India perspectives Sinhalese november-december 2016 by Indian Diplomacy

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 6 n fkdjeïn¾- foieïn¾= 2016

f.da f õ BRICS iuq¿j kj f,dal rgdjla yev .kajñka

wdishdka-bkaÈhdj( oYl 2 lg jeä ld,hl wre;anr in|;d

Pdhd rE lcqrdfyda foajia:dk

ixpdrh l=É ys uyd rdka

ixjdoh wfÊ foaõ.ka

fmdÜmqß bka È hdfõ meje;a ù ug ks h ñ; W;a i j .x.d ufyda;aiõ mQckSh .x.d kï .x bjqfrys Èk myla mqrd meje;afjk fuu W;aijh iïNdjH" ix.S;h yd k¾;kh" l,d yd Ys,am" ixialD;sl wx. yd wdydr mdk j,ska iukaú;h' irex.,a weÍu" fria,sx yd uer;ka ;r.o fuu W;aijfha§ meje;afõ'

ljodo( fkdjeïn¾ 11-15 fld;eko( jdrKdis" W;a;¾ m%foaY

m%iú Ndr;Sh §jd

cd;sl ùÈ wdydr W;aijh

fuu W;aijhg NRI yd PIO ^bka§h iïNjh we;s mqoa.,hka& f.a ksfhdð;hka 3000 la muK iy f,dj mqrd isák YsIHhka 400 la muK iyNd.S fõ’ rfÜ m%.;sh i|yd odhl jQ úYsIag NRI ;sia fofkl=g fuys§ iïudk msßkefï'

bkaÈhdfõ ish¿u m%foaYj, isák wdydr reÑ lrkakka yg m%Œ; ùÈ wdydr ri ú¢h yels iqúfYaIS wdydr yd wdydr l,d W;aijhls¡ iqúfYaIS jQ bjqï msyqï l,dfjka wd;auh yd wdOHd;auh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug th fmdfrdkaÿ fjhs'

ljodo( 2017 ckjdß 7-9 fld;eko( fnx.d¨‍re, l¾Kdglh

ljodo( foieïn¾ 23-25 fld;eko( kj È,a,sh

bka§h cd;Hka;r Ñ;%mg W;aijh f;dr;=re yd úldYk wud;HdxYh yd f.daj rch úiska iduQyslj ixúOdkh lrk fuu W;aijh bkaÈhdfõ yd úfoaYhkaf.a Ñ;%mg l¾udka;h yd ixialD;sh mq¿,a lsÍfï yd m%j¾Okh lsÍfï W;aidyhls'

ljodo( fkdjeïn¾ 20-28 fld;eko( f.daj

mqIal¾ Tgq fmd<

fldakd¾la W;aijh

fuh jQ l,S mqIal¾ys 30"000 lg wêl Tgqjka tla /ia flfrk úfYaI jQ W;aijhls' úúO W;aij i|yd iyNd.s ùug Tgqjka w,xldrj;aj irikq ,efí' fuu Tgq fmd, w;r f;Èkla mqrd meje;afjk cd;Hka;r WKqiqï ne¨‍ï W;aijho meje;afõ'

fuys§ Nr; kdgHhï" l;la iy Éydjq jeks iïNdjH k¾;khka fukau úydr jHqhka yd fjk;a l,d yd ixialD;sl wx.j,ska iukaú; m%o¾Ykhkao meje;afõ' cd;Hka;r je,s l,d W;aijhlao fuys§ meje;afjkq we;'

ljodo( fkdjeïn¾ 8-14 fld;eko( mqIal¾" rdcia:dkh

ljodo( foieïn¾ 1-5 fld;eko( fldakd¾la" T§Ih

fmrjok bkaÈhdfõ f.dafõ§ 8 jk BRICS iuq¿j meje;ajqKq w;r w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ iduldó" ;=,s; yd ia:djr f,dal rgdjla ms<sn| wfmalaIdjka o,ajñka BRICS kdhlka yg mejiqfõ tu rgdj ;=< ñksiqka w;r jk in|;d jeä lrñka rgj,a mfya ;reK kdhl;ajhg uq,a ;ek Èh hq;= njhs' fuu ksl=;=fõ§ wms BRICS iuq¿j ;=< fukau BIMSTEC iuq¿ ;=< .kq ,enQ ;SrKhka iudf,dapkh lr we;af;uq' wdishdka yd kef.kysr wdishd iuq¿ i|yd ,d´ihg .sh w.ue;sjrhd ;u zwelaÜ BiaÜz m%;sm;a;sfha fldgila f,i w.aksÈ. wdishdj iu. jk in|;d ;r lr.ekSug kjÈ,a,sfha jqjukdj úoHdudk lf<ah' jir .Kkdjla mqrd bkaÈhdj wdishdka ixúOdkfha rgj,a iu. ióm iïnkaO;djhla olajñka isà' fjf<|du yd wdfhdackh" iïnkaO;djh" n,Yla;sh" ixialD;sh" ck;dj w;r in|;d yd iuqøSh wdrlaIdj hkd§ jQ wd¾Ól yd Wml%ñl lafIa;%hka mrdihla ;=< iyfhda.S;djh jeä ÈhqKq lr.ksñka fuu iïnkaO;djh mq¿,a ù we;' ixjdouh yjq,aldÍ;ajfha jir 25l" iuq¿ uÜgfï iïnkaO;djfha jir 15 la yd Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajfha jir myla ieufrk 25 jk wdishdka-bka§h in|;djh ieufrk ó<Õ jir ft;sydisl uxikaêhla jkq we;' fuu ieuÍu" 2017 jif¾§ meje;afjk wdishdka-bka§h úfoaY weu;s yuqj;a iu.u wdrïN fjkq we;' ˜‍fnod yod.;a jákdlï" fmdÿ brKu˜‍ hk f;audj hgf;a jk iaurK iuq¿jla yd fjk;a wjia:djka .Kkdjlao ie,iqï lr we;' jir 25 la miqlrk bka§h-wdishdka iïnkaO;djh ms<sn| úia;rd;aul újrKhla wms isÿ lrkafkuq' m%.;sh hgf;a w.ue;s fudaÈf.a iagdÜ wma bkaÈhd jHdmD;sh ms<sn|j l:d lrkq we;' tu.ska wd¾Ólfha mr;rhka msrùug;a kj jHdmdrhka j¾Okh yd ixj¾Okh lsÍug;a b,lal flf¾' tfukau Ôjfkdamdhla iß lr.ekSu Wfoid rfÜ ;reK m%cdj mqyqKq lsÍfï ials,a bkaähd jevigyk ms<sn|wo wms idlÉPd lrkafkuq' fï fudfydf;a w;HjYHj we;s c, ixrlaIKh i|yd jEiaiqï jdßud¾. l%uh Ndú;d lsÍfï ixl,amh ms<sn|jo wms igyka ;nuq' bka§h l,djka yd Wreuh fldgi hgf;a f.dkaâ f.da;%sl l,djo frjdß Wreu uOHia:dkfha ixrlaIs; ÿï ßh ms<sn|jo f,dal Wreu N+ñka ms<sn|jo idlaÉPd flf¾' iqmsß .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh ksid m%isoaOj we;s lcqydfrda mqoìï" l=É ys uyd rdka ys Oj, ldka;drh yd fidnd fi!kao¾hfhka Tnj u;a lrk kd.,ka;h fj;o wms Tnj /f.k hkafkuq' bkaÈhdfõ fjr<nv wdydr mdk yd fnd,sjqâ k¿ wfÊ foaõ.kaf.a .auk ms<sn|jo ,sms fuys we;=<;a fõ' wjika jYfhka uqïndhs ys mej;s 56 fjks ABCI iïudk Wf<f,a§ iïudk 4 la Èkd.ekSug wmg bv ie,iQ bkaÈhdkq o¾Yk iÕrdfõ mdGlhkag ia;+;sjka; jkafkuq' 30 jk

bkaÈh fj¿u

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=;=j 6

n fk djeïn¾ - foie ïn¾= 2016

f.daf BRIC kj f, dal

úldia iajrema

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ixjd oh wfÊ foaõ.k

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl; = j = 6 n fkdjeïn¾- foieïn¾= 2016

ixialdrl( úldia iajrema iydh ixialdrl( ksÅf,aIa älais;a úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka kj È,a,sh, 110001 bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( 91'11'23388949, 23381719 *elaia( 91'11'23384663 fjí wvúh( http://www.indiandiplomacy.in Tnf.a m%;spdr( osdpd2@mea.gov.in uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß l<ukdldr ixialdrl ( chSgd nkaèfhdamdOHdh m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u 246 jkf.dvke.s,a,, 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,sh110020" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

bkaÈhd o¾Yk wrdì" nydid bkaÿkSishd" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾uka" yskaÈ" b;d,shdkq" meIafgda" m¾ishka" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy," iamd[a[" fou< iy Ök NdIdj,ska m%ldYkh flf¾' bkaÈhd o¾Yk úldia iajrema, w;sf¾l f,alï ^tlaim a &S iy ks, m%ldYl, úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh (MEA), ldur wxl 152 “ta” l=¿K, Ydia;S% Njka, kj È,a,h s -110001 f.a m%ldYkhla jk w;r úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fjkqfjka m%ldYkh lrkq ,nkafka uelaif a mdaIj q ¾ óähd .Dma bkaähd m%hf s jÜ ,sñgâ, (MMGIPL) 246 jkf.dvke.s,, a , 3 jkuy,, ´la,d - 3 wÈhr, kjÈ,a,h s 110020, bkaÈhdj - úisk¡s bkaÈhd o¾Yk jirlg 6 jrla m%ldYhg m;a fõ¡ ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs¡ fuys m<jk ,sm”s ie,iqï yd $ fyda PdhdrEm bkaÈhd o¾Yk ys wkque;sh we;sj Ndú;d l< fyda kej; ks¾udKh l< yelsh¡ MEA yd MMGIPL, úfYaI b,a,u S la fkdue;sj imhk ,o ksIm a dok, w;a msgm;a, PdhdrEm, ie,iqï úksúoNdjh yd fjk;a oE j,g isÿjk ydks fyda mdvq ms<n s |j j.lshkq fkd,efí¡ iÕrdj ;=, we;s woyia w;HjYHfhkau MEA fyda MMGIPL ys woyia fkdjk nj i,lkak¡

tkak wm yd( http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA —bkaÈhd o¾Yk˜ msgm;a i|yd wdikak;u bka§h ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h wu;kak¡

we;=<;

yjq,aldÍ;ajh BRICS nkaOkh( kj f,dal rgdjl f.dv k.ñka........................................................06

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

l,dj fvlEkfha Ôjkd,sh.............................................. 48

Wreuh i;H úrefjda........................................................ 52

wdishdka-bkaÈhd iïnkaO;djh 25 jk úhg( Y=Njd§ l:dkaorh...........................................12

yjq,aldÍ;ajh bkaÈhdfõ welaÜ BiaÜ m%;sm;a;shg ;,a¨‍jlaa...............18

m%.;sh

Wreuh bka§h Wreuh ieuÍu............................................ 56

ixpdrh Oj, l;r............................................................ 62

ixpdrh

iagdÜ wma bkaähd, ksjerÈ l, .;a ksjerÈ ;SrKh...................................................... 24

kd.,ka;fha f.da;%slhka yuqùu .............................68

ieuÍu

m%.;sh jEiaiqï jdßud¾.lrKh ;=<ska c, ixrlaIKh.......... 28

keõ .uka, flala yd ñ;%;ajhka................................74

bjqï msyqï

m%.;sh

.scq nfõ fjr< .................................................... 78

llaI oajhhla fj; .uka lsÍfuka ISRO ;j;a uxi,l=Kla igyka lrhs ............................. 32

bjqï msyqï W;aij ri wyr..................................................... 84

m%.;sh mqyqKq ñksia n,fha uOHia:dkh fjk bkaÈhdj....................................................... 36

ch.%yKh

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úYsIag .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh ms<sn| l:djla...............40

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYhg ;re y;la.....................86

kj udkhka fj; hdu .......................................... 88

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

BRICS nkaOkh( kj f,dal rgdjl

f.dv k.ñka

8 jk BRICS iuq¿fõ m%;sM, w;r f.da,Sh wd¾Ól j¾Okh kjuq lsÍu" wka;¾ BRICS wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;ajh" f,dal md,k rgdj fjkia lsÍu yd tl iudk jQ wNsfhda.hka yd igka lsÍfï§ ióm iïnkaO;djhla f.dv k.d .ekSu m%Odk úh’ joka | ukSIa pdkaoa

ufkdayr jQ f.dafõ iqfLdamfNda.S ksfla;khl ke.S tk n,j;=kaf.a kdhlhka ;u 8 jk iuq¿j wdrïN l< w;r f,dj foaYmd,k rgdj kej; ieliSfï ie,iqï ilia lsÍu isÿ úh' BRICS rgj,a mfya je,s" Tjqfkdjqkaf.a rfÜ m%Odk jQ iaudrlhka ;ekSfï ,d Ndú;d flß‚ - gÊ uy," Ök uyd m%ldrh" Ydka;

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

neis,a foajia:dkh ^reishdj&" l%sia;=ia kï .e,jqïlrejd ^n%iS,h& yd fk,aika uekafv,d ms<suh ^ol=Kq wm%sldj& tu iaudrlhka úh' fuu je,s uQ¾;s úiska f.da,Sh wd¾Ól j¾Okh kjuq lsÍu" wka;¾ BRICS wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;ajh" f,dal md,k rgdj fjkia lsÍu yd ;%ia;jdoh yd ihsn¾ wdrlaIdj jeks tl iudk jQ wNsfhda.

hka yd igka lsÍfï§ ióm iïnkaO;djhla idlÉPdj, m%Odk;u ud;Dldj jQfha f.dv k.d .ekSu hkd§ jQ m%;sM, u.ska ;sridr wdh;k f.dvke.Suhs' 2012 kjÈ,a,s fy<sorjq jQ BRICS tluq;=lu ukdj iuq¿fõ§ u;= flreKq kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j úoHdudk flß‚' yd wdm;sl;d ixÑ; .súiqu ^CRA) id¾:l f.daj iuq¿j wjika jQfha BRICS tl;=j lr.ekSug ke.S tk n,hka i|yd j;alï fj; kj nkaOkhla we;s lrk kj woyia m%udKk ksfhdað;dh;khla ieliSug rgj,a iuQyhla tla lrñks' f.daj iuq¿j my úiska idlÉPd flreKq w;r ieneúkau woyia idohla jQ BRICS- flakaø.; wdh;k ìys w;r bkaÈhdj úiska iyh oelajQ lsÍug tlÕ;djh m, flß‚' f.daj iuq¿j uQ,drïNhka .Kkdjlg wod, —‍BRICS lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK bkaÈhdj úiska miqìu ie,iS 109-f.daj m%ldYkh fõÈldj" BRICS ÿïßh m¾fhaIK iyh ,ndÿka uQ , drïNhka yd f.daj l%shdldÍ ie,iqu ìys cd,h" BRICS l%Svd ljqkais,h yd fndfyduhla flß‚' bka§h úfoaY lghq;= úúO ;reK flakaøsl ixúOdk wkqu; l< wud;HdxY f,alï ^nyqmd¾Yaúl ia:dmkh lsÍug wm tluq;=j w;r woyia wd¾Ól in|;d& yd BRICS iuq¿jg lghq;= lrkjd"˜‍ w.ue;s kf¾kaø idohla úh wod, m%Odk iïnkaO;d ks,Odßhd fudaÈ mejiSh' jQ wu¾ isxyd iuq¿fõ idlÉPdjka fuh w.ue;s fudaÈg úfYaI fufia idrdxY fldg oelajQfõh( '‍ish¿ fokdu fudfyd;la jQfõ tu fhdackdjka W!*dys mej;s fmdÿ oelaula oerE w;r fuu fmdÿ oelau 7 jk BRICS iuq¿fõ§ ;u zodia lvï| kï h:d¾:hla lsÍu i|yd taldnoaO iy ks¾udKYS,S oi jeoEreï ie,iqu u.ska Tyq úiska bÈßm;a l%shdud¾.hka .ekSug wjYH jqKd'˜‍ l< tajd ùu ksidh' fuu fhdackdjka f.daj iuq¿j ;=<§ wfkla BRICS rgj,a u.ska iïu; flfrkq ,eì‚' wka;¾ BRICS iyfhda.S;djh wdh;k f.dvke.Su Tlaf;dan¾ 15-16 ld,h ;=< rgj,a kdhlhkaf.a mq¿,a lsÍfï wruqKq mq¿,a lsÍfï ie,iau u;

wNsuqL msgqj( w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ BRICS kdhlhka iu.’ my<( f.dajg meñ‚ w.ue;s fudaÈ WKqiqï f,i ms<s.kq ,nñka

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

fuu rgj,a my úiska BRICS lDIsld¾ñl ;=< ;%ia;jdoh" úfYaIfhka foaY iSud Tiafia hk ;%ia;jdoh bÈßhg f.k m¾fhaIK fõÈldj" rdcH ;dka;%sl tkq ,enQfõ —‍l,dmfha ;%ia;jdoh f.k welvñ w;r wkafhdakH iyfhda.S;djh hk uõ fk!ldj˜‍ ms<sn|j tkï jvd iy BRICS ys f¾.= iyfhda.s;d lñgqfõ iqmeyeÈ,sj mlsia:dkh ms<sn|j i|yka fr.=,dis iïnkaO iïuq;Ska ;=klg lrñks' f.daj m%ldYkh ;=< mlsia:dkh w;aika ;nkq ,enqfõh' f.daj l%shdldÍ ms<sn|j ksYaÑ;ju i|yka ie,iqu yd f.daj m%ldYkh fkdlr jfl%dala;sfhka ;=< jk fhdackdjka yd w.ue;s fudaÈ fufkys lr ;snqfKa 'rdcHhka fuu iïuq;Ska lKavdhfï BRICS kHdh ;u foaYfhka fj;ska f.da,Sh me;slv by< kexjQ m;%h ;=< foaY ;%ia;jdoh ;=rka l< hq;=h"˜‍ w;r m%ldYkhkaf.a isg iSud mrhd hk hk m%ldYkh oeä f,i iaÒr l%shdud¾.hka olajd jk ;%ia;jdoh wjOdrKh lrñks' udj;lao f.dv ke.=fõh' bÈßhg f.k f.daj m%ldYkh ;=< wdfõh ;%ia;jdoh u; flakaø.; ;%ia;jdoh yd jQ ih jeoEreï fþohka iïnkaO tluq;=j wvx.= fõ' t;=<ska .uH flfrkafka bkaÈhdj ;=< isÿjk ;%ia; m%ydr yd BRICS kHdh m;%h ;=< ;%ia; úfrdaë f,dj mqrd jk wka;jd§ ;%ia;jd§ cd,hka iyfhda.S;djh m%Odk ;ekla .kq we;s yuqfõ 8 jk BRICS iuq¿j fuf;la njhs' 'bkaÈhdjo we;=¿j BRICS rgj,a ;%ia;jdoh iïnkaOj flreKq m%n,;u fj; uE;l§ t,a, flreKq m%ydrhka wms yd úia;rd;aulu m%ldYkh isÿ lrk ;Èkau fy<d olskafkuq' wms meyeÈ,s yd ,§' w.ue;s fudaÈ" BRICS kHdh m;%h

w.ue;s fudaÈ BRICS iuq¿ mßY%h ;=< BRICS kdhlhkaf.a iSñ; yuqjg BRICS kdhlhka ms<s.ksñka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

BRICS-BIMSTEC iïnkaO;djh( kj o¾Yk m:hka f.daj iuq¿fõ§ BRICS kdhlhka" ol=Kq wdishdfõ yd w.aksÈ. wdishdfõ rgj,a y;l lKavdhula jk BIMSTEC iu. in|;d meje;aùugo ux újr úh' lafIa;% .Kkdjla Tiafia fuu iyfhda.S;djhka fol w;r jd‚cH yd iïnkaO;djo we;=¿ úúO in|;djhka f.dv ke.=‚' fu;=<ska BIMSTEC rgj, y; yd BRICS rgj,a my w;r iduh yd iuDoaêh iïnkaO wka;¾iïnkaO;djhka f.dv ke.=ks' bkaÈhdj" nx.a,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" fkamd,h" Y%S ,xldj" ñhekaudrh yd ;dhs,ka;h hk rgj,ska iukaú; jQ BIMSTEC iu. meje;ajQ yuqfõ§ m%dfoaYSh yd f.da,Sh wNsfhda. hka fukau ;%ia;jdoh ms<sn|jo

idlÉPd flß‚' —‍;%ia;jdoh iu. igka lsÍfï jeo.;alu ish¿u kdhlhka úiska kej; kej;;a wjOdrKh lrkq ,enqjd˜‍ hkqfjka bka§h úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha f,alï ^kef.k.sr& m%S;s irka mjihs' BIMSTEC rgj, kdhlhka fjkuu yuqjla meje;ajQ w;r tys§ iïnkaO;d jHdmD;s iy BIMSTEC ksoyia fjf<| m%foaYh ms<snoj flfrk idlÉPd u; úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq flß‚' hQß ys ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrfhka miq fuu lKavdhu Yla;su;aj bkaÈhdj miqmi fm<.efikq olakg ,eì‚' tys tla y~laj ke.=fKa —‍l,dmfha uE;ld,Skj isÿ jQ ïf,aÉP ;%ia; m%ydr we;=¿ ish,a,g tfrysj˜‍ hkakh'

w.ue;s fudaÈ f.dafõ§ BIMSTEC kdhlhka iu. iuQy PdhdrEmhlg fmkS isáñka

oeä f,i ;%ia;jdoh yd u;jd§uh" wd.ñl" foaYmd,k" cd;s" ckj¾. yd fjk;a lreKq u; mokï jQ tys ish¿ wdldrhka fy<d olsuq'˜‍ hkqfjka f.daj m%ldYkfha i|yka fõ' ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj f.da,Sh jYfhka ffk;sl md,khla we;s lsÍfï bka§h W;aidyh iïnkaOj˜‍ m%udohlska f;drj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=< cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh ms<sn| úia;S¾K iïuq;sh ^CCIT)

msysgqùu fõ.j;a lsÍug˜‍ BRICS rgj,a tlÕ;djh m, lrk ,§'

j¾Okh mK .ekaùu

wka;¾ BRICS fjf<|du yd wdfhdackh jeä lrñka f.da,Sh wd¾Ól j¾Okh W;af;ackh lsÍu i|yd taldnoaO W;aiyhla ms<sn|j idlÉPd flß‚' laIqø, l=vd yd uOHu mßudK jHdmdrhka m%j¾Okh lsÍu fj;

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u;= flß‚' tys§ fuu ke.S tk n,hka BRICS rgj,a wjOdkh fhduq l< w;r kjHlrKh" äðg,a wd¾Ólh" ixpdrl ;SrKh lrkq ,enQfõ 'fjf<|fmd, mokï m%;sm;a;s u; f.da,sh md,k rgdj jHdmdrh yd iqj;djh hk lafIa;% ;=< iyfhda.S;djh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug ;SrKh Yla;su;a lsÍu ms‚i iajdëk BRICS m%udKk ksfhdað;dh;khla ia:dms; lsÍfï flß‚' BRICS rgj, idïm%odhsl ffjoH yelshdj˜‍ .fõIKh lsÍughs' —‍Yla;su;a" l%u iïnkaOj yuqjla meje;aùu w.ue;s fldagd mokï jQ yd m%udKj;a f,i iïm;a fudaÈ úiska ksfõokh l< w;r tu.ska imhk ,o IMF˜‍ ìys lsÍu yd BRICS rgj, Yla;sh jeä —‍IMF ys úOdhl uKav,fha lr m%;sldr i|yd jeh lrk f.daj m%ldYkh wiqka folla fjka lr ;u uqo, wvq lr.; yels jkq we;' ;= < ;% i a ; jdoh fjf<|dfï§ foaYSh úksuh wruqKq iemsÍu fjkqfjka u; flakaø.; Wiia hqfrdamd wd¾Ólhkaf. Ndú;d lsÍug iuq¿fõ§ Èß jQ ih jeoEreï ka˜‍ b,a,sula lsÍugo mokï ,enqKq w;r RMB ne÷ïlr fþohka ielis‚' NSG idudðl;ajh ;=<ska RMB ys m<uq m%d. wvx.= fjhs i|yd bkaÈhdfõ wfmalaIdj aOkh NDB úiska jeä lr.;a ;=< f.daj m%ldYkh ;=<ska wdldrho i|yka flß‚' meßia ld,.=K fjkialï .súiqfï tu.ska .kqfokq úhou ishhg 6 isg 2 ne£ï l%shd;aul lsßu i|ydo kHIaál olajd wvq flfrkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' n,Yla;sh fj; msúiSugo udj;a újr úh' f.da,Sh md,kh kej; ieliSu —‍fï iïnkaOj .;a l, BRICS rgj, ;srir ixj¾Okhg odhl;ajh ,ndfok BRICS lKavdhu ìys l< od isg tys isú,a kHIaál n,Yla;sh mq¿,a lsÍu uQ,slu wNsm%dhla jQ f.da,Sh md,k rgdj i|yd ;dlaIKh yd uQ,H fj; msúiSfï fjkia lsÍu f.daj iuq¿j ;=<§o kej;

w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ BIMSTEC kdhlhka iu.

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BRICS iuq¿jg iu.dój mej;s oaúmd¾Yaúl idlÉPdfõ kshef,k w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ yd N+;dka w.ue;s ÜfYßx fgdíf.a uy;d

BRICS ;=< bka§h iNdm;S;ajfha idrh u;= lr oelajQfõh' —‍BRICS Ñ;%mg Wf<f,a isg 17 ka my< mdmkaÿ ;r.dj,sh olajd;a" bÈß u. ñ;%;aj k.r m¾Ioh yd kd.ÍlrK ixiofha BRICS f.daj iuq¿fõ§ bkaÈhdj iNdm;s;ajh isg w;alï Ys,amSka yqjudre jevigyk yd oerE w;r f.da,Sh wNsfhda. äðg,a m¾Io olajd;a" ;reK hka ch.ekSfï,d kj woyia" rdcH ;dka;%slhkaf.a ixiofha f.daj l%shdldÍ uQ,drïNhka yd úi÷ï fidhd isg ;reK iuq¿j yd ;reK ie,eiau .ekSfï ,d wdh;k ìys lsÍu úoHd{hkaf.a m¾Ioh olajd;a wka;¾ BRICS iyfhda.S;djh muKla fkdj bÈßfha§ BRICS wmf.a ck;dj yd ;reK m%cdj Yla;su;a jvd uyck yd ;reK flakaøSh w;r wkd.;h i|yd BRICS lrkq ,nhs ùug mokï ilik wjia:d 100 f.dvke.Sfï kj lg jeä m%udKhla ixúOdkh u.la f.dvke.Sug lsÍu i|ydo wjYH mokï jeá‚' BRICS bkaÈhdfõ iNdm;S;ajh W;aidy hkq —‍wkd.; mrïmrdjka i|yd jk Yla;su;a oerefõh"˜‍ weh mejiSh' y~l wfmalaIdjla˜‍ nj i|yka l< bka§h f.daj l%shdldß ie,iqu ;=< úfoaY lghq;= weu;skS iqIaud iajrdÊ" kj ux fidhk uQ,drïNhka kjÈ,a,sfha mej;s f.daj iuq¿fjka Èk ia:dms; lrk w;r wka;¾ BRICS follg miq mej;s BRICS udOH ixiofha§ iyfhda.S;djh j¾Okh lrhs' jeo.;alu wms wjOdrKh lruq'˜‍ hkqfjka f.daj m%ldYkfha i|yka fõ'

udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh" www.indiawrites.org" bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ Tyq 8jk BRICS iuq¿j i|yd f.dafõ ixpdrh lf<ah'

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wdishdka-bkaÈhd iïnkaO;djh 25 jk úhg(

Y=Njd§ l:dkaorh

jir 25 la iïmQ¾K lrk wdishdka ixúOdkh yd bkaÈhdj w;r jk ;SrKd;aul iïnkaO;djh tys jeo.;alu yd úNjhka ms<sn| fmdfrdkaÿj uqÿka muqKqjñka we; joka | ukSIa pdkaoa

—‍fuu iaurKh i|yd ie,iqï l< lghq;= ;=< bkaÈhdj yd rgj,a 10 l tl;=jla jk wdishdka wfmalaIdjka /£ we;sjd fiau wmf.a Wml%ñl ixúOdkh w;r jk fuu wjia:djka yd iïnkaO;djh ;=< jk yelshdjkao w;s uy;ah' iqNjdoh .eí jqKq l:dkaorfha 25 jk jir fuu fmdfrdkaÿj imqrk yd tys úNjh y÷kd. 2017 jif¾§ ieuÍug lghq;= iQodkï fõ' kj kakd fukau ta i|yd Tn iu. msh k.kd È,a,sfha welaÜ BiaÜ m%;sm;a;sh kï ft;sydisl uxikaêh ;=< ixúOdkh flfrk fuu iaurK úYajikSh yjq,alrefjl= Tn bkaoshdj ;=<ska iuq¿j" ì,shk 1'8 lg jeä ck;djla jdih olskq we;'˜‍ lrk yd l,dmfha N+ wd¾Ólh ;=< .;sl 2017 jir ;=< meje;afjk wdishdka-bka§h j¾Okhla fmkakqï lrk wdishdka úfoaY weu;sjrekaf.a yuqfõ§ ixúOdkfha yd bkaÈhdfõ jir 15 jir mqrd meje;afjk ieureï úúO l%shdldrlï l iuq¿ uÜgfï iïnkaO;djh yd Èh;a flfrkq we;s w;r t;=<ska .Kkdjla iu. jir myl Wml%ñl iïnkaO;djh bka§h wdishdka iïnkaO;djfha jir mqrdjg i,l=Kq lrkq we;' —‍fnod yod.;a nyq úO jQ me;slvhka fy<sorjq ß§ ixj;airh jákdlï" fmdÿ brKu˜‍ kï jk flfrkq we;' jHdmdr iuq¿jla" ieufrkq we; iuq¿fõ f;audj" bkaÈhdj wdishdka m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍkaf.a ixiohla" fudag¾ r: /<shla" kdúl ixúOdkh iu. ;r lr.kq ,nk iïnkaO;djh idrdxY fldg olajh' wdishdkq .fõIKhla" ixialD;sl W;aij hkdÈh fuys§ meje;afjkq we;'’ ishjila ìys lsÍfï oelaula fukau ish,a, we;=<;a jk l,dmSh md,k rgdjla ìys lsÍfï wruqK fuys lemS fmfka' ¨‍la BiaÜ isg welaÜ BiaÜ olajd iema;eïn¾ 8 jk Èk ,d´ifha w.k.rh jk bkaÈhdj yd wdishdka ixúOdkh w;r jk úfhkaáheka ys mej;s 14 jk bka§h- wdishdka yjq,aldÍ;ajh wdrïN jQfha 1991§ tjlg iuq¿fõ§ fuu ieureu ms<sn|j fufkys bka§h w.ue;s mSù krisxy rd´ uy;df.a ¨‍la l< w.ue;s kf¾kø fudaÈ fufia mejiqfõh( BiaÜ ^kef.kysr n,kak& m%;sm;a;sh iu.hs'

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2015 § ia:dmkh flreKq wdishdka wd¾Ól m%cdfõ (AEC) is;shu

Map not to scale

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th wd¾Ól m%;sixialrKh yd bkaÈhdj f.da,ShlrKh je<| .ekSu;a iu. iumd; úh' fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys uQ,sl woyi jQfha wdishdka rgj, ;dlaIKh" kjHlrKh yd m%d.aOkh ;=< ke.S tk Yla;Ska iu. bkaÈhdfõ úNjh uqyq lsÍuhs' fuu yjq,aldÍ;ajh j¾Okh ù 2002 jif¾§ iuq¿ uÜgfï yuqùï isÿ flreKq w;r 2012 jk úg Wml%ñl yjq,aldß;ajhla njg m;aúh' 2009 jifr§ NdKav iïnkaOj bka§h-wdishdka ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu w;aika flreKq w;r 2014 § fiajd yd wdfhdack iïnkaO ksoyia fjf<| .súiqug w;aika ;eì‚' fudaÈ uy;d w.ue;s ùfuka miqj, ¨‍la BiaÜ m%;sm;a;sh welaÜ BiaÜ m%;sm;a;sh njg mßj¾;kh flreKq w;r t;=< wdishdka ixúOdkh yd tys úia;D; kef. kysr wi,ajeis rdcH iu. bkaÈhdfõ iïnkaO;djh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wruqKq .eí

wd¾Óluh jYfhka ch-ch ;;a;ajh fuu md¾Yajhka folu 2022 jk úg oaúmd¾Yaúl fjf<|du fvd,¾ ì,shk 200 olajd jeä lsÍug W;aidy orhs' úfhkaáheka iuq¿fõ§ m%Odk wjOdkh fhduq jQfha fiajdjka yd wdfhdack iïnkaOj wdishdkabkaÈhd .súiqu l%shd;aul lsÍu yd NdKav iïnkaO wdishdka bkaÈhd fjf<| .súiqu ms<sn| iudf,dapkh iïmQ¾K lsÍuhs' bkaÈhdj úiska wdishdka-bka§h jHdmdr uKav, cd,hla ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd fhdackd l< w;r 2017 jif¾§ wdishdkabkaÈhd jHdmdr m%o¾Ykh ;u rfgys

úhekaáfhkays§ mej;s wdishdka-bka§h iuq¿j w;r m%dfoaYSh wd¾Ól yjq,aldÍ;ajhla i|yd jk taldnoaO kdhl m%ldYh iu. iïnkaO fjk w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ yd ol=K( w.ue;s fudaÈ 2015 jif¾§ lajd,d,ïmQ¾ ys mej;s wishdka jHdmdr yd wdfhdack iuq¿fõ§

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meje;aùug ;dhs,ka;h tlÕ;ajh m%ldY lf<ah' 2009 § w;aika l< NdKav iïnkaO ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu w;aika lsÍfuka miqj 2014 fkdjeïn¾ ui fjf<|du yd wdfhdackh iïnkaO bka§h wdishdka .súiqu w;aika flreKq w;r th 2015 cQ,s 1 jkod n,d;aul úh' wdfhdackh i|yd bka§h wdishdka uOHia:dkh ieliSu ;=<ska fomd¾Yajhgu iïnkaO úh yels wdfhdackhka we;s fjkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾'

Wmdh ud¾.sl jeo.;alu ;%ia;jdoh" uxfld,a,lEï yd ld,.=K fjkialï jeks ish,a,kagu n,mdk .eg¿ iïnkaOj jk woyia l%shd;aul lsÍugo Tjqka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' —‍wdishdka ixúOdkh iu. jk wmf.a iyfhda.h YsIagdpdruh Wreuh u; muKla mokï fkdfõ' th wmf.a iudchka wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd;a l,dmh ;=< iduh" ia:djr;ajh yd iuDoaêh f.k tau i|yd;a

jk wmf.a fmdÿ Wml%ñl m%uqL;djka u;;a mokï fõ' bkaÈhdfõ zwelaÜ BiaÜZ m%;sm;a;sh i|yd wdishdka ixúOdkh wjYHu fõ' tfukau l,dmfha ;=,kh yd iyfhda.S;ajh i|yd wmf.a ne£ïo jeo.;a fõ"˜‍ hkqfjka úfhkaáheka iuq¿fõ§ fudaÈ uy;d mejiqfõh' l,la ;siafia mj;sk ol=Kq Ök uqyqo iïnkaO .eg¿j wdrlaIl iyfhda.S;djh blau‚ka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wjYH;djh biau;= lrhs' —‍iuqø kS;sh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iïuq;sh ;=< olajd we;s cd;Hka;r kS;s uQ,O¾u u; mokïj bkaÈhdj hd;%Kfha ksoyi yd wndê; jd‚cHh i|yd iyh olajhs' wms wdishdka ixúOdkh iu. jk yjq,aldÍ;ajh ;=< wmf.a N+ñldj bgq lsÍug iQodkï ù we;af;uq"˜‍ fudaÈ uy;d mejiSh'

iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lr.ekSu bka§h-wdishdka in|;dj, uQ,slu wNsm%dhla jQfha fN!;sl" äðg,a" wd¾Ól" wdh;ksl yd

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ixialD;sl iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lr.ekSuhs' m%dfoaYSh iïnkaO;djh blauka lrjk jHdmD;s .Kkdjlg bkaÈhdj iyh olajd we;s w;r wdishdka-iïnkaO;djh (ASEANPlus Connectivity (MPAC) kï jk m%Odk ie,iqugo rel=,a § ;sfí' uE;ld,Skj" ldïfndach" ,d´ih yd úhÜkduh fj; hk bka§h-ñhekaudr-;dhs,ka; ff;%md¾Yaúl uyd ud¾.h iïnkaO .fõIKd;aul lghq;= bÈßhg f.k hdu i|yd taldnoaO ld¾h idOl n,ldhla msysgqùu ms<sn|j bkaÈhdj ksfõokh lf<ah'

ixj¾Ok yjq,aldÍ;ajh wdishdka- bka§h úoHd yd ;dlaIK wruqo, fvd,¾ ñ,shk 1 isg fvd,¾ ñ,shk 5 olajd jeä lsÍu yd wvq úhoï ;dlaIKhkaf.a jd‚clrKhg myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd wdishdka-bka§h kjHlrK fõÈldj ieliSu ;=<ska ixj¾Ok yjq,aldÍ;ajh ;r flfrkq

oelsh yelsh' jHjidhl;aj ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh (EDCs)" uDÿldx. ixj¾Okh yd mqyqKqj i|yd uOHia:dkh" bx.%Sis NdIdj yd mqyqKq lsÍfï uOHia:dkh ^CELTs& jeks wdh;k CLMV ;=< ^ldïfndach" ñhekaudrh" ,d´ih yd úhÜkduh& ia:dmkh lsÍfuka tu wj ixj¾ê; wdishdka rgj, Odß;d ixj¾Okh kexùfï,do bkaÈhdj iyh fokq ,nhs'

ÿr oelau( wdishdkq ishji tlaj ie,iqï lsÍu kef.kysr wdishdkq l,dmh iu. iïnkaO;d we;s lr.ekSfï§ bkaÈhdj wdishdka ixúOdkh uQ,sl lrf.k welaÜ BiaÜ m%;sm;a;sh fõ.j;a lrñka isà' m%Odk;u wdishdkauQ,sl uQ,drïNhka fj; bkaÈhdj iyh olajd ;sfí- 2015 § wdishdka m%cdjla ks¾udKh lsßu" wdishdka m%cd oelau 2025" wdishdka wkql,kh i|yd jk uQ,drïNh ^IAI&" ixj¾Ok mr;rhka wvq lsÍu yd wdishdka iïnkaO;djh i|yd

ju( 14 jk wdishdka-bka§h iuq¿j wu;k w.ue;s yd by<( w.ue;s fudaÈ ñhekaudr rdcH fldkai,a wjqx.a idka iQ lS iu.

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È,a,s idlÉPd VIII( wdishdka -bka§h in|;d( kj iqiudo¾Yhla wu;k úfoaY lghq;= weu;skS iqiaud iajrdÊ

jk m%Odk ie,iqï 2025" ta w;r fjhs' —‍iduh" m%.;sh yd iduQysl iuDoaêh˜‍ kñka kï lr we;s 2016-202 olajd jk ld, iSudj i|yd ieliqKq wdishdka-bkaÈhd l%shdldÍ ie,iqu" bka§h wdishdka iyfhda.S;djh jeäÈhqKq lr.ekSfï tla wÈhrls' ie,iqï 130 la w;=ßka 54la oekgu;a taldnoaOj l%shd;aul j we;s w;r fuu m%.;sh lrd YS>%fhka <Õd fjkq oelsh yelsh lajd,d ,ïmQ¾j, mej;s 13 jk bka§h-wdishdka iuq¿fõ§ ;u l,dmh fj; ,ndfok uQ,Hu wdOdrhka jeä lsÍfï wruq‚ka fudaÈ uy;d wefvd ì,shk 1l Kh oduhla fN!;sl yd äðg,a iïnkaO;djh m%j¾Okh i|yd ,ndfok nj ksfõokh lf<ah úfhkaáheka iuq¿fõ§” wu;r wefvd ñ,shk 50 la iu. wdishdkabka§h wruqo, jeä lsÍu ms<sn|jo bkaÈhdj i|yka lf<ah' fï w;r kd,kaod úYajúoHd,h kej;;a

cd;Hka;r oekqï uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍu;a iu. nqÿ oyuo kj Ôjkhla ,nñka we;' ófldx .x.dj Tiafia mj;sk bka§h Ys,d f,aLkhka y÷kd.ekSu yd rgj,a w;r fmdÿ ixialD;sl ixfla;hka f,aLk.; lsÍug bkaÈhdj fhdackd lr we;' Isf,dxys wdishdka wOHhk uOHia:dkh úiska fjf<|du" ixpdrl l¾udka;h yd ixialD;sl yqjudre ;=<ska rgj,a w;r in|;d mq¿,a lsÍug lghq;= lrñka we;' jir úismyla mqrd úúO wdldrfha iïnkaO;d mq¿,a lr.ksñka isák bka§h-wdishdka yjq,aldÍ;ajh fï jk úg kj fmruqKq .fõIKh i|yd iQodkï fjñka isà=' wdishdkq ishjila i|yd jk isyskh ienE lr.kq jia Tjqka by< b,lal we;s lr.ksñka" idlÉPd h:d¾:hla lr.ksñka yd Wml%ñlj is;ñka lghq;= l< hq;=j we;'

udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh" www.indiawrites.org" bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ

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bkaÈhdfõ welaÜ BiaÜ

m%;sm;a;shg ;,a¨‍jla w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈf.a welaÜ BiaÜ m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ASEAN ixúOdkh iu. bkaÈhdfõ iïnkaOhg kj udkhla yd .eUqrla ,eî we; joka |

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úldia Lkakda

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kef.kysr wdishdkq iuq¿ follg iyNd.s —‍;%ia;jdoh" rdcH m%;sm;a;sfha fuj,ula ùu i|yd ,d´ih fj; w.ue;s kf¾kaø f,i Ndú;d lrk rchka fj; wmf.a fudaÈ uy;d l< ixpdrh" welaÜ BiaÜ m%n, l%sud¾.hka fhduq úh hq;=hs"˜‍ hkqfjka m%;sm;a;sfha (AEP) fldgila f,i w.aksÈ. mjik Tyq( —‍;%ia;jdoh we;s lsÍfï yd wdishdj iu. jk in|;d ;r wmkhkh lsÍfuka muKla lr.ekSu i|yd jk Tyqf.a ;r.ldÍ;aj jdish ,nd. wêIaGdkh úoyd oelajQfõh' kakd rgla wmf.a wi,ajeis fï w;ßka fuu ixpdrhg fya;= jQfha rgj,a w;r mj;skjd' fuu ;%ia;jdofha whym;au f.dÿr fjf<| lghq;= jQ kuq;a wmkhkh iduh i|yd jk njg oYl w.ue;sjrhd fuys§ l,dmfha bv wvq lrñka m%pKav;ajh .Kkdjla ;siafia jeäfjñka mj;sk ;%ia; i|yd jeä bvla .ksñka m;afjñka isákafka Wjÿr yd u;fNaohg ,lajQ bkakd w;ru ish¿ fokdf.a bkaÈhdjhs' ol=Kq Ök uqyqfoa jeäfjñka iduh yd iuDoaêh wjodkul mj;sk ñ,sgßlrKh ms<sn|jo fy,kjd'˜‍ hkqfjkao mejiSh' wjOdkh fhduq lf<ah' w.ue;s fudaÈ uy;d 9$11 isoaêfhka miq w.aks È. wdishdj ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj igka lsÍu i|yd m%ydrhka .Kkdjlg ,la jQ w;r bka m%Odk iduQysl W;aidyhl wjYH;djh biau;= l< jQfha 200 fofkl=g Ôú; wysñ l< 2002 w;r újD; yd iduqysl iudchla fj; we;s nd,s m%ydrhhs' bia,dñl rdcH ixúOdkh nrm;, wNsfhda.hla f,i th ie,l=fõh' fuys ysi tiùug fmr" fcud bia,dñhd" wnq

wNsuqL msgqj( bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kø fudaÈ úhkaáheka ys§ cmdk w.ue;s Ysfida wfí uy;d yuqfjñka by<( wdishdka yd kef.kysr wdishd iuq¿j i|yd ,d´ PDR fj; l< ixpdrfha§ w.ue;s fudaÈ úhkaáheka fj; meñfKñka

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

11 jk kef.kysr wdishd iuq¿jg iu.dój tlai;a ckmo ckdêm;s ne/la Tndud yuqjQ w.ue;s fudaÈ

ihshd*a yd fudafrda bia,du úuqla;s fmruqK ,la jQ ol=Kq Ök uqyqfoa .eg¿j iïnkaOj (MILF) fuys ;yjqrej mej;sfhah' fï ish n,h fmkaùug Ökh wr w¢k w;ßka ;%ia;jdofha whym;au f.dÿr njg fudfydf;a§h' bkaÈhdj yd tlai;a ckmoh oYl .Kkdjla ;siafia m;afjñka isákafka cd;Hka;r iuqøh ;=< .uka lsÍfï ksoyi bkaÈhdjhs' w.aks È. wdishdkq rgj,a iu. ms<sn|j y~la k.ñka isák w;r uE;l§ w;aje,a ne|f.k ;%ia;jdoh cd;Hka;r úksYaph iNdjla ;=rka lsÍu i|yd lghq;= lsÍug úiska fuu u;fNaohg ,lajQ iuqø bkaÈhdj yd oeka ld,h meñK ;sfí' m%foaYh iïnkaOj ms,smSkhg tlai;a ckmoh 14 jk wdishdka-bka§h iuq¿j jvd jdis iy.; jk ;SrKhla hk forgu wjik ksl=;a l< m%ldYkh ,nd§fuka miqj îðx kqjr cd;Hka;r iuqøh ;=< .uka u.ska l,dmh ;=< jk m%Odk;u WrKj isákq oelsh yelsh' Ökh" lsÍfï ksoyi ;¾ckhla f,i ;%ia;jdoh kï ;dhsjdkh" ms,smSkh" úhÜkduh" Wfoid fmkS is à lr we;s w;r thg tfrysj uef,aishdj yd nDfkh" fvd,¾ igka je§ug m%n, y~la u;= á%,shk .Kkska fjf<|dï lr we;' fuu m%ldYkh u.ska fï jk úg isÿfjk ol=Kq Ñk uqyqfoa fldgiaj,g fyda tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=< idlÉPd iïmQ¾K m%foaYhg we;s ;u whs;sh lshdmdñka fjñka mj;sk cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh ms<sn| isà' úfhkaáhdkaj, mej;s 11 jk kef. úia;S¾K iïuq;sh blaukska l%shd;aul lsÍfï kysr wdishdkq iuq¿fõ§ w.ue;s fudaÈ Ökh jeo.;aluo wjOdrKh flß‚' fj; fun÷ m‚jqvhla ÿkafkah' —‍bkaÈhdj fuu iuq¿ fol meje;ajQfha u;fNaohg cd;Hka;r kS;sfha uQ,O¾uhka u; msysgd

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fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

hd;%Kh" .=jka .uka yd wndê; jdKscHh iuq¿j ms<sn|jo ksfõokh lf<ah' i|yd we;s ksoyig iyh ,ndfohs' tfukau tfukau fudaÈ uy;d f,dj kdhlhka u;fNaohka ÿr,Su i|yd ;¾ckh yd n,h lsysm fofkl= iu.o mqoa.,slj idlÉPd Ndú;d lsÍu ;=<ska iduh yd ia:djr;ajhg meje;ajQ w;r tu kdhlhka w;r tlai;a n,mEï lrñka ish¿ foa ixlS¾K ckmo ckdêm;s ne/la Tndud" jk njo wms úYajdi lruq'˜‍ fldßhdkq ckdêm;s" Ök" cmdk iQ lS iu. l< bkaÈhd-wdishdka yd kef. yd ,d´i w.ue;sjre" iy idlÉPdfõ§ kysr wdishdkq iuq¿ ;=<§ ñhekaudrfha rdcH fldkai,a iïnkaO;d jeä fudaÈ uy;d bkaÈhdfõ AEP ys yd úfoaY weu;sks wjqx.a idka ÈhqKq lr.ekSu jeo.;alu u;= l< w;r wdishdka iqlS jQy' iïnkaO;djh" jd‚c ms<sn|j w.ue;s ixúOdkh fj; jk ;u ne£u in|;d yd ixialD;sl iïnkaO;d fudaÈ jeä l,dmfha fmdÿ m%uqL;djhk" hk ;%s;ajh (three Cs) wdishdkq wjOdkhla iduh" ia:djr;ajh yd iuDoaêh kdhlhka w;r idlÉPdjg ,la fhduq lf<ah u; mokï jk nj m%ldY lf<ah' jQ m%Odk;u lreKq úh' iq lS tfukau wdishdka ixúOdkh iu. bkaÈhdfõ iu. l< idlÉPdfõ§ fjf<|du yd ck;dj ixjdouh yjq,aldÍ;ajh ia:dmkh lsÍfï 25 w;r in|;d jeä lr.ekSug l,dmfha jk ixj;airh iksgqyka lsÍug 2017 jif¾§ iïnkaO;djh ;r lr .ekSfï wjYH;djh bkaÈhdj ;=< —‍fnod yod.;a w.hka" fmdÿ u;= flfrk ,§' tfukau bkaÈhd-ñhekaudrbrKu˜‍ hk uefhka meje;afjk wkqiaurK ;dhs,ka; ff;%md¾Yaúl uyd ud¾.h iy

w.ue;s fudaÈ úhkaáhekays§ ,d´ifha w.ue;s f;dka.af,djqka isfidõ,s;a uy;d yuqfjñka

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

w.ue;s fudaÈ" ish yefkdahs ixpdrfha§ úhÜkdu w.ue;s ka.=fhka laiqjdka *Qla iu.

l,vka nyq wdldr m%jdyk jHdmD;sh ms<snoj w;/;s iïnkaO;djfha jeo.;au yjq,alrefjl=o iudf,dapkhlo fhÿKy' jir follska jkq we;' iïmQ¾K lsÍug kshuj we;s fuu. tfukau úhÜkduho bka§h ska bkaÈhdfõ Bidk È. fldgi AEP ys jeo.;a fldgialrefjls' bkaÈhdj iu. ñhekaudrh yryd ;dhs,ka;h iu. Ökh fj; hk .uk w;ru. G-20 N+ñ foaY iSudjla iïnkaO jkq we;s w;r bkaÈhdfõ iuq¿jg iyNd.S ùu ms‚i fudaÈ fnod.kakd Bidk È. fldgi ;=< wd¾Ól uy;d úhÜkdufha k;r jQ w;r th tlu wdishdka lghq;=j, meyeÈ,s j¾Okhla we;s jir 15 lska bka§h w.ue;sjrfhl= ixúOdkhg wh;a rg lrkq we;' isÿ l< m<uq ixpdrh úh' Tyq ñhekaudrhhs bkaÈhdj iu. lsf,daógr 1"643 wdrlaIl ñ,§.ekSï i|yd yefkdahs l foaY iSudjla fnod.kakd tlu fj; fvd,¾ ñ,shk 500 l Khla wdishdka rg ñhekaudrh jk w;r bkaÈhdfõ msßkeuQ w;r úhÜkdufha ka.=fhka laiqjdka AEP ;=<" úfYaIfhkau bkaÈhdj yd w.aks È. *Qla iu. l,dmh ;=< ;u kdúl n,h

úfoaY lghq;= ms<sn| rdcH wud;H úY%dñl ¨‍;skka fckrd,a ùfla isx” úfhkaáheka ys mej;s 6 jk kef.kysr wdishd iuq¿ úfoaY wud;Hjrekaf.a yuqfõ§

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fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

kef.kysr wdishd iuq¿jg iu.dój fldßhdkq ckrcfha ckdêm;s mdla f.jqka yhs uqK.eiqKq w.ue;s fudaÈ

;yjqre lr.ekSu ms‚io idlÉPd lf<ah' wjika ;SrKhlg t<ô w;r Tjqka w;r tfukau úhÜkduho kj È,a,sh iu. jk oaúmd¾Yaúl fjf<|du buy;aj j¾Okh iïnkaO;djh ;rlr.;a w;r Ökh yd jQfha uq,a b,lalhg jvd fvd,¾ ì,shk reishdj w;r mejf;k wdldrfha 'úia;SrK 6 la jeä fjñka 2015 § fvd,¾ ì,shk 76 Wml%ñl yjq,aldÍ;ajhla˜‍ we;s la olajd <Õd fjñks' tfy;a lr.ekSug W;aiy ork ,§' l< yels m%udKh bkaÈhdfõ welaÜ fuu ixpdrh ;=< tla w.aksÈ. Bg jeäh' BiaÜ Wml%uh rgla iu. muKla fkdj jir fol yudrla ;=< Èfjk iuia; wdishdka l,dmh ;=<u we;= <; fudaÈ rch wNsm%dhhka wi< fjf<|du jk ;u iïnkaO;d Yla;su;a tys AEP m%;sm;a;sh hkq m%Odk lr.ekSfï kjÈ,a,s W;aidyh ;=< buy;a m%.;shla wNsfma%rlhls lemS fm‚k' ,ndf.k we;' bkaÈhdfõ welaÜ BiaÜ YS>%fhka fjkiajk Wml%uh ;=< Èfjk wNsm%dhhka wi< N+foaYmd,k h:d¾:hka ;=< fjf<|du hkq m%Odk wNsfm%alhls' wdishdka ixúOdkh iu. jk 2009 jif¾§ bkaÈhdj yd wdishdka in|;d ;r lr.ekSug AEP ixúOdkh w;r fjf<| .súiqu ms<sn| bjy,a ù we;'

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

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iagdÜ wma bkaähd" ksjerÈ l, .;a

ksjerÈ ;SrKh

bka§h rcfha m%Odk;u uQ,drïNh jHjidhlhska i|yd fukau wdfhdaclhska i|ydo mq¿,a ùfï yd wkd.; ixj¾Okfha wjia:djka imhkq ,nhs joka |

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úldia Lkakda

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

/lshdjka i|yd iqÿiqlï ,nkakka ixLHdj fhdackd lr we;s mßÈ bÈß oYlh ;=< ñ,shk yd iu. /lshdjka j¾Okh fkdjk ld,hl" 100 l /lshd wjia:djka we;s lsÍu i|yd o< w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ úiska wdrïN l< ziagdÜ cd;sl ksIm a dÈ;h ;=< ksIm a dok fldgi ishhg wma bkaähd| jHdmD;sh w;suy;a f,i jeo.;a 25 lska jeä l< hq;j = we;' tneúka" zfïla bka fõ' f,dalfha fõ.fhkau j¾Okh jk wd¾Ólh bkaähd| uQ,drïNh iu. isÿ flfrk wdrïNhka iys;j jqjo bkaÈhdj ;=< YS>f % hka jeä fjk ú/ bÈß j¾I i|yd /lshd we;s lrk l¾udka;h lshdj ms<n s |j rch wjOdkfhka jkq we;' wo jk úg" tlai;a isà' kj;u wdishdkq -meis*l s a ckmoh yd ì%;dkHhg miq wo jk úg" udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;djg wkQj kj jHdmdrhka wdrïN lsÍfï tlai;a ckmoh yd bÈß jir 35 l ld,h ;=< ixLHdjkaf.ka f;jk ;ek .kq ì%;dkHhg miq kj j¾Okh jk ck.ykhg / ,nkafka bkaÈhdjhs' kEiafldï jHdmdrhka wdrïN lshd ,nd§u iïnkaOj bkaÈhdj u.ska ;lafiare lrk wdldrhg lsÍfï ixLHdjkaf. nrm;, wNsfhda.hlg uqyK q fokq uDÿldx. jHdmdrhka muKla 2017 ka f;jk ;ek .kq ,nka f ka bka È hdjhs ’ we;' tu jd¾;dfõ i|yka fjk jif¾§ /lshd 800"000 la ks¾udKh wdldrhg 1991 yd 2013 w;r ld,h lrkq we;' ,dN bxðfkareuh ;=< —jev lrk jhfia˜‍ ck;dj ñ,shk 300 lska yelshdjka ,nd.; yels rgl ld¾hd, msyg s ù q fï jeä ù we;s w;r rfÜ wd¾Ólhg wjfYdaIKh ,d wdfhdackh lsÍug Wkkaÿ jk iud.ï lr.; yelafla ñ,shk 140 l ck;djla mu‚' lsym s hlau ;sfí' fujka ikao¾Nhla ;=< rcfha ksjk q a jHdmD;s jk iud.ï fukau wdfhdaclhka i|ydo nÿ zfïla bka bkaähd| yd ziagdÜ wma bkaähd| úiska úrduhka ,nd§u i|yd jk bka§h rcfha .eg¿jg kshu ms<; s r = la imhkq we;' Ökfha ukao.dó;ajh yuqfõ ksIm a dok wxYfha weojeàula fmkakï q lrk fuu wjia:dfõ§ jeä jeäfhka /lshd we;s lsÍfï yÈis wjYH;djhla mek ke.S we;' cd;sl ksIm a dok m%;m s ;a;h s u.ska

kj È,a,sfha ziagdÜ wma bkaähd" iagEkaâ wma bkaähd| jevigyk Èh;a lrk wjia:dj wu;k w.ue;s fudaÈ

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m%.;sh

kj jHdmdr ksfhdað;hka" VC iy ksfhdað; wdfhdaclhka iu. idldÉPdfõ fhfok w.ue;s

l%h s dud¾.hka ;=<k s a kj jHdmdrhka fj; la olajd jeä ù ;sì‚' 2016 jif¾§ bkaÈhdfõ W;afm%r a lhla iemfhkq we;s njg úYajdi flf¾' wka;¾cd, mßYS,lhskf a .ka ishhg 43'8 la kj jHdmdr i|yd remsh,a fldaá 10"000 l úfYaI ud¾..;j ksIm a dok ñ,§ f.k ;sì‚' 2019 wruqo,la msyg s ù q ug wu;rj rch úiska fmagkaÜ jif¾§" fuu ixLHdj ishhg 64'4 la olajd msßjefhka ishhg 80 l wvq lsÍula j¾Okh fjkq we;ehs wfmalI a d msßkud we;' úfYaI{hska úYajdi flf¾' fi!LHdrlaIKh" wOHdmkh" rch iud.ï yd lrk mßÈ" nÿj,ska yd wkql, + ;d b-jd‚cHh" wd.ka;l = i;aldrh" wdfhdaclhka mÍlaIK j,ska jir ;=kl ksoyia lDIsl¾uh yd .%dóh lghq;= hkd§ fj; nÿ úrdu ld,hla ,nd§u u.ska fuu wxYh jHjidhkaj, .;slhka kj wd¾Ólh ,nd§u kj fj; Woa§mkhla ,efnkq we;' ;=<§ fjkia lrkq we;s fojk jHdmdrj,g wka;¾cd, mßYS,kh mrïmrdfõ äðg,a úma,jhla wNsuj q rel=,la jkq we; lrkakkaf.a ixLHdj fõ.fhka bkaÈhdj ke.S isà' j¾Okh jk jeä fjñka mj;sk miqìula ;=< äðg,a ñ,§.kakkaf.a ueÈy;aùï bkaÈhdj f,dj YS>f % hkau kj jHdmdr wdrïN u.ska Èßh ,en" jHdmdr m%d.aOk wruqo,a fjk ia:dk w;=ßka tlla f,i y÷kd.efka' lsym s hlau uE;ld,h ;=< bkaÈhdfõ wdfhdackh rg ;=< cx.u wka;¾cd, mßYS,lhka 2013 § i|yd fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kkla fhdojd we;' ishhg 15'1la jQ w;r 2016 jk úg ishhg 34' 18 bkaÈhdj ;=< ;u ie,iqï fufia ksfõokh l<

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iud.ï lsym s h w;r cmdkfha fid*aÜnEkala yd ì,shk 100 l mßfNdackhla wfmalI a d flf¾' ksõfhdala ys ld¾hd, bv imhkkal= jk ùj¾la 2018 jir wjika jk úg iEu .ulgu úÿ,sh o fjhs' nEkala T*a wfußld fuß,a ,skÉ a u.ska ,ndfok njg w.ue;s fudaÈ l< m%ldYh;a iu. mqfrdal:kh lr we;s wdldrhg miq.h s jif¾ iQ¾h n,Yla;h s fj; fvd,¾ ì,shk .Kkl wdfhdackhka i|yd jk m%;p s drhka rch fj; fvd,¾ ì,shk 11 la jQ bka§h b- jd‚cHh 2025 jk úg fvd,¾ ì,shk 220 la ,efnñka ;sfí' jeäjk n,Yla;s wjYH;djh iemsÍug yd /lshd we;s olajd jeä fjkq we;' lsÍug 2022 jk úg iQ¾h n,Yla;h s uDÿldx. lafIa;h % g wu;rj iudchg n,mEï mia .=Khlska jeä lrñka fufjd ÿmam;=kg a fi!LHdrlaIK lrk jHdmdr 100"000 olajd jeä lsÍug fudaÈ rch uDÿldx. fyda ksjdi i|yd iïnkaOj .;a l, tjka wdfhdackhka wvq úhoï iQ¾h n,Yla;h s ie,iqï lr we;' i|yd bka È hdj f,dj ,dnd,;u jHdmdr ,nd§u jeks lafIa;% i|ydo ;=< w;s úYd, ysñlrejka iys; rg njg bkaÈhdj wdfhdacl Wkkaÿj we;s fjñka fjf<|fmd,la m;ajkafka tys jHjidhlhkaf. we;' iudchg n,mEï lrk oelsh yelsh’ ka ishhg 70 la jhi wjqreÿ 35 jHdmdr iïnkaOj .;a l, lg wvq jk neúks' bkaÈhdj ;=< tjka wdfhdackhka i|yd bkaÈhdj ;=< w;s úYd, fjf<|fmd,la oelsh iEu Èklu f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jHdmdr ;=kla yelsh' .%dóh bkaÈhdj ;=< ñ,shk .Kkla fyda y;rla ìys fõ' miq.h s ld,h ;=< /lshd ck;djg ;ju;a msßisÿ mdkSh c,h, jeisl, s s yd fidhkakka fkdj /lshd ;kkakka njg m;aùug úÿ,s n,h fkdue;' .%d‍óh lafIa;h % jd¾Islj ;reK uki ieliS ;sfí' tneúka ziagdÜ wma ishhg 8-10 olajd jk j¾Ok fõ.hla w;am;a bkaähd| hkq rfÜ ;reK m%cdfõ fuu isyk s j,g mshdm;a ,ndfok wk.s fõÈldjla fjkq we;' lrf.k isák w;r 2017 jir jk úg fvd,¾

uqo,a" taldnoaO lghq;= yd f;dr;=re iy úldYk weu;s wreka chsÜf,a uy;d iy jd‚c yd l¾udka; rdcH weu;sks ks¾u,d is;drduka iu. zziagdÜ wma bkaähd" iagEkaâ wma bkaähdz jevigyka iudrïNfha§ w.ue;s fudaÈ

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m%.;sh

jEiaiqï jdßud¾.lrKh ;=<ska

c, ixrlaIKh fõ.fhka ySk ù hk c, iïm; fya;=fjka" fï jk úg jEiaiqï jdßud¾.lrKh wjYH;djhlaj mj;S’ idïm%odhsl jdßud¾. l%u yd ikaikaokh lr neÆ úg ths jvd m%;s,dN iys; fjhs’ joka |

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rú;a w.%jd,a

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

N+ ,laIKhkaf.a" N+ úoHdfõ yd rg ;=< f.dúhkaf.a tajd ;ka;=j,g ne| ;eîu fuu.ska isÿ fõ' fuu Ôú;j,g n,mdkq ,nk ;dlaIKfha yd iïm;aj, l%uhg m%Odk" Wm m%Odk" md¾Yaúl jEiaiqï k, yd iajNdjh ms<sn|j yd tajdfha iSudlï y÷kd.ksñka Wmdx."jEiaiqï k, isr ùu je<elaùu i|yd jk bka§h rch kshx md,kh i|yd úúO jQ W;aidyhka fmryka iy fmdfydr fh§ug fukau wmf;a hdu .ksñka isà' fuhg jEiaiqï c, iïmdokh jeks laIqø je<elaùu i|yd fhdod.kakd jdlv kñka y÷kajk c,iïmdok Wml%uhka m% j¾Okho wh;a fõ' 2022 gexls wh;a fõ' jir jk úg fylaghdr ,laI 20 lg cd, k, moaO;shla u.ska ffokslj wêl N+ñ Nd.hla jEiaiqï jdßud¾. tla tla me,Eáhg wjYH jk c, jEiaiqï jdßud¾. lrKh u.ska wdjrKh lsÍug rch m%udKh iemfhk w;r tu.ska c,h lrKh uqvq wfmalaId lrhs' i;H jYfhkau" fuu f.k hdfï§ yd fnod yeÍfï§ isÿfjk bvï" l÷ jdß ud¾.lrKfha wd¾Ól n,mEu yd c,h wmf;a hdu wju flf¾' c,h .eg fukau fu;=<ska isÿfjk fmdfydr yd m,sfndaO ,ndfokafka j.dfõ fijK ,nk uq,a fjr<dY%s; je,s kdYl fh§fï fukau Y%uh i|yd iys; l,dmhg muKla jk neúka iys; ìï i|yd hk úhoï wvqùu" c, ixrlaIKh iy mDIaÁh mi fj;ska isÿ fjk c, fhdod .; yelsh’ M,odhS;djfha jeäùu ms<sn|j wOHhkh jdIamSlrKh isÿ fkdfõ' m¾fhaIK lsÍu i|yd w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ úfYaI u.ska fmkajd fok mßÈ jEiaiqï ld¾h n,ldhla ia:dms; lf<ah' jdßud¾. u.ska isÿ fjk c, iq/l=u mDIaÁh c, iemhqug jvd ishhg 40-70 olajd jk w;r ksYaÑ; ia:dkj, iuyr j.djka j, wiajekak ishhg 100 la jdis olajd fjhs' j.d ìï mqrd wvq >k;ajfhka hq;= fmd,st;s,Ska jEiaiqï jdßud¾.lrKh uqvq bvï" l÷ .eg fukau (LDPE) k, yryd c,h ,nd§fï idïm%odhsl l%uh w¾O-Y=Ial yd fjr<dY%s; je,s iys; ìï i|yd fhdod fjkqjg" uq,a fj; muKla c, ìxÿ jEiaiSu i|yd

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

m%.;sh

jfï isg ol=Kg( u,a yd ;Kfld< i|yd c,h imhk iam%skala,rh" iafg%dafnß f.dúfmd<l c, iq/l=ï jEiaiqï jdßud¾. l%uhla Ndú;d flfrk whqre" j.d flfrk f.dú ìula yd md;a;shl bÈlr we;s jdßud¾. moaO;shla

.; yelsh' fuu l%uh u.ska c,h ffokslj iemfhk neúka yd f;;a l,dmfha mßêhg" tkï j.d uq,ska msg;g ,jK ;,a¨‍ flfrk neúka hï ;rulg ,jK yd lsjq,a c,h Ndú;d lsÍug bv i,ihs' j,a me,Eá jeùu yd mdxY= Ldokfha ie,lsh hq;= wvq ùu" fufyhùfï kuHYS,S;djh" ÿ¾j, mia i|yd mjd iqÿiq ùu, wvq Y%uh fhdod.ekSug yels ùu" ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr i|yd jk msßjeh wvq ùu iy fjk;a jdis .Kkdjla fuu l%uh ;=< oelsh yelsh'

jHdmD;s

2016 jif¾ Tlaf;danrfhaÈ n.,afldÜ Èia;%slalfha yqka.=kaâ ;¨‍la ys isÿ l< rdï;d,a uefrd,a jEiaiqï jdß ud¾. jHdmD;sfha fojk wÈhr wdrïN lsÍu;a iu." fylaghdr 35"000 l uq¿ N+ñ Nd.hla wdjrKh lrk f,dj ;ks úYd,;u jEiaiqï jdß ud¾. jHdmD;sh iys; m%dka;h njg l¾Kdglh m;afõ ^1 wÈhf¾§ fylaghdr 11"000 la yd 2 jk wÈhf¾§ fylaghdr 24"000&' fuu fldaá 768 l msßjehla ork jHdmD;sh yqka.=kaoa ;¨‍la ys .ïudk 30 l l=vd yd wdka;sl f.dúhka 15"000 m%.;sldrl jQ wd¾Óluh YlH;djh lg wêl m%udKhlg m%;s,dN i,ik f.dùka jEiaiqï fuu l%uh i|yd jk msßjeh r|d w;r fkgd*sï bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u jdßud¾. lrKhg jeä mj;skafka j.d lrk fnda.h" me,Eá yd chska bÍf.aIka iud.u taldnoaOj leue;a;la w;r jk bv mr;rh" c, wjYH;djh bÈlsÍu" wh;a lr.ekSu" fufyhqï lghq;= olajk nj yd c, uQ,dY%fha msysàu u;hs' fmd,a lsÍu yd mejÍu (BOOT) udÈ,sh hgf;a m% ; s M , u.s k a yd wU jeks mq¿,a bv iys; j.djka fufyhfjkq ,efí' fmkajd § we; i|yd jeh jk uQ,sl ia:dmk úhou 1970 § bkaÈhdfõ§ jEiaiqï jd¾ ud¾. fylaghdrhlg re'20"000-25"000 la jk l%uh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK wdrïN jqjo" c, w;r ióm bv iys; Wla" t<j¿ yd lmq jeks j.djka ysÕlu ksid yd wêl uQ,sl wdfhdackh ksid tu i|yd fylaghdrhlg re'45"000-50"000 la muK fõ' l%uh ixj¾Okh jQfha b;d fiñka yd isud iys; th by< msßjehla jqjo" w;ayod ne,Sï m%;sM, wkQj m%foaYj, muKls' fmd,a yd fjk;a j.djka i|yd jQ fmkS hkafka wo Èk m%.;sldrl jQ f.dúhd jEiaiqï by< b,a¨‍u fya;=fjka flar< rch 1990 § fuu l%uh jdß ud¾.lrKh i|yd jeä leue;a;la olajk njhs' y÷kajd fok ,§' bka miq ñÈ jeks m,;=re fnda. i|yd ;dlaI‚l YlH;djh yd fndfyda m%dka;j, we;s by< l¾Kdglh yd wdkaoard m%foaYh fuu l%uh wdrïN iudc ms<s.ekSu fukau fuu l%uhg b;d by< msßjeh l< w;r miqld,Skj .=crdgh" uOH m%foaYa" uydrdIag%h m%;s,dN wkqmd;hlao we; ^11(32& yd rdcia:dkh fj; me;sr .sfhah' fuhg fya;=j

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

jQfha úYd, f.dúfmd,j,g fuu jEiaiqï jdß l< yels úh' f.da;%sl m%cdjka f.a Ôjk uÜgu ud¾. l%uh mDIaÁh jdß ud¾. l%uhg jvd Wiia lsÍu i|yd rch úiska w¾O uQ,Hhkh wd¾Ól jYfhka YlH jQ neúks' ÈhqKq rgj, ,nd ÿka iaj¾Kchka;s .%dï iajfrdaia.¾ f.dúfmd< yd ikaikaokh fhdackd kï uQ,drïNh iu. lrk úg bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u fkgd*sï úiska FPS y÷kajd úYd, f.dúfmd<j,ao uOH m%udKfha §u i|yd mSvk l%uh Wmfhda.s f.dúfmd,j,g ;rï úh' ish¿u f.dúfmd<j, lr.ksñka mej;s jEiaiqï jdß jEiaiqï jdß úÿ,s n,h ;snqfKao ke;' tneúka" ud¾. l%ufõoh fhdod .kakd ,§' ud¾. l%uh fkgd*sï úiska bkaÈhdfõ ia:dmk msßjeh ishhg 50 lg mDIaÁh jdß m%Odk f.dú;ekg mjq,a jEiaiqï wdikak m%udKhlska wvq lrñka ud¾. l%uhg l%uh (FPS) y÷kajd ÿka 2010 fuys§ c, gexlsh by< msysgqul jvd wd¾Ól jir jk f;la l=vd mßudK ia:dk.; lrk ,§' FPS l%uh" jYfhka YlHh’ f.dúfhda jEiaiqï jdßud¾. i|yd jEiaiqï jdß ud¾.h i|yd úYd, ,ndÿkafka wvq m%uqL;djhls' f.dúfmd< mej;sh hq;=h hk wjYH;djh fndfyda f.dúfmd<j,a wlalrhlg jvd wvq m%;slafIam l< w;r fï jk úg bkaÈhdj mqrd tfukau úIu N+ñ Nd.hka j, f.dúfmd<j,a f.dúhka fndfyda ixLHdjla úiska fuu l%uh msysá cd¾Ldkaoa ys ,enqKq wjia:djla wkQj th wkq.ukh lrkq oelsh yelsh'

idïm%odhsl jdßud¾.lrKh yd jEiaiqï jdßud¾.lrKh w;r ikaiokhla Crop Banana

Traditional method - Water

Traditional method - Yield

1760

57.5

Drip Irrigation method - Water

Drip Irrigation method - Yield

% Saving in water

% Increase in yield

970

87.5

Grapes

532

26.4

278

32.5

Citrus

1660

100

640

150

Tomato

300

180

Brinjal

Chilli

100

4.2

6.1

Sugarcane

2150

128

940

2.3

2.9

Cotton

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

m%.;sh

llaI oajhhla fj; .uka lsÍfuka ISRO ;j;a uxi,l=Kla

igyka lrh

tla ,s;a j¾Ihla ;=<§ ;u miafjks .uka jdrh;a igyka l< bkaÈhdfõ PSLV" úfoaY pkaøsld myla iu. pkaøsld wgla id¾:lj Èh;a lrkq ,enqfõh joka |

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

wfÊ f,f,a

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

2016 iema;eïn¾ 26 jk Èk bka§h wNHjldY isjqjk mshjf¾ PSLV tkaðka fol kej; mK m¾fhaIK ixúOdkh ^ISRO& id¾:lj my< .kajd ;;amr 20 la o,ajk ,§' fuh" hdkhg mDÓú llaIh fj; pkaøsld wgla Èh;a lrk ,§=' b,smaiSh llaIhlg we;=,a ùug bv ie,iQ PSLV C-35 fufyhqu wdldr lsysmhlska iqúfYaIS w;r ñks;a;= 50 lg wk;=rej PSLV ys isjqjk fjhs' th bkaÈhdfõ jeä jYfhkau úYajdih wÈhf¾§ ;;amr 20 la tys tkaðka kej; o,ajk ;eìh yels jev hka;%fha tkï O%eùh pkaøsld ,§' fojk oe,aùfuka miq b;sß pkaøsld y; Èh;a lsÍï hdkfha ^PSLV& úYajikSh;ajh ksjerÈ llaIhg f.k hd yels úh' ;yjqre lf<ah' fuh PSLV ys 36 fjks id¾:l SCATSAT-1 jQ l,S ld,.=K úoHd;aul wLKav Èh;a lsÍuhs' tfukau fuu fufyhqu pkaøsldjka ksmoùfï bka§h jHdhdufha ;=<ska m%Odk bka§h ld,.=K pkaøsldjo tla m%;sM,hls' fuu pkaøsldj bkaÈhdfõ wNHjldYhg hjk ,§' fuu fufyhqu;a iu. ld,.=K mqfrdal:k fiajdjka i|yd iyh ISRO úiska m%:u jrg ;ks W;aidyhl§ llaI olajkq we;s w;ru mj;sk iq<s iq<x y÷kd. folla ;=< pkaøsld ia:dk.; lf<ah' ;ks ekSfï fiajd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍugo odhl fjkq fufyhqul§ fjkia llaIhka foll pkaøsld we;' 2009 jif¾§ Èh;a l< jir myla Èh;a lsÍfï yelshdj mj;skafka mqrd ie,iqï l< Oceansat-2 f,dj rgj,a lsysmhlg mu‚' pkaøsldfõ wkqm%dma;slhla uE; ld,fha§" tlaiamSßhka hQkshka f,io fuh ie,lsh yelsh' fuu fufyhqu;a ys fõ.d Èh;a lsÍu ;=< fuu SCATSAT-1 ys jeä ÈhqKq lr iu. ISRO úiska m% : u jrg ;ks yelshdj fmkajk ,§' we;s yelshdj fya;=fjka" jvd jeä W;aidyhl§ llaI PSLV C-35" O%eùh iQ¾h ksrjoH;djhlska hq;a o;a; ,nd.; folla ;=< pkaøsld iuuqyq¾;l llaIh ;=<g (Polar yels fjk njg wfmalaId flf¾' ia : dk.; lf<a h ' SSO) ls.%E 371 l ld,.=K fuu fufyhqu ;=< ;j;a pkaøsldjla (SCATSAT-1) lsó 720 bka§h uqødj iys; pkaøsld l Wkak;dxYhlska Èh;a lrk ,§' iïu; PSLV folla iukaú; úh" tajd kï PISAT yd úkHdilrKhg wkQj Èh;a lsÍfuka ñks;a;= PRATHAM h' tajd wOHdmk wdh;k u.ska 17 lg miq fuu pkaøsldj llaIh fj; uqod ixj¾Okh l< pkaøsldjka fõ' wfkl=;a yßk ,§' fuys§ ISRO úoHd{hkag ;snQ i;H pkaøsld jQfha we,aÔßhdfõ jd‚cuh pkaøsld ;dlaI‚l wNsfhda.h jQfha b;sß pkaøsld i; folla ^ ALSAT-1B, 2B yd 1N& iy lekvdfõ fjkia llaIhka fj; ksjerÈj ia:dk.; lsÍu ^NLS-19& yd tlai;a ckmofha ^Pathfinder-1& ;yjqre lsÍuhs' fuh ISRO úiska isÿ lrk ,o jd‚cuh pkaøsldh' §¾>;u fufyhqu jk fuh meh 2 yd ñks;a;= fuu fufyhqfï jeo.;au me;slvh jQfha 15 la mej;s‚' PSLV Èh;alrkfha wjika yd pkaøsld ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd úYaj úoHd, isjqjk mshjr jQfha wjYH ld¾hh isÿ lsÍu jQ isiqkag l< Èß.ekaùuhs' miq.sh jir lsysmh w;r m%Odk wNsfhda.h jQfha o< jYfhka meh ;=< ISRO úiska ;u wNHjldY jevigyka foll ld,hla ;=< tkaðu fojrla l%shd úrys; iu. iyNd.S ùug isiqkag Èß fokq ,nhs' 2009 lr kej; mK .ekaùuh' isjqjk mshjr iu. isg" ISRO YsIH pkaøsld kjhla Èh;a lr we;s SCATSAT-1 pkaøsldj llaIh ;=< ia:dk.; w;r" ie,iqï lsÍug" ksueùug yd mÍlaIKhka flß‚' miqj" meh 1 la yd ñks;a;= 5 lg miqj lsÍug YsIH m%cdjg wjYH ud¾f.damfoaYh

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

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m%.;sh

,ndfohs' tys§ pkaøsldj i;H f,i ie,iqï IIT-B ys YsIHfhda Tjqkaf.a fuu isyskh ienE lsÍu" ksueùu yd bÈ lsÍu isÿ l< hq;af;a lr.ekSu i|yd fndfyda fjfyi uykais jQy' YsIHhka úisks' ks¾udK fïifha isg i;H Èh;a lsÍu olajd fuu oYlhla muK ld,hla .; lr ta;a;= ld¾hh ksu lsÍug Wmdê mdGud,d lKavdhï .ekaùï" ixl,amlrKhka" ie,iqï y;la yd jir wgla .; úh' lsÍï" bf.kSï" w;ayod ne,Sï" uQ,sl úu¾Ylhd ^PI& jYfhka ks¾udKh lsÍï yd ksIamdokhka YsIHfhda m%cdj l%shd;aul jQ w;r" 2009 jif¾ isg ISRO úis k a fndïfíys ;dlaIKh ms<sn| YsIH lKavdhï lsysmhlau ;uka YsIH‍ pkaøsld bka§h wdh;kfha ^IIT-B& YsIHhka tu mdGud,dj ksu lr msgfjk kjhla Èh;a úiska isÿ lr ksmojQ tjka tla — úg l%udkql+,j ;u ksmehqu lr we; ksIamdokhla˜‍ jkafka m%;dï h' B<Õ lKavdhug Ndr §ug j. ls.%E 10 la jQ laIqø pkaøsldj n,d .;ay' ks¾udKh lrkq ,enQfha lsó 1 X lsó 1 fuu IIT-B pkaøsldj whk f.da,fha msysàï cd, úfNaokhlska whk f.da,fha bf,lafg%dak m%udKh .Kkh lrk neúka" th mQ¾K bf,lafg%dak m%udKh uekSu ms‚ih' iqkdñ y÷kd.ekSug" ikaksfõok fodaI wvq fuu pkaøsldj ixj¾Okh lrkq ,enQfha lsÍug yd GPS l%uh i|yd jk bka§h úl,amh remsh,a fldaá 1'5 l o< whjehl msysgd isgh' jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug bjy,a fjkq we;'

SCATSAT-1 wNHjldY hdkh WIaK;aj M,l w¾O folla iu. PSLV-C35 iu. tlg tla lrkq ,eîh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

PSLV C-35 úiska /f.k .sh wfkl=;a iu u.S pkaøsldj jQfha PISAT h' th ksmojkq ,enQfha fnx.d¨‍reys PES úYaj úoHd,fha YsIHhkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhks' fuu ls.%E 5'25 lska hq;a ÿria: ixfõol iys; kefkda pkaøsldj bkaÈhdj kdNs.; lrñka mDÓúfha PdhdrEm .kq we;' thg wlaI ;=klska hq;a ia:dhSlrK moaO;shla we;s w;r ¥rudkl yd ¥r úOdk moaO;shlao iys;j fuu pkaøsldj mYapd;a pkaøsld Èh;a lsÍu kv;a;= lsÍug Wmldr lrkq we;' PSLV C-35 Èh;a lsÍu kej; jrla ISRO ys kfjHda;amdol .=Kh ikd: lr olajk w;r bka§h wNHjldY ksfhdað;dh;kh ksrka;rj ;u wNHjldY yd iïnkaO kHdh m;%h ;=< iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh ms<sn| wjOdkh mj;ajd.ekSfï,d W;aiy orhs' tfukau oeka isák frdlÜ úoHd{hka lKavdhfï oekqu wkd.; fufyhqï isÿ lrk ;reK mrïmrdj fj; f.k hdu ;yjqre lsÍu ms‚i th oeka lghq;= lrñka isà=' cx.u fiajd l=¿K iu. mQ¾K f,i tlg tla jQ PSLV-C35 kj;k wka;h fj; hjk ,§

ISRO úiska llaIfha ia:dk.; lrk ,o bka§h YsIH pkaøsldjka Sl. No.

Mass (kg)

Date

Name

Student Group

April 20, 2009

ANUSAT

July 12, 2010

STUDSAT

LESS THAN 1

April 20, 2011

YOUTHSAT

October 12, 2011

SRMSAT

10.9

October 12, 2011

JUGNU

June 22, 2016

SATHYABAMASAT

June 22, 2016

SWAYAM

College of Engineering, Pune

September 26, 2016

PISAT

PESIT and consortium of colleges

September 26, 2016

PRATHAM

MIT Chennai 7 engineering college consortium

Indian and Russian universities SRM University, Chennai IIT-Kanpur

1.5

Sathyabama University, Chennai

10.15

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

IIT-Bombay

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

m%.;sh

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

mqyqKq ñksia n,fha uOHia:dkh

fjk bkaÈhdj

ials,a bkaähd jevigyk Èh;a lsÍu;a iu.u mqyqKq úYaj úoHd," wdh;k yd mdi,a .Kkdjla Wmßu ;reKhka ixLHdjla n|jd.ekSu i|yd rch iu. w;aje,a ne| isà joka |

wlkalaId chska

~ials,a bkaähd| jevigyk Èh;a lr jirla .; jQ miqj;a ;reKhka i;= yelshdjka Tiafia Ôjfkdamdhla iß lr.ksñka wNsudkfhka hq;=j Ôj;a ùug Tjqka mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd wjYH oE rch úiska imhkq ,nhs' ó<Õ oYlh ;=< mqyqKq Y%uh iu.ska fldaá mylaj;a jk w;sßla; ñksia n,hla ckkh lsÍu i|yd jk b,lalh iu.ska bkaÈhdjg f.da,Sh wNsfhda.hka ch.ekSug yels jkq we;' bkaÈhdj ;=< úêu;a mqyqKqj ,nk Y%u n,ldh tlai;a rdcOdkshg ^ishhg 68 la jk& yd tlai;a ckmohg ^ishhg 80la jk& yd ikaikaokh lrk úg ishhg 2'3 l muK u| w.hla f,i ;lafiare lr we;' ials,a bkaähd jevigyk Èh;a lsÍu;a iu.u mqyqKq úYaj úoHd," wdh;k yd mdi,a .Kkdjla rg mqrd ìysj we;s w;r Wmßu ;reKhka ixLHdjla n|jd.ekSu i|yd rch iu. w;aje,a ne| isà' fuf;la ,laI 55 la olajd ck;djla

mqyqKqj ,nd we;s w;r ,laI 23 la /lshdfõ kshq;=j isà’ miq.sh jir mqrd mqyqKq uOHia:dk ixLHdj 3"000 la miq lr we;s w;r rch mqyqKq yjq,alrejka 250 la iu. iïnkaO ù we;' fuu jHdmdrfha oelau jkafka jir 2022 jk úg fldaá 40 la jk ck;djla úúO jQ yelshdjkaf.ka mqyqKq lsÍuhs' —‍ials,a bkaähd˜‍ jevigyk" mqyqKq ùu wfmalaId lrk ish¿ fokd yg äðg,a idlaIr;djh ms<sn| uQ,sl oekqu ,nd § tu ÿ¾j,;djh u. yerùug lghq;= lrkq ,nhs' fjí ms<sn|j mqyqKq lsÍfï wjia:djka ;=< cx.u fhÿula Tiafia ;u yelshdjka mqreÿ mqyqKq lr.ekSfï bvlvo újr lr fokq ,efí' 2016 cQ,s udih jk úg fuu jevigykg wjqreoaola iïmQ¾K fjk w;r fuu uQ,drïNfha m<uq ixj;airfha§ yelshd ixj¾Okh yd jHjidhl;aj ^iajdëk& ms<sn| rdcH wud;H rÔõ m%;dma rEä úiska w.ue;s kf¾kø fudaÈ

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

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m%.;sh

ckdêm;s m%kdí uqL¾Ô, tï fjkalhshd kdhsÿ, iaïß;s brdks, m%ldYa cjoald¾, ðf;akaø isx yd rÔõ m%;dma rEä hk wud;Hjreka iu., —‍bkaähd ials,aia˜‍ ys m<uq ixialrKh Èh;a lsÍfï§

úiska fokq ,enQ fmdfrdkaÿj Yla;su;a lf<ah' kj È,a,sfha mej;s W;aijhl§ ckdêm;s m%kdí uqL¾Ô bÈßfha§ rEä úiska my; jevigyk úia;r lrkq ,enqfõh'

m%Odka uka;%S fl!Y,a úldia fhdackd-2

úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrkq we;' tfukau .,a*a rgj,aj," hqfrdamfha yd fjk;a úfoaY rgj, / lshdjka i|yd jk cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska wkQj yelshd mqyqKq lsÍu isÿ fjkq we;' by< b,a¨‍ula iys; / lshdjka i|yd mqyqKqj ,nk YsIHhkag YsIH;aj ,nd fokq ,efí'

2016 cQ,s 18 jkod jk úg ,shdmÈxÑ jQ ,laI 18 la bkaÈhdfõ cd;Hka;r yelshd w;=ßka ,laI 17'93 l wfmalaIlhka uOHia:dk ixLHdjla mqyqKq lrk ,§' 2015 —‍ials,a bkaähd˜‍ jevigyfka m<uq PMKVY hgf;a jif¾§ ó<Õ jir ;=< yelshd mqyqKq ixj;airfha§ bkaÈhdkq cd;Hka;r by< b,a¨‍u lsÍu hgf;a mqoa.,hka ,laI 24 la yelshd uOHia:dk 50 la 2016 jir mj;s k /ls h d ^fmr bf.kqï iys;j isák ,laI 10 wjika ùug fmr újD; lsÍu i|yd mqyqKqj we;=¿j& wdjrKh lsÍfï b,lalhla ksfõokh flß‚' m<uq wÈhr ;=<§ ,nk YsIHhkag iys;j remsh,a fldaá 1"500 l úhoula ckdêm;s uqL¾Ô úiska uOHia:dk15 YsIH;aj iys; úh' fuu jif¾§ w.ue;s la újD; lrk ,§' fuh cd;sl ,efnkq we;’ kf¾kaø fudaÈ úiska ó<Õ jir y;r yelshd ixj¾Ok ixia:dj (NSDC) ^2016-2020& ;=< fldaá tll mqoa.,hka u.ska ielfikq we;s w;r /lshd ixLHdjla yg mqyqKqj ,nd§u i|yd fldaá 12"000 i|yd f.da,Sh ixp,khka wfmalaId lrk ;reK l úhoula iys;j m%Odka uka;%S fl!Y,a úldia ;re‚hka i|yd m%Odka uka;%S fl!Y,a úldia fhdackd wkqu; lrkq ,enqfõh' fuu fhdackdj fhdackd ^PMKVY& yd m%jdis fl!Y,a úldia hgf;a ;reKhka ,laI 60 lg wêl m%udKhla fhdackd ^PKVY& l%shd;aul flfrkq we;' m<uq mqyqKqj ,nkq we;s w;r cd;sl yelshd iqÿiqlï uOHia:dk 15 l%shd;aul fjkq we;af;a W;a;¾ rduqj (NSQF) yd iïnkaê; ld¾ñl m%ñ;Ska m%foaYa" flar<" cd¾Ldkao" ìyd¾" wdkaød m%foaYa" u; mokïj yelshd mqyqKqj ,ndfokq we;' Èß f;,ka.kd" ngysr fnx.d,h" uydrdIag%h" mkacdnh §ukd iys;j mqyqKqjkakka ia:dk.; lsÍu fj; yd rdcia:dkhhs'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

bkaÈhd ials,aia Tka,hska 2017 jif¾È wnqvdìfha§ meje;a ùug kshñ; oaújd¾Isl f,dal yelshd ms<sn| cd;Hka;r ;r.h i|yd fyd|u yelshdj f;dard .kq jia yelshd ixj¾Ok y jHjidhl;aj wud;HdxYh ^MSDE& iy NSDC úiska mj;ajk bkaähd ials,aia Tka,hska kï jQ cd;sl ;r.h ckdêm;s uqL¾Ô w;ska wdrïN flß‚'

ksfhdað;dh;kh" cd;sl LMIS ixj¾Okfha ,d jk uQ,sl wdh;khhs'

cd;sl wdOqksl;aj m%j¾Ok jevigyk

fuu Wkak;sldó fhdackdfjys msßjeh remsh,a fldaá 10"000 la jk w;r 2019-20 jk úg wdOqkslhka ,laI 50 la mqyqKq lsÍfï b,lalh iys; fjhs' fuu cd;sl wdOqksl;aj fhdackdj l%shd;aul lrkq ,nkafka cd;sl Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%j¾Ok fhdackdj MSDE hgf;a mqyqKq lsÍï ms<sn| f;dr;=re moaO;sh (LMIS) úis k a jir 2020 wOHlaI ckrd,ajrhd úisks' tu.ska fuh bka§h yelshd ixj¾Ok mßir jk úg ,laI wdOqkslhka iïnkaO lr.ekSfï ,d moaO;sh ;=< jk b,a¨‍ï yd iemhqï 50 l ;reKhka fiajHhka Èß.kajkq ,nhs' mqyqKq m%jK;djhka iuQykh i|yd jk ixLhdjla i|yd ñksia n,hla f.dv ke.Sfï,d we;s ;ks ljq¿jls' fuh jQ l,S f.da,Sh mqyqKqj ,nd §ug ud¾.hka w;=ßka wdOqksl;aj mqyqKqj m%ñ;Ska yd fyd|u mßphka wkQj wfmalaId flf¾’ jvd M,odhS f,i ie,fl' fuu.ska Y%u fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re ksmehSu 2015 jif¾ cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh ;=< i|yd ie,iqï l< wdh;ksl olajd we;s wruqKq ch .ekSfï,d b,lal flf¾' ixúOdk" mámdàka" hdka;%Khka yd o;a; moaO;s 2020 jir jk úg MSME o we;=¿j wjia:djka 20 j, wkql,khls' LMIS ;=<ska" Y%u fjf<|fmd< .=Khlska jeä lsÍu i|yd fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ms<sn| ixLHdkuh yd ixLHdkuh fkdjk fhdackd flf¾' f;dr;=re ckkh flf¾' cd;sl yelshd ixj¾Ok

f,dal ;reK yelshd Èkfha§ ckdêm;s m%kdí uqL¾Ô wud;Hjreka iu. m%ldYkh ksl=;a lrñka

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Pdhd rE

úYsIag .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh

ms<sn| l:djla

lcqrdfyda yS w;s iqkaor jQ uOH;k iaudrlhka" tajdfha ixlS¾K jQ leghï yd ird.S uQ¾;s ksid iqm%isoaO fõ

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

uOH m%foaYa ys l=vd k.rhla jk lcqrdfyda jQ l,S ishqï jQ mqoìï l,dj ksid f,dj mqrd mrisÿj we;s jvd;au ckm%sh ixpdrl wdl¾IKhkaf.ka tlls' l%sj 900 yd 1130 w;r ld,fha§ pkafv,d md,lhka úiska bÈlrk ,o lcqrdfyda mqo ìï" wdYdj" ird.S nj" k¾;kh" ix.S;h yd fjk;a jQ wdYdjka ms<sìUq lrk" ks¾udKd;aul" iqúi,a jQ yd ixlS¾K uQ¾;s ksid m%isoaO ù we;' lcqrdfyda iaudrlhka úúO mqoa.,hkaf.a Ôú;o úoyd olajhs' fuu hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreu N+ñfha we;s mqoìï iuQyhka ;=klg fnod olajkq ,efí - ngysr iuQyh" kef.kysr iuQyh yd olaIsK iuQyh jYfhks- fïjd" yskaÿ yd ffck hk wd.ï folg wh;a fõ' mQcHia:dk 80 lg jvd pkafv,d md,lhka úiska bÈ lrkq ,enQjo" tajdhska wo iqrlaIs;j mj;skafka 20 la mu‚'fuu mQcHia:dkj, nrd|hka Tiafia weúo f.dia ruŒh w;aoelSula ú|.kak'

Khajuraho

Map not to scale

Madhya pradesh

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Pdhd rE

lkavdßhd uydfoaõ foajia:dkh lcqrdfyda ys we;s úYd,;u yd uyd¾>;u foajia:dkh jk fuu foajia:dkh fj; we;=¿ jk Tn úÑ;% f,i leghï lrk ,o ulr f;drKla miq lrkq we;' f,k ;=< uyd foúhd hk w¾:h iys; lkavdßhd uydfoaõ foajia:dkh bÈ lrkq ,en we;af;a l%smQ 1000 ld,fha§ pkafv,d rcq Ox.foaj úisks fuu foajia:dkh Ysj foú÷ka yg lem lr we;s w;r lsß.re~ Ysj ,sx.hla t;=< ;ekam;a lr ;sfí' fuys ndysr wdlD;sh mokï jkafka ffl,dYa lkao ixfla;j;a lrk m%Odk l=¿K u;hs' th l=vd fld;a 84 la u.ska jgù we;' fuu foajia:dkh w,xlD; leghï u.ska irid we;s w;r foúhka yd foaj;djka" jk i;=ka yd rK úrejka" ,,kdjka" k¾;k Ys,amSka" ix.S;fõ§ka fmkakqï lrk uQ¾;s yd ird.S fkreï uQ¾;s oelsh yelsh'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

,laIauK foajia:dkh

iu;, jy,hlska hq;a msúiqï oajdr uKavmhla we;' fuu f.dvke.s,af,a nr ;u Wrysia u;ska ord isák njla fmkajk" mokï fj;ska tî n,d isák w,shka fma<shla iys; tlu foajia:dkh ,laIauk foajia:dkhhs' wfkl=;a wk.s uQ¾;Ska w;r ix.S;{hka" w,xlD; wYajhka yd wYajdfrdaylhka iy rc ud,s. fha Ôú;h fmkajk uQ¾;s fjhs'

úIaKq foú÷kag lem lr we;s fuu foajia:dkh hfidaj¾uka rcqf.a rdcH ld,h ;=< bÈ lr we; ^l%sj 930-950&' fuys ysia ;=kla yd w;a i;rla we;s ffjl=ka; úIaKqf.a rEmhla we;s w;r ndysr ì;a;sh foúhka 600 l rEmj,ska iukaú; h' k.r .Dyks¾udK ffY,sfhka ksujd we;s fuu foajia:dkhg foõ ue÷rla yd

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Pdhd rE

foaú c.oïì foajia:dkh fuh uq,ald,Skj úIaKq foúhkag lem lr ;snqKo miqj fuu ku ;enQfha tys ;ekam;a lr we;s md¾j;S foaúhf.a ms<srej ksidh' fuu w,xldr foajia:dkh ;=< úYd, jYfhka ird.S leghï" iqkaor m%;sudjka" úIaKq foúhkaf.a iy Tyqf.a úúO rEmdldrhkaf.a rEm iys; ixlS¾K

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

leghï mqjre oelsh yelsh' Wia jQ fõÈldjla u; we;s fuu foajia:dkh fldgia ;=klska ksujd we;s w;r ilauka u¿jla rys; mqoiqkla" jdy,alvla" uyd uKavmhla yd m%fõY oajdr uKavmhla we;' wx. rd. fhdokd yd i;=gq fjk ldka;d rEm iy wdorfha ish¿ ufkdaNdjhka fmkajk ÈjH hqj,j,a fuys we;s ukyr uQ¾;s w;r lsysmhls'

wdÈkd;a foajia:dkh

iys;j b;sßj ;snqKo fuu foajia:dk jHqyhka u; úúO jQ bßhõj,ska hq;a ukn¢kd ÈjH wmairdjka yd hlaIs oelsh yelsh' ldka;djkaf.a úúO wdldrhka tkï kdhsld" ldñks yd Ndñks o fuys b;d uyd¾> f,i olajd we;'

pkafv,d rdcjxYfha uokj¾uka rcqf.a md,k ld,h ;=< 1207 j¾Ifha ,shjqKq Ys,d ,smshla iys; uQ¾;shla we;s l=vd w,xldr foõ ueÿrls' fï jk úg mqoiqk yd jdy,alv muKla tys jy,aj,a

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Pdhd rE

md¾iajkd;a foajia:dkh lcqrdfyda ys we;s úYd,;u ffck foajia:dkh jk fuh .Dy ks¾udKd;aul úYauhls' md¾iajkd;a foajia:dkh bÈ lr we;af;a 10 jk ishjfia ueo Nd.fha jk w;r m<uq ;S¾;kdldr yd ffckjdofha wdrïNl wdÈkd;a fj; lem lr we;'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

flfia fj;;a" 1860 § md¾iajkd;af.a ms<suhla fuys ia:dmkh lrk ,o w;r bkamiq tu kñka ye¢kaùh' msg; ì;a;sh" w,shka" isxyhka" iuqø wmairdjka yd tÈfkod Ôú;fha l%shdldrlï fukau ÈjH ,,kdjkaf.ka hqla; rEm u.ska w,xldr lr we;'

p;=¾N+Ê foajia:dkh lcqrdfyda iaudrl iuQyfha lsisÿ ird.S uQ¾;shla fkdue;s tlu foajia:dkh jk fuh úIaKq foúhkag lem lr we;' tys mqoiqk u; w;a i;rlska hq;a úIaKq foúhkaf.a ó 2'7 l ms<suhla we;s w;r foajia:dkh isxyhka" w¾O ÈjH yd ÈjH rEmj,ska w,xldr lr we;' jvd;au jeo.;a uQ¾;Ska jkafka w¾OkdÍiajr ^w¾Ohla Ysj yd ;j;a w¾Ohla md¾j;S jk& uQ¾;sh yd krisïyf.a j,a,N ia;%S uQ¾;shhs' fuu foajia:dkfha jHqyh l%sj 1100 bÈ lr we;s w;r pkafv,d rc hfidaj¾uka úiska lrjk ,oaols'

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l,dj

fvlEkfha

Ôjkd,sh

úúO jQ j¾Khkaf.ka hq;=j f,dõ mqrd is;a;reka ;ju;a lvodis u; l:dkaor w¢k neúka f.dkaâ kï f.da;%sl Ñ;% l,djo f,dj mqrd j¾Okh fjñka hhs

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

joka |

uxcÍ uqL¾Ô

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

fÊ iajdñkdoka l,dlrejd úiska uOH m%foaYfha mgka.d¾ya kï .%dufhys úiQ 17 yeúßÈ cka.d¾ya isx kue;s olaI ;reKhd fidhd fkd.kakg f.dkaâ l,dfõ b;sydih fjkia udkhla fkd.ekSug bv ;sì‚' tfukau bkaÈhdj ;=< ñhefoñka mj;sk fndfyda jQ foaYSh l,d ffY,Ska w;rg f.dkaâ l,djo tla fjkakg bv ;sì‚' cka.d¾ya f.a id¾:l;ajfha ryi jkafka Tyqf.a olaI;djh yd .eUqre l,d;aul oDIaáh muKla fkdj idïm%odhsl uQ,hka yd iuld,Sk wdNdih w;r we;s mßmQ¾K jQ iu;=,s;;djhh' i;H jYfhkau lvodis yd lekajih ;u Ñ;% i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.;a m<uq f.dkaâ Ñ;% Ys,amshd YHdï f,i ie,fla' Tyqf.a olaI;djh yd oDIaáh fl;rï me;sÍ mj;skafkao h;a Tyq blau‚ka bkaÈhdj ;=< wNsuqL msgqj( mer‚ hq.fha lDIsl¾uh ms<sn|j f.kyer mdk f.dkaâ is;=jula iy muKla fkdj cd;Hka;r W;aijj,§o by<( lekajihla u; we¢ .ul o¾Ykhla we.hSug ,la jQfõh' NÊcq YHdï" ì¾nd,a isx Whsls yd ÿ¾.d ndhs jeks wfkla f.dkaâ l,dlrejkao ;ukagu úfYaI jQ wjldYhka ;=< bv yir idod .ksñka fuu iajNdúl jia;+ka lemS fmfkh' f.dkaâ cd;Hka;r f.!rjh ,ndf.k we;' m%cdj ;=< mj;sk fmdÿ úYajdihla jkafka hym;a wdrïNl Èkh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s Èkhla i|yka m%;srEmh jdikdj f.k tk njhs" fuh m%cdfõ l< fkdyels jqjo f.dkaâ m%cdfõ ksjdi ;=< oDYHudk fõ' §ma;su;a f,i uQ,hka mQ¾j wd¾h hq.h olajd Èfõ' ;ska; wdf,am lrk ,o ì;a;s" cfka, f.dkaâ is;=jï" ñ,shk kjhl ck;djf.ka ieÿï yd f.ìu u; idïm%odhsl whslkhka Ydl" i;=ka ,;a fuu f.da;%h" bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u yd leghï f.dkaâ ksjdi ;=< nyq,j yd mla I S k a f.da;%sl m%cdj f,i ie,flk w;r oelsh yelsh' jeks iajNdúl fvlEka w¾Ooaùmhg wh;a fjh' ishjia idïm%odhslj mQclhka f,i fiajh jia;+kaf.ka .Kkdjla mqrd f.dkaoa m%cdj wdkaød‍ l< md¾Oka f.dkaâjre tu m%cdj wkqm%dKh ,nhs m%foaYa" uydrdIag%" uOH m%foaYa" cd¾Lkaoa ;=< by< ;;a;ajfha ,d ie,flk yd T§Ih ;=< Ôj;a fõ' w;r Tjqyq is;=jï l,dj fukau fidnd oyug oeä f,i ne£ isák f.dkaâjre" ix.S;hgo ksmqKfhda jQy' 1980 uq,a Nd.fha§" Ydl" i;aj yd mlaIS úfYaIhka iïnkaO lrf.k md¾Oka f.dkaâjre lsysm fofkla ;u pdß;%hka ;u l:dkaor lshd mEy' Tjqkaf.a oDYH l,dj ;=< mßj¾;khlg ,la lrñka ;u oDYH l,dj kj

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l,dj

rij;a lreKq fNdamd,fha Ndr;a Njka ys m%Odk ihkd.drh Ñ;%Kh lr we;af;a cka.d¾ya isx YHdï úiska jk w;r nrdäfhda kï f.dkaâ foaj;dúh tys§ Ñ;%Kh flf¾' Tyq uOH m%foaYa ys úOka iNd we;=<;o is;=jï lr we;s w;r fNdamd,fha b;d ir, f,i Èúf.jñka isáfha jQjo tys is;=jï we¢u fjkqfjka Tyqg ,enqKq remsh,a ,laI 7" ;u l,d i.hka iy .fï ñksiqka w;r fnod fokq ,eîh' is;=jï i|yd iqÿiq f,i ì;a;s u;=msg ieliSu i|yd msfvda¾ f,i ye¢kafjk úfYaI mia j¾.hla Ndú;d lrkq ,nh' th m%dfoaYShj fnfyúka we;s fkdñf,a ,nd.; yels mia j¾.hls' f.da,ShlrKh;a iu. f.dkaâ is;=jï fjf<| NdKavhla njgo m;aj we;s w;r l=Ika ljr" oej nkafoais yd we÷ï hkdÈh i|ydo fhdod .efk" fu;=<ska fuu l,d ffY,sh ckhd w;r ckm%sh ù we;'

uOH m%foaYfha f.dkaâ m%cdj úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o f.da;%sl Ñ;%hla

rEmsl yd wdLHdkuh iïm%odhla fj; f.k ffY,shlsk' j¾;udkfha§ f.dkaâ is;=jï hñka lekajia iy wel%s,sla fukau lvodis yd tajdfha Wiia jQ úia;rd;aul nj” §ma;su;a j¾K" ;Ska; jeks kùk udOHhka Ndú;d lsÍu wdrïN .s,ajQ .=ma; Ndjh yd ydiHckl Ndjh úoyd l<y' iuld,Sk f.dkaâ l,dlrefjda ;u l,d we;s wdldrh hkdÈh ksid m%isoaO ù we;' flfia lD;s i|yd kQ;k wuqøjH yd fj;;a fuu f.da;%sl l,djka l%uhka Ndú;d lsÍu wdrïN l,a bl=;aj f.dia we;' j¾;udkfha§ f.dkaâ l<d muKla fkdj ;u bmer‚ f.dkaâ l,dfõ oelsh yels is;=jï tajdfha Wiia iïm%odhka yd ffY,Ska /l wdl¾IŒhu ,laIKhla jkafka jQ úia;rd;aul nj" .ksñka iuld,Sk o¾Ykhka tajd ks¾udKhg wjYH fuj,ï §ma;su;a j¾K yd biau;= lr oelajQy' fukau l,d lD;sh ;=< .eíjQ ydiHckl Ndjh úoyd fuu ukn¢kd oDYHuh ir, Ndjhh' f.dkaâ is;=jula we;s wdldrh hkdÈh wdLHdkhka úúO jQ f;aud yd ksu lsÍug wjYH jkafka ksid m%isoaO ù we; l:djka f.k yer olajh' ñ:Hd uQ,sl j¾K iu. lekajihla, l:d" uqL mrïmrd.; b;sydi frÈ lene,a,la fyda m%ia;dr l:d" idïm%odhsl .S;" iajNdúl fi!kao¾h h" fld<hla mu‚' m<uqj l,dlrejd hï f;audjla jeo.;a wjia:d yd pdß;%hka hkdÈh f.dkaâ fyda ir, ud;Dldjla ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq l,dlrejka f.kyer mdkafka buy;a jQ lr is;=ju we£u wdrïN lrh' tfy;a tajdfha ksmqK;ajfhka hqla; l%u Ys,am yd .eUqre ir, nj r|d mj;skafka tys we;s mqÿu iy.;

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idïm%odhsl f.dkaâ is;=jula

ixlS¾K;ajh fukau ie,ls,a, u;uh' f.dkaâ jQ l,d wkkH;djhka f.dv k.df.k we;' is;=jïj, oelsh yels ;j;a úfYaI;ajhla f.dkaâ Ñ;%hla oyia .Kkl isg ,laI lsysmhla jkafka f¾Ld yd ;s;a Ndú;d lsÍfï l%uhh' olajd jk f;la jQ ñ,lg úls‚h yelsh' fuu f¾Ld yd ;s;a lekajih wo jk f;la f.dkaâ l,dj u; .;sl;ajhla yd p,khla jvd;au ft;sydisl jQ tfukau we;s lrk w;r n,kakdf.a iuld,Sk jQ bka§h oDYH l,d bka§h b;sydifha wjOdkh laI‚lj meyer ;Hd. iïm%odh f,i mj;' fldgila njg hla fuu is;=jï fndfyda úg fndfyda bka§h m;aj we;s fuu idïm%odhsl f.da;%sl w¢kq ,nkafka ueá ì;a;s u;h' f.da;%sl l,d lD;s l,d ffY,sh iajNdúl j¾Kj, ixfhda.hka i|yd kùlrKhka f.da , S h m% j K;d .kq ,nkafka oej wÕ=‍re" Ydl idr" yd iydhka wjYH iu. ixfhda. r;= mia" fld< yd f.du hkd§ jQ jk kuq;a f.dkaâ fjñka we; iajNdúl øjHhkaf.k'’ l,dj iuld,Sk kQ;k hq.h ;=< f.dkaâ Ñ;% ld,h ;=< ;u j¾;udk f.da,Sh m%jK;d iu.; uqyq jk neúka meje;au ;yjqre lrf.k we;s w;r fmdfydi;a jQ bka§h idïm%odhsl b;sydifhau tu m%cdjkaf.a Ôjk rgdj ;=< fldgila f,i ie,fla' f.dkaâ l,dlrefjda jeo.;a wx.hla fukau Tjqkaf.a f.da,Sh l,d fjf<|fmd< ;=< ;ukagu úfYaI Ôjkd,sh njg m;aj we;'

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fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

i;H úrefjda frjdß jdIamn, ÿïßh wx.kh" jir .Kkla wl%shj mej;s ÿïßh kej; mK .kajñka bkaÈhdfõ m%isoaO ÿïßh Wreuh ixrlaIKh lrhs joka |

wñ;a mrYd¾a

iq,a;dka" .dkaê uhs *do¾" marlKdhï" fmd¾kdí" N.a ñ,aLd N.a" cdksid¾" lS wekaâ ld hkd§ jQ Ñ;%mg yryd ß§ ;srfha wm Tjqka oel ;sfí' ke;" wm l:d lrkqfha l,d lrejka ms<sn|j fkdfõ' wm fuys§ l:d lrkafka tu Ñ;%mgj, jeo.;a fldgila jk ÿïßh ms<sn|jhs' oeka" È,a,sfha isg lsó 100 lg muK tmsáka we;s frjdß jdIam ÿïßh wx.kfha wmg fuu iqkaoßhka oelsh yelsh'

ixLHdjla fuu wx.kfha fiajh lrhs' Tjqka tkaðka fldgia msßisÿ lsÍu" fndhs,r kej; mqrjd oyk fmÜá fj;ska wÕ=‍re bj;a lsÍu hkd§ jQ fndfyda ld¾hhka isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fndhs,r yqjudrej isÿ lsÍfuka miq f*hß laùka Odjkh i|yd iQodkï h' 1855 § ksmojk ,o f*hß laùka f,dj mj;sk mer‚;u l%shd;aul ÿïßhhs' 1996 § th iïmQ¾Kfhka w¿;ajeähd lrk ,o w;r 1997 § jd‚cuh Odjkh wdrïN lrk ,§' f,dj mj;sk w;S;fhka iq<Õla ixpdrlhka w;r buy;a ckm%sh mer‚;u fuu jdIam tkaðka Odjk ;;a;ajfha f*hß laùka" tla /hla yd Èk l%shdldÍ jdIam ÿïßh jk f*hß ;nd.ekSug oeßh hq;a W;aidyhka folla mqrd Èfjk .uka jdrhla laùka oeka ms<sn|j .kam;a ^ÿïßh f*dauka& kï È,a,sfha isg w,ajd¾ fj; isÿ lrk Odjkfha fhfoa ÿïßh wx.k Ndrlre fufia mjihs' w;r ißiald fldá wNh N+ñh —‍wms mer‚ jdIam tkaðka /l n,d. wi, tla /hla .; lrhs' 1998 È" kakjd' frjdß lsx.a ^2151 YP&" iySí ^3415 YG&" .skia f,dal jd¾;d fmd; u.ska fuh f,dalfha iq,a;dka ^3438 YG&" iskaè ^4252 YG&" wka.doa mer‚;u l%shd;aul ÿïßh f,i iy;sl lrk ,§' ^3634 XE&" wland¾ ^7161 WP&" widoa ^7200 WP&" I¾-t- mkacdí ^15005 WL&" úrd;a ^22907 AWE& fuf,iu wland¾ yd widoa o Odjk ;;a;ajfha mj;S' 1930 ksmojk ,o wka.doa iy f*hß laùka ^EIR 22& hk ÿïßh ´kEu flfkl=g oelsh yelshs˜ rg ;=< l%shd;aul mer‚u jdIam tkaðu jk w;r È,a,Sfha cd;sl ÿïßh fl!;=ld.drfha fuu fhdaOhka kej; hym;a ;;a;ajhlg f.k taug fjfyfik ld¾ñlhka" ÿïßh msßisÿ isg frjdß fj; meñ‚fhah' uOH m%foaYa úÿ,s n, uKav,fha ;Hd.hla jk wka.doa wdudk lrkakka" fndhs,¾ idokakka hkd§ka úYd,

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Wreuh

tkaðu" iïmQ¾Kfhkau l%shd;aul jk ld,fha§ c,h ,Sg¾ 25"000 la yd .,a wÕ=‍re fgdka 18 la mßfNdackh lrk ,§'

b;sydih frjdß jdIam ÿïßh wx.kh 1893 § wdrïN jQ w;r fndïfí nefrdavd yd uOHu bka§h ÿïßh ^BB&CIR& hgf;a md,kh úh' frjdß blau‚kau wdudk ÿïßh ud¾.fha ld¾h nyq,;u ia:dkh njg m;a úh' fuu wx.kho kv;a;= ld¾h uKv,h 500 lska muK hqla;j bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u wdudk ÿïßh wx.kh njg m;a úh' ksoyig fmr hq.fha ;snQ iïNdrhka ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ke;;a 1980-82 ld,h ;=<§ MG ÿïßh 65 l iïNdrhla ;sì‚' tfukau frjdßys uqr jYfhka fiajh l< ßhÿrka 395 la isá w;r tneúka jeäu fiajd msßilska hqla; uOHia:dkhla njgo m;aúh' ishjila muK l%shdldÍj mej;s fuu wx.kh 1993 § jid oeñ‚' 1994 muK jk úg ÿïßh folla yer" tkï YG 3415 yd YG 3438 yer wfkla ÿïßh fldgiaj,g fjka lr wn,s øjH f,i úl=Kd ouk ,§' fuu wx.kh kej; lr<shg msúfikafka 1994 § frdah,a TßhkaÜ tlaiam%ia wdrïN ùu;a iu.h' jdIam ÿïßh folla È,a,s Ngl|jqre ÿïßh ia:dkfha isg frjdß olajd .uka lsÍug fhdod. kakd ,§' 2001 jif¾§" fuu wx.kh Wreu wx.khla njg m;a lsÍug fhdackd úh' fï jk úg frjdß fj; ;snQ fndfyda wdudk ÿïßh ud¾. mq¿,a ud¾. njg m;alr ;snQ w;r iuyr BG ÿïßho fuys ;eîug ie,iqï flß‚' fuu wruqK i|yd wx.kfha tla ud¾.hla mq¿,a ud¾. hla njg m;a flß‚' 2002 uehs ui§" frjdß wx.kh fj; meñ‚ m<uq ÿïßh f,i WP 7161 o bkamiq WP 7200 o <Õd úh'

kej; újD; lsÍu 2010 Tlaf;dan¾ 09 jk Èkd frjdß jdIam ÿïßh wx.kh kej; újD; flß‚' uyd mßudKj

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frjdß jdIam ÿïßh wx.kfha oiqkla

flreKq m%;sixialrKhka yd kùlrKhka ksjerÈ ;ek b,lal l< w;r wo tys m%;sM, ;=<ska fuu wx.kh kj Ôjhla ,oafoa úh' kj ieugu oelsh yelsj ;sfí' wjkay,la" l=vd mqia;ld,hla yd fl!;=ld.drhla thg tla lrk ,§' flfia fj;;a" 1893 olajd jk fi,a,ï ÿïßh ld,fha wx.kh ;=< mej;s .=Kh oekqÿ frjdß jdIam ÿïßh wx.kh oeka wdrlaId lr we;s w;r fuu ufyaYdLH fi,a,ï ÿïßhla Odjkh lsÍugo jQ ld, j¾K iqkaoßhka kej;;a mK ie,iqï lrñka isà' fuh fuu frjdß jdIam .ekaù we;' jif¾ Tlaf;dan¾ ÿïßh wx.kfha§ ,nk jif¾ fuu wx.kh wdl¾YkSh ixpdrl ui§ wdrïN lsÍug isg orejka ia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍfï fuu ie,iqï lr ;snqKo" i|yd fi,a,ï ld¾hfha f.!rjh ysñ úh hq;af;a jHdmD;sh m%udo jQ ÿïßhla wdrïN tjlg È,a,sfha m%dfoaYSh ÿïßh w;r ,nk jif¾ isg fjkq we; l<ukdlrej isá wYajks f,dydks fuu fi,a,ï ÿïßh gh' 2010 jif¾§ fuu wx.kh fj; Odjk fha fhfokq m<uqjrg meñ‚ Tyqg f;a fldamamhla ms<s.ekajQ we;' fuu Wreu N+ñh fj; jvd úg Tyq th m%;slafIam lrñka mjid we;af;a jeä ixpdrlhka msßila wdl¾IKh —‍fidfydkl ys|f.k ljqre;a f;a fndkafka kE' lr.ekSug yd myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq fï ÿïßh kej; Odjkh lruq" bkamiq fuys lsÍug ;j;a l%shdud¾.hka lsysmhla fNdack ix.%yhla ;shuq˜‍ hkqfjks' Tyqf.a jpk f.k we;'

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bka§h Wreuh

ieuÍu

lkaola we;=¿ kj ia:dk ;=kla f,dal Wreu N+ókaf.a ,ehsia;=jg tla ùu;a iu. bkaÈhdfõ Wreu N+ñka .Kk 35 olajd by< k.S joka |

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m%S;s mq,shkalfk,aa

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

fuu jir uq,§ UNESCO f,dal Wreu f,dj mqrd we;s Wreu N+óka ,ehsia;=.; lñgqj úiska f,dal Wreu N+ñkaf.a lsÍu yd wdrlaId lsÍfï jevigyk wdrïN ,ehsia;=jg ;j;a ia:dk jQfha 1972 UNESCO uy y;rla tla lrkq ,enqfõh' iuq¿j u.ska f,dal ixialD;sl f,dal Wreu N+ñ cQ,s ui mej;s lñgqfõ 40 yd iajNdúl Wreuhka wdrlaId ,ehs i a ; = j ;= < jk ieisfha§ wdrlaIs; ia:dk lsÍfï iïuq;shg t<öu;a b;sydih yd ,ehsia;=jg kd,kaod úYaj iu.h' jir 44 la mqrd rgj,a ixialD;sh wkQj úoHd, kgnqka" pkaä.d¾ya 192 la úiska iuq¿j l%shdjg jeo.;a ia:dk lemsg,a ixlS¾Kh yd islSï kexjQ w;r th jeä jYfhkau we;=<;a fõ ys lka.afpkaâfidka.d cd;sl wkq.ukh lrkq ,enQ Whk tla l< w;r f,dj úiska iïuq;sho ùh' ms<s.;a bka§h Wreu N+óka .Kk 35 olajd fuu .re lghq;= Wreu N+ñ ,ehsia;=jg <Õd úh' we;=<;a jkafka ft;sydisl" ixialD;sl yd

.Dy ks¾udK Ys,amS , flda¾nisfha úiska ie,iqï l< pkaä.d¾ uydêlrKh

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Wreuh

ju iy by<( mqrd;k u.O rdcOdksfha iqúi,a fn!oaO wdY%uh jk kd,kaofha kgnqka

f,dal Wreu ,ehsia;=jg wh;a bka§h N+ñkaj,g w.%d ys gÊ uy,a" yïms iaudrl" f.dafõ foajia:dk yd lkHdrdu" ngysr fnx.d,fha iqkao¾nka yd weiEufha lisrka.d cd;sl WoHdkho wh;a fõ'

kd,kaod úYajúoHd,fha kgnqka ìydrfha we;s kd,kaod N+ñfha l%smQ ;=kajk ishjig wh;a Ydia;%Sh yd wdY%ñl wdh;khl úoHd;aul jeo.;alulska hq;a ia:dk jk w;r mqrd úoHd;aul kgnqka oelsh yelsh' mÜkd udkj yd i;aj n,mEï isÿ fkdùug ffk;sl isg lsó 100 lg muK Tífnka msysgd we;s wdrlaIdj imhd § we;' wo jk kd,kaodj l%s’j’13 jk ishji jk úg" rgj,a 165 l f,dal Wreu f;lau bf.kqï uOHia:dkhla bka§h N+óka 1"052 la fuhg we;=<;a ù f,i mej;s‚' jir 800 lg Wmuyoaùmh ;=< we;s w;r thg ixialD;sl N+ñ 814¦ wêl ld,hla wLKavj oekqu we;s mq r dK;u iajNdúl N+ñ 203 la yd ñY% N+ñ iïfm%aIKh lsÍfï yd fnodyeÍfï úYaj úoHd,h ^iajNdúl yd ixialD;sl .=Kdx. N+ñldj oerE kd,kaodj bka§h jkafka kd,kaod hka foj.u fmkakqï lrk ia:dk& Wmuyoaùmfha mer';u úYaj úYaj úoHd,hh 35 la we;=<;a fõ' b;d,sh" Wreu úoHd,ho fjhs' N+ñ 51 la iys;j ,ehsia;=fõ UNESCO g wkQj" '‍fuu by<skau isák w;r bkamiq tys isákafka Ökh N+ñfha ft;sydisl ixj¾Okh" nqoaOd.u wd.ula ^50&" iamd[a[h ^45&" m%xYh ^42&" c¾uksh ^41& njg yd b;d jeo.;a wdY%ñl yd wOHdmksl yd bkaÈhdjhs' iïm%odhla njg ixj¾Okh jQ wdldrh lshdmdh’˜

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fuu mqrd;k úYaj úoHd,h ixialD;slj 19 jk ishjfia§ bka§h mqrdúoHd ñkqu u.ska ksoyialdó jQ .=ma; wêrdcHh hgf;a yd fuu m%foaYfha leŒï lghq;= lrk f;la lkafk!Ê wêrdc y¾I hgf;a§ jeã j¾Okh fuys jeä fldgila ieÕù mej;s‚' leŒfuka úh' th fl;rï Wiia yd f.!rj lghq;= u;=lr.;a ldis" ms<su yd fi,a ,sms úYaj ia:dkhla jQfhao h;a Ökh yd úoHd,fha §¾> yd fmdfydi;a jQ uOHu wdishdj we;=¿j fuu b;sydih ms<sn|j foia fohs' fu!¾h md,l l,dmfha isõ foiu isg úoaj;a;= úYaj úoHd,fha b;sßj we;s wfYdal rcq yd YsIHfhda ta fj; we§ wdy' nqÿ fldgi jkafka W;=re yd ol=Kq idßmq;a; rÿka fukau uydùro fndfyda foig wä 1"600 la yd kef.kysr f;reka l,la kd,kaofha .; lr we;s nj isg ngysrg wä 800 la muK fjkqfjka lshfõ' i;H jYfhkau nqoaOd.u m%udKhl' fuu N+ñh ;=< ia:Qm” mkai,la bÈ l< yd kd,kaodj w;r b;d Yla;su;a úydr" fkajdisl yd wOHdmksl njo lshfõ ine¢hdjla ;sì‚¦ úYaj úoHd,h f.dvke.s,s" nodu" .,a yd jdfka wi< nqÿrÿka nK foaYkd l< nj;a j,ska l< l,d lD;s we;s w;r t;=ukaf.a w.ijq flfkl= jQ idßmq;% fuu leŒï wkQj fmkS hk mßÈ wdY%uhka 11 la yd m%foaYfha bm§ ks¾jdKho ,nd.;a nj lshefõ' m%Odk .fvd,a úydr yhla ;sî we;' fu!¾h md,l wfYdal rcq idßmq;a; f;reka kd,kaodj ms<sn|j fndfyda f;dr;=re fjkqfjka mkai,la bÈ l< njo lshfõ' ieÕù we;af;a jqjo" fuh nqoaOd.fï m%Odk;u

kd,kao uydúydrfha kgnqka

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Wreuh

pkaä.d¾ya ys lemsg,a ixlS¾Kfha uka;%K iNd f.dvke.s,a,

uOHia:dkhlaj ;snQ njg úYajdi flf¾' i;H jYfhkau" úYaj úoHd,fha mßydksh isÿj we;af;a bkaÈhdj ;=< nqÿoyu úhelS hdu iu. nj úYajdi l< yelsh' fuu N+ñh wo jk úg m%isoaO ixpdrl uOHia:dkhla jk w;r fn!oaO ixpdrl cd,fha ckm%sh;u wx.hlao fjhs'

ie,iqï l< k.rh ks¾udKh l< w;r tu.ska kQ;k bkaÈhdfõ wkd.;h ixfla;kh lsÍug woyia flß‚' flda¾ìisfha f.a N+ñldj —‍w;S;fhka LKavkh fjñka kj .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSh NdIdjla fidhd .ekSula˜‍ f,i y÷kd.ksñka UNESCO úiska fgdalsfhdays ngysr bkaÈhdfõ m<uq lemsg,a ixlS¾Kh" l,dj ms<sn| cd;sl fl!;=ld.drh" ie,iq ï l< wdckaákdfõ ,d ma,dgd ys wdpd¾h pkaä.d¾ya k.rh jk pkaä.d¾ya ys mqoìï ixlS¾Kh jQ lDÜfpÜ ksji yd m%xYfha" ud¾fia,aia pkaä.d¾ya 1950 l,S rgj,a 17 la mqrd úysfok N+ñ 17 ys hqksÜ ä yeìfÜIka hkdÈh iu. .Kkaj,§ , lska tla fldgil' tajd kï m%isoaO fuho kï lr we;' fld¾nisfha kQ;k .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amS pd¾,aia wlalr 100 lg jvd jeä fmfoil úiska ks¾udKh tÿjd¾â ÔkrÜ .aßia fyj;a , me;s Í we;s lemsg,a ixlS¾Kh lrk ,§ flda¾ìish¾ ieuÍu i|yd f;dard. ixpdrlhka w;r b;d ckm%shh' th kq ,enQ mdrcd;sl ks¾udK ud,djhs' 1950 § mßmd,k f.dvke.s,s yd iaudrl .Kkdjlg w.ue;s cjy¾,d,a fkare úiska mkacdí yd ksjyka fjhs' uka;%K ud,s.h ^jHjia:dodhl y¾hdkd i|yd kj w.k.rhla bÈlsÍug woyia iNdj&" rcfha f,alï ld¾hd,h" mkacdn yd lrk ,ÿj , flda¾ìisfha úiska bkaÈhdfõ m<uq y¾hdkd by< Widúh" m%isoaO újD; yia;h

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iaudrlh" cHdñ;sl l÷ .egh yd fijke,s l=¿K hkd§ jQ fndfyduhla Bg wh;a fõ'

lka.afpkaâfidka.d cd;sl WoHdkh islSufha lka.afpkaâfidka.d cd;sl WoHdkh jQ l,S bkaÈhdfõ m<uq ñY% f,dal Wreu N+ñhhs' Bidk È. wdishdfõ ysud,fha msysgd we;s fuu cd;sl WoHdkh ksïk" ;eks;,d" .,a .=yd" ú,a" .a,eishr yd jkhka / ilska .yKh' UNESCO jg wkQj" f,dj mqrd we;s wdrlaIs; m%foaY w;=ßka mq¿,a;u Wkak;dxYuh mrdih we;s WoHdk w;=ßka tlla jk fuh f,dj f;jk Wiu l÷ uqÿk;

bkaÈhdfõ wm%isoaO f,dal Wreu N+ókaf.ka iuyrl

jk lka.afpkaâfidka.d fyj;a lkapkacqx.d lkaogo ksfjiak fjhs' islSï m%foaYfhka ld,la muK wdjrKh lrk fuu WoHdkh tys ffcj úúO;ajh ksidu jkfha ießirkakka w;r ckm%sh ù we;' lka.afpkaâfidka.d ;=< lia;=ß uqjka" ysud, gys¾" r;= mekavd yd ysu Èúhd hkd§ jQ i;=ka fndfydauhla oelsh yelsh' tksidu fuh jeo.;a mßir úoHd;aul N+ñhla njg m;a fõ' tfukau th jeo.;a ixialD;sl N+ñhlao fjh' ckm%jdohg wkQj fuys we;s l÷" ú,a" .=yd yd fjk;a iajNdúl foa islSufha iajfoaYsl ckhdf.a jkaokdudkhg ,la fõ' fuh iy fn!oaO úYajdi mokïj islSu wkkH;djhg moku jeà we;'

mÜglvd,a ys iaudrl iuQyh( 1987 § kï lrkq ,enQ fuu iaudrl iuQyh" W;=re l¾Kdglfha we;s yskaÿ foajia:dk kjhla yd ffck wdY%uhla iys; fjhs’ NsïfnÜld ffY,uh wdjrK( 2003 § f,dal Wreuhla f,i kï l< fuu je,s.,a wdjrK ffY, is;=jï .Kkdjlska fyì ukrï jQ fldaIaGd.drhls’ úkaOHd l÷ mx;sh mduq, msysgd we;’

lka.afpkaâfidka.d cd;sl WoHdkh Tiafia jeà we;s âfidka.%s-,d wä mdr

YsLr ÿïßh ux( 1999, 2005 yd 2008 § kï lrkq ,enQ fuu YsLr ÿïßh uxj,g vdð,Ska.a ysud,hka ÿïßh ud¾.h" ks,a.sß YsLr ÿïßh ud¾.h yd l,ald Ysï,d ÿïßh ud¾.h wh;a fjhs’ rd‚ lS jdõ ^/ðkf.a mshjr <s|&( .=crdgfha mgka ys msysgd we;s fuu N+ñh 2014 § kï lrkq ,enQ w;r fuys m%udKh yd uQ¾;s Ys,amh ksid m%isoaOj we;’ ngysr >Üia( 2012 § kï lrkq ,enQ fuh" iyhøs l÷ mx;sh f,io y÷kajkq ,efnk w;r ngysr bkaÈhdfõ msysgd we;’fuys we;s cd;sl WoHdk yd jkÔú wNh N+ñ we;=¿ ia:dk ;sia kjhla Wreu N+ñ f,i kï lr we;’

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Oj, l;r W;al¾Ij;a rdka W;aiõ ld,fha§ l=É l;r ieuÍïj,ska msß W;aijY%Sfhka wkQk l,d ixialD;sl uKavmhla njg m;a fjhs joka |

wks,a uq,apdkaoka

l=É ys uyd rdka f,i y÷kajk ,jK ñY%s; ldka;drfha iqúi,a nfõ isg l=É fndlafla fjr< Tiafia;a" nkaks ys iafgma j¾.fha ;K msáj, isg kd,shdys iejkd jeks jdiia:dk olajd;a ld, vqx.¾ ^ld, j¾K l÷& j, isg uku;a lrjk iqúi,a jeá yd l÷ .eg olajd;a úys§ we;s l=É hkq ukrï jQ .ukdka;hls' bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u Èia;%slal w;=ßka tlla jk l=É"

ixialD;slj ukn¢k l,dmhla jk w;r yskaÿ yd uqia,sï f.dú m%cdjka lsysmhlg ksjyka fjhs' fuu w¾O ixpdrl f.dm,a,ka tïfn%dhsv¾ yd meÉ j¾la jeks w;alï j,g olaI;d olajk w;r fuu N+ñNd.hg w;siqkaor j¾Khka tla lrkq ,nhs' l=É ys uQ,ia:dkh jeks jQ N=Ê" lf,l 1540 isg 1948 olajd fuys n,h fynjQ

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ixpdrh

uydrd´ kï mrïmrd.; kduh ysñ cfâcd tys Ys,amSka iï tïfn%dhsv¾" l=U,a jev" ß§ rdÊmq;af.a n, wiqk úh' Tjqkaf.a ud,s.d jev" ,S jev" jdfka jev yd wÊrdÄ is;=jï ixlS¾Kh jk vd¾n¾.doa ;=< w;siqkaor yd jeks wÉpq uqøK l,dj hkdÈfhao ksmqKfhda wmQ¾j f,i w,xlD; lrk ,o we;=¿ .Dyhlska fj;s' ksfrdaK kï .ïudkfha" t~re f;,a fyì 18 jk ishjfia whskd uy,a idhï j,ska frÈ mska;dre lrk yd wdkqNdj iïmkak jQ m%d.auy,a tfukau uOqr y~ k.k iSkq yd l= É ys ks j dij, ud,s.h msysgd ;sfí' N=Ê j,ska ,el¾ wdf,am l< oej ksIamdok ndysr yd miqj ud¾.h Èfjkafka tla tla ;kk frda.ka Ys,amSkaf.a wjika wNHka;rh" Ys,am l%uhka i|yd l=i,;d olajk mrïmrdj jdih lrkq ,nhs' rgdjka yd rndß” wys¾" c;a" uq;ajd" fï.aj,a fuu m%foaYfha we;s N=ka.d f,i legm;a u.ska yd fidaOd rdÊmq;a jeks úúO jQ y÷kajk jD;a;dldr ksjdi w,xlD; m%cdjkaf.a .ïudk j,ska iqieÈ ksujd we;af;a WKqiqï ldka;r lr we;’ nkaks ;K ìï fj;hs' foaY.=Khg yd N+ñ lïmdjkag Tfrd;a;= fok wdldrfhka ixlS¾K f,i jik ,o fla;= wdldr jy," >k ì;a;s yd l=vd cfka, iu.h' fïjdfha we;=<; yd msg; fkreï rgd yd legm;aj,ska w,xldr lr we;' ld, vqx.d¾ kï jQ lkao ke. neÆ úg l=É yS uyd rdka ,jK ;,djkaf.a iqkaor;ajh ú¢h ju( rdka W;aij yelsh' fuu lkao uqÿk; we;s vÜgdfÜ% fldaú, iufha§ meje;afjk ldka;dr ix.S; m%ix.hl l,dlrejka l=É ys ixpdrl ksjdihla

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my< jfï isg( rdka W;aiõ ld,fha§ Wvq hál=re lr t,a,k ,o l=v W;aiõ iufha wf,úhg ;nd we;s w;alï iy l,d;aul tïfn%dhsv¾ jefvys ksr;j isák ldka;djl

ixpdrl .ïudkh ;=< iqmsß l+vdrï j¾.fha ldur ilikq ,nk w;r tys rÕ u~,j,a" l,d uOHia:dk" wjkay,a yd fjk;a myiqlïo imhkq ,efí' fuu ixpdrl .ïudkfha isg ck ix.S; m%ix. iu. ixpdrlhka mskjk ix.S;fõ§ka iys; ,jK wdjrKhlska hq;a uyd ueá ;eks;,djla jk uyd rdka fj; Tgqjkaf.a msg u; ke.S .uka l< yelsh' fuu Oj, meye ldka;drh ieu w;lskau ie;mqï .Kkla wE;g úysfok uk fj; meñfKk ysj¨‍ka yg tys n¢kd oiqkls' úfYaIfhkau mqka i| mqka i| we;s / mQclhka úiska wdydr ,nd fokq oelsh mdhd we;s /hl fuu ,jK ;,dj hl uyd rdka yelsh' äfkdavd¾ l÷ u; lkaMgia Yafõ; meyefhka Èÿ,k wdldrh b;d Oj, ldka;drh fyj;a me¿Kq lkaj,ska hq;a Y%uKhka wdl¾YkSh fjhs' ukn¢kd oiqkla iys; fOdarïkd;a úydrh yd wdY%uh nkaks isg kef.kysr foig jk ujd mdhs msysgd we;' ud¾.h Ldã¾ fnÜ miq l< úg ;j;a fuu Èia;%slalfha m%Odk;ajh tjeksu jQ iqúi,a Yafõ; l;rlg .uka lrkq ,nhs' fuh fmr ¥m;laj mej;sho Wiq,kafka N+úoHd;aulj iqúfYaIS jk ,jK ldka;drh jk l=É ys uyd rdka h' fuh j¾. oeka th f.dv ìu yd iïnkaOj ,÷ le,E j,ska wdjrKh ù mj;S' fuys§ Tng mer‚ bkaÿ kgnqka lsó 7"500 la mqrd me;sr we;' fuu wdl¾YŒh N+ñ Nd.fha fl<jrl .=crdg rcfha wkq.%yfhka iys; fOda,úr fj; msúish yelsh' ñka u| ÿrla .sh ;ek ukialdka; jQ l÷ mx;Ska" ñhr yd oej rdka W;aiõ kï W;aijh mj;ajkq ,efí' fï jif¾§ fuu W;aijh 2016 fkdjeïn¾ 1 isg 2017 f*dis, iys; jir ñ,shk 160 lg jvd mer‚ f*dis, N+ñhla we;' fmnrjdß 20 olajd mj;ajkq ,efí' fOda¾fvda

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ixpdrh

my< jfï isg( l=É ys ft;sydisl fgrd .ïudkfha wkqiaudrlhla" ukaoaú ys úfÊ ú,dia ud,s.dj iy rdka W;aiõ iufha§ ixpdrl l|jqrl rd;%S o¾Ykhl

<Õd úh yels whqre .=jkska( N=Ê ys .=jka f;dgqfmd, m%Odk bka§h k.r iu. fyd¢ka iïnkaO fõ' k.r uOHhg <Õd ùug gelais yd ßlafIda .=jkaf;dgqfmdf,a hyñka ,nd.; yelsh'

Kutch

Gujarat

uy u.ska( 8A cd;sl uyd ud¾.h N=Ê yd wyauodndoa tlsfklg iïnkaO lrk w;r ks;H nia r: fiajd N=Ê yd wfkla k.r tlsfklg iïnkaO lrh’'

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Map not to scale

ÿïßfhka( m%Odk bka§h k.r ÿïßh u.ska N=Ê yd fyd¢ka iïnkaO fjk w;r wyauodndoa" È,a,s" uqïndhs jeks m%foaY j,ska myiqfjka <Õd úh yelsh'

ngysr foig .sh ;ek iqúi,a nkaks fldfÜYaj¾ fldaú," kd,shdys ffck úydrh ;K ìu oelsh yelsh' l=É hkq bkaÈhdfõ iy fldgqjla" mshjr iys; <s|la" ft;sydisl jeo.;au mlaIS m%foaYhla jk w;r tys ú,la" yfj," iaurK ia;ïN" ft;sydisl f,dj mqrd ;¾ckhg ,la jQ bka§h niagâ uqia,sï m,a,shla" ffck yd yskaÿ fldaú,a fldld" f,i¾*af,dßlka" iqÿ msge;s .scq iys; fgrd kï ft;sydisl .ïudkh msysgd ,sys‚hd" È.= fydge;s .scq we;' fuys we;s kdrdhka ifrdaj¾ ,sys‚hd" iqÿ fn,a,e;s áÜ wNh N+ñh f.fi,a yd fjk;a l= É hkq f,dj mlaIshd yd iafgd,siald nqIa laISrmdhSkaf.a jdiia:dkhla jk mqrd j| ùfï peÜ hkd§ jQ mlaIS j¾. w;r kd,shd ;DKìu jDlhka" ;¾ckhg ,la oelsh yelsh' bkaÈhdfõ§ w¿ f.fi,a" ldka;dr ù isák mlaISka meye;s yhsfmdlshq,shia oelsh n<¨‍ka yd ;j;a /£ isák jeo.;a yels ia:dk lsysmh w;=ßka fndfyda ;¾ckhg mlaIs m%foaYhls fuh tlls' ;j;a ne,sh hq;=u ,lajQ mlaISkag ia:dkhla jkafka ÉydÍ ú,h' ksjyka fjh' fuys§ isisr R;=j fya;=fjka bka§h w¾O .=crdgfha iqkaoru fjr< jk oaùmh fj; ixl%uKh jk mlaISka /iajk kd,shd isg ukaoaú olajd jk ukrï ia:dkhls' fjrf<a Tng weúo hd yelsh' l=É ;j;a ngysr foig jkakg ft;sydisl yS uydrd´ úiska fuys uyd ud,s. .=reoajdrhla iys; ,dlamq;a fldgqjo" isfhd;a hla bÈlrk ,§' fuu fjr< È.= fn!oaO .,a f,ka" wYmqr ud;d fkda udoa ys md.ukaj,g" iakdkhg fukau ysre mQckSh úydrh" kdrdhka ifrdaj¾ mQckSh ú," nei hdu keröug lÈuh'

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ixpdrh

kd.,ka;fha f.da;%slhka

yuqùu

kd.,ka;fha úiauh okjk iy fkdb÷,a iajNdúl fi!kao¾hh fidhd hkak''' ima; ifydaor rdcHhkaf.ka tlla jk kd.,ka;h" tys we;s .=ma; jQ nkaOkfhka Tnj fudaykhg m;a lrkq we; joka |

rEpd l=,ald¾ks

ie,flk fydakì a ,a fyj;a lE|e;a;df.a m%Odk f.da;% 16 lao we;=¿ tlsfklg kñka kï lr we;s fuh lsidudys Èk fjkia f.da;% 40 lska iukaú; kd.,ka;fha nyq j¾Khka Tnj idorfhka 10 l muK ld,hla mqrd meje;afõ' iajfoaYl s ix.S;h" k¾;kh" l%v S d" ms<. s kq we;' foieïn¾ ui m<uq i;sfha§ wdydr" .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h" Ñ;%mg" lsidud .ïudkh ^m%d‍ka; w.k.rh jk w;alï yd kd.,ka;fha úúO m%foaYj,ska fldysud isg lsó 12 la ol=Kg jkakg meñfKk foaYh S f.da;h % ka msyg s d we;s kd. Wreu k.rh& m%; S c s kl yd j¾Kj;a úiska mj;ajkq ,nk m%ix. fuu fydakaì,a W;aijhla iu.ska Ôú;fha hka fuys§ oel.; yelsh' W;aijh tfukau" fuh úúO wdldrfha i;=g iurkq ,efí' fuh kd.,ka;fha jQ l,S ish¿ wdldrfha ix.S; jdokh flfrk rdcH;aj Èkh úúO wdldrfha .S;hka ux.,Hhls- fydakì a ,a W;aijh jk foieïn¾ 1 jkod zW;aijhkaf.a W;aijh| .efhk wjia:djla jk iurkq ,nhs neúka ix.S;uh .uklao f,i b;d W;al¾Ij;aj iurkq ,efí fjhs' fy,shdïf,hq fyj;a k¾;k .S;" fyfr,sfhhq fyj;a rK idïm%odhsl W;aijhla fkdjk fuh 2000 jif¾§ nyq jd¾.sl ck;djf.a .S;" fkhqf,hq fyj;a mqrdjD;a;uh iqúfYaI; S j a h fmkajkakla f,i m%dka; .S; yd Tjqkf a .a ch.%yK ms<n s |j rch úiska wdrïN lrk ,oaols' fuu .efhk fylshf,hq .S; fuys§ ri ú¢h fydakì a ,a W;aijh kd.d,ka;fha rdcH;aj yelsh' f.da;l s% fudarx fyj;a m%idx.sl Èkh jk foieïn¾ 1 jkod iurkq ,nhs' lKavdhïj, ksjykaj, iqúfYaIS jQ .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h Tng úiauh /f.k tkq m%dka;h ;=< b;d jeo.;a mlaIf s hl= f,i

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fkdje誰n他 - foie誰n他 2016

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ixpdrh

my< jfï isg( idïm%odhsl f.da;%sl l=áhla, fydakaì,a W;aijfha f.da;%hl k¾;khla iy ;u ckj¾. fha weÕ¿ï ye| .;a kd. orefjla

Tn okakjdo@ ;ukagu iqúfYaIS jQ NdIdjkapdß;% yd iïm%odhka mej;sho m%Odk kd. f.da;%hka 14 tlsfkld yd i;=fgka iu.sfhka Ôj;a fõ' tajd kï wka.dñ" wd´" pfÄika.a" pka." fnuqka.ka" fLdkahhla" f,da;d" fMdï" fmdpqß" frka.u" ika.agï" fiud" hqïÑkaÊ yd fia,sheka.a f.da;%hs' fldysudys kd. lvuKaäh kd.,ka;fha wdydr ixialD;sh f.k yer mdhs' uia udxY iys; wdydr yd mY=iïm;a fjf<|dug m%isoaO jQ fuu mer‚ ùÈ Tiafia .uka lrk Tn tu wdydr j¾.hkaf.a wuq;=u jQ iajNdjh úiauhg m;a fjkq we;

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äudmQ¾ ys uOH;k lpdß rdcOdksfha kgnqka

we;' fydakì a ,a W;aijh jQ l,S ixialD;sluh Ñ;%Khls" wiajkq W;aijh jk wyqkd W;aijh ^fkdjeïn¾& ta tys§ Ôú;fha mqÿu t,jk iq¿ iajNdjh iqúi,a fnr w;r m%Odk fjhs' l|ka u.ska jefha' fidnd oyu yd iduh tlafjk fuu W;aijh fï jk úg tys úYsIg a ;ajh f,dj f;da;ekak fj; lshd md we;" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r fuu bkaøcd,sl ìfuys wdl¾IKh jYfhka jeo.;a mqo. a ,hka fï i|yd jeä kd.,ka;fha tys WKqiï q ixialD;sh yd ñksik q a mrhd jeäfhka iyNd.s fjñka mj;S' bka§h w.k.rh jk hkafka tys ieÕj we;s fidnd oyfï w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaÈ uy;d 2015 jif¾§ fldysud .=ma; yd fuu foaYl s hkaf.a j¾Kj;a weÕ¿ï iqkoa r;ajh ksiduh' fuu ìïfmfoi jYSlrk iq¿jQ hkq le<ô,s iys; YsIg a dpdrhkaf. we| .ksñka ixialD;sl ux i,l=Kla wukaodkkaokSh f,i tys we;s iqúfYaIS nj biau;= lr ka fíÍ mj;sk yd ÿria: nj ksidu ìï lvlg n,mEug ,la fkdù b;sßj we;s wjika oelajf Q õh' fodr.=¿ újr lrh fuhg wu;rj jir mqrdu kd. fkdb÷,a ìï lsym s h w;=ßka tlls' fuu wmQre ìï fmfoig we;=,a jk ud¾.h ìï lv ;=< úúO wdldrfha W;aijhka oelsh yelsh' wka.dñjrekaf.a filafrkahs W;aijh fldySud fjhs" th wmQ¾j w;aoelSï j,ska ;%dickl yeÕSfuka mqrjd ,kakls' fldysud isg lsó 14 la ^fmnrjdß&" wd´ jrekaf.a fudajdiaÜiq W;aijh ^uehs&" pfnix m%cdfõ iqlr a ekhs W;aijh ^ckjdß&" fiñ Tífnka msyg s d we;s kd.,ka;fha by<u l÷ uqÿk jk f.da;f % ha ikald¾ks W;aijh yd iqks f.da;f % ha miq cma*q uqÿk fj; ks,j a ka l÷ nEjqï Tiafia msh k.kak'

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ixpdrh

ke;fyd;a âiqfldajq ksïkh Tiafia meh y;rla ;sif a ia .fõIKfha fhÈh yelsh' fojk f,dal hqoO a fh§ cmka cd;slhkag tfrysj igka l< fid,aodÿjka i|yd f.!rj lsÍu ms‚i bÈ l< fldysud hqO iqidkho fuys oelsh yelsh' fldysud isg lsó 20 lg Tífnka msyá s fLdfkdaud .ïudkfha fuu .egqïj, ;j;a kgnqka oelsh yelsh' fuu pu;aldÍ .ïudkh" wdishdfõ m<uq yß; .ïudkh f,i m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,ÿj ld¾hlaIu .ïudk mßmd,kfha wdo¾Yhla f,i ke.S isà' fldysud fl!;=ld.drh mehla muK .;jk ft;sydisl .ukla jkq we;" th kd.,ka;fha f.da;l s% Ôjk rgdj fj; fy,k .eUqre ne,aulao fjh' Èkh wjik Isf,dahs úf,a ksYp a , c,h Tnf.a uki iqjm;a lrkq we;' lsó 70 l .uklska miq Tn fuu m%dka;fha jvd;au ÈhqKq k.rj,ska tlla jk yd .x.d ck;djf.a k.rh f,i y÷kajk äudmq¾ fj; f.k hkq we;' fidnd oyu iu. jk ;j;a yuqjla Tng fuys§ w;aú¢h yelshtkï ;%; s j a we,a,hs' jkh ms<n s | Wkkaÿ jkakkag

by<( fldysud ys fojk f,dal hqO iqidkh iy by<( kd.,ka;fha fjdLd Èia;%slalfha ukrï o¾Ykhla

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Map not to scale

Nagaland

^olaIsKdj¾;j&( kd.,ka; wdydrj, jeä jYfhka Ndú;d jkafka ynr,, meijk ,o fidahd fndaxÑ, WK o¿ yd lrj, hkdÈhh

wdydrhg .; yels foa udxYuh wdydrhkaf.a mdrd§ihla jk kd.,ka;fha wdydr fndfyda úg ielfikafka úh<Sfuka fyda meiùfuks' t<j¿ muKla .kakd whg WK o¿j,ska iE¥ wdydr iy m%isoaO rdcd ñ¾pd fyj;a rc ñßia ri ú¢h yelshæ

l< yels fo idm a m q hdfï reÑh we; a ;k a g kd.,k a ;fh a l< yel s fo a fndfyda h' WK ng jev" oej leghï" l U = , a jev yd lïu, a jev nyq, fuy s Wii a l,d yd iïm%odh sl yel shdjk a f. a k s¾udKhk a fndfyda fih sk we;'

bkagkals jk Ôú wNh N+ñh rij;a w;aoelSula f.k tkq we;' ì%;dkH hq.fha wdl¾IKhka jk wdKavl q dr l|jqr yd kd. l÷ Èia;l s% l a fha m<uq uQ,ia:dkh jk pquf q läud fj; msúiSuo l< yelsh' fldysud isg lsó 150 la tmsáka msyá s fudfldlapxq k.rfha .eñ Ôjk rgdj Tnj wdl¾IKh lr .kq we;' w;alï uOHia:dkh keröfuka Tng Wka.u a d .fï wd´ f.da;f % ha Ôjk rgdj je<|.; yelsh' kd.,ka;fha fuu fmfoi" fkdls,á s jQ iqkoa r;ajh ksidu m%ios O a jQ pka.l a f s ldka.a ys ukdj Like o¾Ykh lrhs' INDIAN diplomacy kd.,ka;h hkq ieneúkau ixialD;sh yd ìï fmfoia" wdydr yd W;aij hkd§ ish,af,a ukd ixl,khls flfia jqj;a Follow fuu úÑ;%j;a jQ ixialD;Ska ;=<k s a tajdfha @INDIANdiplomacy we;s WKqiï q nj yd tys Ôj;a jk mS; % u s ;a yd iÔú ckhdf.a yeÕsï yd;ami me;sÍ hkq oefk' i;H f,dalfhaoehs is;d.; Channel fkdyels ;rfï jQ fuu isyk s ìïlv ;=< INDIAN diplomacy Tn ksielju ls£ hkq we;æ

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ieuÍu

keõ .uka" flala yd

ñ;%;ajhka'''

fudaia;r ks¾udK Ys,ams fjkafv,a frdä%laia" ;u ksjyk jk f.dafjka fndfyda ÿr wE; uOHu weußldfõ ixpdrh lrk fuu k;a;f,ys Tyq iu. idïm%odhsl msiSï" ;Hd.hka yd hd{djka /f.k hkq we; joka |

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k;a;,a oiqka" yvj,a yd iqj| fjkav,a foa isÿ lrk ^Tyq iudc lghq;=" mdßißl frdä%laia f.a u;lhka ;=< ne£ mj;S' yd iu,sx.sl whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isà& iEu jirlu" Tyq ;u ñ;=rka yd mjqf,a fuu moau Y%S iïudk ,dNshd W;aij i|yd wh iu. tu u;lhka w¨‍;a lr .kS' iQodkï ùu yd ieuÍu i|yd ld,h fjka —wmg k;a;, m<uqfjkau lr .kS' wdOHd;añl ieuÍula úÈhg;a" isisr udi ;=< f.dafjka fidnd fojkqj kj we÷ï me<÷ï msg; isákafka kï ;ud fi!kao¾hhg iys; W;aijhla njg;a k;a;, iurkafka ñ;=rka wdorh lrka f kl= wjidkhg ;Hd. ksid jeo.;a iu. fyda hd;%d lsÍï iu. jk fjkav,a isisr W;aijhl=;a jqKd' uu ;ju;a nj Tyq mjihs' fuu jif¾§ udihka ;=<§ iEu wjqreoaolu tu iïm%odh fjkav,a k;a;, yd kj Tyqf.a WoHdkh /f.k hkjd' oeka uu wirK jir iurkafka mekud we, iqkaorj ;eîug ksjdihla fyda .s,ka y,la yryd hd;%d lrñks'—w¿;ska j. n,d.kS fj; f.dia ta ,ehsia;=jg mq¿,a lrk ,o mekud we, mqKH lghq;=;a tla lrf.k keröug wu;rj" ñhdñ isg ;sfnkjd'˜‍ Tyq mjihs' le,sf*dakshd olajd hd;%d lsÍug yels jk neúka kslr.=jdj" fld,ïìhdj yd hd;%d lsÍu fulaisldkq fjr< k.rj,a ne,Sug yelshs˜‍ Tyq mjihs' fudaia;r ks¾udK Ys,amsfhl= f,i ;j;a

fudaia;r ks¾udK Ys,amshd Tyqf.a ñ;=rka yd mjqf,a idudðlhka iu. miq.sh jif¾ k;a;, iurñka

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ieuÍu

fjkav,a ksjfia isákafka kï ;u mjqf,a wh" ñ;=rka yd iqr;,a i;=ka iu. k;a;, yd kj jir ieuÍuga W;aiql fjhs' tfukau —uqyqÿ iq<f.a iqjh ú£ug˜‍ k;a;,a ld,h ;=<§ fjr<nv ksjykl .; lsÍugo Tyq leu;sh' uf.a iylrejdf.a mjqf,a whg ^Tyqf.a iylrejd jk m%xY cd;sl fcfrdaï uer,af.a mjqf,a wh& m%xYfha fkdisg ysre iys; fjr<l .; lsÍu úYd, fjkila'

§fï .=Kh jir .Kkdjla mqrd fjkav,a fuu W;aijfha jvd;au jákd wx.h jk wkqka fj; ;Hd‍. lsÍfï iïm%odh mj;ajdf.k hdug úfYaI l=àrhla mj;ajdf.k hhs' —jir .Kkdjl w;aoelSï iu. uu ;Hd. lnvh f,i y÷kajk hula ;ndf.k isákjd' uf.a ixpdr w;r;=r uu iqúfYaIS w;alï isysjgk ñ,§ .kakjd' wm wmf.a ñ;=rka ne,Sug hk úg tajd ;Hd. lrkjd'˜‍ Tyq mjihs'

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wNsuqL msgqj( k;a;, i|yd irid we;s fjkav,a frdä%laia f.a ksjyk. k;a;,a ld,fha§ wmf.a ks¾u,;ajfha foaj ud;djf.a foajia:dkh Èia fjk whqre

wksjd¾h wx.hls' '‍fldkaldks fuu ieuÍïj, w;HjYHu fohla fkdf;afrk ñ;=rka ud iu. kj;skafka jkafka wdydrhs' fjkav,af.a úfYaI kï uu uOHu rd;%S foaj fufyhg flala iE§fï jÜfgdarej Tyq W.;af;a Tyqf.a ys,avd kekaodf.ks' úh<s l¿ Tjqkaj ìfIdma ud,s.hg f.k hkjd' tfia ke;skï" uf.a .fï m,a,shg fyda f¾iska" iqÿ lrkaÜ" fodvï f,,s yd weUrE wdukaâ iys; fuu ñks;a;= 10 l ÿrlska ;sfhk uf.a ujf.a .ug m%Œ; flala ms<siaiSug fmr k;a;,a W;aijh f.k hkjd'˜‍ udi ;=kla ;siafia fld{ela i|yd fjkajQ mdkfha fmdÕjd ;nkq k;a;, yd iïnkaO úfYaI ;Hd. fndfyda iïm%odhka ,efí' fuu jif¾ Tyq lnvhla Tyq ksjfia ke;s kuq;a fyd¢ka w;r tkï ;Hd. §u" mj;ajdf.k hhs hd{djka w;r Tyqf.a mqyqKq lrk ,o Tyqf.a ld¾h uKav,h" fuu yoj;g ióm jkafka l=ulao@ —‍wdOHd;añl foa' wdorfha iïm%odh rlskq we;' m‚jqvh /f.k fY%aIaG ñksfil= wdorh iy iduh fuf,djg meñ‚hd' wfkla i|yd hd{djka ish¿ foa fï iu. ii|k úg fjkav,a yg uOHu rd;%S foaj fufyh fkdjeo.;a"˜‍ Tyq mjihs'

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.scq nfõ fjr< w;s m%Œ; jQ bka§h fjr<dY%s; wdydr mdk" lsó 7517 la jQ fjr< ;Srfhaa iqkaor;ajh mrhd hk rihlska fyìh joka |

uOq,sld vEIa

uqyqÿ wdydr fjr< l,dmh ;=< nyq, jkjd ‍m%sh;u wdmamï j¾. .Kkdj w;=ßka bâ,s" jfâ muKla fkdj" jeä mßfNdackhlskao hqla; yd f;dai fukau fuu l,dmh ;=< idok pl=,s ùu fjr<dY%s; wdydrmdk iy uqyqÿ wdydr ióm yd msgd j,skao iukaú; fjhs' tys§ wmg jv iïnkaO;djhlska hq;= ùug n,mdkq ,nk tla mdõ" fNa,a" c,auqß yd flfi,a fm;s fukau m%n, fya;=jla fjhs' bkaÈhdfõ wfkl=;a mfldard j¾.o wh;a iuld,Sk fjr<dY%s; wdydrmdk fõ' fï bkaÈhdfõ ol=Kq m%foaYh fíla l< ud¿ o fuhg wh;a fõ' tmuKla ;=< m;, flá wdydrj,ska yd fmd,a wdY%s; fkdfõ' t;rï .fõIKhg n÷ka w;f<diaila muKls' thg Ñlka jHxck" j¾. 21 la fkdjQ fuu wdydr ixialD;sh fiao 65 f,i kï lrkq ,en we;s iys; yd fyd¢ka udj; olajd Èj hk w;r jvd ckm%sh nÈk ,o l=l=¿ uiao wvx.= jdä ù ri ú¢h by< reÑl;ajhka fjkqfjka ìys fõ' m;=ß udÉ ^mdis mÜrd ks hq;= fuu wdydr nj ie,fla' udÉÑ njgo m;ajQ& kï jQ ckm%sh fõ,l wdydr reÑh fíla l< ud¿ yd fmd,a wdY%s; wdydrh yd iagqj ^fuh ol=Kq jvjkakla muKls jHxck" j¾. 21 la iys; yd m<d; jHxck fidhd .ekSfï fyd¢ka jdä ù ri ú¢h hq;= fuu wdydr fõ,l mer‚;uhd njg m;a lrhs& meñfKkafkao fuu wdydr reÑh jvjkakla 58. muKls. fuu tla m%foaYfhks' fmd,a pÜks" ;lald,s LÜg ^iamd[a[ j¾.hla ;=< wju jYfhka f;dark ,o wdydrhka i,aid hkak fjkia ù iE§ we;&" ó lsß yd Èjq,a 100 la j;a we;=<;a fõ' fuhg WodyrKhka( pÜks bka§h fjr< wdydr mdk w;r rchk lsó 7"517 la È.= bka§h fjr< ;Srh" bkaÈhdfõ wdydr j¾. lsysmhls' miqj c,afr*aisj,g

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by<( jv mdõ iy ol=K( fN,a mQß

uQ,drïNh iemhQ f;,a rys; fld;a;=o fjr< m%foaYfha ;Hd.hls' flar< l¿ y,ajd" uqÜg ud,¦ m%Œ; Ldcd" uhsiQ¾ mla yd ria.=,a,d iy thg {d;s jQ wfkl=;a wdydro fjr< ;Srh u; wmg uqK .efik wka hulg fofjks fkdjk m%Œ; w;=remihka fõ' tfukau fjr<dY%s; jQ fuu tmßÈu jQ .uka u.la we;s w;r wdydr mdkhka kjHlrKhgo f.dafõ mdka n÷ka fjñka we;' fuh ;,a rd yd fmd,a iSks fuka miq j nks i a njg isÿjkafka fjr< l,dmhg fldl=ï o ckm%sh wmkhk m;aù miqld,Skj fyd|u foa f.k tk kdúl wdydrhla njg m;a úh' ,âvq jv mdõ f,i fjf<|dug ia;+;s jkakgh' iïnkaOj i,lkq ,enQ l,ay" ckm%sh úh fuu wk.s iïñY%Kh Ñlalsia WodyrKhla f,i" f.dafõ mdka j¾.hla jk fmdhS bka§h bjqï fyda m%l,Skaj, Wm; fj; .uka lrkq ,enqfõh' ckm%jdoj, i|yka jk msyqï lafIa;%hg tla jQ m<uq uqyqka fkdoeuQ mdka j¾.h njg m;a úh' th bka miq nksia wdldrhg f,dkj,d ys m%isoaO u.k,d,a Ñlals njg m;aù miqld,Skj jv mdõ f,i ckm%sh j, Wm; isÿjQfha Èjd wdydrh .ekSugj;a úh' ,âvq yd lIagdhïo fnfy;a j¾. ,nd§u úfõlhla fkd;snQ ÿïßh ud¾.fha jev i|yd jQ myiq l%uhka jQ w;r miqld,Skj l< lïlrejkaf.a Yla;sh mj;ajd.ekSfï me‚ ri wdydr njg m;a úh' bkaÈhdfõ l%uhla f,ih' idïm%odhsl iqma jk riï wdydr reÑh nÈk ,o iefÜ ;j;a tjeksu jQ ckm%sh jvjkakla f,i fukau fi!LH jvjkakla wdydrhls' mer‚ ix.ï idys;Hhg wkQj" fpda, rcjre fufia ilik ,o t¿ uia f,io jeä ÈhqKq flß‚' fid,a ldä i|ydo

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jHxckhlg wdYd l<y¦ .ïñßia, úh<s bÕ=‍re nj fndfyda fokd fkdokS' 1403 § fpx.a fyda fmaiaÜ ys oud moï lrk ,o úYd, t¿ uia hgf;a wêrdchdf.a Ök ¥;hka iu. meñ‚ .d;a oej fldagqj, wuqKd .skafkys oud ud Wjdka ms,d*a ri ú| wukaodkkaohg mq¿iaid ilik fuys rih jeä lsÍug wdre. m;a jQfõh' Tyq fuh iE§fï l,dj bf.k ïmq,a ^n¾ñhqvd ;Kfld<& .kq ms‚i tys kej;=Kq w;r bisk ,§' fpx.Sia Ldka fuu fuu wdydrh ieliSfï úúO wdydrh ;u yuqodfõ Yla;sh wdldrhkao fidhd .kakd ,§' Ök cd;slhkag mj;ajd.ekSu i|yd fuh ilid miqld,Skj kQâ,aia ksmoùu kQâ,aia iE§ug yd .;a w;r tys§ flndíj, m<uq ms‚i" ;u fiao frÈ úlsŒug wrdì cd;slhkag fiúhdka ieliSug iajrEmh biau;= úh' meñ‚ Ök cd;slhka yg b¢ b¢wdmamï uia ;eïnQ j;=frka fkdj wdmamï n,mE nj lshfjk n,mEfõh l=¿ nvq j¾.hla fyda folla w;ru wrdì cd;slhka ta u; fhdod n;a ri .ekaùfï l,djo mokïj ckm%sh fiúhdka ;kk meñ‚fha fjr<dY%s; bkaÈhdkq m%foaY fj;sks' ,o nj lshefõ' ;u uõ rfÜ§ wkqNj l< lrmsxpd n;a jeks úúO jQ rilrk ,o n;a È.= iy,ska hq;a n;a fjkqjg wrdì fjf<÷ï j¾. tla tla wjYH;djhka u; mokï jqj;a m<uqj ri úkafoa w;ska ilik ,o fiúhdkah' *%hsâ rhsia f,i y÷kajk wdydrh wyUq f,i ix.ï hq.h ;=<§ umams,dhs iïnd iy,a ks¾udKh jQfha wdishdfõ m<uq ms,d*a fj;ska Tfgdauka wêrdcHh fj; me;sreKq w;r ta

wdmam yd ì;a;r uid,d iys; ol=Kq bka§h Woh wdydrhla

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my< isg jug( iqÿ n;a iu. flar< ud¿ jHxckh" lrmsxpd iu. idïnd¾ jv" yd,aueiaika jHxckh iy ndnlshq l< fld*agd

yryd iamd[a[hg msúi mq,dõ yd mdthshd hk wdydr i|yd moku iemhQfõh' uQß f>dkafgda kï ld,sx.-nx.a,d wdydrh ld,sx.mÜkï yd ;dïr,ams; ;=< ;snQ úfYaI jQ wdydrhla jQ w;r tho mdthshd fj; n,mdkakg we;' tys wvx.= uqyqÿ wdydr yd u| jYfhka ;eïnQ iy,a thg idlaIH imhhs' lßld,a fpda, iufha t¿uia pqlald bkaÿkSishdkq iefÜ j,g n,mE wdldrhg" islkaoß rdk" l=Üá pdrd kï l=l=,a uia mqrjk ,o iïmQ¾K t¿fjl=f. ka hq;a wdydrhg n,mE wdldrhg yd lgqjla ;=< msisk ,o uÜá yd iy,a msá iys; wßlvld fj; n,mE wdldrhg fuho isÿjkakg we;' ;j;a rij;a bjqï msyqï l%u folla fï w;r u;=j wdfõh- f;,a rys; msiSu ^WodyrK f,i ikagQ,d yd mgqjd& iy fnx.d,s fpdapqß jeks uia yd t<j¿ ñY% lsÍfï l,dj ta l%u folhs' ;j;a jeo.;a ,laIKhla jkafka msiSfï§ Tjqka

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pÜks iu. t<Õs f;f,a nÈk ,o fodaia

iïmQ¾K me,Eáhla Ndú;d lsÍuhs' WoEik fNdackj, fldgila lr.;af;ah' wdydrh me‚ri .kajkakg flfi,a f.ä mer‚ fiao udj; ms<sn| jd¾;djkag Ndú;d lrk wdldrhgu ^pqä-odys-flfi,a wkQj" b;d ckm%sh *s¾ks kï wdydrh m<uqj fyda fmdÜgq-iSks-flfi,a&" flfi,a u,o bkaÈhdfõ olaIsK fjr<g meñK we;af;a flndí j¾. .Kkdjla fukau l=fiia:dkfha ^brdka& ndyaáfhya udxYuh wdydrj,g leue;a;la yd n,d,a kï r¿ rihlska hq;a b;d ckm%sh olajkakka i|yd ilik ,o nv bßÕ=‍ lr,a iys; wdydrhla *s ¾ ks m<uq fld*agd i|ydo uq,§ fhdod iu.h' ndyaáfhya kï wdydrfha jrg bkaÈhdfõ .kakd ,§' w, iy fldia uq,a iajNdjh wkQj th yd,a msá ol=Kq fjr,g fukau ukacd ^flfi,a l|& yd lsß tlg WKq lr ilik meñ‚fha o fjr<dY%s; bka§h m%cdj ,oaola jk w;r mdhdiï j¾.hg ndyaáfhya w;r m%Odk;u wdydrhls' wh;a úh' fuh yl=re yd f,ih wjidkfha§ úchk.r lrouqx.= fhdod rij;a lrk ,§' wêrdcHh ì| oeuQ nyaudks fuh ol=fKa§ OdkHuh lS¾ njg rcjre ;u úÑ;% jQ wdydrhka ;=< wvx.= m;ajQ w;r" T§Ifha§ th f.dhskagd .=ä njg l< idïm%odhsl wdydr j¾. fya;=fjka w, m;a úh' fndfyda wdydr b;sydi{hka úYajdi yd fldia jeks wdydr ckm%sh jQ w;r miq lrk wdldrhg fuh riu,hs yd uydrdIag% ld,Skj Idcydka wêrdchd fuu wdydr ;u fudvla ìysùu flfryso n,md we;'

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f.dafõ ud¿ jHxckh

W;aij

ri wyr

Tnf.a ieureï W;aij j,g rihla tla lrñka ri kyr mskjkq we;s fuu wdydr jÜfgdare n,kak

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iQodkï ùug .; jk ld,h( ñks;; a = 15 msiSug .; jk ld,h( ñks;a;= 30 4 fofkl=g iEfy wjYH øjH fi'ó 5'1 ^2˜‍& f,i lmd.;a ud¿ *s,Ü ls'.%E 1$2" ¨‍Kq f;a ye¢ 1 1$2" ly l=vq f;a ye¢ 1$2 fmd,a idrh i|yd( .d .;a fmd,a fldamam 1$2" fmdms weg ^li lid& f;a ye¢ 3" lcq uo 7" .ïñßia lr,a 5" ñßia 4" fld;a;u,a,s weg fïi ye¢ 1" j;=r fldamam 4" f;,a fldamam 1$2" lmd.;a ¿EKq f.ä 1" iqÿ ¿EKq fmaiaÜ f;aye¢ 1" bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ

u| .skafka msi .kak¦ n÷klg oud fld;a;u,a,s fld< j,ska irid n;a iu. ms<s.kajkak'

l%Sï leru,a mqäx iQodkï ùug .; jk ld,h( ñks;; a = 15 msiSug .; jk ld,h( ñks;a;= 30 4 fofkl=g iEfya. wjYH øjH ì;a;r 4" iSks fïi ye¢ 2" Wl= lsß áka 1" jeks,d ìxÿ 2-3" kejqï lsß áka 3" ieriSug fpß

f;a ye¢ 1" ueÈka m,d.;a wuq ñßia 3" Wl= lsÍug iy,a msá f;a ye¢ 1" ieriSug lmd .;a fld;a;u,a,s fld< fïi ye¢ 1 idok l%uh ud¿ *s,Ü fidaod fõ,kak¦ ly iy ¨‍Kq w;=,a,d .kak" u| .eUqf¾ neo mfilska ;nd.kak' fmdms weg" lcq uo" .ïñßia lr,a" ñßia yd fld;a;u,a,s weg iu. fmd,a íf,kavrhg oukak¦ isksÿ ;,mhla iEfok f,i íf,kaâ lr.kak¦ j;=r fldamam 2 la oud fmrdf.k

idok l%uh rjqï flala Ndckhlg iSks oud.kak¦ th ,sm u; ;nd wvq .skaor fhdokak" túg iSks Èhù leru,a jkq we;' Ndckh ,sfmka bj;a lr th rjqug lrljkak" túg Ndckh m;=f,a leru,a jQ iSks fyd¢ka ;ejfrkq we;' ì;a;r" Wl= lsß" jeks,d yd kejqï lsß íf,kavrhlg oukak¦ ñks;a;= 5la wêl fõ.fhka íf,kaâ lr.kak' fuu ì;a;r ñY%Kh leru,a Ndckh u;g j;a lr we¨‍ñkshï f*dhs,a ljrhlska ;Èka jikak¦ kgk c,h iys; Ndckhla u; fuu n÷k ;nd ñks;a;= 20 la yqud,fhka ;ïnd.kak' fyd¢ka ilia fjk ;=re YS;lrKhl ;nd.kak¦ ms<s.kajk n÷k u; leru,a u;=msgg tk f,i mqäu oud.kak¦ fpßj,ska irid ms<s.kajkak'

bka ,efnk Wl= ødjKh mfil ;nkak¦ ;j;a j;=r fldamam folla tla lr fmrd Èh lsß ødjKh mfil ;nd. kak¦ b;sß uKaä bj; ,kak' ;dÉÑhl f;,a r;a lr rkajka meye jk f;la ¿EKq neo.kak¦ iqÿ ¿EKq yd bÕ=‍re fmaiaÜ yd wuq ñßia tla lrkak¦ ñks;a;= 2la neo .kak' ud¿ tla lr u|la nÈkak¦ yd,a msá iu. Èh lsß tla lr ye¢ .kak¦ wêl WIaK;ajfha ud¿ bfok f;la msi.kak¦ ñá lsß ødjKh tla lr ud¿ iïmQ¾Kfhka uDÿ jk f;la

wkq.%yh( b;d m%Œ; rihka( wdydr " Wiia ;;ajfha f;a" u;ameka ñY% m<;=re mdk" bjqï msyqï wdY%s; fmd;a fm< f.k tkqfha kjÈ,a,sfha úfoaY lghq;= ^wud;HxYfha& jks;d ix.uhhs'

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

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ch.%yKh

ch.%yKh l< lKavdhu" úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha w;sf¾l f,alï yd ks, m%ldYl úldia iajrEma uy;d ^jdä ù isà& iu.

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYhg

;re y;la

jHdmdr ikaksfõolhkaf.a ix.uh úiska bka§h rcfha úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYhg iïudk y;la m%odkh flß‚

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fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

uE;l§ bka§h jHdmdr ikaksfõolhkaf.a ix.uh úiska ixúOdkh flreKq W;aijhl§ bka§h rcfha úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh iïudk y;l wNsudkj;a ysñlrejd njg m;aúh' úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha ks, iÕrdj jk bkaÈhdkq o¾Yk fj; tu.ska iïudk y;rla ,eì‚- rka siïudk folla" ß§ iïudk tlla yd f,dalv iïudk tlla jYfhks' tfukau ;j;a fmd;a msxpla,ud¾..; m%pdrKh yd fjí wvúh fjkqfjkao wud;HdxYh iïudkhg md;% úh' úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fufia we.hqug ,la jQfha uqïndfha újkagd nhs gdÊ ys 2016 Tlaf;dan¾ 28 jkod meje;ajqKq 56 fjks jd¾Isl iïudk Wf<f,a§h' oaúudisl iÕrdjla jk bkaÈhd o¾Yk NdId 16 lska uqøKh fjk w;r bka§h ¥; fufyjr 180 la mqrd fnod yef¾'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk ÈkQ iïudk bka§h NdId m%ldYkh ^rka iïudk&( fuu iÕrdj" yskaÈ yd fou< hk bka§h NdId folska uqøKh flf¾' yskaÈ niska jk iÕrdj rgj,a 30 l;a fou< niska jk iÕrdj rgj,a wgl;a fnod yef¾' oaúNdId m%ldYk ^rka iïudkh&( iÕrdjg fuu iïudkh ,enqfKa NdId 16 lska m%ldYkh flfrk neúks' tu NdId jkafka" yskaÈ" wrdì" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾udk" bkaÿkSishdkq" b;d,s" meIafgda" m¾ishdkq" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy,ï cmka" Ök" iamd[a[ yd fou< NdIdjka h' ljr ks¾udKh ^ß§ iïudkh&( iÕrdfõ ljrh ksufjkafka jpk rys;ju ljrfha l:dj ksrEmKh jk mßÈh'’

úfYaIdx. ^f,dalv iïudkh&( iÕrdfõ iEu ksl=;=jlau bka§h Wreuh ms<sn| ,smshlska iukaú; fjhs' iïudkh ysñ jQfha mdGlhka úchk.¾ wêrdcHh ^1336 isg 1646 olajd& fj; f.k .sh —‍yïms ys úiañ; kgnqka˜‍ kï hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreu N+ñfha .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh w<,d ,shQ ,smshhs'

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYhg ;j;a f.!rjhka f.!rj m%ldYk - cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fjkqfjka ksl=;a l< fmd;a msxp ^ß§ iïudkh&( m<uq cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh fjkqfjka wud;HdxYh úiska fmd;a msxpla uqøKh lrkq ,enQ w;r th f,dj mqrd fmr fkdjQ úrE f,i m%;spdrhg ,la úh' fuu m%ldYkh ;=< PdhdrEm yd W;am;k ,sms we;=<;a úh' fjí ikaksfõok - ud¾..; m%pdrKh ^rka iïudkh&( ñ,shk 4'5 lg jeä wkq.ukh lrkakka .Kkla we;s f*aianqla yd Üúg¾ cd,h úfoaY lghq;= mqj;a yd uyck rdcH;dka;%sl;ajh i|yd jk fõÈldjls' fjí wvú- úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha fjí wvúh ^rka iïudkh&( wud;HdxYfha fjí fmdag,h u.ska bkaÈhdfõ ;;a;ajh yd tys oaúmd¾Yaúl in|;d" úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh iy bkaÈhdj ms<sn| úfYaI f;dr;=re f.k yer olajhs' bkaÈhd o¾Yk m%ldYhg m;a lrkqfha MaXposure Media Group kï w.aks È. wdishdfõ yd ueofmrÈ. l,dmfha úYd,;u m%ldYlhka úisks' iÕrdj indiaperspectives.in/magzter yd indiaperspectives.in/issuu fjí wvú ;=<ska lshúh yelsh'

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kj udkhka

fj; hdu

wfÊ foaõ.ka" ;u fojk Ñ;%máh yd fuf;la jeäfhkau f,dj fj; m%fõY jQ Ñ;%mgh jk Ysjdhs iu.ska kj wdl¾YkSh udkhla fj; msúi we; joka |

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ihsn,a peg¾Ô

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2016

fojrla cd;sl iïudk ÈkQ Ñ;%mg k¿fjl= jk wdl¾Ykh lr.ekSug W;aiql ù ;sfí' fuu wfÊ foaõ.ka" yskaÈ Ñ;%mg l¾udka;h ;=< isák Ñ;arkmgh nyqm: wdldrfhka meñ‚fhah' jeäu wdodhï ,nk k¿jka w;r flfkls' Tyq ;u Ñ;%mghla ;srh u; Èfjk úfgl yer úiska wOHlaIKh lrk ,o fojk Ñ;%mgh jk udOH wdl¾Ykfhka neyerj isáug m%sh lrk Ysjdhs iu.ska Tyq ;j;a jrla ;u olaI;djh foaj.ka kï fuu fnd,sjqâ ;rej" m%pdrKh Tmamq lr isà' ;=<ska wid¾:l Ñ;%mghlg hym;la fjk nj f,dj mqrd rgj,a 60 l tljr m%o¾Ykh fkdis;hs' —‍uu ys;kafka wdl¾Ykh .ekSug wdrïN flreKq Ysjdhs" fï jk úg fndlaia m%pdrKh bjy,a fjkjd lshkafka ys;¿jla' T*sia ;;ajhg <Õd ù we;s njla fmfka' —isxyï Ñ;%mghl wkd.;h ;SrKh lrkafka tys m<uq rgj,a 28 l§ ksl=;a flreKd' Ysjdhs bka tydg m%o¾Yk fol"˜‍ Tyq mjihs' f.dia ;sfnkjd˜‍“ hkqfjka fuu k¿jd yd Ysjdhs ;=< cd;Hka;r k¿ ks<shka rÕ mdhs' wOHlaIljrhd mjihs' m%Odk ks<sh jkafka fmda,ka; cd;sl tßld kj Ñ;%mgfha§ foaõ.ka leurdj bÈßmi ld¾ h' ì%;dkH <ud ks<s wìf.a,a Bïia" fuys fukau msgqmi ;rejo fjhs' ;u m%Odk msßñ pß;fha f.d¿ ìysß Èh‚h meyer .ekSfuka miq n,af. oeßhf.a pß;h rÕmdk w;r weh ;srh u; aßhdfõ§ reishdkq ud*shdj yd lsisod oel fkdue;s uj olskq ßiska rÕmEug jvd .efgk uev,sh fkdyels by< n,af.aßhdjg f.dia isáh§ <ud Ñ;%mghla ;,fha ud¾f.damfoaYlfhl=f.a cdjdrïlrejkag yiq fõ' Ysjdhs wOHlaIKh pß;hla Tyq rÕ mdhs' i|yd pß; f;aÍug ld,hla .; lsÍfï§ we;s j.lSu by< ;srh u; rÕmEug jvd jQ kuq;a" tßld ld¾ yd wìf.a,a nj fuu k¿jd Ñ;%mghla wOHlaIKh lsÍfï§ Bïia f;aÍug .; jQfha ñks;a;= ms<s.kS’ we;s j.lSu by< nj Tyq ms<s.kS' ;=kla mu‚' —k¿fjl=g ;u fldgi rÕ mEjdhska Ysjdhs hkq Rcq igkaodu miq t;ekska j.lSu wjika' ta;a Tn wOHlaIKh Ñ;%mghla hkak foaõ.ka m%;slafIam lrhs' —th lrk úg" Ñ;%mgfha iEu ish¿ fohla .eku Ndjd;aul kdgHhla" ;u leue;af;ka f;drj wei .idf.k isáh hq;=hs'˜‍ Ysjdhs Ñ;%mgfha i;=rka iu. m%pKav igkaj, fh§ug isÿfjk ksIamdolo jk wfÊ foaõ.ka mjihs' msh-Èh‚ l:djla"˜‍ Tyq mjihs' foaõ.kaf.a m<uq wOHlaIKh jk —‍hQ fï ´¾ foaõ.kaj úia;r l< yelafla Tyqg fikÕ yï˜‍ kï mjqf,a l:dj fndlaia T*sia fj; hdug weo .ekSug we;s Yla;sh u.ska muKla fkdfõ' wiu;a úh' tfy;a Ñ;%mgh Odjkh jQ wdldrh ;rejla ùfu fj; Tyqf.a m%úIagh wka whf.ka ms<sn|j Tyq t;rïu fkdi;=gg mgq jQfha ke;' fjkia fõ' ;srh u; Tyq vhskuhsÜ jeksh' bka —we,aihsu¾ ms<sn|j l:d l< m<uq jd‚c yskaÈ msg; Tyq lsisÿ ;drlduh njla fkdfmkajhs' Tyq iskud lD;sh jQfha thhs' th ,nd.;a foa ms<sn|j m%isoaO ia:dkj, fmkS isákafka b;d wvqfjks" wi;=gq ùug fohla ;snqfKa keye'˜‍ ;u ckm%sh;ajh i|yd udOHu Ndú;d lrk Ysjdhs i|ydo fkdfhla wdldrfha úpdr ,eî fudfyd;l Tyqf.a m%isoaêh mj;skafkau tksid ;sfnk kuq;a tys we;s igka o¾Yk iy fk;a úh yelsh' fuu w;aoelSï,;a k¿jd ;ud .ek weo.kakd iq¿ jQ oDYH mghka fï fj; rislhka l:d lsÍug Ñ;%mghg bv fohs' Ysjdhso tfiauh'

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jfï isg( wfÊ foaõ.kaf.a ika T*a i¾od¾” isxyï ßg¾kaia yd f.da,aud,a 3 Ñ;%mgj, ksYap, o¾Yk

wx. iïmQ¾K jD;a;slfhl= fuka Tyqo jk úg w;S;hg tla fjñka mj;sk w;r Tyqf.a b;d ia:djrj jhi iu. j¾Okh jk kuq;a welaIka celaika" ika T*a i¾od¾ yd Ysjdhs u.ska Tyq wo Èk fmkS isák ish¿u ks¾udK Tyq kj udkhla fmkakqï lrkq ,nhs' ;=< jk ienE k¿jd msg;g f.k tk nj kj ishji;a iu. fuu k¿jd ;u ;srh mejiSu W.ygh' u; jk m%;srEmh flfuka fjkia jir 25 la ;=< iskud l¾udka;h lr.;a w;r ilaï ^1998& yd o ;u m% : u is k ud ;=< fmkS isák foaõ.ka" jd‚c f,ckaâ T*a N.;a isx ^2002& iu. fmkS isàfuka iskudfõ wmrdOlrefjl=f.a jir myla we;=<; fyd|u k¿jdg oYlhla muK pß;fha;a" f.da,aud,a kdgH ud,dfõ ysñ cd;sl iïudkh ,nd.ekSug .; jk f;la” yeÕSï úrys; m%Odk pß;fha;a isg iu;a jQfõh' wfÊ foaõ. udkjjd§ kdglj, Yla;su;a ñksia foaõ.ka fnd,sjqâ fj; Tyqf.a ka y÷kd .kq ,enqfõ k¿fjl= pß; olajd jk mrdihl pß;j,g wd.ukh iksgqyka lf<a 1991 MQ,a fkdjk mK fmdjhs' ´¾ ldka;a kï w;sid¾:l iskud Ys , a m shl= f,ihs’ iskudjg msúi oYlhla muK lD;sh iu.h' kuq;a jir lsysmhla .; jk f;lau" iskud l¾udka;fha ksIamdolhka Tyqj igka Ys,amsfhl= ksßlaIlhka Tyqj y÷kd.kakd ,oafoa fikÕ f,i muKla fhdod .kakd ,§' mskjk l%shd odu k¿fjl= f,ih" Tyqf.a igka Ysjdhs ys pß;h ;=<ska Tyq jvd ióm ;,hlg cjksld" ;srh u; jk igka /Õ=‍ï iy Tyqf.a f.k tkq ,nhs' kuq;a Ysjdhs ;=<ska wfÊ foaõ. oeä l%ufõohka yryd fm%alaIlfhda Tyq je<| ka kï wOHlaIljrhd meyeÈ,s f,i bÈßhg .;ay' kuq;a foaõ.kaf.a ùr igka N=ñldj fï meñK we;'

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