India perspectives Tamil november-december 2016 by Indian Diplomacy

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rh;tNjr tptfhuq;fs;> ntspg;gLk; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa fzf;fpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; www.indiawrites.org xU Nghh;l;ly; kw;Wk; ,-gj;jphpf;if-,jo; ,e;jpah iul;]; nel;nthh;f;fpd; jiyik vbl;luhf Kdp\; re;j; ,Uf;fpwhh;. 8tJ gphpf;]; cr;rpkhehl;bw;fhf mth; Nfhth te;jhh;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

$l;lhz;ik

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ePz;l ghHit: Mrpa E} w;whz;il ,ize;J tbtikj;jy;

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,e;jpah mwptpj;jJ. ,jw;fpilapy;> ehse;jh gy;fiyf;fofj;ij xU rHtNjr mwpT ikakhf GJg;gpg;gjd; %yk; Gj;j kjj;jpw;F Gj;Japuspj;J tUfpwJ. kPfhq; ejpapYs;s ,e;jpa fy;ntl;Lfs; kw;Wk; gfpug;gl;l fyhr;rhu FwpaPl;L Mtzq;fis Muha ,e;jpah ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ. \y;yhq;fpy; cs;s Mrpahd; Ma;T ikakhdJ tHj;jfk;> Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu ghptHj;jidfspd; cwTfis tphpthf;f vy;iy jhz;b tphpTg;gLj;j cWjpaspj;Js;sJ. fhy; E}w;whz;by; midj;J tpjkhd cwTfisAk; cUthf;fp ,e;jpah kw;Wk; Mrpahd; ,g;NghJ Gjpa Jiwfis Muha Kaw;rpj;J tUfpwJ. xU Mrpa E}w;whz;L fdit edthf;f mtHfs; nghpjhf jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;> Ngr;RthHj;ij elj;j Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; rkNah[pjkhf rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

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Kfg;G gf;fk;: ,e;jpa gpujkH eNue;jpu Nkhb tpaQ;rhdpy; [g;ghd; gpujkH jpU. \pd;Nrh mNg mtHfis re;jpf;fpwhH kw;Wk; NkNy: Mrpahd; kw;Wk; fpof;F Mrpah cr;rp khehl;bw;fhf yh gpbMHf;F tUif jUtjw;fhf gpujkH Nkhb tpaQ;rhd; tUfpwhH

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rp#ypj; mtHfis gpujkH Nkhb tpaQ;rhdpy; re;jpf;fpwhH

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tpal;ehk; gpujkH Fnad; #thd; gp`{f; mtHfSld; gpujkH Nkhb

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gpujkH Nkhb `Ndha; tUifapd; NghJ fpof;F Mrpa cr;rpkhehl;by; nfhhpa Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp jpUkjp ghHf; n[apd;-`Na mtHfis re;jpf;fpwhH

,ijnahl;b> rPdh kw;Wk; u\;ah ,ilapyhd ,Ujug;G tHj;jfkhdJ mDgtpf;Fk; tphpthd rkNah[pj 2015 ,y; mtHfspd; Muk;g ,yf;fhd $l;lhz;ik" apy; GJ jpy;ypAlhd 6 gpy;ypad; lhyiu tpl mjpfkhf mjd; cwit tpal;ehk; Nkk;gLj;jpaJ. mjhtJ 76 gpy;ypad; lhyh; <l;b jdpg;gl;l njd;fpof;F mjpNtfkhf tsHe;J Mrpa ehLfSld; tUfpwJ. Mdhy; ,d;Dk; kl;Lky;yhky; midj;J mjpfkhf nra;ayhk;. ,e;jpahtpd; fpof;F Mrpahd; ehLfSlDk; ntWk; rl;l %Nyhghaj;ij GJ jpy;yp Mokhd ,uz;liu cwT itj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;Lfspy;> ,af;Fk; ,e;j tpUk;GfpwJ vd;gij Nkhb murhq;fk; midj;J mtuJ tUif mjd; AEPfhuzpfspYk;> tpthpf;fpwJ. apy; kpfg;nghpa tHj;jfNk Kjd;ik ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij fpof;Nf nray;gL vd;w epfo;j;jpAs;sJ. ce;Jrf;jpahf Af;jpia ,af;Fk; ,e;j Ntfkhf khWk; ,Uf;fpwJ. midj;J fhuzpfspYk;> g+Nfhs murpay; tHj;jfNk Kjd;ik ep[q;fspd; ce;Jrf;jpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jpah fhuzkhf> Mrpahd; kw;Wk; Mrpahd; ehLfs; 2009 Mk; ehLfSldhd ,e;jpahtpd; Mz;by; jq;fs; tHj;jf xg;ge;jj;ij cwTfSf;F AEP $Ljy; ,Wjp nra;jjpypUe;J mtw;Wf;F Ntfk; nfhLj;Js;sJ.

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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Kd;Ndw;wk;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Ntiytha;g;Gfspy; tsh;r;rpahdJ cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; cw;gj;jpapd; gq;F tpz;zg;gjhuh;fspd; mjpfhpg;G vz;zpf;ifapy; 25 rjtPjk; mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Njrpa Ntfkpy;yhj Neuj;jpy;> gpujkh; eNue;jpu cw;gj;jp nfhs;if ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ. vdNt> Nkhb mth;fspd; ~];lhh;l;mg; ,e;jpah| jpl;lk; ~Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpahTld; Nrh;e;J ];lhh;l;mg; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;jpah nray;jpl;lkhdJ tUk; Mz;Lfspy; mLj;j cyfpd; Ntfkhd nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fs; Ntiytha;g;G njhopy;Jiwahf ,Uf;Fk;. Eioe;Js;s NghjpYk;> muR Ntiyapd;ik ,d;W mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; gphpl;lDf;F mjpfhpg;G kPJ mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sJ. mLj;jgbahf ,e;jpah Ntiytha;g;Gfspy; rkPgj;jpa Mrpa-grpgpf; kdpj mgptpUj;jp cyfpd; %d;whtJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. mwpf;ifapd; gb> ngUfptUk; 2017 ,y; nkd;nghUs; kf;fs; njhif fhuzkhf Ntiytha;g;Gfspy; kl;Lk; mLj;j 35 Mz;Lfspy; 800>000 Ntiyfs; cUthFk; mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; Ntiyfs; NjLtjpy; vd;W eh];fhk; kjpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. gphpl;lDf;F ,e;jpah xU jPtpu rthiy xU eph;thf mYtyfj;ij mLj;jgbahf vjph;nfhs;Sk;. 1991 kw;Wk; mikf;f Fiwe;j nrytpy; ,e;jpah 2013f;F ,ilNa> 'Ntiy nghwpapay; jpwik fpilf;Fk; nra;Ak; taJila" kf;fspd; xU ehl;by; mjpf mstpy; Ntiytha;gG ; fspy; msT 300 kpy;ypad; Mf KjyPL nra;a gy epWtdq;fs; cyfpd; %d;whtJ mjpfhpj;Js;sJ mNjrkak; Mh;khf cs;sd. ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. 140 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; kl;LNk nghUshjhuj;jhy; KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F thpr; ftdpf;fg;gLthh;fs; vd mwptpg;G rYiffs; toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,e;jpa murpd; njhptpf;fpwJ. ,e;j R+oypy;> murhq;fj;jpd; nray;jpl;lq;fs; Gjpa njhopy;fSf;F ,ul;il nry;y jpl;lq;fs; Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah Mjutspg;gjw;F xU Cf;fpahf kw;Wk; ];lhh;l;mg; ,e;jpah ,e;j gpur;rpidf;F nray;gLk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. muR Muk;g xU rhpahd jPh;thf Njhd;WfpwJ. njhopy;fSf;F rpwg;G epjpahf &.10>000 Nfhb rPdhtpy; cyfshtpa tPo;r;rpapd; tpisthf fhuzkhf cw;gj;jp Jiwapy; rhpitf; fhZk; NghJ> mjpf Ntiyfis cUthf;FtJ xU mtru Njitahf cs;sJ. mLj;J tUk; gj;jhz;Lfspy; 100 kpy;ypad; Ntiyfis cUthf;f nkhj;j

GJ jpy;ypapy; ];lhh;l;mg; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ];Nlz;l;mg; ,e;jpah jpl;l mwpKf tpohtpy; gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

gpujkh; ];lhh;l;mg; gpujpepjpfs;> VCf;fs; kw;Wk; gq;F KjyPl;lhsh;fSld; ciuahLfpwhh;

xJf;fpaJ Nghf> fhg;Ghpikfs; nryTfspy; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpah ,uz;lhtJ 80 rjtPjk; js;Sgbfs; toq;fpAs;sJ. jiyKiw b[pl;ly; Gul;rp Muk;g epiyapy; %d;W tUlq;fSf;F thp kw;Wk; ,zf;f cs;sJ> kUj;Jtk;> fy;tp> ,-fhkh;];> Ma;Tfspy; tpyf;Ffs; njhopJiwf;F tpUe;Njhk;gy;> tptrhak; kw;Wk; fpuhkj;jpy; xU tha;g;ghf cs;sjhf ty;Yeh;fs; Gjpa Ntiyfis cUthf;f topelj;Jjy; ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. Nghd;w Gjpa nghUshjhuk; tpiuthf ngUfptUk; epWtdq;fspd; Mw;wiy ,iza gadh;fs; khw;Wk;. tsh;e;J tUk; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; kf;fs;njhifapd; gpd;dzpapy; b[pl;ly; thq;Fgth; mwpit KjyPll ; hsh;fSf;F cyfpd; Ntfkhf tsh;e;J Cf;fg;gLj;jp rkPgj;jpa muR thpr; rYiffs; tUk; Ntiytha;g;G njhlf;f tUlq;fspy; jq;fsJ ,e;jpa ,lq;fspy xd;whf ,e;jpah KjyPLfSf;fhd gy Jzpfu toq;FtJ Gjpa ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ehl;by; KjyPl;L epjpfs; gpy;ypad; njhopy;fs; cUthf nkhigy; ,iza gadh; lhyh;fs; jpul;bAs;sd. cjTk; kl;lk; 2013 y; 15.1 rjtPjkhf [g;ghdpd; rh/g;l;Ngq;f; kw;Wk; ,Ue;jJ 2016 y; 34.18 tpxh;f;> mYtyf ,lj;ij rjtPjkhf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. toq;Fk; epA+ahh;f;if rhh;e;j 2016 y;> ,e;jpahtpy; ,iza gadh;fspy; toq;Feh; vd jq;fs; ,e;jpa jpl;lq;fis 43.8 rjtPjk; Ngh; ,izaj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;s gy epWtdq;fs; cs;sd. nghUl;fis thq;fpAs;sdh;. 2019 ,y; ,e;j fle;j Mz;L Rkhh; $ 11 gpy;ypad; ,Ue;j vz;zpf;if 64.4 rjtPjkhf tsUk; vd ,e;jpa ,iza th;j;jfk; 2025 Mk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Mz;by; $ 220 gpy;ypad; Mf caUk; khWtjw;F epjp jpul;Ltjpy; murhq;fk; xU vd Ngq;f; Mg; mnkhpf;fh nkh;hpy; Cf;fkhd gjpiyAk; gpy;ypad; fzf;fhd ypQ;r; fzpj;Js;sJ. lhyh;fisAk; ngw;W tUfpwJ. ngUfptUk; nkd;nghUs; jtpu> ViofSf;fhd kpd;rhu Njitfis G+h;j;jp nra;aTk; kUj;Jt nkd;nghUs; kw;Wk; tPLfSf;F kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;ig cUthf;fTk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; Nrhyhh; Ngdy;fs; 2022 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; R+hpa jpwid Nghd;w gFjpfspy; njhopy; Ie;J klq;F mjhtJ Jtq;Ftjw;F fdprkhd 100>000 nkfhthl; Mf KjyPl;lhsfs; Mh;tk; cah;j;j Nkhb muR jpl;lk; r%f jhf;fk; fhl;b tUfpd;wdh;. r%f tFj;Js;sJ. Muk;g njhopy;fspy; jhf;fk; Muk;g njhopy;fspy; cyfpNyNa ,sikahd KjyPli ; lg; KjyPl;ilg; nghWj;j tiu Gjpa njhopy;KidNthh;fis ,e;jpah xU nghpa re;ij nfhz;l ehL ,e;jpahjhd;> nghWj;j tiu tha;g;ig toq;FfpwJ. Vwf;Fiwa 70 rjtPjk; ,e;jpah xU nghpa fpuhkg;Gw ,e;jpahtpy; njhopy; KidNthh; 35 re;ij tha;gi ; g cs;s kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd taJf;F Fiwthdth;fshf toq;FfpwJ. kf;fs; ,d;Dk; Rj;jkhd ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;jpahtpy; FbePh;> fopg;giwfs; xt;nthU ehSk; Rkhh; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; ,y;yhky; %d;W ehd;F Gjpa ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. fpuhkg;Gw gphpT tUlj;jpw;F Ib epWtdq;fs; gpwf;fpd;wd. gy 8-10 rjtPjk; vd;w MNuhf;fpakhd Mz;Lfshf> Ntiy NjLtij tpl Ntfj;jpy; tsh;e;J tUfpwJ kw;Wk; Ntiyia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W 2017 ,y; Efh;T Njit $ 100 gpy;ypad; ,isQh;fspd; kdg;Nghf;fpy; xU R+l;rk Mf ,Uf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ehl;bYs;s 2018 ,Wjpf;Fs; xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpw;Fk; ,isQh;fspd; fdTfSf;F ,wf;iffs; kpd;rhuk; toq;Ftjhf gpujkh; Nkhb cWjp nfhLf;f ~];lhh;l;mg; ,e;jpah' xU rhpahd mspj;jijj; njhlh;e;J R+hpa Mw;wYf;F fskhf cs;sJ.

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

nrhl;LePh; ghrdk; %yk; ePiu

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,e;jpa juprdk;

ka+hp Kfh;[p

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

mit tah;fSld; fl;lg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tptrhapfspd; tho;it ghjpf;Fk; ehl;bYs;s mikg;ghdJ bhpg;gh;fs; milgLtij jLf;Fk; epyg;gug;gpd; vy;iyfs;> epytpay;> clypay;> tpjj;jpy; tbfl;bfs; cl;gl xU Kf;fpa> njhopy;El;gj;jpd; jw;Nghija epiy kw;Wk; xU Jiz Kf;fpa> gf;fthl;L bhpg;gh;fs; tsq;fis mwpe;J ,e;jpa muR twl;rpia kw;Wk; Njitahd ghfq;fSk; kw;Wk; Fiwf;f gy;NtW Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L cuq;fis cgNahfpg;gjw;fhfTk; mj;Jld; tUfpwJ. ,jpy; nrhl;L ePh; ghrdk; Nghd;w Ez; cuq;fs; tpuakhtij jtph;gg ; jw;fhfTk; ghrd El;gq;fis Cf;fg;gLj;JtJk; mlq;Fk;. ntd;R+hp vd miof;fg;gLk; cuj; 2022 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; 20 yl;rk; njhl;bfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. n`f;NlUf;F mjpfkhd epyj;jpw;F xU gpiza Foha; mikg;gpd; nrhl;L ePh; ghrdk; mspf;f muR nrhl;L ePh; %ykhf> Njitahd msT jpl;lkpLfpwJ. cz;ikapNyNa> ghrdj;ij ePh; xt;nthU jhtuj;jpw;Fk; ePh; Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l jhpR epyq;fs;> jpdKk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ> cw;gj;jpj;jpwDld; Nrh;jJ ; cuq;fs;> ,jd;%yk; nrYj;Jk;NghJ kw;Wk; G+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsh; kiyfs;> kw;Wk; tpepNahfpf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; ePh; Mfpatw;Wf;F MFk; nryTfis flNyhu kzy; ,og;G Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. gaphpd; Fiwg;gJ cl;gl fhuzpfs; Fwpj;j gFjpfspy; epoy; gFjpapYs;s NtUf;F kl;LNk mjd; nghUshjhu jhf;fk; kw;Wk; nray;gLj;jyhk; ePh; nrYj;jg;gLtjdhy; Nkw;gug;G xl;Lnkhj;j nray;jpwid Ma;T epyj;jpypUe;J MtpahFk; ePh; ,og;G nra;a xU rpwg;G nray;FOit Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. ePuhdJ Fwpg;gpl;l gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb mth;fs; ,lq;fspy; rpy gaph;fSf;F 100 rjtPjk; vd;w rkPgj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpAs;shh;. cah; tpisr;ry; mjpfhpg;ig toq;FtJld; ed;ikfs; Nkw;gug;G ghrdj;jpy; 40-70 rjtPjk; tiu nrhl;LePh; tay;fs; KOtJk; ghuk;ghpakhd Fiwe;j ghrdk; %yk; ePh; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd Ma;T mlh;jj ; pAila ghypnaj;jpypd; (LDPE) njhpag;gLj;JfpwJ. Foha;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf> nrhl;L ePh; ghrdj;ij jhpR epyq;fs;> Nth;fspy; kl;LNk ePh; nrhl;Lfs; tpOk;gb kiyfs;> mNj Nghy; twz;l kw;Wk; flNyhu

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

,lkpUe;J tyk;: njspg;ghd; jiy kyh;fs; kw;Wk; Gy;Yf;F ePh; gha;r;RfpwJ> ePiu Nrkpf;Fk; nrhl;L ePh; ghrd Kiw xU ];l;uhnghp gz;izapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ> xU gz;izapy; rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; xU cau;j;jg;gl;Ls;s Njhl;lj;Jg; ghj;jpapYs;s ghrd mikg;G

kzy; gFjpfspYk; nray;gLj;jyhk;. ,e;j nray;Kiwapy; ePh; jpdKk; gha;rr ; g;gLtjdhy; kw;Wk; <ug;gj kz;lyj;jpw;F ntspg;Gwj;jpy; cg;ghdJ js;sg;gLtjdhy; mjhtJ gaphpd; NthpypUe;J cg;ig J}ug;gLj;Jtjdhy; ,J cg;G my;yJ cth; ePiu Xustpw;F gad;gLj;j mDkjpf;fpwJ. fis tsh;rr ; p kw;Wk; kz; mhpg;gpy; fzprkhd Fiwg;G> nray;ghLfspy; nefpo;jd;ik> Nkhrkhd epyj;jpYk; cah; nghUe;Je;jd;ik NkYk; njhopyhsh;fs;> fhpk cuk; kw;Wk; urhad cuq;fs; nryTfspy; fzprkhd Nrkpg;G Nghd;wit gpw Kf;fpa ed;ikfshFk;.

njhopy;El;g rhj;jpaf; $W kw;Wk; r%f Vw;Gld; Nrh;jJ ; > ,e;j jpl;lk; kpf mjpfkhd nryT gad; tpfpjj;ij (11:32) nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

jpl;lq;fs;

2016 mf;Nlhghpy; ghfy;Nfhl; khtl;lk;> `d;Fz;l; jhYfhtpy; uhk;jhy; kNuhy; nrhl;L ePh; ghrd jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lj;ij Jtq;fpa fh;ehlfh nkhj;jk; 35>000 n`f;Nlh; epyg;gug;gpy; (Kjy; fl;lkhf 11>000 n`f;Nlh; kw;Wk; 2tJ fl;lkhf 24>000 n`f;Nlh;) mikj;J cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa xw;iw nrhl;L ePh; ghrd jpl;lj;jpd; jhafkhf jpfo;fpwJ. `d;Fz;l; jhYfh KOtJk; 30 fpuhkq;fspy; nrhl;LePh; ghrdj;ij nghUshjhu 15>000 rpW> FW tptrhapfSf;Fk; Kw;Nghf;fhd epiyj;jd;ik mjpfkhNdhh; gadilAk; ,e;j & tptrhapfs; ,e;j mikg;gpd; nrythdJ 768 Nfhb jpl;lkhdJ nrhe;jkhf tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs; vd;gJ tsh;ff ; g;Lk; gaph;fspd; tif> fl;lg;gl;l xU ,af;f kw;Wk; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gLk; ,ilntsp> ghpkhw;w (BOOT) khjphpapd; Ma;T KbTfspy; ePh; Njit kw;Wk; ePh; Mjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nel;lhgpk; ,e;jpah ep&gzkhfpAs;sJ miktplk; Mfpaw;iw nghWj;J gpiuNtl; ypkpnll; kw;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Njq;fha; kw;Wk; n[apd; ePhg ; g ; hrdj;jpdhy; $l;lhf khq;fha; Nghd;w mjpf ,ilntspAs;s nray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gaph;fSf;F n`f;NlUf;F &. 20>000,e;jpahtpy; nrhl;L ePh; ghrd Jiwapy; 25>000 tiuapYk; fUk;G> fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; Muha;rr ; pfs; 1970 Mk; Mz;by; Jtq;fg;gl;l gUj;jp Nghd;w neUf;fkhd ,ilntspapyhd NghjpYk;> mjpf Muk;g KjyPL Njit fhuzkhf thpirapYs;s gaph;fSf;F n`f;NlUf;F & 45>000- ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; tsh;rr ; pahdJ nkJthfTk; kw;Wk; 50>000 tiuapYk; Muk;gj;jpy; epWTtjw;fhd jz;zhP ; gw;whf;FiwAs;s gFjpfspy; kl;LNk nryT NtWgLfpwJ. ,J nryTkpf;fjhf nray;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. njd;id kw;Wk; ,Ug;gpDk;> ,d;W nrhl;LePh; ghrdkhdJ gpw Njhl;lj; njhopy;fSf;F mjpf jz;zhP ; Kw;Nghf;fhd tptrhapfspd; tpUg;gj; Njh;thf Njitg;gl;ljdhy; Nfus muR 1990fspy; ,Ug;gjhf Nrhjid KbTfs; ep&gpj;Js;sd. ,k;Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. jpuhl;ir Nghd;w ngUk;ghyhd khepyq;fspy; ep&gzkhd gog; gaph;fSf;fhf fh;ehlfh kw;Wk; Me;jpug;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

gpuNjrk; ,ij iff;nfhz;lJ mjd;gpd; epyg;gug;ig nfhz;l [hh;ff ; z;lb ; y; xU ,J F[uhj;> kj;jpag; gpuNjrk;> kfhuh\;buh> tha;gG ; ,Ue;jjdhy; ,J rhj;jpakhapw;W. uh[];jhd; tiu gutpaJ. Vndd;why; nrhl;L goq;Fbapdh; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf khepy muR ePh; ghrdkhdJ nghpa gz;izfSf;F gFjpasT epjpAjtpaspf;Fk; ];th;z[ ; ae;jp kl;LNk Nkw;gug;G ghrdj;ij tpl nghUshjhu fpuhk; ];tNuh[;fh; Nah[;dh vd;w rpwg;G hpjpahf kpfTk; rhj;jpakhdjhf nray;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;> ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Nel;lhgpk; vg;gpv]; (FPS)I nghpa gz;izfs; $l tsh;ej ; mwpKfg;gLj;j mOj;jj;ij nghpa gz;izfspy; ehLfspy; cs;s gz;izfSld; <Lnra;Ak; mikg;ig gad;gLj;jp nrhl;L ePh; xg;gpLk;NghJ eLj;ju ,g;NghjpUf;fpw nrhl;LePh; ghrd ghrdkhdJ msTilajhfNt ,Ue;jd. Kiwia Nkk;gLj;jpAs;sJ. Nkw;gug;G ghrdj;ij midj;J gz;izfSf;Fk; xU caukhd ,lj;jpy; jz;zhP ; kpd;rhuk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. njhl;b itg;gjd; %yk; ,ij tpl nghUshjhu vdNt> 2010 Mk; Mz;L epWTtjw;fhd nrytpy; Rkhh; 50 hPjpahf kpfTk; Nel;lhgpk; ,e;jpahtpy; Kf;fpa rjtPjj;ij Fiwf;Fk; mstpw;F rhj;jpakhdjhFk; Ntshz;ikf;fhd mjd; FLk;g ,J tsh;rr ; paile;Js;sJ. nrhl;LePh; mikg;ig (FPS) ,e;j vg;gpv]; (FPS) cUthf;Fk; tiu> rpwpa tptrhapfs; nrhl;L KiwahdJ nrhl;LePh; ghrdj;jpw;F mjpf ePh; ghrdk; Kiwf;F Fiwe;j Kd;DhpikNa mstpyhd tptrha epyk; Njit vd;gij nfhLj;J te;jdh;. kWj;Js;sJ NkYk; ,t;thW ,e;jpah ngUk;ghyhd tptrha epyq;fs; xU KOtjpYk; mjpfjpfkhd tptrhapfs; ,g;NghJ Vf;fUf;F Fiwthf ,y;yhky; Mdhy; rPuw;w ,ij gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdh;.

ghuk;ghpa kw;Wk; nrhl;L ePh; ghrdj;jpy; ePh; gad;ghl;il xg;gpLjy; Crop Banana

Traditional method - Water

Traditional method - Yield

1760

57.5

Drip Irrigation method - Water

Drip Irrigation method - Yield

% Saving in water

% Increase in yield

970

87.5

Grapes

532

26.4

278

32.5

Citrus

1660

100

640

150

Tomato

300

180

Brinjal

Chilli

100

4.2

6.1

Sugarcane

2150

128

940

2.3

2.9

Cotton

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

,];Nuh ,U Rw;Wtl;lg;ghij gzp %yk; kw;nwhU iky;fy;iy

mile;Js;sJ

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,e;jpa juprdk;

m[a; yPNy;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

itf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh;> 1 kzp Neuk; 5 2016 nrg;lk;gh; 26> md;W ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp epkplq;fs; fopj;J> PSLV ehd;fhk; fl;lj;jpd; Muha;r;rp ikak; (,];Nuh) Fiwe;j Gtp Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; vl;L nraw;iff;Nfhis ,uz;L ,ae;jpuq;fs; 20 tpdhbfspy; kPz;Lk; gw;witf;fg;gl;L mdY}l;lg;gl;lJ. ntw;wpfukhf nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;j PSLV ,e;j tpz;fyj;ij ePs; Rw;Wtl;lg; C-35 gzp gy topfspy; jdpj;JtkhdjhFk;. ghijapy; Eioa cjtpaJ NkYk; mijj; JUt nraw;iff;Nfhs; VTjsk; (PSLV) njhlh;e;J 50 epkplq;fSf;Fg; gpwF PSLVkPz;Lk; xUKiw ,e;jpahtpd; kpfTk; apd; ehd;fhk; epiyahdJ kw;nwhU 20 ek;gfkhd ge;jaf; Fjpiuahf jd;id tpehbfSf;F kPz;Lk; ,ae;jpuq;fis gw;w ep&gpj;Js;sJ. ,J PSLV-apd; 36tJ itj;jJ. ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ gw;witg;G mLj;jLj;j ntw;wpfukhd VTjyhFk;. kPjKs;s VO nraw;iff;Nfhs;fSk; NkYk;> ,e;jg; gzpapy; tpz;ntspf;F xU rhpahd Rw;Wg;ghijapy; Eioe;jJ xU Kf;fpakhd ,e;jpa thdpiy vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. nraw;iff;Nfhs; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; SCATSAT-1 MdJ tspkz;lytpay; gzp %yk;> ,];Nuh Kjy; Kiwahf xNu nraw;iff;Nfhs;fspd; ,e;jpa ,Ug;gpd; tPr;rpy; ntt;NtW Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; NkYk; xU Kf;fpakhd Nrh;ifahFk;. ,e;j nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpAs;sJ. nraw;iff;Nfhs; ,e;jpahtpd; thdpiy cyfpd; rpyh; kl;LNk xw;iwg; gzpapy; Kd;dwptpg;G NritfSf;F cjTk; NkYk; ,uz;L ntt;NtW tl;lg;ghijfspy; ,g;NghjpUf;Fk; R+whtsp fz;lwpjy; kw;Wk; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;Jk; jpwid fz;fhzpg;G Nritfspd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;F ngw;wpUf;fpwdh;. rkPgj;jpy;> vf;];gPhpad; gq;fspf;Fk;. ,J Ie;J tUl tbtikg;G xd;wpaj;jpd; Ntfh VT jsk; ,e;j MAisAila 2009 Mk; Mz;by; Vtg;gl;l jpwid fhz;gpj;jJ. Xrpad;Nrl;-2 (Oceansat-2)f;fhd xU khw;W PSLV C-35 MdJ 720 fp.kP. nraw;iff;Nfhshf fUjg;gLfpwJ. SCATSATcauj;jpy; 371 fpNyh vilAs;s 1-apd; Nkk;gl;l gad;ghl;lf thdpiy nraw;iff;Nfhis Mw;wy; tsj;jpd; fhuzkhf> (SCATSAT-1) JUt R+hpa Gjpa khw;W myfhdJ xj;jpaq;F Rw;Wg;ghijapy; ,];Nuh Kjy; mjpf Jy;ypaj;Jld; juT (Polar SSO) mDg;gpAs;sJ. Kiwahf xNu cs;sPLfis toq;Fk; vd epiyahd PSLV fl;likg;G tPrr ; py; ntt;NtW vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. gb> ,e;j nraw;iff;Nfhs; Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; ,e;jg; gzpapy;> ,e;jpa Vtg;gl;l Rkhh; 17 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;l ,uz;L epkplq;fspy; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fSk; cs;sd nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kPjKs;s nrYj;jpAs;sJ - mit fy;tp epWtdq;fs; VO nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis cUthf;fpa PISAT kw;Wk; NtW Rw;Wg;ghijapy; rhpahf PRATHAM nraw;iff;Nfhs;fs; MFk;. mikg;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy;jhd; ,];Nuh my;[Phpahtpd; (ALSAT-1B, 2B kw;Wk; 1N) tpQ;Qhdpfspd; cz;ikahd njhopy;El;g %d;W th;j;jf Nghh;tpkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; fdlh rthy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J ,];Nuh Nkw;nfhz;l (NLS-19) kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fh (Pathfinder-1) kpf ePz;l gzpfspy; xd;whFk;> ,J 2 kzp ,uz;bypkpUe;J xU Nghh;tpkhdKk; kPjKs;s 15 epkplq;fs; ePbj;jJ. PSLV nrYj;jpapd; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fspy; mlq;Fk;. filrp kw;Wk; ehd;fhk; fl;lkhdJ gy;fiyf;fof khzth;fis Njitahd Af;jpfis ifahs ,Uf;fpwJ nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis cUthf;f ,e;jpah NkYk; Njhuhakhf ,uz;L kzpNeu Cf;fg;gLj;JtNj ,e;jg; gzpapd; fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fs; ,ae;jpuj;ij ,uz;L Kf;fpakhd Nehf;fkhFk;. ,];Nuh fle;j Kiw Md; nra;J M/g; nra;tNj Kf;fpa rpy Mz;Lfshf mjd; tpz;ntsp jpl;lj;jpy; rthyhFk;. ehd;fhk; fl;l Jz;bg;G %yk;> SCATSAT -1 nraw;iff;Nfhs; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; khzth;fspd; gq;Nfw;ig Cf;fg;gLj;jp

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

tUfpwJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,];Nuh tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j nraw;iff;Nfhs; xd;gJ khzth; nraw;iff;Nfhis Njhuhakhf &. 1.5 Nfhb gl;n[l;by; nrYj;jpAs;sJ kw;Wk; tbtikj;jy;> cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. IIT-B khzth;fs; fl;Lkhdk; kw;Wk; ghpNrhjidapy; khzt jq;fsJ fdit edthf;f fbdkhf r%fj;jpw;F njhopy;El;g topfhl;Ljiy cioj;Js;sdh;. tiuT FOtpypUe;J toq;fp tUfpwJ. nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis cz;ikahd ntspaPl;Lf;F> ,e;j Ntiyia cz;ikahf jpl;lkpLjy;> Kbg;gjw;F vl;L Mz;Lfs; tbtikj;jy; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; VO gl;lk; ngWk; fl;Lkhdj;ij mzpfs; Njitg;gl;lJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;L khzth;fNs nra;fpwhh;fs;. khzth; r%fj;ij Kf;fpa Kjy;> ,];Nuh gpujk; (PRATHAM) Muha;rpahsh;fshf (PI) xd;gJ khzth; mj;jifa xU ~jahhpg;G| itj;J> gy khzt mzpfs; MFk;> ,J ,e;jpa jhq;fs; Njh;r;rpngw;W nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis epWtdk; njhopy;El;gntspNa nry;Yk; NghJ> nrYj;jpAs;sJ Kk;ig (IIT-B) khzth;fspd; nraw;iff;Nfhspd; gq;F fUj;jhf;fk;> jpl;lkply;> Kiwahf mLj;j epiyf;F fw;wy;> ghpNrhjid> tbtikj;jy; kw;Wk; Njh;r;rp ngw;wij cWjpg;gLj;jpdh;. jahhpg;gpd; Vwf;Fiwa gj;jhz;L fhy ,e;j IIT-B nraw;iff;Nfhs; gydhFk;. 1km X 1km miktplk; vd;w madpkz;lyj;jpy; vyf;l;uhd; vz;zpf;ifia xU jPh;Tld; madpkz;lyj;jpy; nkhj;j mstpLk; vd;gjhy;> ,jd; jfty;fs; vyf;l;uhd; vz;zpf;ifia (TEC) mstpl Rdhkpfis fz;lwpa cjTk;> jfty;njhlh;G 10 fpNyh vilAs;s rpwpa nraw;iff;Nfhs; gpiofis Fiwf;Fk; kw;Wk; [pgpv]; (GPS)

SCATSAT-1 tpz;fykhdJ ntg;gf; ftrj;ij ,uz;L gFjpfshf nfhz;l PSLV-C35Ald; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Kiwf;fhd ,e;jpa khw;W Jy;ypaj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk;. PSLV C-35 Nkw;nfhz;l gpw ,iz gazpfs; nraw;iff;Nfhs; PISAT MFk;> ,J ngq;fSU PES gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; mjd; $l;likg;gpDila khzth;fspd; <Lghl;lhy; cUthdjhFk;. 5.25 fpNyh vilAs;s njhiyit czUk; rpW nraw;iff;Nfhs; ,e;jpahit ikag;gLj;jp G+kpia glk; vLf;Fk;. ,J xU %d;W mr;R gl cWjpg;gLj;jy; mikg;G nfhz;Ls;sJ NkYk; nraw;iff;Nfhspy; cs;s njhiyj;njhlh;G kw;Wk; njhiyfl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;Gfs; nraw;iff;Nfhs; Vtpa gpwfhd fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; guhkhpg;Gf;F cjTk;. ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp epWtdk; vg;NghJk; mjd; tpz;ntsp epfo;r;rp epuypy; r%f-nghUshjhu ftd guhkhpg;Gf;F cWjpaspf;Fk; xU Kw;Nghf;fhd mikg;G vd;gjhy;> PSLV C-35I nrYj;jpaJ ,];Nuhtpd; GJikahd jd;ik vd;gJ kPz;Lk; ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;NghjpUf;fpw uhf;nfl; tpQ;Qhdpfs; midj;J vjph;fhy gzpfspd; Kd;ddp nghWg;igAk; ,sk; ,uj;jj;jpw;Fs; nrYj;Jfpwhh;fs; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,sk; kdJfis ,g;NghJ mjpfstpy; <LgLj;Jfpd;wdh;. epWj;jy; KidAld; njhlh;gw;w nkhigy; Nrit NfhGuj;Jld; KOtJk; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l PSLV-C35

,];Nuh ,e;jpa khztUila nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis Rw;wptl;lg;ghijapy; tpl;Ls;sJ Sl. No.

Mass (kg)

Date

Name

Student Group

April 20, 2009

ANUSAT

July 12, 2010

STUDSAT

LESS THAN 1

April 20, 2011

YOUTHSAT

October 12, 2011

SRMSAT

10.9

October 12, 2011

JUGNU

June 22, 2016

SATHYABAMASAT

June 22, 2016

SWAYAM

College of Engineering, Pune

September 26, 2016

PISAT

PESIT and consortium of colleges

September 26, 2016

PRATHAM

MIT Chennai 7 engineering college consortium

Indian and Russian universities SRM University, Chennai IIT-Kanpur

1.5

Sathyabama University, Chennai

10.15

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

IIT-Bombay

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

,e;jpah jpwikahd kdpj Mw;wy;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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gpujhd; ke;jphp fT\y; tpfh]; Nah[dh-2

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw elf;Fk; cyf jpwd;fs; rh;tNjr Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpahtpd; gq;Nfw;ig topelj;j rpwe;j jpwikahsiu Njh;e;njLf;f jpwd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; njhopy; KidT (MSDE) kw;Wk; NSDC mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; xU Njrpa Nghl;bia ,e;jpa jpwd;fs; Md;iydpy; [dhjpgjp gpuzhg; Kfh;[p jpwe;J itj;jhh;.

LMIS tsh;r;rpf;fhd Kd;dzp epWtdkhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Njrpa gapw;rp Cf;Ftpg;Gj; jpl;lk;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Gifg;glk;

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,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s xU rpwpa efukhd f[{uhN`h ,e;jpahtpd; Gfo;ngw;w Rw;Wyh ];jyq;fspy; xd;whFk; kw;Wk; mjd; kpfr; rpwe;j Nfhtpy; fiyf;fhf cyfk; KOtJk; Gfo; ngw;Ws;sJ. fp.gp. 900 kw;Wk; 1130 tUlq;fSf;F ,ilapy; rz;nlyh Ml;rpahsh;fshy; fl;lg;gl;l f[{uhN`h Nfhtpy;fs; czh;T> ghYzh;T> eldk;> ,ir kw;Wk; fw;gidtsk;kpf;f fhhpaq;fis tpthpf;Fk; jq;fspd; kfj;jhd> rpf;fyhd rpw;gq;fSf;F ngah; ngw;wjha; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. f[{uhN`h epidTr;rpd;dq;fspd; gphpT gy;NtW kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia rpj;jhpf;fpwJ. ,e;j And];Nfh cyf ghuk;ghpa jsj;jpYs;s Nfhtpy;fs; Nkw;F gphpT> fpof;F gphpT kw;Wk; njw;F gphpT vd %d;W tshfq;fshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd kw;Wk; ,uz;L ntt;NtW kjq;fshd ,e;J kw;Wk; rkz kjq;fSf;F nrhe;jkhditahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. rz;nlyh Ml;rpahsh;fshy; 80 Nfhapy;fs; fl;lg;gl;l NghjpYk;> ,d;W Rkhh; 20 Nfhtpy;fs; ed;F guhkhpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; kPe;jpUf;fpd;wd. kaq;fpg;NghFk; mDgtj;ijg; ngw ,e;jf; Nfhapy;fspd; jho;thuq;fspy; cyh thUq;fs;.

Khajuraho

Map not to scale

Madhya pradesh

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Gifg;glk;

fz;lhhpah k`hNjt; Nfhtpy;

f[{uhN`htpNyNa kpfg; nghpa gpukhz;lkhd NfhtpYf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ ePq;fs; gpukhz;lkhf nrJf;fg;gl;l kfu Njhuizia fle;J nry;tPh;fs;. khngUk; nja;tj;jpd; Fif vd mh;j;jKs;s fz;lhhpah k`hNjt; Nfhapy;> rhd;nlyh murh; jhq;fNjth mth;fshy; fp.K. 1000 ,y; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. ,f;Nfhtpy; rpt ngUkhDf;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;ljhFk; kw;Wk; mjd; fUtiwapy; xU gspq;F rptypq;fk; cs;sJ. ntspg;Gw mikg;G ifyhr kiyia Fwpg;gpLk; xU gpujhd NfhGuj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;ljhFk; kw;Wk; 84 rpwpa NfhGuq;fshy; R+og;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;Nfhtpy; moFkpF rpw;gq;fshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; mij Rw;wpYk; nja;tq;fs;> kpUfq;fs; kw;Wk; tPuh;fs;> fd;dpah;> eldf; fiyQh;fs;> ,irf;fiyQh;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;wpd;g tbt rpw;gq;fis rpj;jhpf;Fk; 870 rpw;gq;fs; cs;sd.

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

yf;\;kzd; Nfhtpy;

jl;ilahf $iuaplg;gl;l EioT jho;thuj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jiuia ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;L Njhs;fspy; ghukhd fw;fis Rkg;gJ Nghd;w xU thpir ahidfs; $l;lj;ijf; nfhz;l xNu ,lk; yf;\;kzd; NfhtpyhFk;. ,ir fiyQh;fs;> myq;fhpf;fg;ggl;l Fjpiufs; kw;Wk; rthhpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w tho;f;ifia rpj;jhpf;Fk; xU njhFg;G Nghd;witfSk; kpfr; rpwe;j gpw rpw;gq;fspy; mlq;Fk;.

tp\;Z nja;tj;jpw;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ,f;Nfhtpy; kd;dh; aNrhth;kd; (fp. gp. 930-950) Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. ,q;F %d;W jiyAila kw;Wk; ehd;F iffSila itFz;l tp\;Z glk; xd;W cs;sJ mNjNeuj;jpy; ntspg;Gw Rth; Rkhh; 600 flTsh;fspd; glq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;JfpwJ. efhuh ghzp fl;blf;fiyapy; fl;lg;gl;l ,f;Nfhtpy; xU rd;dpjhdj;ijAk; kw;Wk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Gifg;glk;

Njtp [fjhk;gp Nfhtpy; ,f;Nfhtpy; G+h;tkhf tp\;Z nja;tj;jpw;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk;> fUT+yj;jpy; ghh;tjp Njtpapd; glk; Gdpjg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpwF ,t;thW ngahplg;gl;lJ. rpwg;ghf myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l ,f;Nfhtpypy; tp\;Z Njtd; kw;Wk; mtuJ gy;NtW tbtq;fs; mlq;fpa gy rpw;wpd;g rpw;gNtiyg;ghLfs;> Rth;fspy; mofhd rpiyfs;> rpf;fyhd rpw;g njhFg;Gfs;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xU cah;e;j gPlj;jpy; epw;Fk; ,f;Nfhtpy; vspikahd %d;W gFjpahd tbtikg;ig ngw;Ws;sJ kw;Wk; ,q;F eilghij ,y;yhj xU fUtT+yk;> xU eil> xU kfh kz;lgk; kw;Wk; xU EioT jho;thuk; cs;sJ. xg;giz nra;Ak; kw;Wk; jq;fis moFgLj;Jk; ngz; rpiyfs; kw;Wk; fhjypd; xt;nthU epiyiaAk; rpj;jhpf;Fk; nja;tPf jk;gjpfs; Nghd;wit Rth;fis myq;fhpf;Fk; rpy trPfhpf;Fk; rpw;gq;fshFk;.

Mjpehj; Nfhtpy;

mtw;wpd; $iufSld; kl;Lk; kPe;jpUf;fpw NghjpYk;> Nfhtpypd; mikg;G gy;NtW mk;rq;fspy; moF Njtijfs; kw;Wk; ahf;\ pf;fspd; mofhd rpw;gq;fis ngw;Ws;sJ. ehafpfs;> fhkpdpfs; kw;Wk; ghkpdpfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tifahd ngz;fSk; mofhd Kiwapy; rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;.

,J rhz;nlyh tk;rj;jpd; uh[h kjdth;kdpd; Ml;rp fhykhd 1207 Mk; Mz;ilr; Nrh;e;j thh;j;ijfs; nghwpf;fg;gl;l xU rpiyia cila xU mofhd kw;Wk; rpwpa rd;dpjhdkhFk;. ,g;NghJ fUtiw kw;Wk; eil

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Gifg;glk;

g];tdhj; Nfhtpy; f[{uhN`htpYs;s kpfg; nghpa rkz Nfhtpy;fshd ,it xU fl;llf;fiy mw;GjkhFk;. g];tdhj; Nfhtpy; 10 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpapy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk; kw;Wk; rkz kjj;jpd; Kjy; jPh;j;jq;fuUk; kw;Wk; epWtdUkhd rkz Mjpehj; mth;fSf;F Mjpapy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;lJ. MapDk;> 1860 Mk; Mz;by; g];tdhj; rpiy epWtg;gl;lJ mjd;%yk; Nfhtpy; Gjpa ngaiu ngw;wJ. ahidfs;> rpq;fq;fs;> fly; Njtijfs;> mofhd fd;dpfspd; md;whl tho;f;if Nghd;wtw;iw ntspg;Gw Rthpy; mofhf nrJf;fg;gl;l cUtq;fs; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd.

rJh;GQ;r; Nfhtpy;

f[{uhN`h epidTr;rpd;d njhFg;GfspNyNa rpw;wpd;g rpw;gq;fis nfhz;buhj xNu Nfhtpyhd ,f;Nfhtpy; tp\;Z nja;tj;jpw;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mjd; fUtiwapy; ehd;F iffisAila tp\;Ztpd; 2.7 kP ePs rpiy cs;sJ> NkYk; ,f;Nfhtpy; rpq;fq;fs;> ghjp nja;tPf kw;Wk; nja;tPf kdpjh;fspd; rpw;gq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. mh;j;jehhp];tuh; (ghjp rptd; ghjp ghh;tjp) kw;Wk; eurpk;khpd; Jiztp Nghd;wit kpfTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpw;gq;fshFk;. ,f;Nfhtpypd; mikg;G fp.gp. 1100 Mk; Mz;L rhz;nlyh kd;dh; aNrhth;kdhy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;.

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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fiy

nlf;fhd;

caph;g;ghij

fiyQh;fs; gy;NtW th;zq;fis jhspy; kw;Wk; fpj;jhd; Jzpapy; fijfshf tiutJ njhlh;tjdhy; Nfhz;l; goq;Fb fiy tbtk; cyfstpy; nry;thf;Fld; jpfo;fpwJ ciu |

,e;jpa juprdk;

kQ;rhp Kfh;[p

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Xtpah; N[ Rthkpehjd; mth;fs; kj;jpag; gpuNjr khepyj;jpYs;s gjd;fhh;f; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 17 taJila [q;fhh;f; rpq; \ahk;; vd;w xU jpwikahd ,isQid fz;Lgpbf;fhjpUe;jhy; Nfhz;l; fiy tuyhW xUNtis tpj;jpahrkhd ghijia vLj;jpUf;fhJ. NkYk; Nfhz;l; fiy ,e;jpahtpd; gy mope;JtUk; goq;Fb fiy tbtq;fspy; xd;whf jtph;f;f Kbahjgb tifg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. [q;fhh;f;fpd; ntw;wpf;F mbg;gilahf %y jpwik kw;Wk; Mokhd fiyg; ghh;it kl;Lky;yhky; ghuk;ghpa Nth;fs; kw;Wk; rkfhyj;jpa njhLjYf;F ,ilapyhd rhpahd rkepiy Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. cz;ikapNyNa> jdJ Xtpaj;jpw;F fhfpjk; kw;Wk; fpj;jhd; Jzpia gad;gLj;Jk; Kjy; Nfhz;l; fiyQuhf \pahk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;. mtuJ jpwik kw;Wk; jhprdk; kpfTk; gue;J fhzg;gl;lJ ,Jjhd; mtiu ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky;yhky; rh;tNjr epfo;TfspYk; ntspg;gLj;jp xU Gfo;ngw;w Xtpauhf;fpAs;sJ. gh[{ \ pahk;> gPh;ghy; rpq; cf;fp kw;Wk; Jh;fh Kfg;G gf;fk;: goq;fhyq;fspd; tptrha fijfis tpthpf;Fk; xU Nfhz;l; gha; Nghd;w gpw Nfhz;l; fiyQh;fs; Xtpak; kw;Wk; NkNy: fpj;jhd; Jzpapy; xU fpuhkj;ij rpj;jhpf;Fk; xU Xtpak; jq;Sf;fhd xU cahpa epiyia cUthf;fp rh;tNjr ghuhl;ilg; ngw;Ws;sdh;. Nfhz;l; r%fj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F gwitfis tYthd ,aw;if $Wfshf xU Jy;ypakhd Njjpia Fwpg;gpl gad;gLj;jp jq;fs; fijfis gpujpgypj;Js;sdh;. Kbahtpl;lhYk;> mjd; Nth;fs; Ke;ija Mhpa xU ey;y glkhdJ r%fj;jpd; tPLfspy; fhyj;ijr; Nrh;e;jJ vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;s njhpAk;gbahd ey;y mjph;\;lj;jpw;F KbfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; nghpa topfhl;LfpwJ vd;gJ Nfhz;l; goq;Fb r%fkhf $wg;gLk; xd;gJ r%fj;jpd; xU nghJthd Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fs; kpy;ypad; kf;fs; njhifAila ek;gpf;ifahFk;. gpufhrkhf th;zk; ,th;fs; ngUk;ghYk; nlf;fhd; kuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; G+rg;gl;l Rth;fs;> [d;dy;fs; kw;Wk; jPgfw;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;. gy E} kw;Wk; gwitfs; jsq;fs;> ghuk;ghpa rpd;dq;fs; w;whz;Lfshf> Nfhz;l; r%fkhdJ kw;Wk; tbtq;fs; epiwe;jpUg;gJ Nghd; w tYthd Me;jpuh> kfhuh\;buh> kj;jpa Nfhz;l; Rw;Wg;Gwq;fspy; xU ,aw;if gpuNjrk;> [hh;f;fz;l;> xbrh Mfpa nghJthd fhl;rpahFk;. khepyq;fspy; trpj;J tUfpwJ. $WfspypUe;J ghuk;ghpakhf G+rhhpah;fshf ,aw;ifAld; Mokhf cj;Ntfk; ngWfpwJ gzpahw;Wk; gh;jhd; Nfhz;l;Lf;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfhz;l;Lf;fs; Xtpak; kw;Wk; ,irapy; ghuk;ghpakhf cj;Ntfk; epGzj;Jtk; ngw;W r%fj;jpy; ngw;Ws;sdh; mj;Jld; jq;fspd; fhl;rp fiy cah;e;j ,lj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. Rkhh; eilKiwapy; kpfTk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l 1980fspd; Kw;gFjpapy;> fpj;jhd; Jzpapy; Fbkf;fshf ,Ue;J kuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; mf;hpypf; kw;Wk; fhfpjj;jpy; ik Nghd;w etPd

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

fiy

Rthu];akhd cz;ikfs; Nghghypy; cs;s ghuj; gtdpd; Kf;fpa Ftpkhlk; [q;fhh;f; rpq; \pahkhy; tz;zk; jPl;lg;gl;ljhFk; kw;Wk; ,J Nfhz;l; nja;tk; gubNahit rpj;jhpf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,th; kj;jpag; gpuNjr tpjhd; rghtpd; cl;Gwj;jpy; th;zk; jPl;bapUf;fpwhh; kw;Wk; ,th; Nghghypy; cs;s xU rhjhuz tPl;by; tho;fpd;w NghjpYk; mtuJ $yp & 7 yl;rj;ij rf Xtpah;fs; kw;Wk; mtuJ fpuhk kf;fSf;F gfph;e;jspj;Js;shh;. gpNlhh; vd miof;fg;gLk; cs;Shh; gFjpfspy; ,ytrkhf fpilf;Fk; xU rpwg;G kz; Xtpaq;fSf;fhd Rthpd; Nkw;gug;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. cyfkakhf;fy; %yk;> Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fshdJ nkj;ij ciwfs;> ku jl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Milfs; Nghd;w md;whl tpw;gidg; nghUl;fshfptpl;ld> fiy tbtk; nghpa mstpy; Gfo; ngw ,it cjTfpd;wd.

kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;ijr; Nrh;e;j Nfhz;l; r%fj;jpdh; cUthf;fpa xU goq;Fb Xtpak;

Clfq;fspd; gy;NtW tifiag; gad;gLj;Jk; %yk; fle;j fhyj;ij kPz;Lk; cUthf;fpdh;. NghJ xU rpy gh;jhd; Nfhz;l;Lfs; jq;fspd; ,d;W> Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fs; tskhd rlq;Ffis cUtf kw;Wk; tpthpg;G fhl;rp tptuq;fs;> gpufhrkhd tz;zq;fs;> Gije;j Xtpaj;jpd; xU Gjpa kughf khw;w kw;Wk; kh;kk; kw;Wk; eifr;Rit czh;Tf;F ngah; gpujpgypf;fj; Jtq;fpapUf;fpwhh;fs;. rkfhyj;jpa ngw;wjha; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,e;j Nfhz;l; fiyQh;fs; etPd goq;Fb fiyg;gilg;Gfs; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Kiwfis fhyhtjpahdit vd;gijj; Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fs; gad;gLj;j njhlq;fpapUg;gJ jtpu NtnwJTkpy;iy. kl;Lky;yhky; gioa Xtpaj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk; tskhd tptuq;fs;> kuGfs; kw;Wk; ghzpfis Xtpaj; ij cUthf;fj; gpufhrkhd cz;ikahf itf;Fk;NghJ Njitg;gLk; fUtpfs; tz;zq;fs; mth;fs; rkfhyj;jpa fhl;rpfs; ,uz;bw;Fk; mbg;gilapy; kw; W k; eifr;Rit kw;Wk; gpur;ridfis Nfhz;l; fiyapd; kpf gpujpgypf;fpd;wdh;. trPfukhd mk;rq;fspy; xd;W czh;Tf;F Mr;rhpakhd mstpyhd mjd; vspikahFk;. xU ngah; ngw;wjha; fhl;rp fij gy;NtW tifahd fpj;jhd; Jzp my;yJ xU ,Uf;fpd;wd fUg;nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; Jzp my;yJ xU tpsf;fg;gl fijfis rpj;jhpf;fpwJ. Guhzf; fhfpjk; ,it midj;Jk; fijfs; kw;Wk; tha;top tuyhWfs; Kjy; xU Nfhz;l; Xtpaj;ij cUthf;fj; ghuk;ghpa ,ir> ,aw;if Rw;Wr;R+oy;fs;> Njitg;gLfpwJ. Xtpah; Kjypy; xU Kf;fpakhd epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; rlq;Ffs; fUg;nghUspy; my;yJ xU vspa jiyg;gpy; tiu> Nfhz;l; fiyQh;fs; njhopy;El;gk; G+[;akhf ,Uf;fpwhh; mjd;gpd; Xtpa kw;Wk; Mokhd rpf;fypd; Mo;e;j Njh;r;rp nray;Kiwia Jtq;Ffpwhh;. ,Ug;gpDk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

xU ghuk;ghpa Nfhz;l; Xtpak;

vspikapy; ek;gKbahj rpf;fy; kw;Wk; jq;fsJ nrhe;j jdpj;Jtkhd jdpg;gl;l ghJfhg;G cs;sJ. Nfhz;l; Xtpaj;jpd; kpfTk; fiy milahsq;fs; %yk; xU Fwpg;ig Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kw;Wk; vspjhf milahsk; gjpT nra;Js;sdh;. Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fs; xU fhzf;$ba mk;rq;fspy; xd;W thp kw;Wk; rpy Mapuj;jpypUe;J xU rpy yl;rq;fSf;Fs; Gs;sp El;gj;ij gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,e;j vq;NfAk; tpw;fyhk;. NfhLfs; kw;Wk; Gs;spfs; fpj;jhd; ,Jehs; tiu> Nfhz;l; Jzpapy; xU rf;jptha;e;j fiyahdJ jw;Nghija ,e;jpa tskhd ,e;jpa kw;Wk; ,af;f czh;it fhl;rp fiy kuGfspYk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ> ghh;itahshpd; tuyhw;W hPjpapy; tuyhw;wpd; ftdj;ij cldbahf <h;f;fpwJ. kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU gFjpahd Xtpaq;fs; nghJthf kz; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j ghuk;ghpa Rth;fspy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gy ,e;jpa goq;Fb goq;Fb fiy ,aw;if tz;zq;fspd; xU fiy tbtq;fSf;F fyit nghJthf ku epyf;fhp> kWkyh;r;rp tbtk; cyf kur; rhW> nrk;kz;> ,iyfs; kw;Wk; MjuT Nghf;FfSld; kw;Wk; khl;Lr; rhzk; Nghd;w Njitg;gLfpNghjpYk;> xj;jpUf;fpwJ kz; nghUl;fspypUe;J Nfhz;l; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fiyahdJ rkfhy etPd fhyj;jpy;> Nfhz;l; Xtpaq;fs; fhy njhlh;igAk; kw;Wk; jw;Nghija cyf ehfhpfj;Jld; tho;thjhuj;ijAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ xj;jpUg;gjdhy; mit tskhd ghuk;ghpa NkYk; r%f tho;f;if kw;Wk; ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd; ngUk;gFjpahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. caph;g;ghijapd; xU Kf;fpa Nfhz;l; fiyQh;fs; cyf fiy re;ijapy; gFjpahf ,Ug;gJ njhlh;fpwJ.

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ghuk;gupak;

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

ep[ fjhehafh;fs; Nuthhp ePuhtp ,uapy; vQ;rpd; gzpkid gy Mz;Lfshf fplg;gpy; Nghlg;gl;l gpwF mtw;wpd; rpytw;iw kPzL ; k; jlj;jpw;F jpUg;Gtjd; %yk; ,e;jpahtpd; Gfo;ngw;w ,uapy; tz;bfs; ghuk;ghpak; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ ciu

mkpj; gu\hh

ehk; mtw;iw nts;spj; jpiuapy; Ry;jhd;> fhe;jp ik /ghjh;> gpuhzk;> Nghh;ehg;> ghf; kpy;fh ghf;> [hdprhh;> fp md;l; fh Nghd;w glq;fspy; ghh;j;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ,y;iy> ehk; ebfh;fisg; gw;wp Ngrtpy;iy. ,e;j glq;fspy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpj;j ,uapy;fisf; Fwpj;J Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;j moFkpf;fitfs; jpy;ypapy; ,Ue;J Rkhh; 100 fp.kP. njhiytpy; Nuthhp ePuhtp ,uapy; vQ;rpd; gzpkidapy; mike;Js;sJ.

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

ghuk;gupak;

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Nuthhp ePuhtp uapy; vQ;rpd; gdpkid 2010

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Nuthhp ePuhtp uapy; vQ;rpd; gzpkidapd; xU Njhw;wk;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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,e;jpahtpy; mjpfk; mwpag;glhj cyf ghuk;ghpa jsq;fspy; rpy

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gl;ljhfypy; cs;s epidTr;rpd;dq;fs; $l;lk;: 1987 ,y; epakpf;fg;gl;l> tl fHehlfhtpy; cs;s xd;gJ ,e;J Nfhtpy;fisf; nfhz;l xU thpir kw;Wk; xU n[apd; Gdpj ];jyk;. gPk;ngl;fh ghiw ciwtplq;fs;: 2003 ,y; epakpf;fg;gl;l> kzw;fy; giw ciwtplq;fs; ghiw Xtpaq;fspd; xU mw;Gjkhd fsQ;rpakhFk;. ,it tpe;jpa kiyj;njhlhpd; mbthuj;jpy; mike;Js;sd.

fq;nrq;l;Nrhq;fh Njrpa G+q;fh topahf fle;J nry;Yk; bNrhq;hp-yh kiyNaw;w ghij

kiy ,uapy; ghij: 1999> 2005 kw;Wk; 2008 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; epakpf;fg;gl;l kiy ,uapyhdJ lhH[Pypq; ,khyad; ,uapy; ghij> ePyfphp kiy ,uapy; ghij kw;Wk; fy;fh-\pk;yh ,uapy; ghij Mfpatw;iw Fwpf;fpd;wd. uhzp fp tht; (uhzpapd gbf;fpzW): 2014 ,y; epakpf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; F[uhj;jpd; gjhd; gFjpapy; mike;Js;s ,j;jsk; mjd; msT kw;Wk; rpw;gj;jpw;fhf mwpag;gl;l xU gpugykhd gbf;fpzW MFk;. Nkw;Fj; njhlHr;rp kiy: 2012 ,y; epakpf;fg;gl;l Nkw;Fj; njhlHr;rp kiy r`;ahj;hp kiy vdTk; mwpag;gLfpwJ> ,J Nkw;F ,e;jpahtpy; mike;Js;sJ. Njrpa g+q;fhf;fs; kw;Wk; tdtpyq;F ruzhyaq;fs; cl;gl Kg;gj;jp xd;gJ ,lq;fs; ghuk;ghpa jsq;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

nts;isg;

ghiytdk;

fl;r; Gfo;kpf;f uhd; cr;rtj;ij elj;Jtjdhy; mJ nfhz;lhl;lk;> jpUtpoh> fiy kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; Mfpatw;wpd; ikakhf khwpAs;sJ ciu

mdpy; Ky;re;jhdp

fl;rpd; fpNul; uhd; vd miof;fg;gLk; cg;G gbe;Js;s ghiytdj;jpd; gue;j gug;G Kjy; fl;r; tisFlhtpd; flw;fiu tiu> ghdpapd; gue;J mfd;w kuq;fsw;w Gy;ntspfs; Kjy; rtd;dh`; Nghd;w eypah trpg;gplk; tiu kw;Wk; fhyh Jq;fh; (fUg;G kiyfs;) Nghd;w kiyfs; Kjy; Mr;rhpa%l;Lk; [{uhrpf; KfLfs; kw;Wk; ghiw mikg;Gf;fs; tiu> fl;r; xU gaz ,yf;Fs;s ,lkhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa khtl;lq;fspy; xd;whd fl;r; xU fyhr;rhu Rthu];ak;

epiwe;j gFjpahFk;> ,J gy ,e;J kjk; kw;Wk; K];yPk; Nka;g;gh; r%fq;fspd; tPlhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. ,e;j miu ehNlhb Nka;r;ry;fhuh;fspd; ngz;kzpfs; ,aw;iff;F tz;zkspf;Fk; vk;gpuha;lhp kw;Wk; xl;LNtiy Nghd;w iftpidfspy; jpwd; ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. fl;r; jiyikafkhd G+[; xU fhyj;jpy; kfhuht; vd;w guk;giu gl;lj;Jld; 1540 Kjy; 1948 tiu ,e;j gFjpia murhz;l [Nl[h uh[Gj;jpuh;fspd; Ml;rp gPlkhf

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gazk;

fiyQh;fs; rpf;fyhd m[;uhf; fiy ,Ue;jJ. mth;fspd; muz;kid tshfkhd cl;gl Njhy; vk;gpuha;lhp> kz;ghz;lk;> jh;ghh;fhj; Mr;rhpakha; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l rpy;th; Ntiyg;ghL> ku Ntiyg;ghL> cl;Gwq;fs; kw;Wk; trPfukhd guhf;k`hy; cNyhf Ntiyg;ghL kw;Wk; fl;ilahy; muz;kidia nfhz;l mw;Gjkhd 18 Mk; mr;rbj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; rpwe;J E}w;whz;bd; Idh muq;if nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. epNuhdh fpuhkkhdJ G+[;[pw;Fg; gpwF> rhiyahdJ fpuhkq;fisf; Mkzf;F vz;nza; nfhz;l Gy;ntspfisAk; rhh;e;j epwq;fisf; kw;Wk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nfhz;L Jzpapy; tiuAk; iftpidapy; xt;nthU fl;rr ; pYs;s tPLfspd; Nuhfhd; Xtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; xU jpwidg; ngw;Ws;s ,dpikahd xyp vOg;Gk; ughhpf;fs;> m`ph;thf;fs;> ntspg;Gwq;fs; kzpfs; kw;Wk; rhak; [hj;thf;fs;> Kj;thf;fs;> kw;Wk; cl;Gwq;fs; G+rg;gl;l ku nghUl;fs; nkf;thy;f;fs; kw;Wk; Nrhjh fiytbtq;fs; jahhpg;gth;fSf;fhd uh[Gj;jpuh;fs; Nghd;w kw;Wk; fz;zhbfshy; jhafkhf jpfo;fpwJ. gy;NtW r%fj;jth;fspd; Gq;fhf;fs; vd FbNaw;wq;fspd; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd miof;fg;gLk; ,e;j topahf nry;fpwJ. gFjpapd; tl;l tPLfs; ghiytd fhyepiy kw;Wk; G+fk;gq;fspy; epiyj;J epw;Fk;gbahf rpf;fyhf Ntag;gl;l $k;Gf; $iufs;> jbj;j Rth;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa [d;dy;fisf; nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ntspg;Gwq;fs; kw;Wk; cl;Gwq;fs; ,aw;if tbtq;fs; kw;Wk; fz;zhbfshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fl;r; fpNul; uhdpd; gspr;rpLk; nts;is ,lJ: uhd; cr;rtj;jpd; NghJ cg;G gug;Gf;fspd; xU fhl;rpia fhz xU ghiytd fhyh Jq;fh; vd miof;fg;gLk; kiyapy; ,ir fr;Nrhpapy; fiyQh;fs; kw;Wk; fPNo: fl;r;rpYs;s xU Rw;Wyh tPL

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

fPopypUe;J ,lJ:: uhd; cr;rtj;jpd; NghJ Filfs; jiyfPohf njhq;Ffpd;wd, uhd; cr;rtj;jpd; NghJ tpw;gidf;fhf itf;g;gl;bUf;Fk; iftpidg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; xU ngz; fiyeakhd vk;gpuha;lhp Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Ls;shh;

2017 gpg;uthp 20f;F ,ilapy; elj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpwJ. Njhh;jhtpYs;s Rw;Wyh fpuhkkhdJ cah;ju $lhu miwfs;> epfo;r;rp gFjpfs;> iftpid ikaq;fs;> cztfq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw trjpfs; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. Rw;Wyh fpuhkj;jpypUe;J> xl;lf tz;b %yk; jl;ilahd fspkz; rkntspfs; topahf ehl;Lg;Gw ,ir fr;Nrhpfs; %yk; Rw;Wyh gazpfis ,ir fiyQh;fs; kfpo;tpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cg;G gbe;Js;s fspkz; rJg;Gepyk; fpNul; uhDf;F gpuahzk; Nkw;nfhs;Sq;fs;. nts;is ghiytdk; midj;J gf;fq;fspYk; gy VWq;fs;. ,e;j kiyapd; iky;fs; ePSk; xU fz;fth; cr;rpapYs;s jj;jhj;Nuah fhl;rpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ngsh;zkp fpNul; uhd; NfhtpyhdJ Nfhtpy; G+rhhpfshy; KO epyT ,utpy; cg;G nts; i s Ngh\pf;fg;gLk; Fs;sehpfis rkntspfs; nts;is xspapy; ghiytdk; fth;e;jpOf;fpwJ. jpNdhjhh; kpd;Dk; NghJ ,J Fwpg;gplj;jf;f nghsh;zkp KO kiyapy; juk;ehj; Gd;dpa];jyk; tpjj;jpy; mofhf ,Uf;fpwJ. kw;Wk; fd;gjhf;fs; my;yJ ghdpapd; fpof;Nf> epyT ,utpy; gpse;j fhJfSila Jwtpfspd; rhiyahdJ kw;nwhU gue;j xU fz;fth; xU klhyak; fhzg;gLfpwJ. nts;is ghiytdj;jpw;Fr; fhl;rpahFk; ,e;j khtl;lj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rk; nry;fpwJ mjd; gpwF Kd;G vd;dntd;why; 7>500 rJu fpNyh xU jPthf ,Ue;j Mdhy; kPl;lh; gutpAs;s xU Gtpapay; ,g;NghJ Gjuhy; %lg;gl;bUf;Fk; xU hpjpahf jdpj;jtkhd cg;G ghiytdk; fl;r; cah;j;jg;gl;l epy tbtkhd fhjph; Ngl;bw;F fpNul; uhd; MFk;. ,e;j trPfukhd epyk; tUfpwJ. NjhyhtPuh vd;w rpe;J jsj;jpy; F[uhj; murhq;fj;jhy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk; <h;f;ff;$ba mfo;Tfis ePq;fs; ,q;Nf fpNul; uhdpd; tpspk;gpy; xU ghiytd fhzyhk;. ,q;fpUe;J rw;W njhiytpy; jpUtpohthd uhd; cr;rtj;ij elj;JfpwJ. Rthu];akhd ghiw mikg;Gf;fs;> KfLfs; ,e;j tUlk;> ,t;tpoh 2016 etk;gh; 1> Kjy; kw;Wk; 160 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fs; goikahd

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gazk;

fPopypUe;J ,lJ: fl;r; tuyhw;W fpuhkk; NjuhtpYs;s epidTr; rpd;dq;fs;> khe;tpapYs;s tp[a; tpyh]; muz;kid kw;Wk; uhd; cr;rtj;jpd; NghJ xU Rw;Wyh Kfhkpd; ,uT fhl;rp

vt;thW nry;tJ

Mfha khh;f;fk;: G+[; tpkhd epiyak; Kf;fpakhd ,e;jpa efuq;fSld; ed;F ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J efu ikaj;jpw;Fr; nry;y lhf;rpfs; kw;Wk; Ml;Nlh hpf;\ hf;fs; vspjhf fpilf;fpd;wd.

Kutch

Gujarat

rhiy khh;f;fk;: Njrpa neLQ;rhiy 8A mfkjhghj;ij G+[;[{ld; ,izf;fpwJ kw;Wk; xU tof;fkhd g]; Nrit G+[;i[ gpw mz;il efuq;fSld; ,izf;fpwJ.

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Map not to scale

uapy; khh;f;fk;: ,uapy;fs; Kf;fpakhd ,e;jpa efuq;fis G+[;[{ld; ,izf;fpd;wd kw;Wk; mfkjhghj;> jpy;yp> Kk;ig Nghd;w ,lq;fspypUe;J vspjhf nrd;wilayhk;.

kuq;fspd; ku gbkq;fs; nfhz;l xU gbk Vhp> `hNtypfs;> epidTr; rpd;dq;fs;> xU jsk; cs;sJ. tuyhw;W kR+jp> n[apd; kw;Wk; ,e;J kj Nkw;F Nehf;fp nry;Yk; rhiy gue;j ghdp Nfhtpy;fs; kw;Wk; Gd;dpa];jyq;fisf; Gy;ntspfSf;Fr; nry;fpwJ. fl;r; ,e;jpahtpd; nfhz;l Njuh ghuk;ghpa fpuhkk; Mfpait kpf Kf;fpakhd gwit gFjpfspy; xd;whFk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ehuhaz; rNuhth; ,q;F ,e;jpa ePh;g;gwitfs;> rpW /GNshhpfd; ruzhyak; ntspkhd;fs; kw;Wk; gpw ghY} gwit> ntz; KJFila gUe;J> ePz;l l;bfspd; tho;tplkhFk;> mNjNeuj;jpy; myFila gUe;J> ntz; fOj;Jila bl; ehypah Gy;ntspfs; Xeha;fs;> ntspkhd;fs;> gwit kw;Wk; ];Nlhypfh ghiytd G+idfs; kw;Wk; gy Gjh;FUtp Nghd;w cyfstpy; mope;J tUk; gwitfSf;F mUfptUk; gy gwitfspd; jhafkhf jpfo;fpwJ. fl;r; cyfstpy; Gfyplkhf jpfo;fpwJ. F[uhj;jpd; rpwe;j mr;RWj;jYf;F ,e;jpahtpy; rhk;gy;epw flw;fiufspy; cs;shd gwitfs; i`NghNfhypa]; gwitfs; xd;whd epypah fhzg;gLk; rpy ,lq;fspy; Kjy; khe;tp thOk; Kf;fpakhd ,JTk; xd;whFk;. rhhp Vhp tiuapyhd gwit gFjpfspy; ghh;f;f Ntz;ba kw;nwhd;whFk;> flw;fiuf;F xd;whFk; ,J ,e;jpa jPgfw;gj;jpw;F gazk; ,lk;ngaUk; Fsph;fhy Nkw;nfhs;Sq;fs;. gwitfs; $Lk; ,lkhFk;. fl;r;irr; Nrh;e;j kfhuht; ,q;Nf NkYk; Nkw;fpy; xU tuyhw;W FUj;thuh xU nghpa muz;kidia nfhz;l tisFlh mUfpYs;s yf;gj; fl;bAs;shh;. ePz;l J} Nfhl;il> rpNahl; Gj;jkj Fiffs;> m\;Guh u eil gazj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk; khjh Neh khj; Gdpjf; Nfhtpy;> ehuhaz; FspaYf;Fk; kw;Wk; rNuhth; Gdpj Vhp> Nfhl;Nl\;th; fiuf; R+hpa m];jkdj;ij Nfhtpy;> ehypah n[apd; Nfhtpy; kw;Wk; urpg;gjw;Fk; flw;fiu kpfTk; xU Nfhl;il> xU gbf;fpzW> xU tuyhw;W nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

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ehfhyhe;J goq;FbfSld;

re;jpg;G ehfhyhe;jpd; Mr;rhpa%l;Lk; kw;Wk; mg;gOf;fw;w ,aw;if moif fz;lwpAq;fs; ... VO rNfhju khepyq;fspy; xd;whd ehfyhe;J mjd; mw;Gj mofpdhy; cq;fis nka;kwf;fr; nra;tjw;F cWjpaspf;fpwJ ciu

Ur;rh Fy;fh;dp

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fPopypUe;J ,lJ: xU ghuk;ghpa goq;Fb Fbir> `hh;d;gpy; tpohtpy; xU goq;Fb eld epfo;r;rp kw;Wk; xU ehfh Foe;ij ,d cil cLj;jp myq;fhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ

cq;fSf;F njhpAkh? jq;fspd; jdpg;gl;l nkhopfs;> gof;f tof;fq;fs; kj;jpapYk; 14 Kf;fpa ehfh goq;Fbapdh; xUtUf;nfhUth; kfpo;r;rpAld; ,ize;J tho;fpd;wdh;. mq;fhkp> mNah> rf;Nfrq;> rhq;> nfk;Kq;fs;> Nfhd;ahf;> Nyhjh> Nghk;> Nghr;Rhp> nuq;kh> rq;lk;> Nrkh> ,k;Rq;fh; kw;Wk; nrypahq; Mfpait me;j goq;FbfshFk;. Nfh`pkhtpYs;s ehfh g[hh; ehfhyhe;jpd; gpuhe;jpa czT fyhr;rhuj;jpd; xU cz;ikahd gpujpgypg;ghFk;. mirt czT kw;Wk; fhy;eil th;j;jfj;jpw;F gpugykhd ,e;j gioa njUf;fspy; ele;J nry;tJ czTj; Njh;TfspYs;s Ntbf;ifapy; cq;fSf;F jpifg;G Vw;gLj;JtJ epr;rakhFk;.

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

jpkhG+hpy; cs;s ,ilf;fhy fr;rhhp Nguurpd; ,bghLfs;

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gazk;

,Ue;J 20 fp.kP. njhiytpy; mike;Js;s NfhNdhkh fpuhkj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. jpwikahd fpuhk eph;thfj;jpw;F cjhuzkhf jpfOk; ,e;j mofpa fpuhkk; Mrpahtpy; KjyhtJ gr;ir fpuhkk; vd mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nfh`pkh mUq;fhl;rpafk; ehfhyhe;jpd; goq;Fb tho;f;ifKiwia Fwpj;j xU Mokhd mwpit toq;fp xU nghpa xU kzp Neu tuyhw;W ,ilntspia cUthf;FfpwJ. ehs; Kbtpy;> ePq;fs; rpy;Nyha; Vhpapd; rhe;jkhd njspe;j ePiu mDgtpf;fyhk;. xU 70 fp.kP. Rw;Wg;ghij ejp kf;fspd; efuk; vd miof;fg;gLk; khepyj;jpd; kpfTk; Kd;Ndwpa efuq;fspy; xd;whd jpkhG+Uf;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;. bhpgps; ePh;tPo;r;rp - ,aw;ifAldhd xU re;jpg;G ,q;Nf fhj;jpUf;fpwJ. td Mh;tyh;fSf;fhd> ,d;lhq;fp tdtpyq;F ruzhyar; Rw;Wyh mtrpakhdjhFk;. MSeh; Kfhk; kw;Wk; ehfh kiy khtl;lj;jpd; mjpfhug;G+h;tkhd Kjy; jiyikafkhd

NkNy: Nfh`pkhtpYs;s ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; fy;yiw kw;Wk; NkNy: ehfhyhe;jpd; ,aw;ifkakhd Nthf;fh khtl;lj;jpd; xU fhl;rp

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Map not to scale

Nagaland

(tyQ;Ropahf): Nrg;gq;fpoq;F> Gspj;j Nrhah> %q;fpy; jsph; kw;Wk; fUthL Nghd;wit ehfhyhe;J rikaypy; kpfTk; nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fshFk;

vd;d rhg;gplhyk; ngUk;ghYk; cyh;j;Jjy; kw;Wk; nehjpf;f itj;jy; %yk; rikf;fg;gLk; czTfs; fpilf;Fk; ehfyhe;J khkprg; gphpah;fspd; nrhh;f;fkhFk;. irt czT rhg;gpLgth;fs; %q;fpy; jsph;fs; kw;Wk; gpugy uh[h kph;rh my;yJ fpq; kpsfhapy; jahh; nra;ag;gl;l czT tiffis Njh;e;njLf;fyhk;!

vd;d nra;ayhk; ehfhyhe;J \hg;gpq; gphpah;fSf;F Vuhskhdtw;iw thhp toq;FfpwJ! %q;fpy; Ntiy> kuk; nrJf;Fjy;> kz;ghz;lk; kw;Wk; ,Uk;G nfhy;yh; gl;liw Nghd;w fiy kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa jpwd;fspYs;s tsik mofpa iftpidg; nghUl;fis gue;j mstpy; toq;FfpwJ.

Rk;KNfbkh Nghd;w Mq;fpNyah; fhyj;jpd; <h;g;gplq;fis ghh;f;fTk;. Nfh`pkhtpy; ,Ue;J Rkhh; 150 fp.kP njhiytpy; mike;Js;s Nkhf;NfhRq; efuj;ij Rw;wpYKs;s fpuhkg;Gw tho;f;if cq;fis trPfhpf;Fk;. iftpid ikaj;ijg; ghh;itapLtjd; %yk; cq;kh fpuhkj;jpYs;s mNah goq;Fb tho;if Kiwfis fz;L fopf;fTk;. ehfhyhe;jpd; ,e;j gFjp mjd; cz;ikahd moFf;F ngah; ngw;w rq;fpNfhq; kiyapd; mw;Gj fhl;rpfis fhz;gpf;fpwJ. ehfhyhe;J tpNehjkhd Like fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if> czT INDIAN diplomacy kw;Wk; tpohf;fs; vd midj;J fhhpaq;fspd; xU fyitahFk;. NkYk; ,e;j tz;zkpF fyhr;rhuq;fSf;F kj;jpapy;> Follow mjd; kfpo;r;rpahd kf;fs; kw;Wk; @INDIANdiplomacy mth;fspd; re;Njh\ mjph;Tld; mJ xU njsptw;w mutizg;ig gug;GfpwJ. cz;ikapy; ,Ue;J J}uk; tplg;gl;lJ Nghd;w ,e;j Channel fdT epyj;jpy; cq;fis INDIAN diplomacy nka;kwf;fr; nra;aTk;!

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nfhz;lhl;lk;

fly; gazq;fs;> Nff;Ffs; kw;Wk;

Njhoik gw;wp...

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

NrHf;iff;fhd xU MHtyH MthH)> fpwp];Jk]; fhl;rpfs;> rg;jq;fs; kw;Wk; gj;k= tpUJ ngw;w ,tH jpUtpoh thridfs; ntd;ly; Nuhl;hpf;]pd;; Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; nfhz;lhl;lq;fSf;fhf epidTfis #o;e;Js;sJ. xt;nthU Neuj;ij xJf;FfpwhH. Mz;Lk;> mtuJ ez;gHfs; kw;Wk; FspHfhy khjq;fspy; ,tH FLk;gj;Jld; Gjpatw;iw nra;fpwhH. Nfhthit tpl;L ntspNa 'vq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu> ,Uf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk;> fpwp];Jk]; Kjypy; xU xU fpwp];Jki] Md;kPf nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;> ,aw;ifia ez;gHfSld; my;yJ mLj;jJ Gjpa Milfs; Nerpf;Fk; xUtuhf> xU flw; gazj;jpw;fhf kw;Wk; filrpahfj;jhd; FspHfhy mtH NjHe;njLg;gjhf ghpRfs; ,lk;ngWk;. khjq;fspy; ntd;ly; njhptpf;fpwhH. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; NkYk; ntd;ly; ,e;j ,e;j ghuk;ghpaj;ij jdJ Njhl;lk; tUlk; fpwp];Jk]; ehd; ,d;Dk njhlHe;J rpwe;jjhf ,Uf;f kw;Wk; Gj;jhz;by; gdhkh nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;. Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; fhy;thapy; gazk; tPL my;yJ ey;tho;T ntd;ly; cWjpahf nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghH. ikaq;fis ghHitapLtjd; kpahkpapy; ,Ue;J xUtH %yk; njhz;L gl;baiy ,Uf;fpwhH fypNghHdpahtpw;F gazk; cUthf;fpapUf;fpNwd;>" vd nra;tjdhy; Gjpjhf mtH njhptpj;jhH. mfyg;gLj;jg;gl;l gdhkh fhy;thia flypy; gazpj;jy; ghHg;gJ Nghf> ehk; epfuFth> nfhyk;gpah xU Mil tbtikg;ghsuhf> mijAk; kw;Wk; nkf;rpfd; flw;fiu efuq;fs; jhz;b kpf mjpfkhf nra;fpwhH (,tH Nghd;w ehLfisAk; ghHf;fyhk;>" vd r%f fhuzq;fs;> #oy; kw;Wk; Xhpd mtH njhptpf;fpwhH.

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nfhz;lhl;lk;

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,e;jpa juprdk;

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Kfg;G gf;fk;: fpwp];Jk];f;fhf myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l Nuhl;hpf;]pd; tPL. NkNy: fpwp];Jk]; rkaj;jpy; khrw;w fd;dpkhpapd; Njthyak;

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,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

ey;y Ritahd czit tpUk;Gfpwthpd;

flw;fiu

,e;jpahtpd; flNyhu rikay; jpwikahdJ 7>517 fp.kP. flNyhu moif tpQ;RfpwJ ciu|

kJypfh Nj\;

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rikay;

NkNy: tlh ght; kw;Wk; tyJ: Ngy; G+hp

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gFjpapd; nghpa Jz;Lfspy; kpsF> rPd flw;gil gFjpahf ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; cyh;e;j ,Q;rp tpOJ Nrh;j;J mjd;gpd; te;j NghJ> mth; fha;fwp rhjj;ijf; kuf; Fr;rpfspy; itj;J thl;b Ritf;fhf fz;L tpae;jhh;. mij nra;Ak; fiyia mUfk;Gy; (ngh;Klh Gy;) J}tg;gl;lJ. fw;gjw;fhf mq;NfNa jq;fptpl;lhh; nrq;fp]; fhd; jdJ ,uhZtj;jpw;F ,e;j kw;Wk; mij gad;gLj;jp gy gjpg;Gfis czT tifia gpd;gw;wpdhh; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. kw;Wk; ,Wjpahf Kjy; ,e;jpahtpw;F jq;fs; je;J}hp tbtj;ij gl; L g; nghUl;fis ,bahg;gk; cUthf;fpdhh;. tpw;f te;j rPdh;fis rPdh;fs; E}Ly;i] ,Ug;G ,y;yhky; Mdhy; ,bahg;gkhdJ E}Ly;i] cUthf;fTk; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L cUthf;f cjtpajhfTk; krhyh nfhz;l Ritahd mjd;gpd; mNugpah;fs; kw;Wk; mNugpah;fs; mhprp fiyahdJ flNyhu mjpy; Kl;ilia Nrh;j;J Nrtpahid ,e;jpahtpd; kw;nwhU gpugykhd Nrtpahid cUthf;fTk; fz;Lgpbg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. cUthf;fpajhfTk; J}z;Ljyhf fwpNtg;gpiy rhjk; my;yJ $wg;gLfpwJ. muG Njq;fha; rhjk; Nghd;w tzpfh;fs; mth;fs; tPl;by; mike;jJ Ritahd mhprp czTfs; nfhz;bUe;j ePz;l jhdpa Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; mhprpf;F xU khw;whf Njhd;wpa NghJ> ,J Mrpahtpd; Kjy; Jtq;fpa Kjy; njhopw;rhiy ifahy; fha;fwp rhjk; vd;gJ mNefUf;F jahhpf;fg;gLk; Nrtpahd; MFk;. rq;f njhpahJ> ,J mwpahkNy Kjy; /gpiuL fhyj;jpy; khg;gps;is rk;gh mhprp iu]; cUthdJ. kh `{thd; 1403 Mk; xl;Nlhkhd; Nguuir te;jile;jjhfTk; Mz;by; nrq; N`h-tpd; fPo; Vfhjpgj;jpa ,J ];ngapdpy; Gyht; kw;Wk; ngy;yh

njd; ,e;jpa fhiy czthd mg;gk; kw;Wk; Kl;il krhyh

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

rikay;

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,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

rl;dpAld; nea;apy; tWj;j Njhir

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

rikay;

gz;biff;fhy mURit

czTfs;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

Nfhth kPd; Fok;G jahhpg;G Neuk;: 15 epkplq;fs; rikf;Fk; Neuk;: 30 epkplq;fs; ghpkhwg;gLk; egh;fs;: 4 Njitahd nghUl;fs; 5.1 nr.kP (2") gUkDf;F ntl;lg;gl;l 1/2 fpNyh kPd; Jz;Lfs;> 1 1/2 Njf;fuz;b cg;G ntl;lg;gl;l> 1/2 Njf;fuz;b kQ;rs; J}s; Njq;fha; rhW: 1/2 fg; JUtpa Njq;fha;> 3 Njf;fuz;b frfrh> 7 Ke;jphp gUg;Gfs;> 5 kpsF> 4 tj;jy;> 1 Njf;fuz;b nfhj;jky;yp> 4 fg; jz;zPh;> 1/2 fg; vz;nza;> 1 eWf;fpa ntq;fhak;> 1 Njf;fuz;b G+z;L tpOJ> 1 Njf;fuz;b ,Q;rp tpOJ> 3 gpse;j gr;ir kpsfha;> mlh;Tf;fhf 1 Njf;fuz;b mhprp khT> moFg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf eWf;fg;gl;l 1 Njf;fuz;b nfhj;jky;yp jio

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cgrhuk;: mw;Gjkhd Rit: rpw;Wz;b> cah;uf Njapiy> fhf;nla;y;> GJ by;yp ntspAwTj;Jiw tptfhu (mikr;rfj;jpd;) Jizth;fs; mikg;G ntspapl;l rikay; Gj;jfq;fspd; xU njhlhpd; ghfk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

rhjid

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ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rfj;Jf;F

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

,e;jpa th;j;jf njhlh;ghsh;fs; mikg;G (ABCI) xOq;F nra;j rkPgj;jpa tpohtpy; ,e;jpa murpd; ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rfk; (MEA) VO tpUJfisg; ngw;W rhjidahsuhf ngUikaile;jJ. ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; Kjd;ik gj;jphpifahd ,e;jpa jhprdq;fSf;F ,uz;L jq;fk;> xU nts;sp kw;Wk; xU ntz;fy tpUJfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; ,e;j mikr;rfk; NjePh; Nki[ Gj;jfk;> ,iza Kfhk; kw;Wk; mjd; epWtd ,izajsj;Jf;fhf tpUJfisg; ngw;wJ. 2016 mf;Nlhgh; 28 md;W Kk;igapy; tpthd;lh ig jh[;> f/g; gNuby; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;bUe;j 56tJ tUlhe;jpu tpUJ epfo;r;rpapd; xU mq;fkhf ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rfk; tpUJfisg; ngw;wJ. ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F xU KiwntspahFk; ,e;jpa jhprdq;fs; gj;jphpf;if 16 nkhopfspy; mr;rplg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; 180 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,e;jpa J}jufq;fspy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;jpa jhprdq;fs; ngw;w tpUJfs;

,e;jpa nkhop ntspaPL (jq;fk;): ,e;j gj;jphpf;if ,e;jp kw;Wk; jkpo; vd ,uz;L ,e;jpa nkhopfspy; mr;rplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jp nkhopapy; ,e;j ,jo;fs; 30 ehLfspYk; jkpopy; vl;L ehLfspYk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,Unkhop ntspaPL (jq;fk;): ,e;j gj;jphpf;if 16 nkhopfspy; mjhtJ ,e;jp> muG> Mq;fpyk;> gpuQ;R> n[h;kd;> ,e;NjhNdrpad;> ,j;jhyp> gh\;Nlh> ghurPfk;> Nghh;j;JfPrpak;> u\ pad;> rpq;fsk;> [g;gdP];> rPdk;> ];ghdp\; kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhopapy; ntspaplg;gLtjdhy; nfsutg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ml;il tbtikg;G (nts;sp): ve;j thh;j;ijfSk; ,y;yhky; fth; ];Nlhhpf;F tpsf;fk; nfhLf;Fk; tpjkhf gj;jphpifapd; ml;il tbtikg;Gfs; tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

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ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rfj;Jf;F mjpf nfhsutpg;Gfs; gpnu];B[; gg;spNf\d; - rh;tNjr Nahfh jpdj;jpy; NjePh; Nki[ Gj;jfk; (nts;sp): rh;tNjr Nahfh jpdk; Kjy; gjpg;gpy; xU NjePh; Nki[ Gj;jfk; mikr;rfj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; mJ cyfk; KOtjpYk; ,Ue;J Kd; vg;NghJk; ngw;wpuhj msT tuNtw;ig ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j ntspaPL Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk; ghg;-mg;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. tiyj; njhlh;G - ,iza Kfhk; (jq;fk;): 4.5 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpkhf $l;lhf gpd;njhlh;gth;fisf; nfhz;l KfE}y; gf;fk; kw;Wk; l;tpl;lh; N`z;by; MdJ ntspAwT tptfhuj;jpd; cldb nra;jpfspd; xU MjhukhfTk; kw;Wk; nghJ ,uh[je;jpu fUtpahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. epWtd ,izajsq;fs; - ntsp tptfhuj; Jiw mikr;rf ,izaj;jsk; (jq;fk;): mikr;rfj;jpd; tiyj; jskhdJ mjDila ,Ujug;G cwTfs;> ntspAwTf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Fwpj;j Kf;fpa jfty;fis gy;NtW mk;rq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpd; epiy kw;Wk; fz;Nzhl;lk; gw;wp thrfh;fSf;F njhptpf;fpwJ. ,e;jpa jhprdq;fs; gj;jphpf;ifahdJ cs;slf;fj;ij cUthf;Ftjpy; Kf;fpa jpwDld; tpsq;Fk; njd; fpof;F Mrpah kw;Wk; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; kpfg; nghpa ntspaPll ; hsuhd khvf;]N ; gh]h; kPbah F&g; %yk; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. indiaperspectives.in/magzter kw;Wk; indiaperspectives.in/issuu jsq;fspy; gj;jphpf;ifia ,izaj;jpy; ngwyhk;.

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

ciuahly;

Gjpa cauq;fis

msj;jy;

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

ciuahly;

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,Uf;fpw ebfiu epahag;Lj;JfpwJ vd;W Mg; rh;jhh; Nghd;w glq;fspy; Njt;fhdpd; nrhy;tJ epahakhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk; xU Mf;\d; Njhw;wk; tuyhw;Wf;F mg;ghy; cz;ikahd Gul;rp ebfh; Nghy;> mth; ,Ug;gpDk; mJ xU fle;j fhy fhhpakhFk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; epiyahf tsh;r;rpaile;Js;shh;. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ rptha; mij ep&gpj;Js;sJ. Vwf;Fiwa 25 Mz;Lfhy njhopypy;> GJ MapukhtJ Mz;L gpwe;jjpypUe;J> tzpf hPjpapyhd glq;fspy; mdy; ff;Fk; mtuJ jpiu ghj;jpuj;jpy; gy Gjpa Fw;w fhl;rpfs; Kjy; rphpg;G mLf;Ffisr; Nrh;j;Js;shh;> fytuk; epiwe;j Nfhy;khy; ,Jjhd; mtiu Ie;jhz;L njhlhpy; tpiwg;ghd Kfj;jpy; fhyj;jpw;Fs; rpwe;j mth; mwpKfkhfp ebj;jJ kw;Wk; jPtpukhd ebfUf;fhd ,uz;L - [h`k; fw;gidtsk;kpf;f khDl (1998) kw;Wk; ny[z;l; Mg; fpl;lj;jl;l ehlfq;fspy; tYthd kw;Wk; gfj; rpq; (2002) - nghpa gj;jhz;LfSf;Fg; rpe;jidkpf;f kdpjdhf Njrpa tpUJfis ngw gpwFk;> m[a; Njt;fhd; ebg;gJ tiu Njt;fhd cjtpAs;sJ. rpdpkh njhopy;Jiw vspjhf gue;j mstpyhd 1991 Mk; Mz;L nghpa Ma;thsh;fshy; xU jpiu fjhghj;jpuq;fis ntw;wpfukhd G+y; Mh; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. fhd;Nl vd;w mjpubAld; ebfuy;yhjtuhfNt mth; mwpKfkhfp ghypTl; cyfpy; Njt;fhd; ghh;ff ; g;gl;lhh;. fpl;lj;jl;l gj;jhz;LfSf;Fg; fskpwq;fpdhh;. Mdhy; gy gpwF> $l;lj;ij kfpo;tpf;Fk; Mz;Lfshf jahhpg;ghsh;fs; ghzpAs;s xU ebfuy;yhj Mf;\ â&#x20AC;&#x152; d; mtiu ebfuhf my;yhky; mtiu rz;il fjhehafdhf rpdpkh njhopy;Jiw ghj;jpuq;fspy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. Ma;thsh;fshy; ghh;f;fg;gl;lhh;. mtuJ rz;il rptha; mtiu ebfUf;fhd gpugykhd njhlh;fs;> jpiuapy; rz;ilfs; kw;Wk; mtuJ gpuNjrj;jpw;F jpUg;GfpwJ. Mdhy; rpthapy; Kul;Lj;jdkhd kw;Wk; jahuhd Kiwfs; nghpa mstpy; nfhLj;jjd; %yk;> m[a; ntF[d urpfh;fspd; gy gphpTfspy; mtiu Njt;fhdpy; cs;s ,af;Fdh; njspthfNt Nerpf;f itj;Js;sJ. Mf;\d; [hf;rd;> rd; nghpa cauj;j;jpw;F efh;e;Js;shh;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

etk;gH-brk;gH 2016

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Click on “Activation” link sent in email (or OTP sent in SMS to Indian Mobile Holders) to activate the account.

03 Step

Click on “Register Grievances” link to fill details of your grievances.

01 Step

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