N+ñldjla ork f.da,h S fjf<|duo jeä fjñka mj;S' 2012 § wka;¾ md,k ie,eiau m%;i s xialrKh BRICS fjf<|du wefvd ì,shk lsÍuhs' BRICS wd¾Ólhkaf.a ;j;a 281'4 laj ;snqKq w;r 2014 § th BRICS rgj,a wNs,dYhla jkafka nyq md¾Yaùh wefvd ì,shk 297 la olajd jeä w;r fjf<|du fjf<| l%u ia:dhS f,i ù ;sì‚' fuh b;d Èß.kajk iq¿ ld,h;a iu. mj;ajd.ksñka yd fjf<| m%jK;djla jk w;r bÈß jirj,§ j¾Okh fjñka wdrlaIKjdoh ;=rka lrñka fï i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq we; cd;Hka;r m%cdj iu. lghq;= lsÍuhs' l< hq;=h' flfia fj;;a" f,dj by; i|yka l< wruqKq iuia; fjf<|du ;=< wka;¾ fmroeßj BRICS rdcHhka tlaj lghq;= lsÍfï§ BRICS fjf<|du ishhg mylg jvd wvq nj wka;¾ BRICS wd¾Ól iyNd.S;ajhka" fjf<| ie,lsh hq;=h' yd wdfhdack ne£ï Yla;su;a lsÍug l%shd ud¾.

Tjqkaf.a iudk mdßfNda.sl reÑl;ajhka yd hka .; hq;=h' o;a; u.ska fmfkk wdldrhg iïm;aj, wkqmQrl;djh fya;=fjka fuu ;;ajh BRICS rgj,a f,dj wfkla rgj,a iu. fjf<o jeä úNjhla fj; fhduq ùug ndOd muKqjhs' wxYfhka iïnkaO ùu ld,h;a iu. j¾Okh ù BRICS rgj,a Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack ^FDI& ,nd. we;' f,dj wfkla rgj,a fj;ska BRICS rgj,a ekSfï m%Odk;u rgj,a w;rg wh;a jqjo wka;¾ fj; flfrk fjf<| NdKav wdkhkhka 2012 BRICS rgj, FDI wvq uÜgul mj;S' fuh rgj,a jif¾§ wefvd á%,shk 2'95laj ;snQ w;r th 2014 w;r isÿfjk fjf<| m%jdyhg n,mdhs'

L%iS, ckdêm;s ä,aud rEfi*a" bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ" reishdkq ckdêm;s õ,eÈó¾ mqáka" Ök ckdêm;s lais ðkamsx yd ol=Kq wm%sldkq ckdêm;s fÊfldí iQud" W!*d ys mej;s 7 jk BRICS iuq¿fõ§

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by; u;= l< ldrKh rgj,a myla m%o¾Ykh fj; wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug wms u.ska ia:dms; lrk ,o BRICS jHdmdr iNd ;SrKh lf<uq' bkaÈhdj iu. wdrïN l<fyd;a" idudðlhka w;r idlÉPd ù we;' fjf<| yd fuu iïnkaO;djh BRICS wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh wdfhdackhka i|yd ;,a¨‍jla ,nd.ekSug BRICS m%j¾Okfha ,d jk ia:djr hdka;%Khla njg m;a rgj,a fj;ska f,dj jHdmdr m%uqLhka iu. fjkq we;s njg wms m;kafkuq' jd‚c iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lr.ekSug mshjr BRICS jHdmdr iNdfõ idudðlhka w;r isÿ jQ idlÉPd yd wod, rchka .; hq;= njg fhdackd ù we;' u.ska ,enqKq ud¾f.damfoaYhka miq.sh jif¾§ reishdfõ BRICS rgj,a j , u; mokïj" BRICS fjf<| W!*d ys mej;s i;ajk iuq¿fõ§ kfjHda;amdolhka m<uq BRICS fjf<o m%o¾Ykh m%o¾Ykh ;=< wjOdkhg ,la yd kj ksIamdokhka i|yd i;aldrl rg ùug fjkq we;s m%Odk wxY 20 la fjf<| m% o ¾Ykh ;= < bkaÈhdj leue;s njg w.ue;s wm úiska y÷kd.kq ,eì‚' ;u olaI;d m%o¾Ykh fudaÈ ksfõokh lf<ah' ta wkQj fuu wxYhkag wh;a jkafka lrkq we; BRICS foaYmd,k iuq¿jg fmr wNHjldYh" lDIs ieliqï" 2016 Tlaf;dan¾ 12-14 Èkj,§ jdyk yd jdyk ixrpl" ridhk kj È,a,sfha§ m<uq BRICS fjf<| m%o¾Ykh øjH" yß; n,Yla;sh yd mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s" meje;afjkq we;' fi!LHdrlaIK yd T!IO" ÿïßh" frÈ ms<S yd 2016 jif¾ BRICS ys m%Odk f;audj wkQj weÕ¿ï" há;, myiqlï" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" bxðfkare NdKav" ixpdrl jHdmdrh" ue‚la yd BRICS f.dvke.Su- iyfhda.S;djh i|yd wdNrK iy yelshd ixj¾Okh hkdÈhhs' kfjda;amdokh hk f;audj u; fjf<| BRICS fjf<| m%o¾Ykh wod, rgj,a yd iud.ïj,g ;u fyd|u ;dlaIKhka yd ld¾ñl ixj¾Okhka ;=< <Õd lr.;a j¾Okhka fmkaùug fõÈldjla jkq we;' ia:dms; iud.ïj,g wu;rj" BRICS rgj,aj, kfjda;amdolhka yd kjlhka ;ukaf.a yelshdjka fuys§ m%o¾Ykh lrkq we;' fuys wruqK jkafka fi!LHdrlaIKh" wOHdmkh" wmøjH l<ukdlrKh" ikSmdrlaIdj yd kd.ÍlrK l<ukdlrKh hkd§ lafIa;%hkays§ BRICS jeks ke.S tk wd¾Ólhka uqyqK fok fmdÿ ixj¾Ok wNsfhda.hka yeisrùfï§ wjYH jk oekqu yd ksmqK;ajh wfkla rgj,a iu. fnodyod .ekSug ;dlaI‚l úi÷ï imhkakkag Wmldr lsÍuhs' fuu m%o¾Ykhg iyNd.S ùug BRICS rgj,aj, l=vd "uOH yd uyd mßudK

2015 cQ,s ui reishdfõ W!*dys mej;s BRICS jHdmdr iuq¿j wu;k bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ

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BRICS rgj,

ksfhdað;h kdhlhka bkaÈhdfõ meÜkdys BRICS m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï ixjdofha§

iud.ï iQodkïj isák w;ru nyq wdxYsl .ekSu ms‚i fuu ixiohg iyNd.S ùug ;dlaI‚l yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh i|yd kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ iNdm;s yd Tyqf.a jk fnx.d, fndlal m%foaYfha uQ,drïNfha lKavdhu úiskoa b,a,u S la isÿ lr we;' ^BIMSTEC& idudðl rgj,a jk nx.a,dfoaYh" BRICS fjf<| m%o¾Ykhg iu.dój bkaÈhdj" N+;dkh" ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h" Y%S BRICS jHdmdr iNdfõ úúO jev lKavdhï ,xldj yd ;dhs,ka;h hk rgj,go fï i|yd iïuka;%K yd jevuq¿ mj;ajkq we;ehs yd BRICS jHdmdr kdhlhka iy iud.ï iu. wfmalaId flf¾' miq.sh jif¾§ W!*d idlÉPd meje;aùug wdrdOkd ysÈ ilikq ,enQ BRICS lsÍug wfmalaId flf¾' fuh wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;aj BIMSTEC rgj,aj, olaIsK-olaIsK iyfhda.S;djh Wml%uhg wod,j úúO jHdmdr kdhlhkao fuu ;r lsÍfï ,d wod, rchkaf.a jHdmdr iyNd.S;ajhka fjf<| m%o¾Ykfha / jHdhduhla jk w;r kj bka§h BRICS iuq¿j ;=<§ iaùïj,g iyNd.s jkq udkhlao i,l=Kq flf¾' ie,iqï lr ;sfí' flakaø we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾ BRICS fjf<| m%o¾Ykhg wxYhka ;SrKh lsÍfï§ wu;rj" 2016 Tlaf;dan¾ 13 bkaÈhdj fuu Wml%ñl jk Èk bkaÈhdj úiska BRICS jHdmdr ixioho f,aLkfha fukau bkaÈhdfõ fjf<| yd ixúOdkh lrkq we;' th 1000 lg wêl BRICS l¾udka; weu;sjrekaf.a uÜgñka jHdmdr ksfhdað;hskaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka isÿ isÿ flreKq újrKhka f.a flfrkq we;s tla iïmQ¾K Èkhl iuq¿jla ud¾f.damfoaYh ,nd.kakd ,§' jkq we;' BRICS jHdmdr ixioh ;=<§ wd¾Ól úúO jQ jevigyka ;=<ska BRICS iyNd.S;ajh ms<sn| ;u oelau lshd mEug wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;aj Wml%ufha ish¿u BRICS cd;Skaf.a fjf<| yd l¾udka; l%shdldÍ ie,eiau l%shd;aul weu;sjreka fï fj; werhqï ,nd we;' lsÍfï ,d fhdackd yd woyia BRICS rgj,a ;=< ;srir ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s u;=fjkq we;s njg wms Wolau m%j¾Okfha ,d mqo. a ,sl wxYfha woyia yqjudre lr n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' Tkald¾ lkajd¾ hkq BRICS jHdmdr iNdfõ iNdm;s jk w;r FICCI ^bka§h jd‚c yd l¾udka; uKav, f*vf¾IKh& ys ysgmq iNdm;so fõ

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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m%.;sh

wd¾Ólh úma,jldß f,i fjkia lsÍug

äðg,a bkaähd

fuu uQ,drïNh f.k we;af;a ;:H ld,Skj bf,lafg%dksl udOH yryd ck;djg rcfha fiajdjka ,nd.; yelsjk yd jHdmdr lsÍu myiq lrjk äðg,a f,i n,.ekajQ iudchla fj; bkaÈhdj mßj¾;kh lsÍuhs joka |

úldia Lkakd

w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈf.a wk.s;u uQ,drïNh foieïn¾ ui rfÜ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h jk äðg,a bkaähd" bkaÈhdj äðg,a f,i ishhg 7'2 l ;sî ud¾;= udifha ld¾;=j jk n,.ekajQ iudchla yd oekqï wd¾Ólhla fj; úg ishhg 7'9 olajd by< f.dia ;snQ w;r mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd ieliS ;sfí' fuu tjka rchl j¾Ok idOl m%;sm;a;sj, jevigyfka m%Odk úfYaIdx.hka jkafka m%;sM,hla f,i fuu ;;a;ajh we;s úh' cx.u md,k l%uh yd ish¿u 2020 jir jk úg f,dj bkaÈhdkqjkag ÿrl:k iïnkaO;d ;=kajk úYd,;u wd¾Ólh ,nd§u jk w;r tu.ska .%dóh jk njg n,dfmdfrd;a;= äðg,a bkaähd bkaÈhdj n,.kajd jeä /lshd ;nd we;s rgla fjk njg uQ,drïNh wdfhdaclhkaf.a m%udKhla we;s lsÍug ;SrKd;aul fmkS hkúg wdfhdaclhka buy;a jk wxYhka f.a wdfhdackhka jeä fuu j¾Ok fm<yrg iyNd.S m%;spdrhka ,nd lsÍug wfmalaId flf¾' th rch ùu ms‚i fm< .efiñka isà' we; yd ck;dj w;r jk mr;rh hd iud.ï .Kkdjla w;ßka bka§h lrkq we;' rcfha m%h;akhg uq<skau iyh m, foaYSh yd úfoaY iud.ï wdfhdackh i|yd lrkq ,enqfõ ß,hkaia bkaviag%Sia ,sñgâ yd fvd,¾ ì,shk 70 lg jeä m%udKhla fmdfrdkaÿ Nd¾;s tkag¾m%hsiia hk iud.ï oajhh jk w;r ùfuka tys id¾:al;ajh ueksh yelsh' w.ue;s bka§h w.ue;sjrhd miq.sh jif¾§ äðg,a bkaähd fudaÈf.a äðg,a bkaähd" fïla bka bkaähd yd uQ,drïNh Èh;a lrk úg fvd,¾ ì,shk 71 g iaudÜ isàia hk ixl,amhka fj; wdfhdaclhka jvd jeä wdfhdackhla Tjqka úiska m%ldYhg buy;a f,i m%;spdr olajd yd olajñka ;sfí' m;a lrk ,§' uE;l§ äðg,a bkaähd fj; iyh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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Map not to scale

—wê fõ.S äðg,a uydud¾.hka cd;sh iïnkaO lrk" ì,shk 1'2 la jQ iïnkaê; ck;dj kjfHda;amdokfhys fhfok yd ;dlaIKh úiska mqrjeis -rch w;=reuqyqK; ¥IKhkaf.ka f;dr lrjk äðg,a bkaÈhdjla ms<sn|j uu isysk olsñ˜‍

w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ

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m%.;sh

oelaùug bkafg,a bkaähd jQfha äðg,a bkaähd jHdmdrhhs' wefußldkq iud.uo kj fhdackdjka ;=kla ksfõokh iud.ïj, m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍka fuu lrk ,§' tu fhdackdjka u.ska .%dóh bkaÈhdj uQ,drïNh wkqu; lrk ,§' iuyre th ie,l+fha fj; úfYaI wjOdkhla olajñka .eñhkaf.a yd bkaÈhdj ;dlaI‚lj f,dj fkla rgj,a yd iu l=vd mßudK .%dóh fjf<÷kaf.a flfrkq we;s o¾Ykhla njhs' yelshdjka ;dlaIKh yd b-jd‚cHh äðg,a bkaähd hkq l=ulao hkak äðg,a bkaähd Ndú;fhka uqjy;a lsÍug yd th idudkH ñksidf.a Ôú;h fufyhqu wfmalaId lrhs' mßj¾;kh lrkq we;af;a flfiao iïmQ ¾K jQ miq bkaÈhdj ;=< mj;sk äðg,a hkak wms úYaf,aIKh lr n,uq' rdcH fiajh mr;rh wvq lsÍu i|yd jk w.ue;s fuu fufyhqu iïmQ¾K jQ miq ,nd.ekSu lror fudaÈf.a fmdfrdkaÿj f*aianqla jeks ish¿u rcfha fiajdjka ud¾..;j j,ska f;dr fhdaO úfoaY iud.ïj, wjOdkho lrorhlska f;drj ,nd.; yels fjkq we; Èkd we;' tys m%Odk úOdhl fjkq we;' äðg,a há;, myiqlï ks,Odß udla IQl¾n¾.a rfÜ ÿIalr úiska f,aLk yd y ck;djf.a yd msúiSug wiSre .ïudk i|yd fn%daânEkaâ jd¾;djka äðg,alrKh lrkq we;s w;r Tjqkag in|;djh ,nd§ug fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;' ;:H ld,Skj ,nd.; yels fjkq we;' Wmfhda.s;d miq.sh iem;eïän¾ ui w.ue;s fudaÈ is,slka ì,am;a yd foam< nÿ f.ùu" wdodhï nÿ f.dkq.; je,s fj; isÿ l< ixpdrh ;=< m%Odk ud;Dldj lsÍu yd ;j;a foa isÿ l< yels fjkq we;'

Digital India

Broadband Highways

IT for Jobs Electronic Delivery of Services

Public Internet Access Programme

eKranti Electronic Delivery of Services

Information for everyone

E-Governance Reforming Government through Technology

Early Harvest Programmes

Electronic Manufacturing Target NET ZERO import

Universal Access to Phones

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cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

iuyr fhdackdjka b-md,kh hgf;a l%shd;aul ;jÿrg;a .eñhkag k.rhg hdug isÿ jkafka ke;' lr we;' Ôjud;%sl meñŒfï igyka moaO;sh f.dúhkag ;:H ld,Skj ;u ksIamdokj, ñ, ia:dmkh lsÍfuka miq rdcH ixúOdkhl fiajl f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels fjkq we;sjdla fukau ;u meñŒu flfkl=g wëlaIKh l< yelsh' th rdcH ksIamdokhka wf<ú lsÍug uKaä fj; hdug wjYH ld¾hd,j, fukau iud.ï ;=<o jev ixialD;sh fkdfjkq we;' jeä ÈhqKq lr we;' bka§h ÿïßh fiajdj u.ska 2019 jk úg .ïudk 250"000 la iïnkaO lsÍug ó<Õ mrïmrdfõ b- álÜm;a l%uh úiska ÿïßh rch wfmalaId lrk w;r äðg,a bkaähd ixl,amh i|yd álÜm;a fjka lsÍu myiq yd fõ.j;a lr wjika ie;mqu olajdu iïnkaO;djh f.k hkq we;' wka;¾cd,h ;jÿrg;a jHdma; we;' th È<s÷nj ;=rka lsÍu" /lshd ùfuka ÿïßh ia:dk ;=< álÜm;a we;s lsÍu yd foaYSh bf,lafg%dksla rdcH uQ,drïNh fjka lsÍfï fmda<sï fkdfnda Èklskau ksIamdokh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu Tiafia È.= È<s ÷ lu ÿr,d w;S;hg tla jkq we;' ixpdrl .ukla hkq we;' fuf;la f;,aj,g ñ,shk .Kka / wud;HdxYfha bkafl%äí,a bkaähd miq bkaÈhdj jeäu jYfhka wmkhkh lsh ks¾udKh fhÿu foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ixpdrlhka lr we;af;a bf,lafg%dksla NdKavh' lrkq we; w;r b;du;a ckm%sh ù we;s w;r w.ue;s fudaÈ ñ,shk .Kkla jk Tjqkag ixpdrl .ukdka;hka" ck;dj fj; <Õd ùfï ,d iudc ixpdrl fufyhqïlrejka" kjd;eka imhkakka udOH Ndú;h ckm%sh lr we;' tfukau 2020 yd ud¾f.damfoaYlhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fj; jk úg Y=oaO ;dlaIKh yd bf,lafg%dksla NdKav laI‚lj msúish yelsh' wmkhkfha ,d jk wfmalaId iy.; wdYdjla mdi,a 250"000 muK fkdñf,a wi-fi ,nd.; ck;dj ;=< we;s lr ;sfnkq oelsh yelsh' th yels ia:dkj, fn%daânEkaâ fj; iïnkaO lsÍug rfgys wdkhk úhoïo lmd oukq we;' —Tng ie,iqula we;' b-fi!LHdrlaIKh u.ska ud¾..; bkaÈhdj fjkia l< yels kï Tn uq¿ f,dalhu ffjoH WmfoaYkh" ffjoH jd¾;d yd T!IO iemhqï fjkia lrkq we;s˜‍ hkqfjka fld,afldï ys m%Odk wdjrKh flfrk neúka ffjoH fiajd oeßh yels úOdhl ks,Odß fmda,a fÊfldí f.a woyi äðg,a ;;a;ajhlg m;a flfrkq we;' ffjoH wdOdr i|yd bkaähd ixl,amfha id¾:l;ajh úia;r lrhs'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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m%.;sh RLV-TD

by< ke.Su

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m%;sNdú; l< yels wNHjldY Ig,hla fj;

;efnk l=vd mshjr

wNHjldY hdkhka llaIh fj; f.k f.dia uqodyer kej; ñysu;g tk m%;s Ndú; l< yels Èh;a lsÍï hdkhla id¾:l f,i mÍlaId fldg ISRO jeo.;a ux i,l=Kla fj; <Õd ù we;af;ah joka |

wdpd¾h wfÊ ,S,a

bka§h wNHjldY m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh ^ ISRO & ekSu yd jkdk;r iy fjk;a iïm;a ms<sn| th wdrïN l< 1972 jif¾ isg wNHjldY úoHd fjk;a jeä ÿr f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu hkdÈh fõ' yd frdlÜ ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO lafIa;%hka ;=< tfukau ikaksfõok wruqKq i|ydo pkaøsld úúO w;ayod ne,Sï lrñka isà' tys Èh;a lrk w;r uE;l§ thgu m%Odk wruqKla jkafka bkaÈhdj wh;a m%dfoaYSh hd;%K moaO;shla pka ø s l d Èh;a ;u wNHjldY jevigyka u.ska ia:dmkh lrk ,§' lsÍfï msßjeh wvq iudc wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg yels ld,.=K úoHdj" ÿria: lsÍu i|yd jk Wmßu m%;s,dNhka f.k tau ixfõokh" ikaksfõokh yd l%uhla ixj¾Okh ;yjqre lsÍuhs' wm rg lDIsld¾ñl hd;%Kh fj; wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug bkaÈhdjg wd¾Ólhla iys; rgla fjk neúka lsÍug wu;rj ISRO úiska §¾> wjYHh bka§h wNHjldY jevigykaj, ld,Sk úoHd;aul" ;dlaI‚l yd wruqKq jkafka ld,.=K úoHd;aul Wml%ñl f,i jeo.;a jk lafIa;% o;a; ,nd.ekSu" bka§h fudaiïj, isg >¾u foio wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' .%yf,dal moaO;sh l,dmSh l=Kdgq oalajd jk ld,.=K f;dr;=re ms<sn|j ;jÿrg;a wjfndaO lr.ekSug bkaÈhdj ,nd.ekSu yd wya÷kd.ekSu" N+ñ yd c, id¾:l f,i i| yd wÕyre fj; .uka lr we;s l,ukdlrKhg wod, ksjerÈ f;dr;=re ,nd. w;r ukaodls‚ ms<sn|j ;j;a foa

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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RLV-TD Èh;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï flfrñka

oek.ekSug bkaÈhdj úiska ;drld úoHd;aul ;ekSug ;j;a jir 10 la muK .; fjkq pkaøsldjla Èh;a lr we;' tfukau" b,a¨‍u we;' ó 6'5 la È.e;s RLV fgdka kjhlska hq;a wkQj pkaøsld Èh;a lsÍug yels fjk f,i;a >k frdlÜ fudagrhla Ndú;fhka ISRO úiska wNHjldYh fj; udkj .uk i|yd iQodkï Èh;a lrkq ,enQ w;r th fuu ;gq iys; ùug;a pkaøsld Èh;a lsÍfï ,d hk msßjeh hdkfha isria tiùug wjia:dj ,ndfoñka wvq lr.ekSu i|yd jk l%uhka ixj¾Okfha fiñka oykh jkakla úh' ;srejkdkaomqrï ,d bkaÈhdj Wkkaÿ fjhs' fuu ys úl%ï idrdNdhs wNHjldY uOHia:dkfha úoHd{hka 600 lska yelshdj j¾Okh lr.ekSu ISRO úis k a ó i|yd bkaÈhdj m<uq mshjr hq;a lKavdhulg fuu fgdka 6'5 la È. RLV ;nkqfha m%;sNdú; l< yels Èh;a 1'75 n/;s hdkh ;ekSug jir 5 fgdka kjhlska la .; úh' idudkH wNHjldY lsÍï hdkd (RLV) ;dlaIKhla hq;a >k frdlÜ Ig,hla ó 55 la È. yd fgdka ixj¾Okh lrñks' fuda grhla 2016 uehs 23 jkod ISRO 2"030 la muK n/;s fjhs' Ndú;fhka Èh;a bka§h RLV lsó 70 la by<g úiska m%;sNdú; Èh;a lsÍï lrkq ,eîh mshdir l< w;r wdmiq meñŒfï§ hdkd ;dlaIK m%o¾Ylh ^RLVTD& Èh;a lrkq ,eîh' fuu ^fnx.d, fndlafla w;:H Odjk m:hla u; f.dv niajd& id.rhg jeàug Èh;a lsÍu wkd.;fha§ fv,agd ;gq iys; wNHjldY hdkhla Èh;a lsÍu foig jk m<uq i,iajk ,§' kHdhd;aulj .;a úg tjeks hdkd Odjk mshjrla f,i ie,fla' tfukau th foaYSh m:hla u; f.dv neiaúh hq;= w;r iïmQ¾K wNHjldY Ig,hla ixj¾Okh lsÍfï ,d jk m<uq jk mshjro fjhs' Ndú;d l< yels jYfhka ixj¾Okh l< wNHjldY Ig,hlg yd fufyhqï l< yels wNHjldY Ig,hla lsó 5 la Odjk m:hla wjYH flf¾' fuu RLV

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REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLETECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATOR On May 23, 2016, ISRO successfully flight tested Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first winged body aerospace vehicle operating in hypersonic flight regime RLV is a winged vehicle that took off like a rocket and glided back to land like a plane

The aim and advantage of the RLV is to send manned missions into space

Total flight duration from launch to landing of this delta winged RLV-TD lasted for about 770 seconds

RLV-TD MISSION PROFILE Descent begins

Atmospheric re-entry at Mach 5 speed

Aerodynamic Mode

Splashdown

Separated coast phase

ISRO spent about `90 crore on developing the prototype of RLV that weighs about 1.75 tonnes

Combined coast phase

Exclusive use of RLVs will help reduce the cost by 10 times. It costs about `13.5 lakh to send a kilogram in space currently

Discarded thruster

Ascent / Vertical launch

Apart from India, no other country is currently operationally flying a winged spacecraft into space. USA retired its space shuttles in 2011, and Russians flew it only once in 1989 cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Èh;a lsÍï ìu fj; RLV-TD m%jdykh flfrñka

Èh;a lsÍu i|yd ISRO yg m%Odk wruqKq ;=kla fufyhqï l< yels RLV ,nd.ekSug oYlhlg úh( wêèjdksl .=jka hdkj, jdhq-;dml jeä ld,hla .; fjkq we;' .eg¿j jkafka .;slhkaf.a iajNdjh mÍlaId lsÍu¦ wêèjdksl t;rï l,la n,d isàu bkaÈhdjg oeßh yelso hdkd j, iajhx fufyhqï l<ukdlrKh hkakhs@ wo jk úg wNHjldYh úYd, jYfhka mÍlaId lsÍu¦ yd hdkd i|yd wjYH kej; mqoa.,SlrKh fjñka mj;S' mqoa.,hka lsysm we;=,a lsÍfï wjYH;djh mÍlaId lsÍu' fuu fofkl=g yd hqfrdamd wNHjldY wdh;kh ish¿u wruqKq idlaId;a lr.kakd ,§' fuu jeks ksfhdað;dh;khkj, iyh ,efnk w;r mÍlaIKh w;r;=r ISRO úiska Tjqka blau‚ka wNHjldY wxYhg ud¾f.damfoaY yd hd;%K l%uhka msúfiñka isà' jvd jeä PSLV mÍlaId l< w;r wkd.; pkaøsld i|yd jk f.da,Sh b,a¨‍u fufyhqï u.ska fufyhqï ie,iqï lsÍfu§ iyh jeä ùu;a iu." ISRO úiska ie,lsh pkaøsld Èh;a úh yels f;dr;=reo tla‍ /ia hq;= m%.;shla w;am;a lrf.k we;s lsÍfï jdr lr.kakd ,§' w;r úúO rgj,a i|yd pkaøsld 74 .Kk jeä l< fuu woyi idlaId;a la Èh;a lr ;sfí' oeka bkaÈhdj yelsh lr.ekSfï ,d l%udkql+, jeä O%eùh pkaøsld Èh;alsÍï hdkd f,ilska bÈßhg hdug ISRO (PSLV) fufyhqï m%udKhla we;s fj;ska wfmalaId flf¾' bÈßfha§ LEX lsÍfuka Èh;a lsßï jdr .Kk jeä lsÍug ^f.dvnEfï w;ayod ne,Su&" REX ^wdmiq fhdackd lrhs' fï i|yd RLV ;dlaIKh yels meñŒfï w;ayod ne,Su& yd SPEX ^ial%EïfcÜ blau‚ka lr<shg f.k wd hq;=h' fuu wruqK m%pd,k w;ayod ne,Su& jeks mÍlaIK isÿ i|yd rch úiska ISRO ys whjeh m%udKh jeä lsÍugo wfmalaId flf¾'tfukau ta i|yd l< hq;= w;r ixúOdkh úiska cd;Hka;r fjkuu jQ Odjk m:hla" fjk;a ia:dkhl yjq,alrejka yd iïnkaO ù foaYSh l¾udka;h we;s fmdfrd;a;= Odjk m:hlao iys;j bÈ ;=< il%sh iyNd.S;ajh i|yd jk udÈ,shla lsÍu wjYH fõ' ixj¾Okh l< hq;=h' wdpd¾h wfÊ ,S,a hkq kj È,a,sfha wdrlaIl wOHhk yd úu¾Yk wdh;kfha ÊfHaIaG idudðlfhls

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l,dj

Ôjk

ÿyq,a mg mkacdnfha iïm%odh yd ixialD;sh ksfhdackh lrk *q,aldß ck l,dj oeka f,dj mqrd ckm%sh fjñka ;sfí' joka |

Y,sks ñ;%d

hula j¾Kj;a" cHdñ;sl yev;,j,ska hq;a iïm%odhl ks¾udKhla kï th mkacdnfha w,xlD; w;a tïfn%dhsvß jk *q,aldß ks¾udKhla úh hq;=h' jpkdkqidrfhka u,a jev hk w¾:fhka hq;a *q,aldß" ishjia .Kkdjl isg mkacdnfha ck;dj yd ixialD;sh iu. m¾hdh fjhs' i;H

jYfhkau" th bkaÈhdfõ W;=re rdcHh ;=< wd.ñl" Wm;a yd ux., ieureïj, ffki¾.sl fldgila f,i l,la ;siafia mej; ths' mkacdn ldka;dfjda ;ju;a Tjqkaf.a TÈks fyda pqkaß ^ysi jid .ekSfï i¿& fyda ..%d" *q,aldßj,ska yev .kajd .ks;s'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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ksufjk mßÈ w,xldr n.a *q,aldß ilik wjia:do *q,aldß hk jpkh m<uqj yuqjkafka 18 jk ishjfia oelsh yelsh' mkacdn idys;Hh ;=<§h" tjlg Ôj;a jQ lúfhl= jk jßia Idf.a yS¾ rkacd kï ks¾udKfha yS¾ f.a ux., ksuejqï l%uh we÷ï lÜg,h úia;r lsÍfï§ fuu jpkh fhdodf.k wo jk úg *q,aldß ielfikafka lmq" Ñf*dka" fcdacÜ we;' m%isoaO mkacdn Ñ;% Ys,amskshl jk wïß;d I¾yd fiao frÈ u;hs' flfia fj;;a" fudaia;r rys; lmq .s,a" wehf.a úfõl .ekSu kï Ñ;%h ;=< fuu w;alï frÈ fyda lod¾ frÈ tjlg Ndú;d úh' fuys kQ, w;ska iys; we÷ï weÕ ,d isák ldka;djka msßila Ñ;%Kh úhk w;r idhï fmdjkq ,nkafka iajNdúl j¾K lr *q,aldß wurŒh lr we;' mqrdjD;a;hkag wkQj u.sks' lmq j.dj i|yd m%p,s; mkacdnh lod¾ frÈ bkaÈhdjg *q,aldÍ weñK we;af;a brdkfhka jk w;r foaYShju ksmoùu i|yd iqÿiq m%foaYhla úh' *q,aldß tys§ th u,a w;alï hk wre; iys;j úhuka fudaia;r 50 la muK tla;rd .=,aldß f,i y÷kajd we;' ld,hl Ndú;d jqKq kuq;a oekg mj;skafka idudkHfhka" tïfn%dhsv¾ lrk ,o bka lsysmhla mu‚' oeka f.;a;ï lrkq lmq j.dj i|yd i¿ yd ..%djka ilikq ,nkafka mjq,l ,nkafka fiao kQf,ks' l,d;=rlska lmq m%p,s; mkacdnh mqoa.,sl Ndú;h i|yd jk w;r iïmQ¾K fyda jQ,a jeks kQ,a j¾.o Ndú;d flf¾' lod¾ frÈ ksmoùu i|yd lrk ,o *q,aldßhla ;sîfuka wújdyl r¿ lmq froafoa lKmsg È.= yd flá t<¨‍ï iqÿiq m%foaYhla hqj;shla ldka;djla fj; .uka lsÍfï ueiau Ndú;fhka úúO jQ ixfla;" wdlD;s úh' jeo.;a mshjrla iksgqyka fõ' *q,aldßh yd fudaia;r ksu fjkq ,efí' l;sr ueiau" hqj;shlf.a ux., we÷fï fldgila jk ÿjk fyda fnd;a;ï ldi ueiau hkdÈho neúka l=vd l< isgu weh th ilid .; hq;= úh' i;H tjlg Ndú;d flß‚' iïm%odhsl *q,aldß ;=< fuu jYfhkau fuu ld¾hh i|yd jk ksmqK;djh weh rgdjka hï hï wka;rhka iys;j froao mqrd úisÍ ;sfí' ukd,shla ùfï iqÿiqlu lshd mdkakla úh' w;S;fha§" t<¨‍ï ueiau olaI f,i Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka" ;sria" .eyeKq orefjl=f.a Wm;;a iu. wef.a újdy Èkfha§ isria yd úl¾Kl ueiqï ;=<ska ixlS¾K fudaia;rhka ;Hd. lsÍu ms‚i uj yd ñ;a;‚h úiska *q,aldß u;= lr.kq ,efí' ieliSu wdrïN lrkq ,eîh' foudmshka úiska *q,aldß ˜‍fï i|yd fhdod.kakd froao cHdñ;slj wNHka;r 11 isg 101 olajd jQ .Kklska hq;a *q,aldß oEjeoao ieris,a,la f,i fhdod .ekSu;a tksidu tys we;s f,i ,ndfok w;r tys jvd;au jákd yd is;a .kakd uqøduh fyda Èhuka;s yev;, tys ueiQ hula f,iu iq¿u foh jkafka n.a *q,aldßh' fmdfydi;a yd m%isoaO fkdj j¾K wkql,kh jQ ixfhda.hla f,i fmkSu;a mjq,a úiska jD;a;Shuh tïfn%dhsv¾ Ys,amSka fiajfha *q,aldßj, úfYaI;ajhla' fuh isÿ lrkq ,nkafka kQ,a fhdojd tlsfklg iïnkaê; rgdjlska mQ¾K jYfhka b;d ksjerÈj .Kka lsÍfuka' ueiau mgq fjk ;rug

idïm%odhl *q,aldß tïfn%dhsv¾ l,dj úoyd mdk j¾Kj;a l=vhla" w;a nE.hla" miqïìhla" fudcdß yd n|khla

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is;a.kakd iq¿ lreKq mkacdnfha ldka;djka *q,aldß l,dj lsisÈfkl f,aLk.; lf<a ke;' th tla mrïmrdjla úiska ;j;a mrïmrdjla fj; ,ndÿka l=i,;djhla úh' *q,aldß l,dj r|d mj;skafka rgdjka" j¾K Ndú;d lsÍu yd ueiafï m%udKh u;hs' ueiau l=vd fjk ;rug ks¾udKho iqkaor fõ' *q,aldß ks¾udKhka iys; l=Ika ljrhla" ieÜghla" " idglhla yd fmdÜ,s nE.hla

ks¾udKh;a iqkaor fjkjd˜‍" frdayagla ys frÈms<S ks¾udKlre yÔÜ fl!¾ mjihs' miqìï j¾K i|yd idudkHfhka fhdod .kq ,nkafka uoáh meyehg yqre ÿqUqre" u,lv r;= fyda bkaäf.da jeks j¾Khkah' ueiau fndfyda úg rka ly meyefhka" iqÿ fyda fld< meyefhka hqla; fjhs'

fldaú,a yd .=reoajd¾j,g mQcd lrkq ,efí' ;s¾ud *q,aldß Yafõ; j¾Kfhka hq;a frÈms<S u; ks¾udKh flfrk neúka tajd mdßY=oaO;ajfha ixfla;hka f,i ie,fla' ihskaÑ *q,aldß ys fudaia;rhka ñksiqka" i;=ka yd mlaISkaf.a rE u.ska mkacdn .%dóh Ôú;h bÈßm;a lrkq ,nhs'

úúO m%fNao

ú,dis;djkaf.a mqkrd.ukh

*q,aldßj, n.a fyj;a WoHdk fudaia;rj, úúO 1947 bkaÈhdj fnod fjka lsÍfuka miq *q,aldß m%fNaohka oelsh yelsh' Y,su¾" l,dj yd w;alï Ys,amh úhelS .sfhah' pdkaoa" fp!rY%shd" i;ardxr. ^i;aw;alï flfrys we;s ,eÈhdj wvqù hdu *q,aldß j¾K&" mÉrdx. ^mxp j¾K&" yd fukau" ,dNodhS nj yd ld¾ólrKh;a tïfn%dhsv¾j, úúO tïfn%dhsv¾j,ska froao fldgq 52 lg tys wj.ukhg fya;= úh' flfia j¾.fha n.a oels h fjka lrk njka n.a fï w;ßka fj;;a" uE;l isg fuu .eñ yels w;r tajd ta lsysmhls' tajd kï flfrfka tajdfha tïfn%dhsv¾ l,dj f.da,Sh ú,dis;djla tlsfklg wdfõ‚l Ndú;h yd ta u; ks¾udKh flfrk njg m;afjñka we;' ß;+ fnß yd uksIa f,i W;alDIag fõ' tïfn%dhsv¾ fudaia;rhg wkQjhs' jßu,afyda;%d jeks m%Odk bka§h fudaia;r vd-n.a hkq ukd,shla újdyfhka miq Ys,amSka ;u ks¾udKhka ;=<g fuu kj ksjig hk úg wef.a iajdñhdf.a foudmshka l,dj fhdodf.k we;' fï jk úg rdcH fkdjk úiska ;Hd. lrkq ,nkakls' ixúOdk .Kkdjla fuu .eñ l,dj mj;ajd .ekSfï tïfn%dhsv¾j, jeä jYfhka ks¾udKh flfrk jHdhdufha ksr;j isá;s' i;H jYfhkau" *q,aldß jev fudaia;rhla jkafka mkacdnh mqrdu jefjk nd¾,s oeófï l%uh mjd fjkia ù we;s w;r w;alï fjkqjg yd ;sßÕ=‍ lr,a fudaia;rhhs' legm;a len,s *q,aldß hka;% u.ska ta ld¾hh flfrkq ,efí' flfia fj;;a" u;g ueiQ úg" th YsfYavd¾ *q,aldß f,i ye¢kafõ' bkaÈhdfõ yd úfoaY rgj, idïm%odhsl *q,aldß fj; ;j;a *q,aldß m%fNaohla jkafka fjkuu fudaia;r jeäfjñka mj;sk b,a¨‍u úiska lshfjkafka bka§h rgdjkaf.ka iukaú; o¾Yka oajd¾ h' fuys§ frÈms<S ck tïfn%dhsv¾ l,dj ;=< we;s wdl¾IKh;a iqúfYaIS u; f.aÜgqjl yevhla tïfn%dhsv¾ lrk w;r tajd nj;a fj; we;s ,eÈhdj yd ckm%sh;ajhhs'

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l,dj

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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mqrd;k ksOdkfha

lekajih

iïm%odhsl gkafcda¾ Ñ;% jQ l,S yqÿ rdclSh ieris,a,la muKla fkdj j¾Kj;a w;S;hla yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.; wkd.;hla fj; wmj le|jdf.k hkakls' joka |

fm%frdakd ndiq

ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;fha we;s gkafcda¾ kï k.rfha Wm; ,;a gkafcda¾ Ñ;% l,dj ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq iïNdjH Ñ;% l,dj ;=< we;s jvd;au ckm%sh ffY,Ska w;ßka tlls' fmr gkafcda¾ f,i y÷kajk ,o ;kacjQ¾ k.rh tys l,d Ys,am" w;alï yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh fukau tu l,dmhg wdfõ‚l jQ Ñ;% ffY,sh ksido m%isoaOh' fuu Ñ;% ffY,sh ;=< oelsh yels m%Odk;u ,laIKhla jkafka wd.ñl úIfhys olajk wiuiu jQ uDÿNdjhhs' fuu Ñ;% tajdfha ixlS¾K rgd ;=<g w¾O jákd ue‚la .,a yd ÿ,n f,day j¾. r¿ njlska f;drj tla lr idïm%odhsl bka§h Ys,amj, wdVH nj úysod olajhs' gkafcda¾ Ñ;%j, uQ,drïNh 16 jk ishji olajd Èj hk w;r" ishjia ;=k yudrl ld,hla ;siafia úúO jQ wkq.%dylhkaf.a fkduelsh yels n,mEï ,en Ñ;% l,d b;sydih ;=< fi!kao¾hfha wdrlaIlfhl= f,i fiajh lrhs'

fï ish,a, werUqfKa fldys§o@ fpda, rdcjxYfha md,k ld,h ;=<§ werUqKq gkafcda¾ Ñ;% l,dj i|yd ;kacjQ¾ kdhlajre wkq.%yh oelajQjo th mej;sfha urd;sjre meñK

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;kacjQ¾ ud,s.fha urd; vq¾nd¾ Yd,djl ì;= is;=jula

Tjqkaj mrdch lr tu N+ñh hgm;a lr.kakd úYsIag;ajfha wuqøjH f;la mu‚' f;<sÕ=‍ ni l:d lrk wdkaø úúO jQ j¾Khka" rka m;a" ue‚la" mn¿ yd ùÿre m%foaYaj, rdcq yd kdhsÿ m%cdjkaf.ka len,s fhdoñka l,d ks¾udKhla w,xldr l< mejf;k l,dlrefjda" l,dj yd fi!kao¾hh yels wdldrh fudkjg úoyd mdk fuu Ñ;% i|yd oeä we,aula oelajQ ;kacjQ¾ kdhlajre ffY,sh" tys oDYHuh ,;dj u.ska krUkakka n,hg meñŒu;a iu. úYd, jYfhka wdila; lrjhs' j¾;udkfha th lekajia u; ;ñ,akdvqj fj;g ixl%uKh ksujkq ,enQjo" gkafcda¾ Ñ;% ùug mgka .;ay' gkafcda¾ Ñ;% lS¾;su;a jQfha oej" ùÿre" .,a gkafcda¾ Ñ;% ;=< jk úia;D; jQ bkaøcd,sl fukau we;a o< jeks idïm%odhsl ;= < ta j dg úialï olajkq ,enQfha" ;u fkdjk u;=msg u; we£fuks' wkq.%dyl;ajh rdclSh wkq.%dylhkaf.a tajdfha udkhka fndfyda úg thg oelajQ mqoa.,hkaf.a m%uqL;djhka" reÑl;ajhka yd wkq.%dlyhd olajk leue;a; mqoa., reÑl;ajhka Ok iïNdrhka isys ;ndf.k wkQj ;SrKh jQ w;r" fndfyda úoHdudk fõ Ys,amfha kshe¿Kq fuu úg tu ks¾udK Tjqkaf.a l,dlrejka úisks' fuu Ñ;% ud,s.djka w,xldr lsÍu i|yd ffY,sh ;=< wkq.%dylhkaf.a mqoa.,sl f;aÍï w¢k ,o yskaÿ foúhkaf.a yd fojÕkkaf.a rEm olakg ;snqKq w;r ksrka;r fjkiajk úh' gkafcda¾ is;=jï fndfyda úg foúhkaf.a yd iq¿ Ndjhl isg wjidkfha .eUqre urd;s fojÕkkaf.a iïmQ¾K rej /.;a wkdl+, f¾Å; n,mEï fmkajñka j¾;udk wkqjdoh fj; ks¾udK jQ w;r Tjqka wdukaâ yeve;s weia iys; rEmdka;rKh úh' jgl=re uqyqKe;a;ka fõ' fuu is;=jï wdVH f,i

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;kacjQ¾ fldaú,l rdcd gqfldaÔf.a Ñ;%hla¦ ol=K( rdcd i¾f*dÔ wiq msg 1798” Y%S L%yfoiajrd¾ fldaú,a ixlS¾Kfha urd; is;=jula

tïfn%dhsv¾ lrk ,o ;sr fyda ixlS¾K fudaia;r fuu udOHh úh<S .sh miq" f;dard.;a rEmj, iys; wdrelal= u.ska wdjrKh lrkq ,eì‚' foú lgqigykla Ñ;% Ys,amshd úiska w¢kq ,nk foaj;djqkaf.a úÑ;%‍j;a weÕ¨‍ï iys; fldgia w;r ÈjH rEmj, rdclSh isyiqka" wdhs;a;ï yd i|yd úfYaI wjOdkhla fokq ,eì‚' rka yd fjk;a w,xldr we÷ï me<ÿï w¾O jákd .,a j¾Kj;a ue‚la .,a Ndú;h ksid fuu is;=jï u.ska w,xldr lrkq ,nhs' w,xldrhka ish,a, ukialdka; Èiakhlska hqla; jQ w;r fndfyda iïmQ¾Kfhka úh<S .sh miq idhï wdf,am flf¾' úg fuu is;=jï ie,iqï iy.;j fmr Ndú;d jQ iajNdúl ia:dmkh lrk ,oafoa ud<s.d yd j¾Kdf,am fjkqjg ridhkslj idïm%odhslj mkai,aj, wdf,dalh wvq uq¿j,hs' ksmojk idhï oeka fhdod.kafka ieliQ iajNdúl jqjo" Ñ;% Ys,amSka ;ju;a idïm%odhsl idhï fjkqjg mßmQ¾K;ajh ,nd.ekSu j¾K l%u yd iajNdúl uQ,sldx. oeka ridhkslj gkafcda¾ ffY,sfha is;=jïj, hka wkq.ukh lrhs' gkafcda¾ ksmo jQ ;Ska; wjika ks¾udKh ,nd.kafka is;=jïj, ;j;a m%Odk ,laIKhla j¾. Ndú; fõ' iQlaIau yd iúia;rd;aul mshjr jkafka" tys m%Odk jia;=j is;=jfï lsysmhlska miqjh' fuu wdlD;sfha yd;amig jvd wiudkqmd;sl f,i Ñ;%hla wdrïN lsÍug" l,dlrejd lekajih úYd, ùu yd tu rEmh is;=ju ueog fjkakg fydÈka uÈk ,o ,E,s lene,a,lg we,úh hq;=h' ia:dk.; lsÍu h' uqyqfKa ,laIKhkag .eUqrla lekajihg ;j;a iucd;Sh nj f.k taug yd ,nd§ug w÷re lsÍu u| jYfhka fhdod .kakd oDIHuh .eUqre njla f.k taug lekajih w;r rEmfha wfkla fldgia oeä me;,s j¾K u;=msg yqKq.,a l=vq ;Ügqjla wdf,am lrkq ,efí' fhdod ksujd we;' Ñ;% Ys,amSka iuyr úfgl

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l,dj

lreKq f.dkqj gkafcda¾ is;=jï" fvlEka" úchk.¾" urd; yd hqfrdamd ffY,Skaf.ao n,mEï ,;a ukialdka; ixl,khkaf.ka hq;a Ñ;% l,djls' uQ,sl jYfhka tajdhska yskaÿ foúhka yd fojÕkkaf.a rE ksuejQjo" yskaÿ mqrdKhkaf.ka n,mEï ,enQjo" fjk;a wd.ñl yd wd.ñl fkdjk úIhka jia;= lr.;a wjia:do oelsh yelsh'

;u is;=jug §ma;su;a j¾Kfhka hq;= kQ,a yd f,aia j¾. fhdod iuia; is;=jfï wk.sNjkS;ajh jeä lrhs' mqrd;kfha§" is;=jug mokï lr.kakd jia;= úIh yd wdf,aLH Ñ;% l,dj mQckSh ld¾hhla f,i ie,ls‚' fuu l%shdj,shg wd.ñl Nla;shla ,eî ;sì‚" iuyr úfgl fuksid úh yelsh fndfyda Ñ;% Ys,amSka w{d;j isàug m%sh lrkq ,enQfha'

rdÊ ms<sn| isysle|ùu fuu l,d wdlD;sh yd iïnkaO Ñ;% Ys,amSkag hqfrdamShhkq;a jeä jeäfhka wkq.%yh oelaùug mgka .;a ksid bkaÿ- hqfrdamSh ffY,shlao fu;=<ska u;= úh' ngysr f,dalfha ixfõ§;djhka biau;= lr,Su i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka ksuejqKq fuu ks¾udK miqj Ñ;%lrKfha iud.ï .=re l=,h f,i ye¢kajqKq w;r fuys iïmQ¾Kfhkau rka yd ue‚la fhdod isÿ flfrk úis;=relrKh neyer lr we;' tjeks is;=jï úYd, m%udKhla ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.drh iy úlafgdaßhd yd we,anÜ fl!;=ld.dr úiska idvïnrfhka m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,nhs'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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l,dfõ wo Èk jeo.;alu

Ys,amSh ksmqK Ndjfha yd iEu iq¿ fldgilgu j¾;udkfha§" fndfyda mqo. a ,hka fuu l,d lrk ,o lemùfï m%;sM,hla f,i t<solS' wdlD;sfha jeo.;alu y÷kdf.k ke;' ishjia bka§h rcho fuu l,dj mqk¾Ôjkhg .Kkdjla ;sif a ia" ol=Kq bkaÈhdkqjka w;r yd mj;ajd.ekSug m%‍.;sldrl jQ gkafcda¾ is;j = ï ie,l=fKa W;aij hkdÈfha§ mshjrhka .Kkdjla f.k we;' bka§h ;Hd. l< yels iqNodhS ;s<K s hka fi!kao¾hjdoh fj;g fmÍ f,ih' tajd m%Odk jYfhka wd fuu bmer‚ gka f cda ¾ Ñ;% j , jkaokd lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d Ys,amh fj; Èß bkaÿ- hqfrdamSh flreKo" wo jk úg fuu §ug ks;H jevuq¿" ffY,sh .;a is;j = ï ksfjiaj, úis;; a ldur l|jqre yd m%o¾Yk is;=jï" Ñ;%lrKfha yd ld¾hd, ldur irikq mj;ajkq ,efí' iud.ï .=rel=,h oelsh yelsh' mj;skd ish¿ l,d f,i ye¢kafõ fhdod.kakd oejhka fjkia wdlD;Ska mßoafoka jqjo" iajNdúl j¾K yd gkafcda¾ is;=jï L‚chka fjkqjg iska;ála meyehka yd ixj¾Okh fjk w;r kùk hq.fha we,jqï øjH meñK we;s jqjo" jákd ue‚la fjkia jk wjY;djhka fj; fjkqjg w¾O-jákd .,a yd ùÿre mn¿ fhdod. m%;spdr olajñka wLKavj kj kq ,enQjo" iEu gkafcda¾ is;=julau iQlaIu yevhka .ksñka isà'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Pdhd rE

idxÑfha fn!oaO

Wreuh

idxÑfha ia:Qm" wdY%u yd mkai,a" fn!oaO l,dfõ yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha w.%.Kh jQ úYsIag;ajh ms<sìUq lrhs joka |

wks,a uq,apdkaokS

idxÑfha mqrd;k fn!oaO isysjgkh” uyd ia:Qmh

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idxÑ l÷ .egh fn!oaO N+ñ Nd.hkaf.a jvd;au wk.s ixrlaIs; yd úia;D; fmfoila ord isà' fY%aIaG ia:Qmhkaf.ka yd W;alDIag jQ f;drK i;rlska ieÿï ,;a m%dldr fldgqfõ wdrïNh" uOH m%foaYfha idxÑ wi< msysá ú§Ifha ldka;djla yd újdm;a jQ wfYdal wêrdchdf.a ld,h olajd Èfõ' idxÑh 14 jk ishji jk f;la wkql%ñl rdc jxYhka hgf;a yd fjf<÷kaf.a wkq.%yh hgf;a iuDoaêu;a úh' tneúka idxÑfha uyd ia:Qmhka" kgnqka jQ mkai,a yd wdY%uhka l%sia;= mQ¾j ;=kajk ishjfia wfYdal wêrdchdf.a md,k ld,fha isg 14 jk ishji olajd jQ jir 1000 l muK ld,hla mqrd isÿ jQ fn!oaO l,dfõ yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha ixj¾Okh ms<sn|j oDIaáhla

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by< isg my<g( idxÑfha ia:Qmhl rEm u.ska w,xldr lrk ,o l=¿Kla yd uyd fn!oaO ia:Qmfha fodrgq j, úúO ks¾udK

wm fj; ,nd foa' fuu N+ñh kej; fidhd. kq ,enqfõ 1818 jif¾§ ckrd,a fÜ,¾ úisks' hqfkiafldaj u.ska f,dal Wreu N+ñhla f,i kï lrk ,o idxÑfha uyd ia:Qmhka bkaÈhdfõ mqrdK;u wd.ñl bÈlsÍïj,ska tlls' idxÑfha m%Odk;u ,laIKhka jkafka l%sia;= mQ¾j m<uqjk ishjfia bÈlrk ,o uyd¾> jQ we;ao< yd oej leghï isys lrjk" uQ¾;s

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iys;j ;ekQ ffY,uh f;drK i;rhs' iuyr mqrdúoHd{hka úYajdi lrkafka fuu leghï we;ao< leghï Ys,amSka úiska lrkq ,en we;s njhs' tla tla f;drfKys wdlD;sh" yria o~q fyda ,Sia;r ;s;ajhla u.ska iïnkaO lrk ,o lKq follska iukaú;h' fuu l=¿Kq yd jl%dldr yriao~qj, uDÿ f,i lrk ,o rE fkdue;s kï ta b;d u| jYfhks' iuyr fkreï mqjre

nqÿ rÿkaf.a l:dkaor j,ska iukaú; jk w;r iuyr mqjrej, nqÿjok f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lsÍfï wfYdal wêrdchf.a N+ñldjo cd;l l:dj, fldgiao ksrEms;h' kdgHdkqrEm .=Kfhka wdVH jQ uQ¾;Ska nqÿ rÿkaf.a W;am;a;sh ksrEmKh lrhs' tjlg pdß;%hka" Ôjk rgdj yd bÈlsÍï ms<sn|j ms<sìUq lrk neúka fuu leghï jákd ks¾udK f,i ie,fla'

wfYdal wêrdchf.a uq,a ffY,uh ia:ïNfha lKqjla wi< we;s olaIsK f;drK iu. wdrïN jk m%Odk fodrgqj fï hehs mjik oej w;ajegla f,i fmkS hk leghï l< .rdÈ jegla iys; m%olaIsKd udj;a Tiafia .uka lrkak' olaIsK f;drfKa m%Odk;u ,laIKhla jkafka nqÿ rÿkaf.a ixfla;h f,i ie,flk yd wkq.dñlhka úiska jkaokd lrkq

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Pdhd rE

idxÑ ia:Qmh¦ wNsuqL msgqj( idxÑ ys uQ¾;shla" idxÑ ys fn!oaO ia:Qmhla yd idxÑ mkaif,a o¾Ykhla

,nk O¾u pl%h iys; fkreï leghuhs' fuu jk udrhd" nqÿka ksjerÈ ud¾.fhka bj;a lsÍu pl%fhka nqÿkaf.a foaYkdjkaf.ka ñÈh yels ms‚i yd fkdu. heùu ms‚i ;u ¥jreka nqÿka jk urKh yd h<s Wmf;a wkka; jQ pl%h fj; tùfï l:djhs' ksfhdackh flf¾' ngysr fodrgqfõ nqÿka jykafiaf.a kej; wfkl=;a f;drKj,o" nqÿkaf.a rej fk<Su bm§ï Ñ;%Kh lr we;' W;a;r f;drK leã weröug fmr ;snqKq l%uh mßÈ ì÷Kq O¾u pl%hlska yd fn!oaO fndaê jDlaIh fyda md i,l=Kq ;%s;ajh ixfla;kh lrk ;=<ska nqÿka jykafia ksrEmKh ;%sY+,hlska iukaú;h' f;drK uyd iEh bÈlrkq ,enQfha wfYdal lr we;' m%;sixialrKh lrk i;r w;ßka jvd;au w,lD; wêrdchdf.a hq.fha ,o ngysr f;drK ;=<o" f;drK jkafka fuhhs' tys ;sria jq j ;a j;a u fkys fid,aodÿjkaf.ka fíÍu ms‚i l=¿Kq ;=< wkH wd.ñlhka yg oelsh yels jHqyh fndaêi;a;ajhka ^wfkla wh fmfkk f,i nqÿ rÿka .=jka 2 jk ishji olajd fjkqfjka nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSu ilauka u¿jl .uka lsÍu jeks Èfõ' i|yd lemjQ mqoa.,fhla& úiska jQ m%d;syd¾hhka oelafjk o¾Yk bÈlrk ,o md,ula yryd .uka oelsh yelsh' kef.kysr f;drK lrk j÷re rxpqjla jeks jQ cd;l l:dj, úúO idxÑfha jeo.;au uQ¾;sh jk wU ;=rla hg isák o¾Yk ksrEmKh lr we;' nqÿkaf.a Ôú;fha wkqrd.S oejuh wmairdj jk i,Nkaðld uQ¾;sh jeä jYfhkau ksrEmKh lr we;s l:djla jk oelsh yelsh udrhdf.a fm<Uùu fuys o¾Ykh fõ' fuu wfYdal wêrdchdf.a iuh ;=< uyd iEh m%p,s; isoaêh jkafka wjdikdfõ" mdmfha yd .fvd,ska bÈ lrk ,o kuq;a tys wo jk úg úkdYfha wêm;shd f,i nqoaO O¾ufha i|yka oelsh yels jkafka cqx.d rdcjxYh isá 2 jk

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Map not to scale

MADHYA PRADESH

fn!oaO k.rh keröu idxÑ hkq uOH m%foaYa ys msysá m%dka; w.k.rh jk fNdamd,a isg lsó 49 la tmsáka msysgd we;s l=vd k.rhls'

<Õd úh yels wdldrh .=jkska( wdikak;u .=jkaf;dgqfmd, jkqfha fNdamd,a ys rdcd fNdaÊ .=jkaf;dgqfmd<hs' uqïndhs" yhsødndoa" È,a,sh" bkafoda¾" fpkakdhs yd rdhsmQ¾ isg fNdamd,a olajd ksrka;r .=jka hdkd .uka lrhs' jeä ÿr .uka i|yd l=,Sr: ,nd.; yelsh' ÿïßfhka( wdikak;u ÿïßh ia:dk jkqfha ú§I yd fNdamd,a jk w;r ish¿u jeo.;a k.r yd tajd iïnkaO fõ' ud¾.fhka( idxÑ" uOH m%foaYa ys ish¿u jeo.;a k.r iïnkaO lrk fNdamd,a - id.¾ uyd ud¾. fha msysgd we;'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Pdhd rE

ishji olajd Èfjk .,a jHqyh muKls' ia:Qmh jg lr.;a ueo ñÿ,la f,i mj;S' tjlg thg fõÈldjla u; ke.S isák w;r tys ÈjH isoaOia:dk l=¿Klao mej;s‚' .x.d yd huqkd f,dalfha ia;r ;%s;ajfha ixfla;h jk ia;r kï .x.d fojÕkkaf.a wk.s uQ¾;s ndysr ;=fka ffY,uh P;%h olakg ,efí' w,xldr lrk w;r we;=<; nqÿ rÿka msmqKq ukd f,i m%;sixialrKh lrk mshqula u; N+ñ iam¾Y uqøfjka ,o ia:Qm 3 uyd ia:Qmhg Bidk jev isà-t;=ukaf.a ol=Kq yia;h 45 jk úydrh È.ska msysgd we; ^ia:Qmh 1& 1851 N+ñh iam¾Y lrk w;r nqoaO;ajh fyd¢kau wdrlaId i|yd idlaIs ork f,i uyS §" nqÿkaf.a ióm;u wkq.dñlhka l< wdY%uhkaf. ldka;djg werhqï lr isà' 51 fofofkl=f.a Od;= /.;a udyeÕs ka tlla jk jk úydrh wfkl=;a úydr yhg lr~q folla fidhd.kakd ,§' w;r tl, thg jvd l%uj;a jk w;r ñÿ,la jgd idxÑ l÷ .egfha nEjqu my< u¿j isoaOia:dk l=¿Klao ;s î we;' fldßfvdajlska fjka lrk ,o u; jk 2 jk ia:Qmfhao jeo.;a wdY%ñl l=á iys; fõ' kIagdjfYaIhka oelsh yelsh fyd¢kau ixrlaIKh lr we;s wdY%uhka 17 jk mkai, ish¿u mkai,a w;=ßka jeo.;a w;r" 45 jk úydrfhys msßh; ie,eiau l=¿Kla mkai, fjhs' th myf<diajk ishjfia bÈ lr jeks ldurhla jk w;r th ldur .Kkdjla we;s w;r bkaÈhdfõ mer‚;u wdlD;sl mkai,a

idxÑ ia:Qm mkai,l kgnqka¦ wNsuqL msgqj( idxÑ ia:Qm j, nqÿ ms<suhla

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cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Pdhd rE

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wNsuqL msgqj( ia:Qmj, ol=Kq È. f;drK oajdrj, leghï¦ wfYdal rcq úiska bÈlrk ,o idxÑ ys fkreï ia:Qm

w;=ßka tlls' fuu .=ma;d ld,hg wh;a mkai, msysgd we;s w;r fu!¾hh hq.fha wdY%u 14 la yd bÈlr we;af;a ffY,uh M,l iu. me;,s jy,la ia:Qm 34la oelsh yelsh' idxÑ isg lsó 10 la tmsáka yd ukdj leghï lrk ,o isxy l=¿Kq ysia iys; we;s fidkdß ia:Qmhka ufyaYdLH jQ ia:Qm wglska ia:ïN i;rla u.ska by<g kxjk ,o újD; me;s ixpdrlhka we| ne| ;nd.kS' fmr fniak.¾ f,i we;s oajdr uKavmhla iys;jh' th miqld,Skj T§I y÷kajk ,o ú§Ih l%sia;= mQ¾j ;=kajk ishjfia§ yd lcqydfrda ys ixj¾Okh lrk ,o iïNdjH yskaÿ wfYdal wêrdchd úiska md,kh lrk ,§' fu!¾hh ks¾udKhkag mQ¾j.dó úh' fuys fl!;=ld.drh ;=< hq.fha isg mrdur hq.h olajd ld,hkag wh;a mqrd leŒïj,ska fidhd.;a uQ¾;s" wdNrK" jia;= iys; ú§I fl!;=ld.drh mqrd;k ueá n÷ka" wdhqO yd fuj,ïj, f,dj fj; we;s ljq¿jla n÷h' idxÑ fidakdß hkq fldgia ;ekam;a lr we;' m%Odku isg lsó 8 la tmsáka we;s wkaO¾ ys ufyaYdLH jQ m%o¾Yk NdKavhka w;=ßka tlla fyd¢ka ixrlaIKh ia : Q m wgls k a hq ; a jkafka uyd ia:Qmfha olaIsK fodrgqj lrk ,o l=vd ia:Qm ;j;a wdY%ñl Like wi< we;s wfYdal ia:ïNfha uqÿfkys ;=kla we;' ia:dkhls' INDIAN DIPLOMACY ;snqKq isxy l=¿Kq ysihs-wfYdal idxÑfha m%p,s; wêrdchd tjeks ia:ïN f.dv k.k fn!oaO ixlS¾Kh ,oafoa jkaokd ud¾. yd mQckSh ia:dk i,l=Kq jQ l,S bkaÈhdj ;=< fyd¢kau Follow lsÍughs' ;j;a jeo.;a m%o¾Yk NdKav lsysmhla ixrlaIKh lrk ,o fn!oaO N+ñ @INDIANDIPLOMACY kï uyd ia:Qmfha fodrgqj wi, ;sî ydkshg m;a w;=ßka tlls' fu!¾hh wêrdcHhfha i,Nkaðld yd u;=rd r;= je,s.,a nqoaO m%;sudh' me;sÍu nqoaOd.u ia:dms; ùug u. idxÑ fj; hk .uk iu. i;aOdr" fniak.¾" mE¥ w;r th bkaÈhdfõ m%dfoaYSh Channel fidkdß yd wkaO¾ hk m%foaYo kerôh yelsh' udhsï blaujd .sh m<uq wd.ñl INDIAN DIPLOMACY i;aOdr ys fn!oaO ixlS¾Kh îia .x.d bjqfrys iïm%odh fjhs'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Wreuh

ysre foú÷kag

iaf;da;%hla

wYajhka hq., i;la úiska wÈkq ,nk W;alDIag f,i irikq ,en we;s frdao hq., 12 lska iukaú; ysre foú÷kaf.a iqúYd, r:hla iys; 13 jk ishjfia fldKd¾la fofjd, jQ l,S ffY,uh ix.S;hla jeksh joka |

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ysre foú÷kag lem l< bkaÈhdfõ jeo.;au fldaú,aj,ska tlla jk fldaKd¾la fofjd, tys ukrï .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" wk.sNjkSh uQ¾;s yd uOHld,Sk T§Ifha iudc b;sydih f.k yer mdñka ysref.a m%Ndj yd §ma;sh wm iu. fnod yod .kS' mQß isg lsó 35 la tmsáka fldaKd¾la ys msysgd we;s fuu 13 jk ishjfia fofjd," c.kak;a foú÷kaf.a wdjdihla jk w;r m%Odk;u yskaÿ jkaokd uOHia:dkhlao fjhs'

wdrïNh fldaKd¾la hk ku meñK we;af;a fldK hk f;areu iys; fldaK yd ysre hk w¾:h iys; wd¾la kï ixialD; mo fol tla ùfuks' úfYaI{hka mjikafka wdla lafIa;% ;=< jkaokd flfrk ysre foú÷ka fldaKdla jk njhs' .Hdiq¾ kï hlaIhd urd oeófuka miq úIaKq foú÷ka Tyqf.a ch.%yKh ieuÍu ms‚i úúO ia:dkhka ;=< w;a yer oeu nj ckm%jdofha i|yka

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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65

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Wreuh

iQ¾h fofjd, jQ l,S ld,sx. .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha ms<sìUqjls

fjhs¦ mQßys Tyqf.a YxLh;a" N+nfkaiaj¾ys Tyqf.a jl%dhqOh;a" cdhsmQ¾ys ;u .odhqOh;a fldaKdla ys ;u fk¿ïu,;a jYfhks' fldaKd¾la fldaú, hkq bkaÈhdj mqrd m%p,s;j ;snQ mqrd;k iQ¾h jkaokdfõ fldgila jk w;r iQ¾h ÈjH rdchd fjkqfjka lemfldg we;' iQ¾hhd fyj;a ysre úYajfha mQ¾K m%ldYkfha wd;auh f,ig yd tys m%ldYkfha úúO pl%hka yd ksreoaêh úYajfha uQ, Od;=j f,ig ie,fla' ysre foú÷ka ms<sn|j jk Y=oaO jQ ,shú,a,la jk iQ¾fhdamksIoa ;=< ysref.a jeo.;alu fukau thg

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jkaokd lsÍfï jeo.;aluo idrdxY fldg olajk w;r fufia mjihs" ˜‍ysref.ka ish,a, WmÈhs' ysre ta ish,af,a meje;au orhs' ta ish,a, ysre ;=<g je§ fkdfmkS hhs'''˜‍' tu.ska wre;a .kajkafka ysre hkq ksuejqïlrejd" wdrlaIlhd yd úkdY lrkakd hk ish,a,u njhs'

.Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha wdYap¾hh ysre foú÷ka ÈjH f,dalh yryd f.k hkq ,nk yd iqúi,a frdao hq., 12 lska hq;a" ÿjk wiqka i;a fofkl= u.ska weof.k hkq ,nk úYd, r:hla

f,i ks¾udKh lr we;s fuu mQcHia:dkh bÈ lr we;af;a l%sj 1250 muK ld,h ;=<§ .x.d rdc jxYhg wh;a rdcd ,ka.=,d krisïy foaj úisks' wrefKdaoh kef.k kef.kysr foig wiq i;a fofkla iQ¾h fofjd< weof.k hdfuka i;sfha Èk y; ixfla;j;a lrkq ,nhs¦ frdao hq., fod<i jif¾ udi 12 o tla tla frdaofha .rdÈ wg ldka;djlf.a Èkfha wg jeoEreï wjëkao ixfla;j;a lrhs' fldaKd¾la fofjdf,a iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla jkafka iQ¾hhd iulh miqlrk Èkj,§ iQ¾h ^ysre& rEmh

u; ysre /ia jefgk wdldrhg th ks¾udKh lr ;sîuhs' fuys foaj;djd jk c.fudayk i|yd ksfjiakhla f,i fofjd< ;=< úudkhla ^m%Odk fofjd<& ilid we;s w;r jkaokdlrejka yg hd{d lsÍu yd mQcdjka i|yd Yd,djlao ks¾;H uKavmhla ^k¾;k Yd,djla&o ms<sfh< lr ;sfí' fuys m%Odk fodrgqj kef.kysr foig uqyqK ,d we;s w;r tksidu uqyqog uqyqK,d msysghs' fldaKd¾la fofjd, jQ l,S ld,sx. .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha idr ix.%yhla n÷h' fujeks

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Wreuh

ysre foú÷ka m%Odk foúhka f,i .efkk fjk;a bka§h mQcHia:dk

iQ¾hkd¾ fldaú, l=ïNfldaKï" ;ñ,akdvqj

iQ¾h fofjd, fudford" .=crdáh

n%yaufoaj fofjd, Wkd´" uOH m%foaYa

l%sj 1100 § l=f,da;=x. fpda, rcq úiska bÈ lrk ,o fuu øúv ffY,sfha fldaú, ysre yd wfkla wdldY jia;+ka wgla ksrEmKh flf¾' thg b;d úÑ;% jQ jkaokd lsÍï l%uhla we;s w;r krUkakka jkaokdj wjika lrkqfha fldaú, kj j;djla meol=Kq lsÍfuks'

fuu Wodr fldaú, fida,kals rdcjxYfha NSïfoaõ rcq úiska l%sj 1026§ bÈ lrk ,o w;r th bÈßmi rEm rdYshlska iukaú; iqúi,a c, fmdl=Kla fjhs' th ks¾udKh lr we;af;a iQ¾hhd iulh miq lrk Èkj,§ ysref.a /ia iQ¾h rEmh u; m;s; fjk wdldrhgh'

fuu fofjdf,a we;s ysre foú÷kaf.a m%;sudj we;af;a l¿ M,l u.ska wdjrKh lrk ,o .fvd,a fõÈldjla u;hs' ysref.a wÈhr 21 ksrEmKh lrk ;%sfldaK úis tlla fuu fofjd< ;=< leghï lr we;' cdkais wi< msysgd we;s fuh i|yd fmaYajdjr yd .aje,sh¾ isg lsó 69 la tmsáka msysá od;shdys md,lhd úiska wkq.%yh olajkq ,efí'

mqrd;k fldaKd¾la iQ¾h fofjdf,a l¿.,a ms<suhla

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olaIK s d¾l fofjd,, .hdoe, ìyd¾ fuys§ jkaokd flfrkq ,nk ysre foú÷kaf.a l¿ .,a m%;sudj brdk iïm%odh wkQj hñka ieÜghla” n| máhla yd Wia nQÜ im;a;= iys;j ks¾udKh lr we;’ uq;=ka ñ;a;ka fjkqfjka mqo mQcd lsÍu i|yd fmdl=Klao tys fjhs’ oekg olakg ,efnk bÈlsÍu 13 jk ishji olajd Èfjk w;r” ol=Kq bka§h wêrdcHfhla jk jrx.,a ys m%;dmreød úiska bÈ lrk ,oaols’

iQ¾h fofjd," iQ¾h my¾" weiEuh

ud;kaoa iQ¾h fofjd," wkka;ak.a" ldYaórh

idfmalaIj kùk bÈlsÍula fjk fuys" ;u mshd jk ldYHm iu. isák iQ¾hf.a rEm 12 lska iukaú; jl%dldr ffY,uh M,lhla olakg ,efí' l,d;aul .Kfha ffY,uh m%;sud oelsh yels neúka iQ¾h my¾ mqrdúoHd;aul kIagdjfYaIhkaf.a ms<sìUqjla f,i ie,fla'

8 jk ishjfia bÈlrk ,o fuu fofjd, lrfldgd rdcjxYfha ,,s;dÈ;H uqlagmsv úiska iïmQ¾K lrk ,o njg mejfia' th ldYaór .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSh olaI;djfha WodyrKhls' th 15 jk ishjfia§ islkao¾ nqÜYslka kï bia,dóh md,lhd úiska úkdY lrk ,o w;r oeka oelsh yelafla kIagdjfYaI mu‚'

wdldrfha fofjd,j,a mxp-r:-foLfojq,a f,i ye¢kafjk w;r tajdfha tla tla m%dido uqLhka l=vd m%lafIamKhka myla u.ska LKavkh fõ' tys m%;sM,hla f,i tys u;=msg wdf,dalfha yd fijke,af,a m%fhda.hka uefjk w;r f¾Ld kñka ye¢kafjk tla wLKav ;sria f¾Ldjl ixl,amkhla f.k th' .c-isïy ixl,amh fuys wk.s f,i uQ¾;su;a ù we;'WodyrKhla f,i fuys m%fõYh iqúi,a isxyhka fofofkl= úiska wdrlaId flfrk w;r tla tla isxyhka hqO yia;shka urd ouk whqre;a yia;shd hg ñksfila isákqo oelsh yelsh' isxyhka wdvïnrh ksfhdackh lrk w;r yia;shka Okh ksfhdackh lrhs' fï fofokdu tlaj ñksid hgm;a lsÍfuka f,!lsl n,h wNsnjd wdOHd;añl n,h ke.S tk whqre;a kQ.;a nfõ ixfla;h oekqu u.ska hgm;a lrk whqre;a úoHdudk lrhs' uq,skau uqyqÿ fjr< ;Srh u; bÈlrk ,o fuu fofjd< tys w÷re meyeh fya;=fjka ld, ia:Qmh

f,io yÿkajk ,§' T§Ih n,d hk mqrd;k keúhka úiska fuh kdúl ìïi,l=Kla f,io Ndú;d lrk ,§' fï wdY%s; ;j;a rij;a lreKla jkafka fofjd, u; n/;s ldkaoula iú lr ;snQ nj;a fofjdf,a iEu .,a follau hlv ;yvqj,g ueÈj ;snQ nj;a h' fuu ldkaoï yd hlv iú lr ;snQ wdldrh ksid ms<suh mdfjñka ;snQ njo lshefõ' ;jo" by< ldkaou keõ Èhn;a Like lsÍug ;=vq foñka ud,sudjkaf.a MEA INDIA l%shdldÍ;ajhg ndOd isÿ l< neúka th miqj bj;a l< nj;a lshfõ' fuu fofjdf,a iqkaor;ajh yd Follow fi!kao¾hh bkaÈhdfõ fYaIaG @MEAINDIA idys;HOr rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ úiska fufia leá fldg olajkq ,nhs( —ffY,uh NdIdj ñksia Channel NdIdj wNsnjd hk ;ekla we;akï MEA INDIA ta fuhhs'˜‍

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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Wreuh

ffY, u; fk,k ,o

wêrdcHhl jxY l:dj

mÜgvl,a kï jk fldaú,a k.rh jQ l,S W;=re yd ol=Kq bka§h ie,iqïlrKfha ishqï;r jQ ,laIKhka yd pd¨‍lH .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh w;r ixfhda.fha W;alDIag jQ WodyrKhls'

W;=re l¾Kdglfha u,m%Nd .x bjqr u; jk mÜgvl,a kï fldaú,a ixlS¾Kh" úN+;su;a hq.hl isysjgkhls' úfYaIS jQ fldaú,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhla úoyd mdk ffY,uh leghï fuys oelsh yelsh' pd¨‍lH rdc jxYh hgf;a f.dvke.=Kq mÜgvl,a úYsIag ffY,uh l,djla yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhl ixfla;hls' fuu hqfkiaflda Wreu N+ñh ks;ru i|yka jkafka ta wjg we;s ;j;a ft;sydisl ia:dk folla jk nodñ yd whsfyda,a iu.h' nodñ

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tys .=yd fldaú,aj,g m%isoaO ù we;s w;r whsfyda,a ÿ¾.d fldaú,g m%p,s;h' mÜgvl,a m%p,s;j we;af;a úfYaI ks¾udKYS,S;ajhla yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhla fmkajk fldaú,a iuQyh ksidh' ol=fKa pd¨lHjre 7 jk yd 8 jk ishjiaj,§ fuu l,dmh md,kh l<y' i;H jYfhkau" wdYap¾hu;a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhla m%o¾Ykh jQ fyhska tu hq.h iaj¾Kuh hq.hla f,i ie,fla' fuu bÈlsÍï ishjia .Kkla mer‚

iaudrlhka ;=< úoHdudk fõ' Tjqkaf.a ffY,sh jqjo" tajd ;=< mer‚ f,dj wdl¾IKhla .eíj mj;sk w;r wk.s jQ ixialD;sl úúO;ajhla iys; jQ l,S W;=re yd ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq ffY,Skaf.a jQ uyd¾> rdcOdkshl l:dkaorh iïñY%Khls' l,dlrejka yd lshdmdñka ixrlaIKh ù we;' lïlrejka hk fomsßiu bkaÈhdfõ mÜgvl,ays pd¨‍lH iuh ld¾hlaIu mßmd,khla" fuu m%foaY folskau meñ‚ ksid fldaú,a W;=re yd fuu úfYaI;ajh we;s ù we;s njg fjf<|dï" jd‚cH yd úfYaIS .Dy ol=Kq bkaÈhdjkq ks¾udK Ys,amhl ixj¾Okh i|yd ie,lsh yelsh' k¾uodfõ isg ldfõß .Dy ks¾udK idlaIH orkakls' olajd me;sÍ hk fuu wêrdcHfha ffY,Skaf.a ukd uq i q j ls ' fuu wêrdcHfha ftYaj¾hh úYd,;ajh tys fldaú,aj, úúO;ajh mÜgvl,a fldaú,a iuQyho we;=<;a úoyd mdhs' 7 jk yd 8 jk ishjiaj,§

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jfï isg ol=Kg: cïnq,sx.d fldaú,, .,.kd;a fldaú,, mÜgvl,a ys fldaú,la, ldYs úYafõYajrka fldaú,

pd¨‍lHjre mÜgvl,ays fldaú,a .Kkdjla bÈ ks¾udK Ys,amSh w;ayod ne,Sfï uq,ald,Sk lrk ,oy' wNsfIalfha ia:dkh hk w¾:h iys; W;aidyhls' b;sydi{ kS,ldka; ;u ol=Kq mÜgvl,a¨‍ hkq nodñ pd¨‍lH rcjre wNsfIalh bka§h b;sydih kï .%ka:h ;=< fuu ffY,sh ,;a ia:dkhhs' tu hq.h ;=< pd¨‍lH rdc jxYfha hï ;rul úfõpkhlg ,la lrhs' Tyq ixialD;sl w.k.rh jQfha thhs' mjikafka —‍fuu fldaú, wä 90la È.= jk l=vd úydria:dk .Kkdjlska yd úúO bka§h w;r tys È.g wkQj my;a jeäh" tys l=¿K .Dy ks¾udK Ys,am ffY,Skaf.a m%;sud mdoï kshu W;=re ffY,sfhka we;s kuq;a b;d l=vdj j,ska jgjQ fldaú,a 10 lska yd ffck wdY%uhlska bÈlr we;s w;r tys wka;rd,h ^jdy,alv& mÜgvl,a iukaú; fjhs' bka fldaú,a yhla b;d úYd,h''' W;=re yd ol=Kq úfYaIdx. tla ol=Kq øúv ffY,shg ks¾udKh bÈlsÍulg ixfhda. lsÍug oerE lr we;s w;r wfkla i;r W;=re m<uq W;aidyh fuh úh yelsh" Ysj yd ffck bka§h ffY,sfhka bÈù we;' kuq;a th ;rula wid¾:lh'˜‍ wdY% u hka Ysj foú÷kaf.a wdYs¾jdoh ,nd. fuu fldaú,a jkdyS tlsfklg ekSu i|yd rdcHh mqrdu ne;su;=ka pd¨‍lHjrekaf.a wk.sNjkSh wdikakj msysgd meñfKk úrEmlaI fldaú, bka md,kh yd ol=Kq bkaÈhdj ;=< ;sîu wd.ñl m%isoaOu fldaú,hs' ix.fïYajr fjk;a lsisÿ lf,l fkdÿgq wk¾> WfmalaIdj yd u,a,sld¾cqk fldaú,ao tu Ôjk rgdjla úoHdudk lrkq lshdmdhs ffY,sfhkau bÈlr we;' b;sydi{ ,nkakls' Ysj foú÷ka yd ffck kS,ldka; Ydia;%Sg wkQj" úrEmlaI wdY%uhka iyfhda.S f,i tlaj fldaú, bÈlr we;af;a úl%udÈ;H II /ðKla ;sîu ;=<ska pd¨‍lH rcjrekaf.a m%uqødj jk úisks' Tyq mjik wdldrhg ldxÑmqrï isg wd.ñl WfmalaIdj yd wkd.dñl wdl,amhka lïlrejka /f.k wd w;r tneúka m,a,j rdc ms<sìUq lrhs' iufha ffl,ikd: fldaúf,a Rcq wkqlrKhla mÜgvl,a fldaú,a pd¨‍lH Ôjk rgdfõ oelsh yelsh' ixlS¾K;ajh fy<s lrkakls' u,m%Nd .x.dj mmkd: fldaú, yd .,.kd: fldaú," W;=re woaor l=vd .ula msysgd we;s w;r th f.ù yd ol=Kq bka§h wdNdih wkQj isÿl< .Dy .sh w;S;h ms<sn| ksy~ idlaIHhla imhhs'

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mÜgvl,a keröu mÜgvl,a msysgd we;af;a l¾Kdgl m%dka;fha nodñ yd whsfyda,a fldaú,a ixls¾Kh iómfhah' tlsfklg iómfhys msysgd we;s ksid fukau ft;sydisljo tlsfklg iïnkaO ksid idudkHfhka hfula tla jr fuu ia:dk ;%s;ajhu keröug hkq ,nhs'

<Õd úh yels wdldrh .=jkska( wdikak;u .=jkaf;dgqfmd< fn,d.=ïh" mÜgvl,a isg lsó 180 la tmsáka msysgd we;' wdikak;u cd;Hka;r .=jkaf;dgqfmd< fnx.d¨‍reh' uqïndhs yd fpkakdhs isg .=jka hdkd .uka lrhs' ÿïßfhka( mÜgvl,a fj; Rcq ÿïßh ke;' mÜgvl,a isg lsó 22 la muK tmsáka msysá nodñ fj; ÿïßfhka .uka l< yelsh' jeä ÿr .uka i|yd l=,S r: ,nd.; yelsh' ud¾.fhka( fuu ixpdrl k.rhg ksrka;r nia r: yd l=,S r: fiajd ,nd.; yelsh' fnx.d¨‍re isg th lsó 500 l muK ÿßkao fn,d.=ï isg lsó 167 l ÿßkao msysgd we;'

fuu fldaú,a uydNdr;" N.j;" mxp;ka;%Sh rdc jxYfha woaú;Sh ksrEmK yelshdjka yd Tjqkaf.a yd tu ld,fha iuld,Sk iudc Ôú;h ms<sn| pdß;% yd úYajdihkaf.a l:dj lshd mdhs' l:dkaorhka f.k yer olajhs' l,dj yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amhg wdorh oelajQ fldaú,a iuQyh" Ysj foú÷kaf.a úúO wdlD;s pd¨‍lH md,lhka l,dlrejkaf.a kj;u ffY,Ska yd W;aijuQ¾;s f,i y÷kajk l=vd úydria:dk w;ayod ne,Su i|yd Èßÿka nj b;sydi{fhda mji;s' iu. ixj¾Okh lr we;' úúO .Dy ks¾udK fuu ksoyi l,dfõ wk.s;u jQ ksrEmKhkag bv Ys,am ffY,Skaf.a ixfhdackfhka Ysj foú÷ka újr l< w;r wo jk úg fuu fldaú,a b;sydifha ksrEmKh lrk m%Odk fldaú,a jkafka ldYs wdYap¾hhka f,i ke.S isà' tneúka" fvlEka úYafõYajr" u,a,sld¾cqk" .,.kd: ^wkaOldiqr m%foaYh ;=< jir 200 l muK ld,hla ;siafia hlaIhd mrojk Ysj foú÷kaf.a w;ayodne,Sï uOHia:dkhla f,i ms<suh /.;a& yd ix>fïIajrhs' mÜglv,a /chqfõh' fuu w;ayodne,Sï mÜgvl,ays lodisoafoaYaj¾ yd cïnq,sx.d hkq kj wka;hla lrd ke.S isá rdc ffY,uh l=vd ksjqka fldaú,a oaú;ajhls' jxYhl ixfla;d;aul ixl,amhls' fldaú,a fYaIaG pkaøfialr fldaú, b;d o¾YkSh fuys ffY,uh fldaú,a fYa%IaG pd¨‍lH pd¨‍lH hq.fha yd ukyr jk w;r th l,d;aul hq.fha ixfla;fhda fj;s' fuu fldaú,a ixfla;fhda wdYap¾hfha ksfhdackhls' fj; fy,kq ,nk ióm ne,aulska fj;s úrEmlaI fldaú, ;=< Ysj foú÷ka b;sydifha rgdj fjkia l< yd t;=ukaf.a f;jk wei iu. wkd.; md,lhka yg n,mEï isÿ l< ksrEmKh lr we;- fuh pd¨‍lH l,dj yd iqúfYaIS jQ rdc jxYhl wdVH ixialD;shl wurŒh ixialD;sfha w.%lD;shla f,i ie,fla' fldaú,a l:djka oelsh yelsh' ixlS¾Kfha fodrgqj wNshi iqúYd, kkaÈ fyj;a rla;mqr ^r;= k.rh& f,io y÷kajk ,o jDINfhl=f.a rejla leghï lr we;' mÜgvl,a tys úYsIag;ajfha Wmßuhg meñ‚fha ol=fKa pd¨‍lHhka yd W;=f¾ .=ma;djreka .Dy pd¨‍lH iufha jk w;r rdclSh iaudrl N+ñhla ks¾udK Ys,amfha úYsIag;ajh i|yd m%p,s; neúka f,i ls%hd;aul úh' jir .Kkdjla ;siafia pd¨‍lH b;sydi{fhda Tjqka ikaikaokh lr;s' fuu hq.h wurŒh lr ;enQfha fuu fldaú,aj, úfYaIS fldaú,a md,lhka mrïmrdjla mqrd mej;s pd¨‍lH iqúYsIag;ajhhs'

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ixialD;sh

iaj¾Kuh

f.daj

mD;=.Sis wdl%uKfhka n,mEï ,;a f.dafõ wmQ¾j jQ foajia:dk yd lkHdrduj, úYsIag .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh lsisfjl=g u. yer hd fkdyel

ìcdmq¾ iq,a;dkajrhd 15 jk ishjfia§ ukafodaú .fÕa f;dgqfmd<la f,i mer‚ f.daj bÈ lf<ah'Èh w.,lska jg jQ fuu k.rh ;=< tjlg wÈ,a Id kï md,lhdf.a ud,s.h;a uqia,sï m,a,s yd fldaú,a lsysmhl=;a ;sì‚' 1510 § mD;=.Siska úiska fuh w,a,d .kq ,enQ w;r" 16 jk 18 jk ishjia ;=<§ th mD;=.Sis bkaÈhdfõ w. kqjr f,i mj;ajdf.k hk ,§' mD;=.Siska uyoaùm yryd fjf<|dï isÿ l< uOHia:dkh jQfha fuhhs' flfiafj;;a uef,aßhd yd fld,rd jix.;h me;sÍu;a iu. fï iaj¾Kuh hq.h ksudjg m;a úh' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha 1543 jir jk úg tys isá ,laI folla muK jQ ck;dj 1775 jk úg 1"500 la olajd wvq ùuhs' w.kqjr mkaðï fj; ^mD;=.Sisfhka fkdajd f.daj f,i y÷kajk ,o& f.k hkq ,eîu;a iu." fuu

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k.rh fj,ayd f.daj fyj;a mer‚ f.daj f,i ye¢kaú‚' wo jk úg f.daj" tys b;sydih yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha úYsIag;ajh fya;=fjka hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreu N+ñhla f,i kï lrkq ,en we;'

foajia:dk yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh mkaðï w.kqjßka lsñ 10 la kef.kysrg fjkakg msysgd we;s fuu ia:dkh f.daj vQrdvd fyj;a iaj¾Kuh f.daj f,i ye¢kafõ' 16 jk yd 17 jk ishjiaj, f.dvk.k ,o úúO foaj iNdjkag lemjQ foajia:dk fuys oelsh yels w;r fia wdik foõ ueÿr ^f.dafõ kdhl ìfIdma;=udf.a foajia:dkh&" wisis ys Ydka; *a/kaisia;=udf.a foajia:dkh" Ydka; lefcgka ;=udf.a foajia:dkh" Ydka; le;ßka foõ

frdaudkq lf;da,sl foajia:dkhla jk wisisys Ydka; *a/ kaisia foajia:dkh yd lkHdrdufha we;=<;¦ wNsuqL msgqj( Ydka; *a/ kaisia lafiaúh¾ ;=ud yd f.dafõ bka§h wdKavqldr ud¾áï w,afmdkafid ä iQid yuqfjk o¾Ykhla oelafjk ,sh¾ys Ydka; .=udreia foajia:dkfha rx; ùÿre ljq¿jla

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mkacdhs ys ks¾u, fïß ms<sis£fï foajia:dkh

ueÿr yd frdiß wd¾hdjf.a foajia:dkh tys§ m%Odkh' fuhg m%odkh lrk ,oafoa gialksys uyd wdÈmdojrhd fuys we;s iqúfYaISu foajia:dkhla jkafka Ydka; *a/ jk fuäisia" fldisfuda III úiska nj lshefõ' kaisia lafiaúh¾;=udf.a uD; YÍrh iys; fndï fÊiqia fuu fidfydka f.h leghï lr ksu lsÍug neis,sld foajia:dkhhs' f.dafõ m%Odk;u Ydka;=jrhd *af,dfrka;shdkq uQ¾;s Ys,amsfhl= jk .sfhdjkaks f,i ie,flk Ydka; *a/kaisia lafiaúh¾;=ud frdaudkq neáiagd yg oYlhla .; ù we;' t;=udf. uD; lf;da,sl foaj iNdjg wh;a wdishdfõ m<uq uQ,ia:dkh YÍrh ;ekam;a lr we;s fmÜáh ksujd we;af;a jk Ydka; fmda,a úoHd,h wdrïN lsÍfï ,d uQ,sl;ajh ßÈfhks' ;j;a rij;a lreKla jkafka fia wdik .kq ,eì‚' foõ ueÿr f.daj wdl%uKfhka miq w,afmdkafida fv f.dafõ fndfyda foajia:dk f.dvk.kq w,anql¾la f.a ksfhda.h hgf;a m<uqj ,enQfha hqfrdamd wdY%ñl ksldhka úisks f.dv k.d we;af;a b;d l=vd lgqueá is h jia ;shàka foajia:dkh" T.iaàkaia foajia:dkh" foajia:dkhla f,i ùuhs' bkamiq mqkreo .Kkdjla mer‚ *a/kaisialkaia yd frdudkq lf;da,sl iufha .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfhka f.dv f.daj foajia:dk foajia:dkh hkd§ jQ tajd ishjia .Kkdjla ke.=Kq tys msg; gialka ffY,s fhka fndfydauhla mer‚ jk w;r W;alDIag jQ l%sia;shdks ksuù we;s w;r uydoajdrh fldßka;shdkq W;alDIag l,djg ksjyka fjhs' l=¿Kqj,skao msúiqu fj; .uka lrk l%sia;shdks msh.egfm, iys; tijQ fõÈldjlskao l,djg ksjyka l,dj" uQ¾;s Ys,amh yd ;j;a foa iukaú; fõ' fuu úYd, foõ ueÿfrys fjhs' f.dafõ foajia:dk .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh leghï l< fkß l=¿Kq yd geï oelsh mqkreo" nefrdala" whsfíßhdkq yd uekqfj,ska ffY,Skaf.a yelsh' iqúYd, jQ rka iSkqjla l=¿K u; iú lr we;s iïñY%Khls' ish¿u foajia:dk iqÿ meye m%dido w;r fifkdrd ä tiam/kald ^wfmalaIdfõ ud;dj&" uqLhkaf.ka hqla; jk kuqÿ tajd ish,a,g tlsfklg l=reisfha weK .eiQ fÊiqia jykafia yd Ydka; mSg¾ iqúfYaIS jQ fm!reIhka we;' fndï fÊiqia neis,sldfõ yd Ydka; fmda,a Ydka;=jreka fomi isák Ydka; m%dido uqyqK; wfhdksla" fvdaßla yd fldßka;shdkq fkß le;ßka ms<srE oelsh yelsh' fuys jev lghq;= 1619 § l=¿Kqj,ska iqieÈh' tys iS,suo úÑ;% f,i irid we;' ksu lrk ,oaod jqjo th lem lrk ,oafoa 1640 §h' wdishdfõ tjlg mej;s fÊiq ì<s÷kag lemjQ W;alDIagu Ydka; lefcgka foajia:dkh ksulr we;af;a foajia:dkh f,i ie,l=Kq fuh f.dv k. ,oafoa l¿ frdaufha Ydka; mS;r foajia:dkfha uq,a ksuejqugu .%ekhsÜ j,sks' Ydka; *a/kaisia ;=udf.a fidfydkaf.h wkql+,jhs' fldßka;shdkq ffY,sfhka f.dvk.d

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ju( mqrd;k fndï fÊiqia neis,sld foajia:dkfha wfmalaIdfõ ud;djg lem lr we;s w,a;drh¦ my<( bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u foajia:dkh jk Ydka; le;ßka foajia:dkh we;=<;

we;s fuhg ,egrhsÜ .,a yd yqKq nodu Wmfhda.S lrf.k we;' fomi bÈlr we;s RcqfldaKdi%dldr l=¿Kq fldßka;shdkq ia:ïNj,ska iukaú; jk w;r fuu l=¿Kq u; foaj ¥;hkaf.a m%;sudjka .s,a¨‍ï lmd we;' m%Odk w,a;drh yereKq úg Y=oaO jQ mjq," iqis,aj;anfõ ud;dj" Ydka; laf,hd¾" Ydka; fcdaka" Ydka; we.akia yd Ydka; lefcgka fj; lem lrk ,o ;j;a w,a;dr yhla fuys ;sfí' wisisys Ydka; *a/kaisia foajia:dkh m<uqj l=vd foõ ueÿrla f,i bÈ lrk ,o w;r 1521 § kùlrKh lrkq ,en 1602 § lem lrk ,§' flfia fj;;a oeka we;s foajia:dkh f.dv k.k ,oafoa 1661 §h' ta i|yd nefrdala" fldßka;shdkq yd gialka ,laIK uqyq lr we;' fuys m%dido uqLh wIagdi% yevfhka hq;a l=¿kq folla iys;j ;Ügq ;=klg ksujd ;sfí' tys l=vd wjldYhl ußh ud;djf.a ms<srejla oelsh yelsh' thg hdno lkHdrdufha 1964 § bka§h mqrdúoHd iólaIKh (ASI) u.ska ie,iqï lrk ,o f.dafõ wdVH jQ b;sydih lshd mdk fl!;=ld.drhla we;' Ydka; le;ßka foajia:dkho ASI u.ska wdrlaId lrkq ,en we;' ;Ügq ;=klska hq;a m%dido uqLfha i;/ia l=¿kq oelsh yelsh' th m<uqj w,afmdkafida ä w,anql¾la úiska ;u wdl%uKh ieuÍug 1510 § lgqueáfhka ksu lrk ,oaols' 1534 § th ,egrhsÜ .,aj,ska kej; f.dv k.k ,§' frdiß wd¾hdjf.a foajia:dkh f.dv k.d we;af; uekqfj,ska ffY,sfhks' w,afmdkafida ä w,anql¾la f.daj hg;a lr.ekSfuka miq ;u ch.%yKhg lD;.=K oelaùula jYfhka fuh f.dv k.k ,o nj lshfõ' fudkaÜ iekafgda ^Y=oaO jQ l÷jeáh& u; bÈ lrk ,o fuh ukafodaú .Õg yd Èjd¾ Like ÿm;g uqyqK,d isà' tys ljq¿ jy, INDIAN DIPLOMACY wdikakfhau we;s w;r jl%dldr l=¿Kqj,skao hqla;j n,fldgqjl yevh f.k ths' Follow foajia:dkj, we;s w;a iqkaor jQ @INDIANDIPLOMACY Ñ;% yd uQ¾;Ska fukau úYsIag .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh f.daj vQ¾vdj tys kfuys w¾:h fudkjg meyeÈ,s Channel lrhs - jáakd" ÿ,n yd iq/lsh INDIAN DIPLOMACY hq;= f.daj'

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ixialD;sh

k¾;kh ;=<ska

l:dkaor f.dv ke.Su

iïNdjH l=Ñmqä k¾;kh yd m¾hdh jkakd jQ rdcd iy rdOd frâä kï jQ úYsIag k¾;k Ys,amSka fom< fuu mqrd;k k¾;k l,dj bkaÈhdj ;=< fukau f,dj mqrd o /f.k f.dia thg kj m%dKhla ,nd § we;' joka |

wreK pkaordcq

l=Ñmqä k¾;k l,dfõ yd bka§h iïNdjH k¾;k meñŒfuka wk;=rejhs' rdcd m<uqj l=Ñmqä f,dalh ;=< jeä jYfhkau iïNdjkdjg md;% jQ k¾;kfha m%;srEmhla n÷ jQ fõoka;ï c.kakd: pß; folls rdcd yd rdOd frâä' fuu úYsIaghka i¾ud fj; .sho Tyqj m%;slafIam flß‚' i¾ud fom< l=Ñmqä k¾;k l,dj cd;Hka;r fõÈldjg mejiQfha rdcd yg —k¾;k Ys,amsfhl= yg iqÿiq /f.k .sh fukau th f,dal ixialD;sl is;shu fm!reIh fkdue;s˜ njhs' yhsøndoa úYajúoHd,fha u; iksgqyka l< Ôjudk hq. mqreIhka fofofkl= l=Ñmqä mdGud,djla fkd;sì ksid rdcd l;la f,i ie,fla' k¾;k ämaf,daudjla ,nd .;af;ah' bkamiq fuu fuu k¾;k wdlD;sh ;=< jk mßmQ¾K;ajhka hqj< f.!rjmQ¾jlj we.fhk tÆre ys l=Ñmqä fjk fjkuu <Õd lr.;a fofofkl= wdpd¾h fõoka;ï m%ya,do i¾ud fj; f,i fuu hqj, iïNdjkdjg md;% .sh w;r Tyq Tjqkag W.ekaùug k¾;kh / fõ' l=Ñmqä úYsIag;u k¾;k l,djla leue;a; m< lf<ah' t;eka mgka oeä lshdjla f,i njg m;a lrjk ,diH yd ;dKavj l¾lY mqyqKq ld,hla wdrïN úh' f;dard.ekSu ,laIKhka Tjqka fofokdf.a k¾;kh th jQ l,S k¾;kh t;rï jeo.;a ksid fuu fom, ;=< w,xldrj;aj mßmQ¾K;ajhg Ôjk ud¾.hlehs fkdie¨‍l=Kq hq.hls' ;u úia;D; mjqf,a Woyig m;afjkq oelsh yelsh' flfia jqj;a frâä m%cdj l,djg wkq.%dyl;ajh ,la jQy' fuu l:dkaorh msgqmi ieÕù we;af;a imhkakka f,i ;ukaju y÷kdf.k úIu;djhkag tfrys ks¾NS; wr.,hla isá tl," ;ukaf.a flfkl= yd we.hSug ,la l< hq;= ;sr wêIaGdkhlska k¾;khg msúiSu wmlS¾;shla f,i ie,ls‚' ta úYsIag;ajh lrd isÿ l< .ukls' fj; oelajQ oeä úfrdaOfha m%;sM,h jQfha rdcdf.a ujg iudch fj; msúiSug ;ykï lsÍu yd fuu .uk fom< ;u úia;D; mjqf,a Woyig ,laùu;a h' 1943 yd 1955 jirj,§ tlai;a wdkaød m%foaYfha tfy;a ch.; hq;= ;j;a wNsfhda.hla ;sì‚' 1966 l=vd k.rhl ms<sfj<ska rdcd yd rdOd Wm; ,enQy' jif¾§ wdkaød m%foaYa rcfha YsIH;ajhla ,eîfuka ;u uq,a .u jk wÈ,ndoa ys l=Ñmqä N.j;ï ys miq fuu hqj, È,a,sh fj;g meñ‚ w;r .=re udhd k¾;khkaf.ka wkqm%dKh ,;a rdcd yg k¾;k rd´ hgf;a kD;H úoHdj yd fjk;a fõÈld l,djka Ys,amsfhl= ùfï oefjk wdYdjla ;sì‚' rdOd Wf.kSug mgka .;ay' 1970 jif¾§ È,a,s fou< k¾;kh W.;af;a rdcd yd újdm;a ù yhsøndohg ix.uh i|yd isÿ l< k¾;kh jk f;la fï fom<

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m%ùK l=Ñmqä k¾;k Ys,amSka fom<" rdcd yd rdOd frâä" fõÈld m%ix. hl

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ixialD;sh

m%ix.hl§ rdcd yd rdOd hqj, ;u Èh‚hka jk Ndjkd yd hdñks iu.' wNsuqL msgqj(rdcd yd rdOd frâä kD;H ,S,djlska

jir .Kkla uy;a jQ wr.,hla isÿ l<y' yd f,dal m%isoaO W;aij yd kD;Hdh;kj, k.rh wjÈj wjOdkh fhduq lrkakg úh' bkaÈhdfõ yd fjk;a rgj, rdcH kdhlhka yd oeka Tjqkag wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka muKla m%N+ka bÈßfha ;u /Õ=‍ï olajd we;' ckdêm;sjre" fkdj uy;a yrißka w;afmd<ika fokafka w.ue;sjre" rcjre" /ðkshka yd úúO uq¿ uy;a f,dalhhs' úpdrlhkaf.a f>daId;aul lafIa;%j, m%ùKhka Tjqkaf.a /Õ=‍ï úkaokh lr úpdr" fma%laIld.drj, ke.S isá w;afmd<ika § we;' 1974 § m%xYfha fma%laIlhkaf.a m%S;Sf>daIdjka weú.afkdka ys§ fma%laIlhka ke.S 1970 jif¾§ isÿ iy ifydaor Ys,amSkaf.a f.!rjh isg Tjqkag fl;rï È.= fõ,djla l< bÈßm;a lsÍu Tjqka fj; .,d tkakg mgka m%S;sf>daId meje;ajQfhao h;a Tjqkag jk f;la Tjqyq .;af;ah' bkamiq Tjqyq kdgH th ysi kud ms<s.ekSug 10 jrla jir .Kkl ÿIalr ld,hla miq l<y' ;rx.sks kï kD;Hdhd;kh fõÈldjg meñŒug isÿ úhæ wdrïN l<y' 1998" jrkdisfha .x.d bkamiq rdOdf.a ifydaoßh fl!I,Hd ^miqj ufyda;aiõ ys§ fuu fom< >Ü u; k¾;kh rdcdf.a ìß| njg m;ajQ& Tjqka yd tla jQjdh' wdrïN lrk úg jeis jiskakg mgka .;af;ah' miqld,Skj ;dñks yd Ndjkd kï jQ Èh‚jre rdcd fõÈldj u;g f.dia Ysj foú÷kaf.ka fofokdo fï yd tla jQy' fufia wheo isáfhah( ˜‍ ud ienE ne;suf;l= kï" lreKdlr jeisÈh Tnf.a cgcQgï ^È.= flia iïNdjkdj l<U& fj; weo.kak'˜‍ túg j¾Idj kej;s‚æ fuu fom< iïNdjŒh m%ix. Yd,dj, Tjqkaf.a k¾;kh wjika jk úg h<s jeis weo

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jeá‚' iïm%odh wdrlaId lrk w;ru" jvd mq¿,a yskaÈ Nla;s .S; ta w;r m%Odk fõ' Tjqkaf.a ;j;a jQ fma%laIl iuQyhla fj; .uka lsÍu i|yd w;ayod ne,Sula jkafka k¾;k ffY,Ska yhla Tjqka ksrka;r kj tla lsÍïo lrk ,§' l=Ñmqä fhdod lrk ,o kdgHï h' ys iïu; úIhhkaf.ka" iïm%odhsl ;s<sÕ=‍ yd fï ish,a, w;r;a iïNdjH;ajh fj; we;s ixialD; meÈj,ska Tíng f.dia ks¾udKhka wmQ¾j jQ wkql, + ;ajh fya;f = jka rdOd yd rdcd isÿ lrk ,§' WodyrKhla Y=oê a jd§ka f,i f.!rjh ,nd. f,i yskaÈ uqød kdgH l=Ñmqä ks;'s rdcd fufia mjihs( ˜‍l,dj rdcd yd rdOd frâä ;=< m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu oelaúh .Õla jeksh' mer‚ c,h .,d ;u id¾:l;ajh yelsh' fmr ckdêm;s ta'mS'fÊ' f.dia uqyoq g jefgk úg kj c,h foúhkaf.a yd wíÿ,a l,dïf.a bx.%Sis moHhla fkdlvjd .,d hhs' tfy;a .x Tjqkaf.a .=rejrekaf.a jk iqou pdß;%" rú ixl¾f.a bjqre fkdls<á s j ;sfí' w;ayod wdYs¾jdoh ksid ,o kdgffNrú ;rK" iq*S moH" ne,S ï ;= < iïNdjH rduqj yd nj mji;s' m%mkak;s yf¾" órd yf¾ jeks úkHdih fkdb÷,aj ;nd.; hq;h = 's ˜‍

id¾:l;ajfha ryia rdOd iy rdcd ;u id¾:l;ajh olskafka — foúhkaf.a yd .=rejrekaf.a wdYs¾jdoh" fma%laIlhkaf.a iyh" l=Ñmqäys ffki¾.sl iqkaor;ajh yd l,la ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ iïNdjH l,d wdlD;Skaf.a m%Odk NdIdj jQ f;<sÕ=‍ nfiys iajNdúl l¾K ridhk nfjys˜‍ m%;sM, f,ihs' i;H jYfhkau fma%laIlhkaf.a yo .eiau y÷kd.ekSfï úiauhckl jQ yelshdjla rdcd i;= fjhs' —‍fma%laIalhka yg l=ula bÈßm;a l< hq;=oehs oek.ekSu b;d jeo.;a' fõÈldfõ .;slhka y÷kd.; hq;=hs" tfukau k¾;kh ish¿ fokdu we| ne| ;nd.; hq;=hs'˜‍ rdcd mjihs' ˜‍wmf.a cd;Hka;r .ukaj,§" fõÈld wdf,dallrKh" wyd¾hh" wka whf.a /Õ=‍ï hkd§ jQ m%ix. hka i|yd jeo.;a jk foa iómj ksÍlaIKh l<d˜‍' Tjqkaf.a fuu bÈß .uk .ek úuik úg fofokdu tla jru fuka mejiqfha" —wms iEu úgu m%ya,do i¾udf.a Wmfoia u;l ;nd.;a;d" —iEu fohlskau" ;ukaf.a YsIHkaf.ka mjd bf.k .ekSug iQodkïj isákak˜‍' bkaÈhdfõ k¾;k wkd.;h ms<sn|j rdcd ;=< we;af;a iqnjd§ yeÕSuls' ˜‍w¿;a mkakhka yd m%jK;djhka u;=fjkjd' kuq;a" iïNdjH k¾;kh lsisu Èfkla h,a mkskafka keye' iïNdjH l,dj rka yd iudkhs" rkaj, w.h fyda ldka;sh lsisÈfkla wvq fjkafka keye - ld,h;a iu. tys w.h j¾Okh fjkjd'˜‍

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jÜfgdare

jir .Kkdjla mqrd b;d rij;a wd;au ix;Dma; m%Œ; wdydrhka i|yd mQcHia:dkhka wre;a imhk ,§' wo Èk tajd iQm Ydia;%hkaf.a kj iïm%odhka f,i i,lñka wm fï W;aidy orkafka f;areï .ekSug wiSre fNda.a ms<sn|j l:d lsßughs joka |

uOq,sld odia

c.kakd;amQ¾ys ÅÉä kï ir, wdydrh tlu øjH fhdod idok ksjfia ÅÉä j,g jvd ÈjHuh f,i m%Œ; jkafka flfiao@ ksjfia§ idod .ekSug wiSre me‚rila yd iquqÿ njla wïß;aid¾ys rka fofjdf,a lvm%idoays we;af;a flfiao@ ffjIaKq foaú fofjdf,a rÊupjd,a fNda.a tys we;s le,ß m%udKh ms<sn| kHdhka mrojd w;s m%Œ; jkafka flfiao@

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bkaÈhdfõ fofjd, ;=< ilik wdydr thg fhdok øjH fkd;ld iQmYdia;%fõofha kshuhkag ueksh fkdyels f,i bñysß rifhka hqla; jkafka flfiao@ tla u;hlg wkQj m%idoa ^wd.ñl mQcdjka& tfia m%Œ; jkafka ÈjHuh yia;fha n,fhks' mQß u.ska flfrk m%idoa ielfikafka fldalshka 900 fofkla ldur 32la ;=< ,sma 752 la yd úYd, ueá Ndck

kjhla fhdod .ksñks' m;aukNdiajdñ fldaúf,a fï ms<sn|j jk ;j;a bkhsjd,ays ñßia rih meyeÈ,s lsÍula jkqfha f.k tkafka ñßia fkdj ld,hla ;siafia wdydr .ïñßia h' lsß ,Sg¾ 800 ieliSfuka ,efnk la yd yl=re fhdod msisk w;aoelSu Tiafia tu rih .=rejdhQ¾ fldaúf,a md,a mdidhïj, ÿï ouk iajNdjh yd wkqrEmSnjg we;sfjk f.k tkafka fmd,a f,,s oud njhs' fuys hï i;H;djhla oe,ajQ ,sma u; ms;a;, W÷kaj, .eíj ;sfnk nj fmkShkafka wo msiSfuks' Y%Skd;aÔ fldaúf,a Èk foajia:dk ;=< bjqï msyqï lrk wdldrh i,ld ne,Sfuks' me‚ri f;da¾ys kef.k iqj| mQ ß ys m% i doa ilikq wdydrj, kshu rih .ekSu i|yd lmqre j,ska meñfKkakls' l¿ ,nkafka iQmfõÈka t<j¿ lemSug" fldgia lsÍug yd lv," ¨‍Kq leg yd .dk ,o 900 la ldur 32 la moï lsÍug ksmqKhkaf.ka tu fmd,a fhdod ilik .=rejdhQ¾ ;=< W÷ka 752 la u; uq¿;ekaf.h mßmQ¾K fjhs' fldaúf,a mqiqlal=j, weíneys úYd, Ndck kjhla fï ms<sn|j úoaj;=kaf.a ;j;a lrjk rih f.k tkafka tajd Ndú;d lrñks ms<s.kajk mqjla fld<j,sks' rij;a meyeÈ,s lsÍula jkafka iQmYdia;% ixrlaIl yd wdydrfha iqúfYaIS nj f.k iQmfõ§ úldia fi;a mjikafka ˜‍kuq;a wdydr tau i|yd fhdod.kakd Wml%uhs' rdcia:dkfha kd;aoajdrys Y%Skd;aÔ fldaúf,a msßkuk Ldäj, iqúfYaIS lrjk foa w;ßka fuh tla fldgila muKhs' tys wfkla jeo.;a foaj,a jkafka u| weUq,a rihg fya;=jkafka wem,a yd ìh¾ fhdod.kakd Ys,am l%uh" l=¿nvq j¾. yd Ndú;d jk w;r lv, fmaiaÜ fkdfõ' flar<fha

wïß;aid¾ys rka fofjd, ;=< ne;su;=ka m%cd wdydr .ksñka

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by< isg olaIsKdj¾;j( c.kak;amQß ys mQcHia:dk wdydr fyj;a fNda.a¦ mqjla f.ä yd fld<¦ bâ,s-idïNd¾ yd nQkaÈ ,âvq

lrk ksIamdokhs'˜‍ mQcHia:dk wdydrj, fyd¢kau okakd tfy;a wvqfjkau wjOdkh fhduq flfrk wfkla .=Kdx.h jkafka ukdf,i ia:dkShlrKh lsÍuhs' Ys¾Èys uq¿;ekaf.h i|yd iQ¾h fldaI Ndú;d lsÍu yd rka fofjdf,a wdydr i|yd msá wekSug hka;%hla Ndú;d lsÍu jeks jQ kQ;k mßj¾;khka olakg ;snqKo fNda.a yd iïnkaOj .;a úg tajd idïm%odhsl uQ,hkaf.ka hq;= fjhs' WodyrKhla f,i fnda, yeve;s ;srem;s,âvq me‚ri wdydr iE§ug iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jkakka fhdod. kq ,nhs' ;%sma,sldkfha m¾;idr;S fldaúf,a mq,sfhdaorhs fj; wiuiu iqj|e;s rihla f.k tau i|yd úh<s ñßia fjkqjg w;ska

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l=vq l< .ïñßia fhdod .kq ,efí' fmdä l< flfi,a ^l=vd úremamÉÑ j¾.fha&" lkaoidß iSks ^lkaf.hdï m%foaYfhka tk&" rg b¢" f¾iska" l,alKavq ^iSks fnda,&" i÷ka" lrouqx.= yd t<Õs f;,a ksis mßÈ f.k ilik mxpñ;%ï mQckSh jQ fidau yd iudk fjk nj úYajdi flf¾' ukaofõ.S wdydr WmfoaYl yd iQmfõ§ iìiÑ f.darhs fufia mjihs" —‍i;H jYfhkau" fldaú,a wdydrj, iqúfYaIS;ajh yd tajdfha wd;au ix;Dma; rih msgqmi we;s ;j;a fya;=jla jkafka iudc rduqj ;=< wm flakaøh f,i tys N+ñldjhs' fmr hq.hkays§ iudch" ixialD;sh yd wdydr mqreÿ ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa mQcHia:dk úiskqhs' fndfyda úg iajhxfmdaIs; jQ fuu mQcHia:dk wjYH t<j¿ yd l=¿ nvq ;uka

ju( .c fyda fpkak .c" me‚ri lEula¦ by<(lS¾" n;a mqäx j¾.hla

Ndú;d lsÍug msá fhdod.;a m<uq wdydr w;ßka th tlls'uÿrdhsys wia.d¾ fldaú,a ys fodai idïnd¾ fNda.a hkq wydr j¾. meiSu yd f;dafia iE§u ckm%sh lrjQ tla WodyrKhls' ukao fõ.S wdydr ieliSu ;=< mQcHia:dk wk.sNjkSh jk ;j;a lafIa;%hla kï Öia iE§fï l,djhs' fndfyda mQcHia:dk fpkakd fyj;a .j lsßj,ska ieliQ Öia msßkukq ,efí' frdfid.=,a,d yd ldxÑmqrï bâ,s jeks wdydr úiskau j.d lr.kq ,enqjd' rdclSh W;aijj, i|yd yqud,fhka ;eïîug wu;rj mQß ys .c" fuj,ï njg m;ajQ kõfhda;amdokhkaf.a õßkaojka ys cf,ì fyda rdcia:dk ffck flakaøhka jQfha tajdhs'˜‍ mkaif,a mQß jeks wdydr i|yd .%s,a WodyrKhla f,i NSïrdiH lsÍu yd ne§u hk Ys,am l%u fhdod mq c Hia : dk f.k n,kak' uydNdr;fha .kq ,efí' iQmfõoh ;=< NSï úiska y÷kajd ÿkakd hehs Wvqms bjqï msyqï l,dj ukao fõ.S ie,eflk fuh mQßys v,aud yd ixj¾Okh lrkq ,enQfha l%sIaKd wdydr msiSu yd m,ksmxpó¾;ï cEï jeks rihla fldaú,a jeäu .Kkla msysgd Öia iE§u m%Odk fj;g yerùug wekSfuka tk ;sfnk Wvqms kï mQcHia:dk N+ñldjla orhs WIaK;ajh Ndú;d flfrkakdjQ k.rh ;=<hs' mqrjD;a;hkaf.a tk Ys,am l%uhls' uksmQ¾ ys wdldrhg l%sIaKd yg iEuodu fuhsáfhia f.daúkaoa foaõð fldaúf,a l¿ lS¾ fukau ks;ru fjkia fNda.a wjYH jQ ksid ms<sn|jo i|yka lrkq jà'uyrdcd kdrd isxf.a mQclhd kj wdydr fidhd f.dia" ,nd.; yels ld,fha§ jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,o fuh m%Œ; øjHhka fhdod f.k tajd m%;s ks¾udKh lr ßfidafgdajla yd iudk fjhs'fuu Ys,amh ;sfnkjd"˜‍ iQmfõÈ fi;a mjihs'

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miqj fyd¢ka j;=r fmrd c,h iaj,amhla fhdodf.k wUrd negrhla idod .kak' fuu negrh Ndckhlg oud thg ÆQKq" ÿre weg" wuq ñßia" bÕ=‍re yd ¨‍Kq tla lrkak' fyd¢ka ñY% lrkak' negrh wf;a we,Sfuka je,elaùug w; f;;a lrf.k fvdakÜia wdldrfha rjqï jfâ- idokak' ;dÉÑhlg f;,a j;a lr fyd¢ka r;a lrkak' jfâ fldgiska fldgi f;,g oud ueo ;eïî rkajka meye jk ;=re neo.kak' f;,a fífrkakg yßkak' fmd,a pÜks yd idïnd¾ iu. ms<s.kajkak'

fhda.Ü oeuQ uia len,s ieliSug .;jk ld,h( ñks;a;= 10 moï lsÍug .;jk ld,h( meh 1 msiSug .;jk ld,h( ñks;a;= 40 4 fofkl=g m%udKj;a fõ wjYH øjH t¿uia len,s 8" fhda.Ü fïi ye¢ 4" iqÿ ÆQKq fmaiaÜ f;a ye¢ 1" f;,a fïi ye¢ 2" idudkH m%udKfha ÆQKQq f.ä 1 ^.d.;a&" fmdä lr.;a ;lald,s fïi ye¢ 2" bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ f;a ye¢ 1" c,h fïi ye¢ 2 " ri wkQj ¨‍Kq" .rï uid,d l=vq f;a ye¢ 1" r;= ñßia l=vq f;a ye¢ 1$2" ly l==vq f;a ye¢ 1$2" fld;a;u,a,s l=vq f;a ye¢ 1" ieriSug i,do fld<" fld;a;u,a,s fld< yd ;lald,s ;Sre

idok l%uh fhda.Ü yd iqÿ ÆKq fmaiaÜ Ndckhlg oukak' uia len,s tla lr fyd¢ka ta yd uqyqùug Ndckh fid,jkak' moï ùug mehla muK YS;rlKfha ;nkak' ;dÉÑhl f;,a r;a lr thg ÆKq tla lrkak' th ÿUqre meye ùug mgka .kakd f;la u|la neo.kak' ;lald,s" bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ yd j;=r tla lrkak' ¨‍Kq" .rï uid,d" ñßia" ly yd fld;a;u,a,s l==vq tla lr f;,a u;= msgg tk f;la neo.kak' uia len,s tla lr ñks;a;= 20 la muK fyda uia len,s uDÿù fyd¢ka ÿUqre meyejk f;la u|.skafka msi .kak' Ndckhl i,do fld< w;=rd ta u;g uia len,s oud ;lald,s ;Sre yd fld;a;u,a,s fld< fhdod irid .kak' WKqfjka ms<s.kajkak'

wkq.%yh( b;d m%Œ; rihka( wdydr " Wiia ;;ajfha f;a" u;ameka ñY% m<;=re mdk" bjqï msyqï wdY%s; fmd;a fm< f.k tkqfha kjÈ,a,sfha úfoaY lghq;= ^wud;HxYfha& jks;d ix.uhhs'

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

n

87

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixjdoh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

n

88

n

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

uf.a ku

Ldk

;u Ys,amh ;=< kjuq hula .fõIKh l< hq;= neúka ;sr msgm;la f;dard .ekSug .kakd nj fnd,sjqâ k¿ b¾*dka Ldka mjihs joka |

chs§ma mdKafâ

Ñ;%mg l¾udka;h ;=< jD;a;slhka ;u wdo¾Yu;a úúO;ajfhka hq;a rÕmEï fj; wdila;j ksYaÑ; m%;srEm Tma kxjd .ekSfï ,d ld¾h nyq, jqjo" m%;srEmhlg ne£ fkdisák Tyqg ;ukaj fmd,Ujkq b¾*dka Ldka hkq iSñ; pß;hka ;=< fkdr|k ,nk pß;hla f;dard .ekSu oeßh yelsh' ksoyia udkhla ;=< ießirkafkls' ;u m%;sNdj ;u ys;g oefkk pß;hg tf,iu mK fmúh yd wka whf.ka iqúfYaIS jk .=Kdx.hka ;=<ska yqÿ fkdyels jQ úg Tyq wfmalaId Nx.;ajhg m;afõ' olaI rx.kfhkao Tíng f.dia isák Ldka" Tyqf.a wOHlaIjrhdg yd wka whg th id¾:l jQ njg iuld,Skhkaf.ka iuyre tla tla Idkrhkag yeÕSug bv we;" tfy;a ;ud tu pß;hg fl;rï iSud fjoa§ ;u Ys,amfha úúO biõ Tiafia ießird m%udKhla <Õd jQjdo hkak ksYaÑ;j mejish w;ayod ne,Sï isÿ lrkq ,nhs' yelafla k¿jdgu mu‚' Tyq úYajdi Ldka, 1988 i,dï fndïfí lrk wdldrhg fyd| rx.khla i,dï fndïfí Ñ;%máfha isg 2016 jif¾ uodß olajd WmÈkafka pß;h yd k¿jd w;r jk Ñ;%máfha isg uodß pß; .Kkdjlg mK fmdjd we;s mr;rh Y+kH jQ úg§h' Ñ;%máh olajd pß; w;r ta iEu pß;hlau tlsfklska o ,hs*a T*a mS yd o wfïisx .Kkdjlg Ldka fjkiah( mdka isx fgdau¾ ys iamhsv¾ uEka 2 kï m%isoaO yd ckm%sh úiska mK fmdjd uxfld,a,lrejdf.a isg ,kaÉfndlaia fyd,sjqâ Ñ;%mg fol ;=< Tyq oelajQ we;s w;r" tajd Ñ;%máfha yqol,d jekaoUq mqreIhd §ma;su;a rx.k fl!I,Hfhka miqj" tlsfklg fjkia pß; úh' olajd udkj yeÕSï ksrEmKfha ,d Ldka fyd,sjqâ ;=< fyd¢kau okakd Ldkaf.a ksmqK;djh tys ;Sj%;djh bka§h uqyqKq w;rg tla jQ nj fukau úúO;ajh w;ska o wiu iu wújdod;aulh' tys jdish ,nd.kakd fõ' ;u Ys,amh ;=< kjuq hula .fõIKfha ,d Tyq ;u rg ;=< iskud l¾udka;h fj; ;SlaIK lemjQ Ldka pß;h yd ;sr msgm; f;dard .ekSug jQ fukau" úfgl ier mreI jQ ksÍlaIKhkao l,a .kS' Tyqf.a ;drld ;;a;ajh wka hula i|yd fy,kq ,nhs' fm,UjQj;a" Tyq fj; iuyr úfgl fyd| ;sr l:d lSfï,d jvd;au kjuq yd id¾:l ia:dkh msgm;a fkd,efí' túg Tyq yqfola n,d isà' ;u iskud l¾udka;h fkdùu ms<sn|j ÿla fjk Tyq"

cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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89

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ixjdoh

by< jfï isg( b¾*dka Ldka o ,kaÉ fndlaia Ñ;%máfha ksYap, Pdhdrejl" o fjdßh¾ yd foaõ mfg,a" *aÍvd mskafgda k¿ ks<shka iu. yd wOHlaI vekS fndhs,a iu. f,dia wekac,Sia ys 81 jeks welvñ iïudk Wf<f,a§

l,dlrejdf.a Ndjhka isr.; fldg ;sîu oeßh fjkqjg fuu kj fma%laIlhd l¿ yd iqÿ uqiq jQ fkdyels fÄockl lreKla nj mjihs' pß; fm!reIhka y÷kd .ksñka isà' Ldkag yefÕk mßÈ fyd,sjqvh iskud lD;s fma%laIlhd yd iïnkaO jk" Tjqka oekqj;a lrk ks¾udKh lrkafka f,dal fma%laIlhd ukfia yd m%{dj ,ndfok pß;dNsuqL jQ l:d f;audjka ;ndf.khs' ngysr iskudj ;=< pß; jvd fyd¢ka yd l:dkaorhka u; mokïj wm wmf.a l:djka f.dvk.k w;r Tjqkaf.a yeisÍï jvd úia;rd;aul mjik wdldrh ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,la oelaúh hq;= nj yd úYajikSho fjhs' fnd,sjqvh isÿ lrkafka Tyq is;hs' Tyqg wkQj Ñ;%mgh f.dvke.Su u; r|d ud;Dldjla f.k th idOdrŒlrKh fkdmj;sñka l,d;aul yd kdgHuh lsÍug W;aiy orkq fjkqjg" m%Odk .=Kdx.hka wdrlaId lr.ksñka jvd wm oeka l:d k¿jd u;=lsÍfï ,d h;ak oeÍuhs' úYajikSh l;d f;audjlska hqla; úh lshk wdldrh wod, jia;= úIh hq;=h' wjidkfha§ iskudj úiska ms<sn|j kej; i|yd ,efnkafka u| l< hq;= jkafka Ôú;h yd j;auka is;d ne,sh Like wjOdkhls" th .eUqßka iudch tys mj;sk ;;a;ajh yd hq;=h" pß;dNsuqL MEA INDIA .fõIKh lrkafka jgmsgdjka ;=<ska m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu f;audjka Ndú;d b;d l,d;=rlsks' flfia nj Ldka úYajdi lrhs' ;j;a jeo.;a l< hq;=h fj;;a kS¾cd" cd Woa;d lreKla jkafka Tyq rÕmEu yd Follow mka c dí hkd§ is k ud Ndjkdj w;r iudklula oelSuhs' @MEAINDIA lD;s Tyqg fjkila isÿfjk njg cd;sl rx. mdi, ;=< ämaf,daud yodrk ld,h ;=<" n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla we;s lf<ah' f,dal fojk mqoa.,fhl=f.a oDIaÀfhka ;udj ksÍlaIKh iskud lD;s riú¢kakd jQ fma%laIlhka lr.kakd f,i Tyqg W.kajd ;sì‚' tjlg b;d Channel fmr fkdjQ f,i j¾Okh fjk nj wiSre ld¾hhla jQ th Ldka ieneúkau m%dfhda.slj MEA INDIA Tyq olS' iSud jQ l¿ yd iqÿ pß; W.;af;a bka jir .Kkdjlg miqh'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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cQ,s - wf.daia;= 2016

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