Ip november december 14 sinhalese by Indian Diplomacy

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28 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 5 n fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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ljodo( fkdjeïn¾ 14 - 16 fld;ek§o( uqïndhs" uydrdIag%

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bkaähd bkag¾keIk,a fj<| m%o¾Ykh (IITF)

bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u mdßfNda.sl Ndkav m%o¾Ykhhs' iEu jirlu <ud ÈkfhaÈ werfUk fuu m%o¾Ykh f.da,Sh m%o¾Ylhkaf.a mq¿,a mrdihl úysÿKq ksIamdokhka m%o¾Ykh lrhs' fuu jif¾ f;audj ( ldka;d jHjidhlhka\ ljodo( fkdjeïn¾ 14 - 27 fld;ek§o( kjÈ,a,sh

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fmrjok bkaÈhdfõ Yla;su;a wd¾Ól yd há;, úNjhka m%;srdj kxjñka" bkaÈhdj ;u ksIamdok uOHia:dkh njg m;a lr .ekSug by, fmf,a f.da,Sh iud.ï fhduq lrùu b,lal lr.ksñka w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d “Make In India” jevigyk Èh;a lf<ah' iema;eïnrfha isÿjQ" Ök ckdêm;s lais ðkaðkaf.a ixpdrh ;=<ska wd¾Óluh" iudcuh yd ixialD;sluh yelshdjka .Kkdjla fj; fodrgq úúr úKs' iyfhda.S;djh úúO uÜgï j,ska n,.ekaùu b,lal lr.;a fkamd,fha meje;aùug kshñ; SAARC iuq¿j foi;a wms yeÍ n,uq' k;a;, ;=<ska rg mqrd we;s m%isoaO foajia:dkj,ska lsysmhla wms Tn fj; f.k tkafkuq' W;aijY%Sfhka yd Woafhda.fhka iurkakd jQ" bkaÈhdfõ kj;u rdcH jk f;f,ka.dkd ys W;aij ms<sn|jo wms ,shd olajkafkuq' fkdjeïn¾ 22-29 Èk j, meje;afjk 8 jk uksmqß fmdaf,da cd;Hka;rho Wreufhka ,o fuu l%Svdfõ ukialdka; l:djo wms Tng f.k tkafkuq' <ud Èkh f,iska iurk m%:u bka§h w.ue;sjrhd jk cjy,a,d,a fkare uy;df.a WmkaÈkh iksgqyka lrñka bka§h ;eme,a fomd¾;fïka;=j jir .Kkdjla ;siafia ksl=;a l< úfYaI uqoaorho Tn fj; f.k tkafkuq' jir .Kkla mqrdjg bka§h uqo,a fkdaÜgqj mßKduh jQ wdldrh lshfjk ,smsh is;a .kakd iq¿h' ckjdß udifha§ ulr ixl%dka;s iuh ;=< meje;afjk irex.,a heùfï l:dj ;=< bkaÈhdfõ ixialD;sl fmdfydi;a nj lshd mdhs' bkaÈhdj wNsudkhg m;aùu i|yd ;j;a fya;= .Kkdjls' 2020 jir jk úg f,dj úYd,;u fudag¾ r: wmkhklrejd f,i ke.S isàug wm rg iQodkïh' ldIaó¾ ksïkh ;=< fpkdí .x.dj yryd bÈfjk f,dj Wiu ÿïßh ud¾. md<u bÈ lsÍuo tjka tla ch.%yKhls' jir .Kkla mqrdjg bka§h ckdêm;sjrekag ;Hd. f,i ,nd ÿka fl!;=l jia;= úYd, m%udKhlg rdYag%m;s Njka ksjyk fjhs' bka§h fid,aodÿjka fj; msfok f.!rjhla jYfhka f,dj mqrd bÈj we;s bka§h hqO wkqiaurK olajk wjika m, lsÍu ms<sn|jo idlÉPd flf¾' tfukau úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha uyck rdfcdamdh uQ,drïNfha jd¾:d.; kdgHhla jk kdgHdkqNdj ms<sn|jo hula mjikafkuq' tfukau lshqgqí ñkd¾ fj; uqqyqK ,d msysá fuyardjq,s mqrdúoHd;aul WoHdkh ;=< we;s úYañ; jQ f.dvke.s,s Wreuhkao wms Tng f.k tkafkuq'

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28 jk fj¿u n ksl; = j = 5 n fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

ixialdrl( fihsâ wlandreoa§ka iydh ixialdrl( ksÅf,aIa älais;a úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka kj È,a,sh, 110001 bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( 91'11'23383316" *elaia( 91'11'23384663 fjí wvúh( http://www.indiandiplomacy.in Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( osdpd2@mea.gov.in

uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß úOdhl ixialdrl( fi!rí gkaLd m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u F2B tallh" fojk uy," MIRA ixia:dms; ldur fldgia wxl 1 yd 2" BYaj¾ k.¾" u;=rd mdr" kj È,a,sh" 110065" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in

úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

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kfjHda;amdok

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bkaÈhdfõ§ ksmojkak ,dxPkh

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bkaÈhdfõ 68 jk ksoyia Èkfha§ bka§h w.ue;sjrhd —tkak bkaÈhdj ;=, ilikak˜ (Come, Make in India) f,iska mjiñka f,djg wdrdOkd lf<ah

we;¦ tlsfkld yd iïnkaO;djh we;s ;reK ixj¾Okhla ,nd .ekSug;a Wr fohs' ls'ó' 1483la flakaøSh jevigyka yd úfYaIs; jQ yelshdjka È.=" wê Odß;djhlska hq;= ngysr fjka l< ÿïßh j¾Okh lsÍfï,d lemjQ wdh;k iys; kj ud¾. m%jdyk fldßfvdaj ^ Dedicated Railway Freight k.r yd ld¾ñl m¾Io" y÷kd.;a ld¾ñl Corridor (DFC)& Ndú;d lrñka f.da,Sh ksIamdok ud¾. ;=< ixj¾Okh flfrñka we;' jvd;au yd wdfhdack uOHia:dkhla f,ig DMIC jeo.;a jkafka bkaÈhdj yd wdfhdaclhka w;r ixj¾Okh flfrñka we;' fuys wruqK jkafka we;s iïnkaO;djfha wdl,amuh fjkila fuu rfgys o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h ;=< ksIamdok wxYh jevigyk u.ska ksfhdackh jeä ÈhqKq fldg m%Odk wd¾Óluh ùuh¦ wjir ,nd fok wêldßhla yelshdj ksIamdokh jk lemS fuu jevigyk fjkqjg i;H jHdmdßl fmfkk ;sridr k.r ìys lsÍuhs' bkaÈhdj yd iylrefjla njg m;a ùu' kj ks¾udK ìys lrkakkaf.a wdfhdaclhka w;r w.ue;sjrhd www.makeinindia.com nqoaêuh foam< ^IP& wdrlaId lsÍug kï fjí wvúhla Èh;a l< w;r ifydamldÍ mßirhla we;s lsÍu we;s in|;djh thska fudag¾ r:" wNHjldY" wdldY i|yd wjYH fjkialï isÿ wdl,amuh ;rKh" Ôj ;dlaIKh" ridhksl" lrñka kS;suh yd m%;sm;a;suh fjkilg Ndckh bÈlsÍï" úÿ,s hka;%" wdydr mshjr .Kkdjla bka§h rch lrhs¦ wjir,nd ksIamdokh" wdrlaIl ksIamdok" u.ska f.k we;' fok wêldrhla f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd jHdmdr tfukau há;, myiqlï fjkqjg i;H l%shdj,s l<uKdlrKh" iï" ÿïßh W;afY%aKs.; lrñka Odß;dj jHdmdßl ud¾." iqj;djh''' hkd§ jq lafIa;% kxjñka yd rfgys nqoaêuh foam, yjq ,alrefjla .Kkdjla ;=< wdfhdaclhkag ld¾hd, l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ Wiiau .fõIKh l< yels njg ±kqï uÜgfï ;dCIKh Ndú;d lrñka fokq ,eîh' f,dj jvd;au kjHlrKh yd jeä ÈhqKq l< fiajdjla ,nd §u i|ydo úfYaI wkqm%dKh ,nd fokakd jQ há;, myiqlï wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' fuu.ska rg ;=, jHdmD;Skaf.ka tlla f,i KPMG ys jvd;au nqoaêuh foam< mßmd,kfha meyeÈ,s fjkialï kjHlrK f.da,Sh jHdmD;s 100 w;rg tla jQ rdYshla isÿ fjñka mj;S' È,a,s - uqïndhs ld¾ñl fldßfvdaj ^Delhi-Mumbai fudaä rch u.ska f.k tkq ,nk bka§h Industrial Corridor (DMIC) & jeks iÔù jHdmD;Ska m%;sixialrKhkaf.a fojk mrïmrdj iu.ska f.da,Sh ;rÕldÍ mßirh ;=< Yla;su;a wd¾Ól f,dj mqrd wdfhdaclhkag fuys meñK mokula ks¾udKh lr .ekSug;a" foaYSh bkaÈhdj ;=< ieliSfï yd wkd.; f.da,Sh jdKscHh il%Sh lsÍug;a wjYH há;, myiqlï n,d.drh ;=< wdfhdackh lsÍfï iaj¾Kuh we;s lsÍug;a wdfhdack jeä lr ;sridr wjia:dj Wod ù we;'

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bkaÈhdj ish fudag¾ r: ks¾hd;hka oaù.=K lsÍug yd jir 2020 § f,dj úYd,;u wmkhklrejd ùug iQodkï fjoa§ bka§h fudag¾ r: wxYfha m%fndaOhla we;s fjñka mj;S joka | lî¾ I¾ud

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

miq.sh jif¾ ;u kj;u fudag¾ r:fhys h;=re th ´kEu ;ekl id¾:l jkq we;˜ hkakhs' /f.k .sh ,CI yhl muK ckhd ;u Èÿ,k frdao fuu úYajdih meñfKkafka bka§h mdßfNda.sl y;rg wu;rj ;j;a fohla /f.k .sh nj Tn yeisÍu w.akso. wdishdj" wl=Kq wm%sldj yd Ökfha okafkao@ fï iEu fiajd odhlfhlau ;u fudag¾ mdßfNda.sl yeisÍu yd fndfyda iudklï olajk r:h /f.k .sfha zbkaÈhdfõ ksmojk njg jk wOHhkhhs' fuu úYajdih ,§Z hk ge.a f,an,hlao iu.h' u.ska fydkavd jeks fudag¾ r: 2020 jir jk úg fvd' ì,shk ksIamdolhska ;u ksIamdok j,ska 2020 jif¾È 12laj mj;sk fudag¾ r: wmkhkh ishhg 90 la muK bkaÈhdkqlrKfhka f,dj úYd,;u fvd' ì,shk 24la olajd oaù.=K lsÍug;a ksmoùug fyda úYd, fudag¾ r: udÈ,s fudag¾ r: f,dj úYd,;u fudag¾ fudag¾ r: bkaÈhdj ;=< wdrïN lsÍu jeks fohg wmkhklrejd wmkhklrejd njg m;a ùug;a fhduq ù isà' ùu i|yd ;u bkaÈhdj wfmaCId lrhs' bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdok i|yd we;s wmkhk fvd' bka§h fj<|fmd< l=vd fudag¾ yelshdj ms<sn| úYajdih meñK we;af;a ì,shk 24 la r: ksIamdok uOHia:dkhla njg m;a iqfLdamfNda.S fudag¾ r: ksIamdolhkah' olajd oaú.=K jk ldrKd kï ksIamdokh i|yd Mercedes-Benz, BMW yd Audi ;u lsÍug bkaÈhdj mßudKql+, msßueiqï" w;s úYd, foaYSh wdfhdack l<ôka jeä m%udKhla fj<|fmd<" bxðfkarejka yd Y%ñlhka bkaÈhdj ;=, ksIamdokh lr;s' tfia wfmalaId lrhs ,nd .; yels ùuhs' kuq;a th wdrïNl uÜgfï ksIamdok tfukau fï jk úg w.aksÈ. i|yd muKla iSud fkdfõ' Mercedeswdishdfõ úYd,;u fudag¾ r: l¾udka;h we;s Benz u.ska S- mka;sfha r: ksmojk w;r BMW S-Series ;dhs,ka;fha isg keõ.; lsÍug jehjk ld,h yd X5SOV j¾.o Audi úiska A6 o ksIamdokh flf¾' ie,lsh hq;= ;rï wvq ùuo jeo.;ah' ;j;a jeo.;a fohla kï fuu id¾:l;ajh bkaÈhdfõ isg f,djg uOHfha we;s Yla;su;a úYajdihla jk —Tn SsangYong iud.u Mahindra & Mahindra u.skao Jaguar bkaÈhdfõ§ id¾:l jk fudag¾ r:hla ksmojqjfyd;a Land Rover iud.u Tata Motors u.skao w;am;a lr.ekSu

2014 uQ,H j¾Ih ;=<È bkaÈhdfjka wmkhkh l< m<uq fudag¾ r: 10 109,074 units

78,383 units

Hyundai i10

Nissan Micra

45,193 units

59,789 units

Maruti Suzuki A-Star/ Celerio

Hyundai i20 37,730 units

32,017 units

Nissan Sunny

VW Vento

28,304 units

29,107 units

Ford Figo

Hyundai Accent

20,858 units Maruti Alto

19,296 units Hyundai Eon rEm igyka wkq.%yh( bka§h fudag¾ r: ksIamdolhkaf.a ixioh

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

kfjHda;amdok

bkaÈhdfõ m%Odk ksIamdok uOHia:dk

VW VENTO

PUNE

CHENNAI HYUNDAI i20

MERCEDES BENZ

NISSAN MICRA

TATA NANO FIAT PALIO

jeks f.da,Sh wkqnoaO wdh;k w;am;a lr .ekSu ;=,ska fmkS hkafka miq.sh oYl tl yudrl ld,h ;=< bkaÈhdj yqÿ ksIamdok uOHia:dkhlah hk u;hg Tíng .uka lr we;s njhs' XUV 500 ^ol=Kq wm%sldfõ fï i|yd w;s úYd, fjf<|m,la we;'& yd Mahindra Scorpio bkaÈhdfjka msg;g wdkhkh lrk w;r Tata u.ska Aria yd Nano fudag¾ r: jï mi Odjlhka iys;j ilia fldg fjk;a udÈ,s iu. hqrdamhg hjkq ,nhs'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

ùrfhda f.da,Sh wkqnoaO wdh;khka w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd bkaÈhdj i;= yelshdj ms<sn|j iqfLdamfNda.S r: ksIamdolhka úYajdih m< l<;a tu l;dfõ ùrhka jkafka fjk;a whhs' bkaÈhdfõ fojk úYd,;u fudag¾ r: ksIamdolhd jk Hyundai ishhg 45l fldgia iu. bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u fudag¾ r: wmkhklrejd fjhs' j¾;udkfha§ tys fpkakdhs wx.kh ;=,

fudag¾ r: j¾. 100la muK ksmojd f,dalfha bÈßhgu rgj,a 120lg wêl m%udKhlg wmkhkh lrkq l¾udka; wNHka;r wdrxÑ ud¾. wkqj Hyundai ,nhs' tys wdfhdack l<U ;=, Accent yd Eon u.ska bkaÈhdfjka msg; f.da,Sh l%shdldß;ajh j,g wu;rj i10 yd i20 o ^ bkaÈhdfjka msg;g i|yd kj tkaðka ksmoùug hk w;r wdishd wmkhkh lrk fudag¾ r: w;=ßka ms<sfj,ska meis*sla l,dmh yd wm%sldj i|yd jk ksIamdok úYd,;u yd f;jk úYd,;u fudag¾ r:& we;=<;a uOHia:dkh bkaÈhdj njg Ford ks.ukh lrñka fjhs' wfkla w;ska Maruti Suzuki úiska A-Star, Alto isá' Volkswagen ;u iuia: f.da,Sh ksIamdokhka yd Ertiga hk jdyk fjk;a fj<|fmd, fj; ishhg wgla muK bkaÈhdfjka isÿlsÍug wmkhkh lrhs' bkaoSh fj<|fmd, n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' ta w;ru Suzuki ;=< iSudiys; id¾:l;ajhla ;u 2015 ud¾;= ui jk úg ueo fmkajk Nissan tys ;ñ,akdvq fmrÈ." wms%ldj" ,;ska wfußldj bka§h foaYSh wx.kfha iuia; ksIamdokhkaf.ka yd w.aksÈ. wdishdj i|yd isÿ lrk ksIamdok ms<sn|j ishhg 85 lau wmkhkq lrkq ,efí' ish¨ wmkhk lghq;= bkaÈhdjg jk úYajdih tfukau miq.sh jif¾ bkaÈhdfjka f.k taug lghq;= lrkq we;' meñK we;af;a fofjkshg jeä jYfhkau wmkhkh mßudKdkql+, msßueiqï" YslaIs; f,dj iq m s ß lrkq ,enq fudag¾ r:h jk Nissan Y%u n,ldh yd Wmldrl rdcH fudag¾ r: Micra f.da,Sh jYfhka fj<|fmd, m%;sm;a;s u.ska bkaÈhdjg f.da,Sh ks I a m dolhkaf.ks 100 l muK wf,ú fõ' tys Wm fudag¾ r: wmkhk fCIa;%fha ikakduh jk Datsun, Datsun Go f,i n, l|jqrla lsÍug wjYH miqìu kej; wdrïN l< w;r f,dj i|yd imhk w;ru ish¨u md¾Yajhka mQ¾K jYfhkau bkaÈhdj ;=< ksmojQjls' ch .kakd wjia:djka ,nd § bka§h fudag¾ r: German Volkswagen (VW) iuQyh" uef,aishdj" fCIa;%h Yla;su;aj j¾Okh fjhs' fulaisfldaj yd ms,smSkh ;=< wf,ú lrk bÈka l,d.drhla keröug m%xYfhaÈ Tata Nano Vento fya;=fjka miq.sh jif¾È ishhg 295 l r:hla mK .kajk úg" Ñ,sfhaÈ Chevrolet Beat j¾Okhla jd¾;d lf<ah' r:hl wdikh ilia lrk úg " flkahdfõÈ miq.sh jif¾Ès Volkswagen ;u bka§h XUV 500 r:hlska i*dß .ukl fhfok wx.kfhaÈ Èh;a lrk ,o fudag¾ r: w;ßka úg" fldams ñ,§ .ekSug bkaÿkSishdfõ iqmsß ishhg 30 la wmkhkh l< w;r Ford iud.u fj<|i,lg Hyundai Accent ßhlska .uka lrk úiska Figo yd Ecosport fudag¾ r: f.da,Shj rgj,a úg - ta ish,a,u ZbkaÈhdfõ ksIamdokh lr we;Z' 40 lg muK wmkhkh lf<ah' wNsudkh fln÷o@

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

iyfhda.S;djfha

kj mßÉfþohla

Ökh yd bkaÈhdj kï jQ wdishdkq fhdaOhka fofokd tlÕ;djhka yd iïuq;Ska lsysmhlgu w;aika ;enQ w;r tu.ska forg w;r jir 2000lg wêl in|;djh ;j;a mshjr lsysmhlska by,g tiúKs

bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä n,d isáh§ Ök ckdêm;s lais ðka.amska.a p¾ldj l%shd;aul lsÍug W;aidy .ksñka

isú,a kHIaÀl n,Yla;s iyfhda.S;djh" kd;=,d isg lhs,dIa ukaifrdajd¾ fj; jk ud¾.h újD; lsÍu" ixialD;sl f;rmqu" ixpdrl jHdmdrh" l,dj yd ck;dj w;r in|;djh" uydrdYag% yd .=crdÜys Ök l¾udka; mqrhla bÈlsÍu''''' fuu iema;eïnrfha§ Ök ckdêm;s lais ðka.a mska.a bkaÈhdj fj; isÿ l< ixpdrfhka miq we;s jQ Okd;aul m%jK;djhka lsysmhls ta' kj ckdêm;s hgf;a bkaÈhdj flfrys Ökfha

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

t<Uqfuys fuu iqúfYaIS mßKdukh iksgqyka jkafka 1996 isg fï jk f;la bkaÈhdfõ ixpdrh l< ;=kajk Ök ckdêm;sjrhd ùuo ksidfjks' fuu ixpdrh u.ska wdishdkq ±jeka;hska fofokdf.a oaùmd¾Yaúl in|;djh" wkqrEm;djfha" úYajdifha yd újD;Ndjfha kj wÈhrla fj; f.k hkq ,eìKs' fuu ixpdrh ;=,§ iudkd;au;djh yd wfkHdakH m%;s,dN hk m%;sm;a;sh u; msysgd

;=,s; yd ;sridr wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhla iy wjYH nj forgu ms<s.kS' bkaÈhdj Ökh yd fj<| in|;d m%j¾Okh Wfoid bkaÈhdj l< fj<| lghq;= 2000 jif¾§ fvd'ñ,shk 30 ;=< uOHld,Sk ud¾. is;shula iliñka la jQ w;r 2003 jif¾§ fvd'ñ,shk 70 njg jvd fõ.j;a ÿñßh ud¾. ixj¾Okh i|yd m;aj ;sìKs' —bkaÈhdj yd Ökh hkq tlsfkld jeä wdfhdackhla lsÍug fmdfrdkaÿ jQ w;r w;r ñ;%YS,S wka;¾l%shdldÍ;ajlska hqla; jQ lDIsld¾ñl" T!IOuh yd wmkhk jir oyia .Kkl fm!rdKsl ksIamdok i|yd jk fj<|m, YsIagdpdrhkag Wreulï lshk msúiqu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug;a bka§h rgj,a folls' wms tlsfkldf.a 2000§ fvd,¾ Y%jH oDYH ks¾udKhka f.da,Sh YsIagdpdrhka w.h lrk w;ru ñ,shk 30la fj<|fmd< ;=< jvd jeä jYfhka tajdg .re lrkafkuq' wmf.a jQ Ök bka§h biau;= lsÍug bjy,a jk f,i ñ;%YS,S ne£ï Yla;su;a fldg fj<|du 2003§ rgj,a foflysu ksIamdokhkag ;u wm tlsfkldg fmdfrdkaÿ jk fvd,¾ ñ,shk ks¾udKd;aul" l,d;aul" ;dCIKsl wdldrfhka lghq;= lsÍuo b;d 70la olajd uQ,H yd wf,úlrK iïm;a fhdod. jeo.;ah'˜ ðka.amska.a uy;d j¾Okh úh ksñka tlaj Ñ;%mg ksIamdokh m%ldY lf<ah' cd;Ska folu ke.S lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §ug;a wjYH tk fj<|m,j,a ksidfjka ;u moku ieliqks' fojk b,lalh jkqfha forg w;r ó<Õ mia jir ;=< bkaÈhdfõ we'fvd' iyfhda.S;djh jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSu nj mejiQ ì,shk 20l wdfhdackhla isÿ lrk njg Ökh Tyq Ök yd bka§h ck;djg m%;s,dN ,efnk ±kkgu;a m%ldY lr we;' iyfhda.S;djh neúka forg w;r iyfhda.S;djh b;d jeo.;a jeäÈhqKq lrkq jia fj<| ne£ï Yla;su;a lsÍu nj;a m%ldY lf<dah'

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

.x.d kï .`.

MGC kj

cjhla .ks

fufldka.a .x.d iyfhda.s;d uQ,drïNh u.ska fuu .x.d fødaKs oajhfhys isák ckhd w;r ióm in|;djhla f.dv ke.Sug myiqlï i,ihs ixpdrl jHdmdrh" ixialD;sh" wOHdmkh fukau m%jdyk yd ikaksfõok wxYhkaf.a by< iyfhda.s;djhla f.dvke.Sug fukau l,dmh ;=< wkd.; fj<| yd wdfhdack lghq;= i|yd Yla;su;a mokula f.dv ke.Su i|ydo bkaÈhdj yd ASEAN ixúOdkfha ^w.aksÈ. wdishdkq rdcHhkaf.a ixúOdkh& rgj,a my jk ldïfndach" ,d´ih"

ñhekaudrh" ;dhs,ka;h yd úhÜkduh tla ù uq,drïNhla ms<sn|j jk ixl,amh l%shd;aul lr thg fufldka.a-.x.d iyfhda.s;djh (MGC) f,i kï ;nk ,È' .x.d yd fifldka.a hkq YsIagdpdruh .x.djka folla jk w;r fuu m%Odk.x.d fødaKsj, jdih lrk ck;dj w;r ióm in|;djhla we;s lsÍu fuu jev igyfka wruqK ù ;sfí' MGC u.ska

fufldka.a .`.

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

2010 jif¾È ldïfndacfhaÈ MGC wdishdkq iïm%odhsl frÈms<s fl!;=ld.drhg uq,a., ;nk m%;sNd foaõiska.a mfg,a ^ol=K& 2012 iema;eïn¾ ui mej;s yhjk MGC wud;Huh yuqj

isÿjk ;j;a fohla kï idudðl rgj,a w;r ms<sjegqï wruqo, i|yd jd¾Islj we'fvd' ñ,shk YsIagdpdruh" ixialD;sluh yd jdKscuh ne£ï 1 l uQ,Huh ne£ula bkaÈhdj m%ldYhg m;a Yla;su;a lsÍuh' lf<ah' fuu wruqo, foaYSh m%cdjkag iDcqju MGC msyg s jkq ,enqfõ 2000 fkdjeïn¾ 10 jk m%;s,dN imhk flá ie,iqï jHdmD;s i|yd Èk m<uq MGC wud;Huh yuqfõÈ úhekaáheka fhdojkq we;' fuu w;sf¾l wx.hka úiska yS§h' BIMSTEC ^nyq wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól MGC flfrys idudðlhkaf.a we;s ne£u ;j;a iyfhda.; s djh i|yd jk fnx.d, fndlal wdY%; s meyeÈ<s lrjQfhah' uQ,drïNh& kï 1997 msyg s jkq ,enq l,dmSh 6 jk MGC jHdmdr iuq¿fõÈ MGC rgj, we;s tl;=fjka miq msyg s jkq ,enq fuh bkaÈhdj yd Wreu m%foaY ixrlaIKh lsÍu i|yd ;dhs,ka;h w.akÈs . wdishdkq wi,ajeishka w;r bkaÈhdj iu. tlaj jev lghq;= we;sjq ;j;a iduqyl s jHdhduhls' lsÍu ms<sn|j tl`.;djh m%ldY werUqfuka miq /iaùï yhla meje;ajQ lrk ,È' ;jo c, m;a, mqrdúoHd Èh m;a, mqrdúoHd w;r bka wjika jrg meje;ajq / iólaIK jHdmD;sh i|yd jk iólaIK iaùu bkaÈhdfõÈ ixúOdkh flßK' mqyqKq jev igyk i|ydo jHmD;sh i|yd ^2012 iema;eï¾ 04& ;dhs,ka;h iyNd.s fjhs' fuu jk mqyqKq yhjk iuq¿fõÈ" tl`.;djh yuqj ;=<È bkaÈhdj ñhkaudrh yd jevigykg mj;sk j¾;udk m%Odk fCIa;%hka ;dhs,ka;h w;r iyfhda.s;djh ;dhs,ka;h y;rg wu;rj MGC hgf;a kj yd uyd ud¾. jHdmD;sj, uE; fCIa;%o y÷kd .kakd ,È' fuu ld,Sk ixj¾Okh ms<sn|j iyNd.s jkq we; lreKq w;r l,dmhg wod, idlÉPd flßK' fi!LH m¾fhaIK yd jix.; frda. bka§h rch" zkef.kysr n,kakZ l<ukdlrK ksmqk;djh yqjudre lr .ekSu" m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a we;s uQ,drïNhka ;=<ska bka§h l=vd yd uOH mßudK jHdmdr fCaI;%h w.aksÈ. l,dmfha wi,ajeis rgj,ska Wmßu ;=< yd fufldx rdcH ;=< mj;sk m%;s,dNhka wdfhdackhka m%udKhla wdl¾Ykh lr .ekSug tla;eka lsÍu" wdydr wdrlaIKh yd iïnkaO W;aidy ork w;r th wkd.;fhaÈ meyeÈ,sj lreKq iy wmf.a l,dmfha fmdfydi;a ffcj fmfkkq we;' tfukau 5 jk wud;Huh úúO;aajh ixrlaIKh lsÍu hkdÈh we;=,;ah' yuqfõÈ" MGC rgj,a w;r ±kqj;a lsÍfï m%o¾Yk ldïfndacfhys isfhï Íma ys iïm%odhsl ixúOdkh lsÍug wu;rj mj;sk YsIH;ajhka wdishdkq frÈms<s fl!;=ld.drh msysgqùu ms<sn| 50 w;rg ixialD;sh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd bka§h uQ,drïNh by,skau w.h flßK' jD;a;Suh úIhhka wOHhkh lsÍug ;j;a bkaÈhd - CLMV laIKsl m%;sM, jHdmD;s YsIH;aj 50 la bkaÈhdj úiska tla lrk ,È' fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldÍ;ajh

ixl%dka;sh

i|yd ld,hhs

t<fUk SAARC iuq¿j ;=<ska tys wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd ld¾hlaIu;djh yd j.ùu by< kxjd,kq jia iyfhda.s;d hdka;%Khla l%shd;aul l< hq;=j we; joka | IS,a ldkaÜ I¾ud

ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkh (SAARC) fyj;a ol=Kq wdishdfõ l,dmSh iyfhda.s;djh i|yd jk ks, ixioh" 1985 isÿjq tys wdrïNfha mgkau úúO jQ me;sudkhka Tiafia l,dmSh lghq;= l%shd;aul l< w;r bka fndfyduhla ks, fkdjk tajd úh' jd¾Islj le|jkq ,nk SAARC iuq¿j by< uÜgfï ks, W;aijhla fjhs' flfia fj;;a fkdjeïnrfhaÈ fkamd,fha mej;aùug kshñ; t,fUk iuq¿j jir 29 la ;=< le|jk 18 jk iuq¿j jk w;r fujr le|fjkafka jir ;=klg miqjh' uE; ld,h ;=<È iuq¿jg fmr Èfjk l%shdj,shla isÿfjñka mj;s' wud;HdxY$f,alï uÜgfï /iaùï yd l%shdud¾.hka bgq lsÍug wod,j f¾Çh wud;HdxY i|yd jk hdka;%K úYd, m%udKhla ixúOdkh fldg we;' fjk;a

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

iyfhda.s;djhka u.ska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o ch.%yKhka yd iuùug wdishdkq l,dmSh;d jdohg bv yir ,ndfokq jia miq.sh iuq¿ jdr ;=<ska fuu l%shdj,sh isÿ lrkq ,eìK' úúO uÜgï j,ska iyfhda.s;djh Yla;su;a l< hq;= njg ish¿u SAARC rchka tl`. ù we;' ol=Kq wdishdkq wkkH;djhla i|yd jk wju jQ Wkkaÿjo fuys,d u;=jk ;j;a lreKls' WodyrKhla f,i ol=Kq wdishdkq vhiafmdardj fj; olajkq ,nk wdl,mh u.ska thg ndOd muqKqjkq ±lsh yelsh' SAARC ys wruqKq l,dmSh o¾Ykhla úlD;s lrk idOlhka fyda cd;sljdÈ m%siauhka blaujd hhs' tys m%{ma;sh l,yldß .eg¿ u.yßk w;r l%shd;aul lsÍug mjd wmyiq jk wdldrhg nyqúO jQ mq¿,a kHdh m;%hla u; mokïj

2011 ud,Èjhsfka mej;s 17 jk SAARC iuq¿fõÈ " ol=fKa isg jug¦ we*a.ksia:dkq ckdêm;s yóâ l¾idhs uy;d¦ nx.a,dfoaYA w.ue;sksh fn.ï L,svd ishd¦ bka§h w.ue;s wdpd¾h ukafudayka isx¦ N+;dk w.ue;s ,sfhdkafmda ð.añ fhdai¾ ;ska,s uy;d¦ ud,Èjhska ckdêm;s fudyuâ kISâ uy;d¦ fkamd, w.ue;s ndnqrdï NÜgdrdhs uy;d¦ mdlsia:dka w.ue;s hQiq*a rdid .s,dks uy;d yd Y%S ,xld ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d

mdroDYH yd tl`.;djhlska hq;a l%shdud¾.hla i|yd wjYH myiqlï i,ihs' wo jk úg wjYH jk meyeÈ<s l%shd ud¾. hla jkafka rchka muKla fkdj ish¿ md¾Yaj lrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh we;sj M,odhs yd l%shd;aul l< yels m%uqL;djhka ieliSuhs' wka;¾cd,fhka f.k tkq ,nk w;:H iïnkaO;d" cx.u ÿrl:k l%uh yd 24«7 mqrd Èfjk rEmjdysKs fiajh u.ska SAARC rgj,a oaúmd¾Yaúl in|;d Yla;su;a lr .kakd w;ru l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d rduqjla fj; t<öu i|yd tlaj .uka lsÍug wjYH fya;= ldrKd imhhs' ndysßka t,a,jk n,hka ;=<ska iyÔjkfhka msÍ ixj¾Okhla i|yd jk ud¾.hla f,i l,dmSh;djdohg jákdlula tla lrhs' ud,Èjhsfka mej;s wjika iuq¿fõÈ" ck;dj w;r in|;djh" ixpdrl jHdmdrh" n,Yla;sh" m%jdykh" fj<| myiqlï iemhSu" nexl=lrK yd wdfhdack hkdÈ fCIa;%j, m%.;sh ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lrk ,È' fï ish,a, i|yd wdo¾Ykhka idudðl;aj rdcHhkag we;s kuq;a tys mrud¾:hka .%yKh lr .ekSu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd fjfyi úh hq;=j we;' tla wd¾Ósl m%cdjlaa f.dvk.d.kq msKsi hqfrdamd fldñiu .; l< oyia .Kka jQ wisre ñksia Èk u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka t i|yd ±ßh hq;= fjfyi yd m%n, W;aidyhkag flá ux fkdue;s

njhs' SAARC rgj,a ish,af,au m%Odk .eg¿j há;, myiqlï jk w;r Wm l,dmSh iyfhda.s;djhkaf.a iuyr wxYhka u.ska th id¾:l lr .kakd whqre fmkajd Èh yels jkafkah' ó<`. iuq¿j ;=<È ish¿u idudðl rgj,a iqodkï fkdue;skï iQodkïj mj;sk Wml,dmSh m%foaYj, fyda jHdmD;ska l%shd;aul lssÍug mshjr .; hq;=j we;' SAARC m%{ma;sh u.ska iyfhda.s;djh i|yd rdcHhka follg jvd m%udKhlg tlaù tjeks jHdmD;Ska Èh;a l< yelsh' ks, SAARC hdka;%Khg msáka fj<| myiqlï iemhSu" m%jdykh" n,Yla;sh yd iuia: iïnkaO;djh iïnkaO fndfyda m%drïNl ld¾hhka isÿ lr we;' iSud l<ukdlrK bÈlsÍï" N+ñ nÿ uOHia:dk" lkafÜk¾ m%jdykh yd ixl%uKh" nexl=lrKh yd wdY%s; úÿ,s ixfoaY cd, ;=,ska jeä ÈhqqKq lrK ,o ud¾. in|;djhka ms<sn|j ks¾foaY bÈßm;a fjñka we;' fïjd wfkl=;a l,dmhkaf.a iyfhda.s;djhg jeo.;ajQ meyeÈ<s jk tfy;a ol=Kq wdishdkqkag ;ju;a .%yKh lr .; fkdyels jQ lreKqh' l,dmSh fj<|du we'fvd' ì,shka 18l jákdlulska hqla; jqjo isÿ lr we;s wOHhkhka lsysmhlg wkQj th we'fvd' ì,shka 120 la olajd jeälr .ekSfï úNjhla mj;s' 1991 § we'fvd' ì,shk 3 la j ;snqK ASEAN iu. jk bka§h fj<|du wo jk úg we'fvd' ì,shk 100 olajd by< ke.

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

1998 fld<U mej;s 10 jk SAARC iuq¿jg iyNd.sjQ idudðl cd;skaf.a kdhlfhda

;sîu fuh l< yelalla nj wmg fmkajd fohs' hq;=h' fuu.ska Wml,amkh lrk ,o oaúmd¾Yaùh bkaÈhdj yd ASEAN w;rg ÿria:Ndjh .eg¿jla ielhka we;s úh yels w;r iuq¿ uÜgfï ;SrK fkdjQ l,ays ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< we;s N+ ióm;ajh i|ydo n,mEï lrkq we;' SAARC f,alï ld¾hd,fha ta i|yd ufydamldß fkdjkaafkao@ SAARC i;=j we;s jHqyh Yla;su;a lsÍu" ASEAN yd fjk;a l,dmSh wju hdka;%Kh mjd ksishdldrj l%shdl<fyd;a iyfhda.S;djhka f.a fuka SAARC uyf,alï OQrh j¾;udkhg jvd by< w;am;a lr.ekSï <`.d fj; by< ;;ajhla wêldßhla yd j.lsula m%odkh lr.kq we;' lsÍu yd SAARC hdka;%Kh kuHYS,s yd M,odhs lsÍu leìkÜ f,alïjre" cd;sl rdcH hkdÈ woyia fndfyduhla mek kef. fiajd fldñIka iNdj, yd úYajúoHd, ñka mj;s' m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj, m%Odkskaf.a ol=Kq wdishkqq l,dmSh;djdoh ;=,ska t,fUk yuqúï jeks jeks mshjrhka u.ska l,dmSh yjq,alrejka ish¨ fokd iuq¿j ;=,ska fyd|u mßphka yd w;a±lsï yqjudre yg jákdlï ,ndfokq we;' rchka l% shdldß;ajh lr.eksug yd f;areï.ekSug;a rgj,a l¾udka;" Ydia;%{hska udOH yd iudch fõ.fhka w;r iyfhda.s;djfha md,ï bÈlsÍug;a hkdÈ jYfhks' .eg¿ úi£fï t,Uqu jeä ÈhqKq ux újr jkq we;' u.ska úYd, fjkila we;s l, yelsh' lsÍug wjYH l%shdldß;ajh iudf,dapkh lsÍug;a w;am;a lr.;a ch.%yKhkaf.a wju iyfhda.s;d ;sridr ks¾foaYhka ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd;a uÜgul isák j;auka iajrEmfhys fukau mj;sk l%shdj,ska ksYaÑ; fjkila we;s lsÍu msKsi jvd jeä hdka;%Khla ld, mrdihka ;=< wëlaIKh lsÍu Yla;shla" fhduqùula" uqo,a yd udkj ielish hq;=h i|yd;a Wiia uÜgfï úYdrohkaf.a iïm;a wjYH fõ' lKavdhula m;alsÍu jeks l%shd ud¾. SAARC Yla;u s ;a lsÍu msKi s bkaÈhdj hka ;=<ska SAARC fj; mqk¾Ôjh iemhsug ld,h iydh olajd we;s w;ru miq.h s oYlh mqrd ,ndÿka t<U we;' ilid we;s b,lalhka idlaId;a lr.kq fkduiqre wiuñ;sl jQ odhl;ajh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh jia ld¾hh ld¾hCIu;djh yd j.ùu jeä ÈhqKq l< yel' ÈhqKf q jñka mj;sk rgj,a f,i SAARC lsÍug tys hdka;%Kh ielish hq;=j we;' SAARC idudðlhka jgyd.; hq;= jkafka wjia:djka kue;s ys mj;sk hï hï merKs yd h,a mskQ mßphka ljq¿ ieuod újD;j fkdmj;sk njhs' fuu mefha fya;=fjka tys mámdáka ck;dj w;rg f.dia ke;' wjYHj we;af;a blauka jqjukdj ñi yqfola ta ms<n s | fuu mßphka fjkia úh hq;= w;r mdroDYH úh wjOdkh Èkd .ekSug h;ak ±Íu fkdfõ' fuys l;=jrhd 2008 yd 2011 w;r ld,h ;=< SAARC uy f,alïjrhd f,i lghq;= lf<ah'

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nqyquk

widkdia yd

Ñls;aidfõ úYdrohd

f.da,Sh jYfhka fhda. ixialD;sh me;srùu ksid lS¾;shg m;a jQ î'fla'tia' whsfhka.d¾" fï jif¾ wf.daia;=fõ§ fuf,dj yer .sfhah' tfy;a Tyq odhdo l, Wreuh iod Ôjudk fjhs'''' joka | ìrdoa rdÊrdï hÊksla

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nqyquk

whsfhka.d¾ fhda. l%ufha ks¾ud;Djrhd jkdys furg muKla fkdj cd;Hka;rj úyso .sh kùk fhda. f,dalfha úfYaI{fhla jkafkah' fnÆ¾ l%sIaKdup¾ iqkaorrdcd whsfhka.d¾ 1960 .Kkaj, ueo Nd.fha isg ngysr f,dj fj; fhda. ixialD;sh /f.khdfuka lS¾;shg m;a jQfjls' Tyqf.a úfYaIs; jQ fhda. ffY,sh jk whsfhka.d¾ fhda. f,dj mqrd fhda. uOHia:dk .Kkdjla ia:dms; ùug bjy,a jQ w;r tajdhska fhda. ms<sn|j b.ekaùug;a" .=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu yd Tjqka iy;sl lsÍu;a isÿfõ' uydrdIag%fha mQfkays we;s ruuKS whsfhka. d¾ wkqiaurK fhda. wdh;kh" whsfhka.d¾ fhda. ffY,sfha m%Odk uOHia:dkh jk w;r fhda. m¾fhaIK" Ñls;ail mka;s meje;aùu fukau uqøs; yd nyqudOH m%ldYkhka yd fhda. wdOdr wf<úh ;=<ska wruqo,a /ia lsÍu yd udkj ys;jd§ lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh lrhs'

whsfhka.d¾ yd fhda. Ñls;aidj fhda.j, we;s iqj lsÍfï n,h fm!oa.,slju w;a ú¢ whsfhka.d¾ iudcfha i;=g yd hy meje;au Wfoid fuu iqj lsÍfï ±kqu w;HdjYH njg úYajdi lf<ah' ñksia YÍrh yd wdidk Ñls;aidjg tys we;s m%;spdrh ms<sn|j Tyqf.a ;snQ mD:Q, wjfndaOh ;=,ska úúO wdndOhka iqj lsÍu i|yd úfYaIs; jQ jevigyka

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Tyq úiska iïmdokh flßKs' ksielju" oyia .Kka jQ úúOdldr wikSmhka iqjlsÍfï§ Tyq id¾:l jQfõh' fhda. ms<sn| wjfndaOh yd fhda. ( i¾jdx.hkaf.a ksfrda.S nj fj;g jk udj;a kï Tyqf.a lD;sfha tla tla frda.h i|yd m%;sM, f.fkk ksYaÑ; wdidk wkql%uhka iys; fhda. Ñls;aidjka i|yd ie,lsh hq;= fldgila fjka lr we;' fhda. Ñls;aidj ms<sn|j Tyq fufia mjihs —fhda. Ñls;aidfõ isõ ia:ïNhka jkqfha ffjoHjrhd" m%;sldrh" iydhlhd yd frda. shdh' fhda. f,dj ±lau wkQj ffjoHjrhd jkafka mgkac,S bisjrhdh" m%;sldrh wdidkdiah" iydhlhd fhda. .=rejrhdh" frda.shd YsIHhdh' frda.Ska yg widkdia ks¾foaY flfrkafka Tjqkaf.a frda.h" YdÍßl yd Ndjuh ;;ajhka wkQjh' fuh b;d m%fõYfuka l< hq;a;ls' frda. Ñls;aid l%shdj,sh mokï jkafka YÍrfha ksYaÑ; fldgia úys§u yd wfkl=;a fldgia ndê; lsÍu isÿjk wdldrhg wkdidia f;dard .ekSu yd wkq.ukh lsÍuhs''' wruqK jkafka ksYaÑ; frda. ,laIKhka iqj lsÍu fkdj frd. ksOdkhka fj; fhduq ùuhs'

whsfhka.d¾ fhda. ffY,sfha by, ke.Su miqlf,l Tyqf.a fyd|u yjq,aldßksh WmfoaYsldj yd ;u lafIa;%fha úYsIag;ajhg m;a ùu i|yd jQ .ufka iúh jQ rduuKS yd 1943§ Tyq újdy jQfhah' fuu hqj, uq,§ b;d wiSre Ôú;hla .; l< kuq;a Tyqf.a ckm%sh;ajh fiñka kuq;a wp, f,i j¾Okh jkakg úh' ksoyiska miq kj bkaÈhdj úúO jQ úYsIaghka yd rdcH kdhlhka ms<s.ksñka isáfhah' Tjqka fndfyda fofkl=g bÈßm;a lsÍï lsÍu i|yd whsfhka.d¾ fj; wdrdOkd ,eìKs' whsfhaka.d¾ tfia fhda. bÈßm;a lsÍï l< mqoa.,hka w;r m<uq bka§h ckdêm;s wdpd¾h rdfÊkaø m%idoa yd IV jk fmda,a mdma jykafia m%Odkh' bka§h l=,Skhka fukau Y,H ffjoH wdpd¾h riagï cd,s jlS,ao we;=¿ m%Odk fmf<a jHdmdßlhka foaYmd,lhka yd l%Svlhka we;=¿ fndfyda fofkl=g Tyq b.ekajQfhah' Tyq jh,Ska jdol yd ix.S;{ fhyqÈ fukqyska fj; 1952 § y÷kajd fokq ,enqfõ jlS,a úisks' tys§ lshfjk mßÈ

^by< ju& whsfhka.d¾ ;u ióm ñ;=rd jk ix.S;{ fhkqÈ fukqyska iu. ^by< ol=K& Tyqf.a iïNdjH fhda. uqødjl isáñka

fukqyska whsfhka.d¾ yg úkdä myl ld,h Ñls;aidfjys YdÍßl" udkisl yd wOHd;añl fjka lsÍula lr ;snqk;a Tjqkaf.a yuqj isÿ jQ m%;s,dNSka ieug N=la;s ú¢h yels úh' úg th meh ;=k yudrl ld,hla olajd we§ Tyqf.a ksmqK;ajh ms<sn|j uyckhdo ±kqj;a f.dia ;sìKs æ ;udg fyd¢ka kskao fkdhk jk úg ì%%;dkH yd fjk;a hqfrdamd rgj, nj;a fjfyig m;aj we;s nj;a b.ekaùï i|yd whsfhka.d¾g jeä fukqyska mejiQ l,ays whsfhka. jeäfhka wdrdOkd ,eìKs' iEu Tyqf.a d¾ ñks;a;= lsysmhla we;=,; Tyqg jirlu Tyqf.a mka;shg iyNd.S ksmqK;ajh kskao <`.d fldg we;' bka jir ùug fkdyels jQ úYd, msßila B<`. 47lg miq fukqyska ñh hk f;lau jdrh tk f;la n,d isáhy' fuu ms<sn|j ckhd Tjqka fofokd ióm ñ;=rka jQy' wNHdi j,g fl;rï b,a¨ula ±kqj;a jk whsfhka.d¾f.a Ndrldr;ajh hgf;a mej;sfhao h;a Tyq úg hqfrdamd Tyq ksrka;r fhda. wNdifhys fkdue;s úgl mka;s rgj,g meñK ksr; jkakl= jQfõh' fukqyska" mj;ajdf.k hdu b.ekaùu i|yd ì%;dkHh" m%xYh yd iaúÜi¾,ka;h msKsi WmfoaYlhka whsfhka.d¾ yg fj; whsfhka.d¾ le|jdf.k mqyqKq lsÍug yd jeä jeäfhka .sfhah' tl, tys m%isoaO mqoa.,hka ;u l%ufõohka wdrdOkd ,eìKs fndfydauhlhg fhda. b.ekajQ Tyq ;=<ska Tjqkaj iy;sl 1958 § t,sin;a /ðK yd fn,aðhï lsÍug whsfhka. uõ /ðK bÈßmsgo ;u olaI;d úoyd d¾ mshjr .;af;ah' mEfõh' tfia jqj;a Tyqf.a b.ekaùu fmdfydi;a wo jk úg whsfhka.d¾ fhda. yd m%isoaO mqoa.,hkag muKla iSud fkdùh' mka;s yd WmfoaYlhka f,dj iEu whsfhka.d¾f.a fhda. wNHdi j, iqj lsÍfï uyoaùmhlu ±lsh yelsh' úIqj,a lafjiaÜ nqlaia u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o —fY%aIaG bka§h fhda. .=rejrfhda˜ fj;ska Wmqgd .kakd ,§'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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<ud úh

ieuÍu

fkdjeïn¾ 14 jk Èk furfgys ieufrk <ud Èkh ksñ;sfldg f.k jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a fuu wjia:dj iksgqyka lsÍug ksl=;a l< uqoaor .Kkdj foi yeÍ n,uq

m<uq bka§h w.ue;sjrhd jk mKaä;a cjy¾,d,a fkaref.a ckau ixj;airho ieufrk ksidfjka ish¿u orejkag <ud Èkh meyeÈ,s jeo.;alulska hqla; fjhs' pdpd ^udud& f,i wdorKSh f,i wu;kq ,enq fkare bkaÈhdfõ wkd.;h jk orejkayg fldkafoais úrys; wdorh yd fifkyi ±laùu ms<sn|j wjOdrKh l< wfhls' fuu Èkh ;=< m%Odk;u wruqK jkafka rg mqrd isák orejkaf.a iqNidOkh i|yd Èß §uhs' 1957 isg bka§h ;eme,a fomd¾;fïka;=j <ud Èkh iksgqyka lsÍug úfYaI uqoaor .Kkdjla ksl=;a lr we;' fuu uqoaor u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka <ud iqNidOk jHdmdrh ;=< we;s fmdaIK" úfkdaodiajdo yd wOHdmksl ,laIKhkah' wms tu uqoaor w;ßka lsysmhla fufia f.kyer olajkafkuq'''

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<ud ixj¾Okh 1957 <ud Èkh fjkqfjka ksl=;a l< m<uq uqoaorhhs' fuu.ska <ud ixj¾Okfha jvd;au jeo.;a md¾Yajh jk fmdaIKh úoyd mdhs'

;dreKHh fj; Och ,nd §u 1962 §ma;su;a bkaÈhdjl wkd.;h ;dreKHh hk mKsúvh f.k yer olajhs' fuys§ bka§h cd;sl Och orefjl= w;g ,nd fokq fmkajhs'

bka§h ;eme,a fomd¾;fïka;=j mKaä;a fkaref.a ckau ixj;airh iurk ÈkfhaÈ <ud Èk uqoaor y÷kajd fohs' fuu uqoaor ks¾udKh jkafka ta ta jir i|yd ;SrKh flreKq f;audjkag orejka úiska bÈßm;a lrk ks¾udK j,sks'˜ ldfõß nek¾ð" f,alï" ;eme,a fomd¾;fïka;=j" bkaÈhdj

fyg Èkh Ôj;a lrjuq 1999

ixialD;sl ixj¾Kkh 1974

fuu uqoaorh ie,iqï lr we;af;a wjqreÿ kjhla jhie;s orefjl=f.a ixl,amhla u; ksujq f;audjlh' 2000 jif¾È bkaÈhdj( fyg Èkh wdrlaIs;" mßir ;=,s; yd iduldñ hq.hl t,Uqu nj Tyq ols'

l,dj yd ixialD;sfha jeo.;alu ms<sìUq lrk w;r bkaÈhdj ;=< UNICEF ys 25 jk jir iïmQ¾K lsÍu iksgqyka lrhs'

wOHdmkh 2003 fuu Ñ;%fhys f;audj jkafka orejdf.a wOHdmkh jk w;r wOHdmkh i|yd .eyeKq orejdg we;s whs;sh f.k yer olajhs'

;dCIKsl n,h 1985 bkaÈhdj ;=< ;dCIKsl j¾Okh yd 1980 .Kkaj,È kjuqQ WmlrKhla jQ mß.Klh iys;j isák mdi,a orejka f.kyer olajhs'

<ud Ñ;%mg iudch 2005

ndOdjka ch.ekSu 1986

fuu fudaia;rh ksfhdackh lrkafka <ud Ñ;%mg iudchhs' 1955 we;s l< fuu rdcH ixúOdkh úúO bkaÈhdkq NdIdj,ska <ud Ñ;%mg yd rEmjdysks jevigyka ksIamdokh lrhs'

fuu uqoaorfhka fmkakqï lrkafka .,a m¾j;hla k.sk .eyeKq orefjls' bkaÈhdfõ .eyeKq orejka iEu úgu ndOl chf.k bÈßhg hk whqre fuu. ska úoydmdhs'

tluq;= nj 2008 fuu uqoaorh wd.ñl tluq;= nj kï W;=ï ixl,amh úoyd olajk w;r bkaÈhdj ;=< zzúúO;ajfha talSh;ajhZZ ms<sn| ixl,amh ksfhdackh lrhs'

ñ;%;ajh 1994 u,a" l=re,a,ka yd orejka ms<sìUq lrk fuu uqoaorfha moku jkafka tluq;= nj yd iu.shhs'

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ixialD;sh

iïm%odhsl Ôj.=Kh

mK .ekaùu

f;,ka.dkdys W;aij tys ckhdf.a ixialD;sl wkkH;djh fj; buy;a n,mEula isÿ lrhs joka | ,laIñ m%Nd,d

kj;u bka§h rdcHh jk wdkaød m%foaYfhys f;,ka.dkdj wdVHu;a yhsødndoa rdcHfha fldgilaj mej;s nj;a 1947 jk f;la ì%;dkH md,k ld,h ;=< ksidïjreka úiska md,kh l< nj;a fndfyda fokd fkdoks;s' fuu l,dmfha ckhd yg l,d" idys;Hh" ix.s;h" k¾;kh" ixialD;sh hk fCIa;%hkaf.a fjkia jQ ffY,Ska Wreu jk w;r pdß;% jdß;%" iïm%odhka yd iudc wdh;ko tjka jQ in|;djhlska hqla; fjhs' f;,ka.dkdfjys thgu iqúfYaIs jq W;aij mj;sk w;r tajd wfkl=;a W;aij fuka fkdj mqrdK l;kaor yd iïnkaO fkdfõ' W;aijY%Sfhka yd úN+;sfhka hqla;j iurk fuu W;aij n,dfmdfrd;a;=j" i;=g yd Ôú;h riú£u u;= lr olajhs'

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by< isg olaIsKdj¾;j( fndkd¨ fmryer¦ fnrlrejka yd k¾;k Ys,amSka fmruqfKa .uka lrñka¦ n;=lïu W;aijh ;=<È foj`. kla fia i,ld je÷ï msÿï lrk u,a ieliqu¦ fuodrï cgdrd¦ bkaÈhdkq ne;su;=kaf.a fojk úYd,;u yuqj

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixialD;sh by<( fnkd¨ iufha msiq n;a iys; l, /f.k hk ldka;dfjda my;( Ysj rd;%sh ieuÍu msKsi tvqmh,d fldaúf,a meje;afjk ;=ka Èk W;aijh

fuodrdï cgdrd( úYd,;u f.da;%sl yuqj bkaÈhfõ l=ïNfï,d W;aijhg fojk jk úYd,;u ne;su;a yuqj jk fuu f.da;%sl W;aijh fn,rjdß udifha Èk ;=kla mqrd ieuf¾' tu.ska iïuld yd ir,ïud kï jk ujla yd ÈhKshla widOdrK kS;shlg tfrysj n,fha isák md,lhka yd igka je§u iaurKh flf¾' fuu oaújd¾Isl W;aijh f;,ka.dkdys jrdx.,a Èia;%slalfha goajdis uKav,ays fuÈrdïys§ meje;afõ'

fndk¨( ia;=;sh mqo lsÍfï fudaiï W;aijh wdIo udifhaÈ ^cQ,s-wf.daia;=& ieufrk fndk¨" j¾Idm;kh yd wvq iajNdúl Wjÿre ;=<ska iuDoaêu;a Ndjh i|yd uydld,s foaúh fj; flfrk hd{djo Ndrydr Tmamqlr ia;=;sh mqo lsÍuo ieufrk W;aijhls' fuu udifha iEu bßodu ;u fyd|u we÷ñka ieriqKq ldka;dfjda" ueá myklska wdjrKh flreKq yd fldfydU fld<j,ska yev .ekajQ ms;a;, l, ;u ysi u; iunr lr.ksñka fmryerla h;s' fuu l, lsß yd iSks oud msi.;a n;aj,ska mqrjd we;s w;r th f;<s`.= NdIdfjka fndackï fyj;a wdydr hk f;areñka hqla;j fndkï f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' fuu fmryer bÈssßfhkau foj`.k m%Yxid lrñka .efhk .S; wkqj k¾;kfha fhfok k¾;k Ys,amSka yd fnrlrejka .uka .ks'

tvqmh,d cgdrd( Y=oaO jQ c, iakdkh fmnrjdß ui Ysj rd;%f s haÈ fuvla Èia;l s% l a fha tvqmhd,d fldaú, ;=< ;=ka Èk wd.ñl W;aijhla meje;afõ' uq¿ uy;a bkaÈhdj mqrdu isák

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n;=lïu W;aijfhaÈ y,aÈ yd l=ï l=ï yqjudre lr .ekSug /iajk ldka;dfjda

ne;su;=k"a úfYaIfhka l¾kdgl yd uydrdIagf % hka meñfKkakka" jkÿ¾.d foaúhg kuialdrh mqo lsÍu msKi s fldaú, ;=< frdo ne| .ks' f.daodjß kÈfha w;= .x.djla jk ukaðrdys ima; Èh /<s tlajk .x.dfjys fuu ne;su;=ka Y=oO a jq c, iakdkh fuodrï isÿ lrhs'

ia:rhkaj,ska w,xldr f,i ieriq fla;= wdldr f.dv,a,la uqÿkska ly j,ska ilik ,o fla;=jla ;nkq ,efí' ÿ¾.dIagó ÈkfhaÈ ^ÿiafiyard W;aijhg Èk follg fmr& j¾Kj;a fiao idßj,ska yd ñ, wêl cgd,d wdNrKj,ska ierfik ldka;dfjda kï f.da;s%l ;u wf;ys n;=lïu /f.k br W;aijh n;=lïu( mqIamhka yd c, nisk fõ,dfjka miq tla /iafj;s' bkaÈhdfõ ;gdl ieuÍu Tjqka n;=lïu jgd úYd, rjqula l=ïNfï,d ia;%S Wmydrfha W;aijh f,i iEÈ .S .hñka yd w;amqä .iñka ta W;aijhg ie,flk n;=lïu yeu jirlu jgd h;s' bkamiq fmryerla iEÈ c, muKla fojeks iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ w;r ÿ¾.d foayhla wi,g .uka lrk w;r jk úYd,;u kj rd;%s ld,fhaÈ Èk kjhla fuu n;=lïu c,fha md lr yßhs' wd.ñl yuqjhs mqrd ieuf¾' f;<s`.= NdIdfjka ldka;dfjda y,aÈ ^ly& yd l=ï l=ï n;=lïu hkafkys w¾:h jkafka o ^iudc$wd.ñl yuqj,È Ndú;d ud;D foj`.k Ôjkhg m;a ùuhs' jk r;= meye l=vq úfYaIhls& u,Sodo n;=lïu hkq foj`.kla f,ig je÷ï msÿï lrkq ^isks $yl=re yd msá fhdod fuu W;aijh i|ydu ,nk u,a ieris,a,ls' fuys§ iuflakaøsl u,a ilik ri leú,a,ls & yqjudre lr .ks;s'

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ixialD;sh

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irex.,a by< wyig

kef.k úg''''

ulr ixl%dka;s kï wiajkq fk,Sfï W;aijh bka§h ixialD;sfha Y=N ld,fha wdrïNh iksgqyka lrhs

bkaÈhdfõ W;aij ;=< we;af;a wd.ñl" iudc yd Ndjd;aul in|;djhka muKla fkdfõ' iEu jirlu ulr ixl%dka;s ÈkfhaÈ ^ckjdß 14 wdY%s; Èkl& meje;afjk irex.,a heùu fndfyda fi!LH ,dNhka f.k ths' fuu ÈkfhaÈ ysre W;a;rdhka fj; ^ysref.a W;=re ÈYdjg flfrk .uk ms<sìUq flfrk& we;=¿ fjk w;r th irex.,a hjk mqoa.,hkaf.a isrer u;g m;s;j YsYsrfhaÈ úh<S f.dia wdidokhg f.dÿre jQ YÍrj,g Tiqjla fia ls%hd flfrhs' mqoa.,fhl= ysre t<sfha irex.,a hjk úg YÍrh mdrcïnq, lsrK fj;g ksrdjrKh jk w;r tu.ska wdidokhla yd wmú;%;d bj;a lr ouhs' wd.ñl w¾:fhka .;a úg ul¾ ixl%dka;s bkaÈhdfõ ieufrkafka wiajkq fk,Sfï W;aijhla f,igh' fuu W;aijfha m%Odk uOHia:dkh jkafka .=crdg rdcHh jk w;r tys fuh W;a;rdhka f,i ieuf¾' .=crdg ixpdrl jHdmdrh úiska ful,È jd¾Islj cd;Hka;r irex.,a W;aijhla ixúOdkh lrkq ,nhs' thg f,dj oi foiska ckhd iyNd.s fj;s' fuu ld,fhaÈ kS, meyefhka nn,k wyia l=i oyia .Kka jQ j¾Kj;a yd úúO yev;, m%udK yd

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ixialD;sh

irex.,a .ek ±k .kak irex.,a idokqfha ieye,a¨ fld< yd WK ng fhdod .ksñks' r¿ wd,amhla ^ùÿre l=vq yd yd,a wdf,amh iys; úfYaI ñY%Khla& fhdoñka lmq kQ,a ^ukacd& Yla;su;a lsÍu;a isÿ flf¾' irex.,hl m%udKh w`.,a kjfha isg wä 3 la olajd mrdihl ;sfí' idudkH ñ,( re' 2 isg re' 50 olajd

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úúO meyefhka hq;a lmq kQ,a wf,úhg ;nd ;sìhÈ¦ kQ,a mdg .kajñka

fudai; a rhkaf.ka hq;a irex.,a ±lsh yelsh' W;a;rhdka ÈkfhaÈ W!kaÈhq ^t<j¿ j,ska rd;%f s haÈ gqll a d,a ^o,ajk ,o fmÜá yev iEoa m%KS; wdydrhla& cf,ì ^meks ri irex.,a& wyig hjkq ,nhs' fndfyda úg fïjd lEula& yd á,a ,vq ^;, j,ska iEÿ meKs tla kQ,l fm<g iú lr wyig uqod yßkq ri wdydrhla& iys; idïm%odhsl fNdack ,nk w;r th ukialdka; oiqkla ujdmdhs' ix.%yhla meje;afõ' úúO jQ bka§h irex.,a heùu ;u nj m%cdjka úiska ulr ixl%dka;sh fNda.hkag ys; iqj ie,iq ysre úúO jQ f,i iurkq ,efí' foúhkag flfrk m%Kduhla uydrdYag%fhaÈ irex.,a heùu irex.,a heùu f,ig ie,flk ksid wd.ñl wksjd¾hhla jk w;r á,a yd .=oa ;u njfNda. pdß;% w;ro b;d jeo.;a ^;, yd yl=re& yqjudre lr .ks' hkag ys;iqj ia:dkhla .ks' W;aijhlg ;ñ,akdvqfõÈ th fmdx.,a f,i ie,iq ysre i;shlg fmr wyuodndoays ieufrk w;r ck;dj meKs ri foúhkag úfYaI 24«7 mqrd meje;afjk n;a iu. th iurhs' mkacdnfhaÈ flfrk irex.,a fj<|fmd< wdrïN fõ' fuu W;aijhg f,dyaß hk m%Kduhla wrefKdaofha isg we¢ß jefgk kduh Ndú;d lrk w;r ckjdß f,ig ie,flk f;la ñksik q a irex.,a yd kQ,a 13 jk Èk ix.S;h" k¾;kh yd w;ska ordf.k ;u ksfjiaj, hd{djka iys;j ieuf¾' ksid wd.ñl jy, u;g kef.kq ±lsh yelsh' l¾KdglfhaÈ meKs ri pdß;% w;ro lhs fmda fp hk yçska lE .eiSu wdydr yd fldfydU fld< ñY% b;d jeo.;a zirex.,a .egqïZ w;rÈ b;d yl=re yqjudre lr .ks' ysudp,a ia:dkhla .ks iq,Nj wefia' flfkla fjk;a m%foaYa yd y¾hdkd ysÈ th ud>s flfkl=f.a irex.,hl kQ,la f,i;a ldYaó¾ ksïkfha th YsIq¾ lemSug iu;a jQ úg ch.%yKh ksfõokh Itkal%d;a f,i; ye¢kafõ' W;a;¾ m%foaYa yd lrñka tfia lE.ihs' ìyd¾ySÈ ck;dj fuh iurkafka yl=re yd fuu W;aijfhaÈ iSudj jkafka wyih' ;, j,ska iEÿ meKs ri wdydr yd ÅÉä ^n;a jhi" l=," m%cd fNaohla tys fkdue;æ yd mßmamq iys; wdydrhla& wdydr j,sks' fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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ixpdrh

Y=oaO jQ

;%sfldaKh

T§Ifha fjr< N+o¾Ykh fkdls,sáh iqkaorh' fuu w;sruKSh jQ fmfofiys mrisÿ kef.kysr rka ;%sfldaKh ilik jeo.;a wOHd;añl yd fM;sydisl k.r msysgd we; joka | l,Hdks m%Y¾

,sx.rdc fldaú," N=nfkaYaj¾

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hd hq;af;a ljodo@ Tlaf;dan¾ isg ud¾;=' fldakd¾la k¾;k W;aij ld,hg ixpdrh ie,iqï lrkak'

ñ,§ .; hq;=foa msma,s jev' ±juh leghï yd f.da;%sl iSkq f,day fuj,ï

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ixpdrh N+nfkaiaj¾ rdcHfha úYd,;u k.rh jk N=nfkaiaj¾ wjqreÿ 3"000l b;sydihla iys; wd¾Ól yd wd.ñl jYfhka jeo.;a k.rhls' fuu mqrd;k k.rh ixialD;sh yd l,dj ;=< .s,S mej;sho fuys we;s m%Odk;u ks¾udKh jkafka ó 55 la Wie;sj uq¿ N+ñhgu by<ska we;s 11 jk ishjig wh;a ,sx.rdc

fldaú,hs' T§I fldaú, .Dy ks¾udK Yss,amfha fyd|u WodyrKhka w;ßka tlls' .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh yodrk isiqka tys we;s ixlS¾K leghï j,ska uú;hg m;ajk w;r wOHd;añl;ajhg keUqre jQjka w¾O Ysj yd w¾O úYaj hhs ie,flk yßydrd ,sx.hg ;u kuialdrh mqo lsÍug fm< iEfohs'

w;s ruKSh jQ .f,ys fk¿E Who.sß yd Lkao.sß .,a.=yd

±k .ekqu hym;s kerôh hq;=u foa Lkavd.sß yd Who.sßys fM;sydisl ia:dk' fuu l÷ uú; lrjk iq¿ leghï flgq .,a .=yd i`.jdf.k isá' fuu .,a .=yd ls%'mQ'1 jk ishjfiaÈ ffck h;sjrhka úiska leghï lrk ,±hs úYajdi flf¾' yá.=ï*dys ukrï jQ leghï yd rks.=ï*dys

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fouy,a wdY%uho u. fkdyeßh hq;=h'

l< hq;= foa tlïrd ydÜ ixlS¾Kfhka mÜg Ñ;%" f,day jev" ß§ úis;=re nvq yd .,a leghïo mLd,d" m,dí" fÄfÉä" uq.d vd,s" w¨ mq,dfldaí Ndcd" >kagd" '''''''hkdÈ jQ m%KS; wdydro ñ,§ .kak'

fldakd¾la k¾;k W;aijfha miqìu jkafka iQ¾h fldaú,h

fldakd¾la fldaú,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" fkdls<sá fjr< yd wiu iujq ixialD;sl W;aijhla'' fldakd¾la kï mqrd;k k.rh keröug fya;= ´kE ;rïh' ta ish¿ úúO foa u.ska Tnj weo ne| ;nd .kq we;' fldakd¾la k¾;k Wf<, meje;afjk fmnrjdß ui§ Tn fuys meñKshfyd;a fï ;%s;ajhu tljr riú¢h yelsh' wdYap¾hu;a jQ ysre fldaú, 13 jk ishjfia bÈlr we;s w;r uqyqo woaorg ù isá'

fuu wk.sNjkSh ks¾udKh iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd kss¾udK Ys,amSka 1"200 lg jir 12 la .; úh' r:hl yevh .;a fuh iQ¾hd fyj;a ysre foúhka /f.k hk whqrla fmkajk w;r f,dj wd.ñl .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh ms<sn|j jk ukrï WodyrK w;=ßka tlls' mßirfha iqkaor;ajh ú£ug Tng l< hq;= jkaafka bkaÈhdfõ we;s fyd|u fjr< w;ßka tlla jk ruKSh pkaø%dnd.d fjrf<ys weú§u muKs'

±k .ekqu hym;s kerôh hq;=u foa iïNdjH yd ck kegqïj, tl;=jla jk Èk 10 la mqrd meje;afjk ixialD;suh úÑ;%;ajh fldakd¾la k¾;k W;aijh' ta fomi Tßhd wdydrmdk yd wrefudaiï nvq /.;a lvfmd,h' k¾;khka wdrïN flfrkafka iQ¾h

fldaú, miqìï fldgf.k ikaOHd ld,fhah'

l< hq;= foa fldakd¾la isg ls'ó'10 lg tmsáka nqÿrcdKka jykafia N+ñiam¾Y uqødfjka jev ys¢k" uE;lÈ leKSï lrK ,o l=reud fn!oaO N+ñh krUkak'

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ixpdrh

mQß mQßySos l< hq;= fyd|u foh jkafka fndfyda ixpdrlhka m%udKhla meñKsho ;ju;a fkdls,á s j mj;sk fid÷re fjr< ;Srfha w,i iqj q h ú£uhs' c.kakd;a fldaú, msyá s Y=oO a jQ k.rfha kejqï jd;h wdYajdi lrñka meyeÈ,s c,h u;ska ysre kef.k wdldrh krUkak' T§Yfha we;s Wiu fldaú, jk fuh 12 jk ish jfia bÈù we;s w;r fldaú,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h

i|yd fyd|u WodyrKh imhhs' iQ¾h fldaú, fj;ska 18 jk ishjfiaÈ f.fkk ,o me;s 16 la we;s tal ffY,uh ia:ïNh jk wreK ia:ïNh krUkak' wdydr 54 lska hq;= uydm%idohla c.kakd;a foú÷ka fjkqfjka iEu Èklu mqo fokq ,nhs' c.kakd;a foú÷kaf.a m%;u s dj fldaúf,ka msg;g /f.k tk cQks udifhaÈ mj;ajk zzlr;a; W;aijhZZ fyj;a r;a hd;%djg m%ios O a h'

±k .ekqu hym;s kerôh hq;=u foa c.kakd;a" nd,Nø yd iqNø foú÷kaf.a ms<su msg;g /f.k .=Kaäpd fldaú, fj; /f.k tk cQks ui meje;aafjk j¾Kj;a jd¾Isl r;a hd;%d fmryer' tajd tu fldaúf,a Èk kjhla mqrd ;ndf.k kej; m%Odk f,dal m%isoaO r;a hd;%d ld,fhaÈ c.kakd;a fldaúf,ys m%;suQ¾;shla

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fldaú, fj; f.k hkq ,nhs'

l< hq;=u foa fiao idß u; wdfhdackh lrkak - fndïldhs" mdidmd,s yd blÜ j¾. w;ßka f;dard .kak' tfia ke;fyd;a ;,am;a Ñ;%hla ksjig /f.k hkak'

wNskkaokh

fldals,dúhg

nqyquka ±laùu

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha m%ldYkhla jk bkaÈhdkq ldka;dj ^The Indian Woman&" bka§h .dhsld ,;d uxf.aIald¾ úiska wkq.%yYs,Sj ms<s.kq ,eìKs úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha m%ldYkhla jk bkaÈhdkq ldka;dj ^The Indian Woman& hkq bkaÈhdfõ ia;%S;ajfha Ôj .=Khg wdpdr lrk mqia:lhls' ;u ia;%SNdjh yd iudcuh w.;Ska fkdi,ld yer tla tla wxY j,ska by< ke.s ldka;djka 32la ms<sn|j fuu fmdf;ys m, fjhs' miqng fkdjk yd fkdief,k Ôj .=Kfhka hq;a fuu pß; w;ßka flfkls f,dj mqrd ms<s.ekSug ,lajQ bkaÈhdfõ ckdorhg m;a jQ .S; fldals,dúh jk ,;d uxf.aIald¾" È§ ^wlald& hk wdor kñka ye¢kafjk weh moau N+Ika yd moau úN+Ika hk iïudko we;=¿j fndfyda lS¾;su;a iïNdjkdjkag md;% jQjdh' cd;sfha by,u f.!rjh jk Ndr;a r;ako weh fj; msßkukq ,eîh' wjqreÿ 85la jk weh ;ju;a bka§h Ñ;%mg i|yd .S; .dhkd lrk w;r LM Music kï jQ wef.au ix.S; ikakduhla mj;ajdf.k hkakSh' úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha fÊHIaG ks,OdÍka ,;d uxf.aIald¾f.a uqïndhs ksjykg f.dia wehg nqyqukla f,i bka§h ldka;dj fmdf;a msgm;lao wef.a olaI;djh wNskkaokhg ,la l< ,smshlao wehg m%odkh lr isáfhah'

ksê fp!oaß ^bka§h úfoaY fiajdj& ,;d uxf.aIald¾ fj; fmd; ms<s.kajñka

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Pdhd rE

.Dy ks¾udK

yelshdfõ Wreuh

f,dal m%isoaO l=gqí ñyd¾ yg hdnoj msysgd we;s fuyafrda,s mqrdúoHd WoHdkhg msúi" jir 1000la mqrd wLKavj ckdjdij mej;s È,a,s k.rfha fldgialrefjl= jkak

f,dal Wreu N+ñhla jk l=gí q ñyd¾ yg udhsïj msyg s d we;s fuyafrda,s mqrdúoHd WoHdkh" wlalr 100 la muK yß; N+ñhla jid me;sfrhs' fuu m%foaYh mqrdu mQ¾j bia,dï hq.fha isg mYapd;a uQ.,a yd hg;a úð; hq.h olajd jq ish¨ hq.j,g wh;a kIag a djfYaIhka úisÍ mj;s' fgdud¾ rdÊmq;j a re È,a,f s ha m<uq n,fldgqj jk ,d,afld;a msyg s jQ w;r bkamiq meñKs fp!ydka md,lhka ,d,afld;a" lS,d rdhs msf;dard njg jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,È' 12 jk ish jfia w. Nd.fhaÈ È,a,s iq,; a dka rdcHfha wdrïNl l=Ünqo§a ka whsnla fuh n, flakøa h njg m;alrf.k fidfydka f.j,a yd uqi, a ï s m,a,s lSmhlau bÈ lf<ah' wkqiu a rK f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍfuys m%jK;djh miqld,Sk rcjrekaf.a md,k ld,hka mqrdu me;sr .sfhah' 16 jk ish jfia iq*s Ydka;j = r ujq,dkd cud,a" uhs uÊðâ" rdcka ls n´,s hkdÈkaf.a m,a,h s

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

yd fidfydka f.j,ao wland¾ wêrdchdf.a ms<±s .=ï fidhqrd jk l=,s Ldka f.a fidfydka f.ho bÈjqfha fuysh' l=,S Ldka fidfydka f.h f;dauia fuÜld*af.a ^ nyÿ¾ Idya i*d¾ wêrdchf.a rdc iNdfõ wjika ì%;dkH mqrjeishd& úfõld. drh f,ig jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd md,ï" úhka yd wuq;; a kaf.a ksjdihka boal s Í s u hkdÈ kùlrKhka isÿ jQfha hg;a úð; hq.fha§h' fuu WoHdkh wl%ñl YsLr nEjqï" ksïk" ;eks;,d yd c, jHqy hkdÈfhka ieÿï ,;ah' ñka iuyrla ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o tajdh' fuhg yjqi-a b-Iïis" rdcka ls nvd,s" .kaOla lS nd´,s" Êy¾kd yd fmr§ fmdl=Kla f,i ;snK q q l=,L s dka fidfydka f.hg my,ska we;s my;a ìu hkdÈh we;=,;ah' wo jk úg fuu WoHdkh k.rh ;=< yß;uh wjldYhla f,i fmkS isá'

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Pdhd rE

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

l=,S Ldkaf.a fidfydka f.h 17 jk ishjfia bÈflreKq l=,L S dkaf.a fidfydka f.h ,d,a fld;ays udhsfï msyg s d we;' l=,S Ldka hkq wland¾ uQ.,a wêrdchdf.a lsß ujf.a mq;h % dh' f;dauia fuÜld*a kï nydÿ¾ Id iyd¾ wêrdchdf.a rdciNdfõ wjidk ì%;dkH mqrjeishd úiska ukdj ilia lrk ,o WoHdk" u¿ yd wuq;; a kaf.a ksjdi iys;j fuu fidfydka f.h 1840 È i;s wka; úfõld.drhla njg m;a lrk ,È' th È,anI Q d ^yoj; mskjk& f,ig kï lrk ,È' m%Odk f.h fidfydka f.h uOH fldgf.k ie,iqï lrk ,o w;r kj Èh myrj,a yd ;j;a w;sf¾l bÈlsÍï u.ska N+ñh ilik ,È'

fuÜld*af.a f*d,s f.dvke.s,, a fuÜld*a úiska kshu bx.%i S s iïm%odh wkqj zf*d,sZ f,i ye¢kajk q q fuu f.dvke.s,, a IvY%dldr jk w;r lD;su f.dve,a,la u; bÈlr we;' fuys ia:ïNhka wg u.ska yskÿa .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a fha fldaú,a ie,iqu ksfhdackh lrk w;r wdrelalj = , yevh bx.Si % s .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h wkqj ieliS we;' fuu f.dvke.s,, a by<ska bia,dóh f.da,d¾Ohla bÈ lr we;'

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Pdhd rE

n,andkaf.a fidfydka f.h merKs È,a,s iq,; a dka rdcHfha zzjy,aZZ md,lhka w;ßka flfkl= jk n,andkaf.a 13 jk ish jig wh;a fidfydka f.h msyg s d we;af;a WoHdkfha ngysr foig jkakgh' fuh i;H wdrelal= yd f.da,d¾O fhdodf.k bkaÈhdfõ bÈflreKq m<uq m%Odk f.dvke.s,, a úh yelsh' fuhg msúiSug we;af;a l=¿Kq yd nd,al iys;j bosflreKq oajdr ud,lhla ;=<k s a jk w;r th nyq,j ±lsh yelafla mQ¾j-;=¾ls bka§h .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h ;=<hs' iuyr ia:dkh, l,dYa ^wd.ñl n÷ka& w,xldrKhka fhdodf.k we;'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

Pres s

Qila Lal Kot (in ruins)

in rob Au

Qutub Minar Complex

Metcalfe's Folly

Rajon ki Baoli and adjacent Mosque

Metcalfe's Bridge Entry

Qila Rai Pithora (in ruins)

oa d

Qila Rai Pithora Walls

on R

urg a li G Me hra u

Dadabari Jain Mandir

Hauz-eShamsi

Dhola Peer

Tomb and Wall Mosque

Mehrauli Archaeological Park

Jharna

Qutub Golf Course

Balban’s Tomb

Jamali Kamali’s Mosque and Tomb

Jahaz Mahal

arg

Azim Khan’s Tomb Anuvrat Marg

Ka l ka

Metcalfe's Boathouse

Gandhak ki Baoli

R oa d

Lado Sarai

Quli Khan’s Tomb

rg Ma d as

M do

Enc lave

Ladha Sarai

lh De

o etr iM

Qutub Minar

e Lin

is;h s ï h;=r nia kej;=u jeisl, s s fufg%d kej;=u —Ho Ho nia ud¾. ^È,a,f s ha Hop on Hop off ixpdrl nia fiajh&

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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Pdhd rE

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

cud,a lu,sf.a m,a,h s yd fidfydka f.h n,andkaf.a fidfydka f.hg ó'300 la ol=Kk s a msyg s d we;s fuu uQ.,a ixlS¾Kh bÈlrk ,oafoa 16 jk ishjfia lúfhl=" ixpdrlfhl= yd cud,s hk wdrEV kulska ,sùï lghq;= l< iq*s fIhsla *ian, q , a d úisk's Tyq uQ.,a ld,fha yd f,dê rdciNdfõ m%ios O a lúsfhla úh' 1528 § bÈlrk ,o fuu m,a,h s u; .s,j a ï q ia:dk myla iys; ngysr ì;a;h s la we;sj ;ks Wia f.da,d¾Ohla bÈlr we;' fuh r;= je,s .,a yd È,a,s ;srejdkd j,ska bÈlr we;s w;r iqÿ lsß. re~ u; ixlS¾K jQ leghï

iys; jeiaula ±lsh yel' m,a,h s g hdnoj 1529 È tkï Ydka;j = rhdf.a Ôú; ld,h ;=<È bÈ lrk ,o ujq,dkd cqud,sf.a fidfydkaf.h msyg s d we;' 1536 È Tyq ñh.sh miqj fuu fidfydka f.fhys N+ñodkh lrk ,È' fuu fidfydkaf.h ;=< Tyqf. u a meÈ fldgd we;s w;r fuys fidfydka folla ±lsh yelsh' tys uOHu fidfydk cud,sf.a nj;a wfkla fidfydk Tyqf.a i.hl= jQ tfy;a lsij s la i|yka fkdjk lud,s keue;af;l=f.a nj;a úYajdi flf¾' fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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Pdhd rE

rdcka lS ndT,s fuh ;Ügq ;=klska msyá s mäfm< iys; <s|la jk w;r f,daê hq.fhaÈ bÈlr we;' rdcka lS ndT,s kduh meñfKkafka th ndT,s ^mäfm< iys; <s|& f,i Ndú;d ùu;a rdÊjreka ^fïikajre& úiska l,la ;sif a ia Ndú;d l<d hhs ie,lsu;ah' ndT,s ;=< jk c,h mdkh yd bjqï msyï q i|yd fhdod .kakd ,È' ndT,s ys uy,a y;rla iys; iDcqfldaKdiqd% ldr c,dYhlaa jk w;r tys fldkl mäfm< o wfkla fldfkys jl%dldr <s|lao ±lsh yelsh' c,dYh fomi wdjrKh lrk ,o È.= nrd| we;' tajd w,xldrj bÈ lrk ,o wdrelal= iys;h'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

lajdcd fudfyduâf.a fidfydka fld; ndT,s yg hdnoj we;af;a fõÈldjla u; bÈlrk ,o m,a,h s la ys fidfydka f.hls' fidfydka f.h ;=< Ys,d ,smh s lg wkqj fuh 1506 islkao¾ f,daêf.a md,k ld,h ;=< ojq,;a Ldka úiska lajdcd fudfyduâf.a NIaudjfYaI u; bÈ lrk ,oaols' fuu fidfydka f.h Éyd;aß fyj;a ia:ïN iys; l=áhla wdldrfhka bÈlr we;' ndT,sho fuu f.dvke.s,s yd iu ld,fha§u 1506 § bÈlrk ,±hs ie,flk w;r m,a,f s ha hd{djkag fmr YÍrh msßisÿ lr .ekSug fuh Ndú;d lrkakg we;'

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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Pdhd rE

wdoï Ldkaf.a fidfydka f.h wdoï Ldka hkq wland¾ f.a yuqodfõ ckrd,ajrfhl= jk w;r uydï wka. df.a mq;h % dh' 1562 È Tyq ;j;a lsß ujla jk ðð wx.df.a ieñhd jk wg.dya Ldkaj wêrdchdf.a ksfhda. u; w.%d n,fldgqfõ jyf,ka my<g fy,d urd ±uqfõh' 1566 È wland¾ úiska fuu fidfydkaf.h bÈlr wdoï Ldka yd Tyqf.a uj fuys N+ñodkh lrk ,È' fuu uq,l a d,Sk uQ.,a ffY,sfha fidfydka f.h f.da,d¾Ohla iys; wIagdi%uh l=áhla jk w;r f,daê ffY,sfha m%fõYhka ;=kla iys; nrd|hka iEu w;lsku a ±lsh yelsh' fuu f.dvke.s,f a ,a ;ks úYd, f.da,d¾Ohla we;s w;r tys jy,fha r;= yd ks,a meye pl%h S l=vd is;j = ï ±lsh yelsh'

Sanjay Van

Idgah

Qutub Complex

Mehrauli Village

Mehrauli Archaeological Park Jain Mandir

Maqdum Shah Masjid

Chhatarpur

Andheria Mor

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

n Rao urgao li G

Kunj M arg

rau

Jahaz Mahal Hauz-e-Shamsi Ladha Sarai

Vasan t

a oM

ind

b uro

Anuvarat Marg

Arun a A sa f Ali M a

Qila Lal Kot

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

fkdje誰n他 - foie誰n他 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Pdhd rE cydia uy,a jkaokdlrejka i|yd firdhs ^kej;=ïfmd,la& f,i f,daê hq.fhaÈ bÈlrk ,o cydia uy,a úfkdaodiajdo lghq;= i|yd uOHia:dkhla f,io MQ,j a dka lS idhs¾ W;aijh meje;afjk ia:dkh njgo m;aj we;' th cyia uy,a f,i kïlr we;af;a tys ms<ì s Uqj c,h u; Èiajk úg kejla wdldrfhka mj;sk neúks' tys uOHfha iDcqfldaKdi%dldr f.ñÿ,la we;s w;r tla tla me;sj, f.da,d¾O iys; l=á ±lsh yelsh' tys jy, ia:ïN yhla" wgla yd 12 u.ska ord isák y;/ia Éy;%s yhlska w,xldr lr we;'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

Êyd¾kd cyia uy,a yd yjqi-a b-Iïis fj;ska ol=Kg jkakg msyg s d we;s Êy¾kdfõ w¾:h jkafka ZZÈh we,a,ZZ hs yjqi-a b-Iïis c,dYfha jeis ld,fhaÈ msgdr .,k c,h nEjqu Èf.a my<g .,d f.dia Èh we,a,la ks¾udKh fõ' my,g .,d yef,k fuu msgdr c,h i;=gq Whkl w;HjYH fldgila úh' cyia uy,aa fj;ska m%;ú s reoaOj msyg s d we;s ,ïndldr ùÈh Tiafia fyda WoHdkhg fl,sku a by,ska we;s i,m;, f.ñÿf,ka fuhg msúish yelsh' fuu c,fha nyÿ¾ Idya i*d¾ úiska bÈ lrk ,o uKavmhlao fõ'

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újrK

bkaÈhdkq ks¾NS; ùrjrhska

iaurKh lsÍu wjidk ia:ïNh( f,dj mqrd bkaÈhdkq hqo iaudrl kï úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh u.ska m%ldYs; msgq 230lska hq;a .%ka:h u.ska f,dj iqm%isoaO iaudrl ms<sn|j muKla fkdj m<uq iy fojk f,dal hqO ix.%duh ioyd bkaÈhdfõ odhl;ajho ms,sìUq lrhs

foaYh fjkqfjka ;u ðú; mqcd l< hqo fin¿kaa f.!rjhg yd ms<s.ekSug ,la lsÍu i|yd Y; j¾I .Kkdjla mqrdjg iaudrlhka bÈflfrk ,È' flfiajqj;a" fuu ia:ïN m%Odk jYfhka ks¾udKh lr we;af;a hqO msáfha§ ,nd .;a úch.%yKhka wkqiaurKh ioyd jk w;r Ôú; mqcd l< jQjka isysm;a lsÍu fojkqjg meñKs ldrKdjla úh' wkqiaurKh m%Odk jYfhka wjOdkhg ,la jkafka mYapd;a m<uq f,dal hqo iufha§ jk w;r hqo msáhg f.dia kej; fkdmeñKs whf.a kdu f,aLk ±lafjk iaudrlhka bÈflßKs' m%xY hqoaOhg f.dia tys§ >d;khg ,lajq fin¿ka iaurKh lsÍu i|yd yd

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

Tjqkaf.a i.hkag Tjqka fjkqfjka hd{d lsÍu i|yd 1438 j¾Ifha§ wdrïN lrk ,o Tlaia*¾âys wd;aóh Ydia;%d,h f,dj merKs;u hqo iaudrlh úh yelsh' tfiau bkaÈhdkq fid,aodÿjka úiska lrk ,o wm%udK lemlsÍï ioyd idOl f,dj mqrd iqidk N=ñ j,ska fidhd .; yel' fï ioyd jk fydou WodyrKh jkafka —kjÈ,a,s oajdrhhs˜' ta flfiajqj;a f,dj mqrd úoHdudk jk bkaÈhdkq hqo iaudrlhka ms,snoj wm oekqu iSñ;h' fuys§ ysgmq .=jka yuqod úYdrohl=" l;=jrfhl= yd hqo b;sydi{hl= jk rkd á' tia Ñkayd úiska f,dal hqoaO iuhkaf.a bkaÈhdkq ñksia Y%u odhl;ajh

by< jï fl<jfrys isg olaIsKdj¾;j( fmd;a ljrfhys¦ whs'mS'fla'ta*a'iaudrlh" fld<U" Y%S ,xldj¦ fhdfldyud hqo iqidk N+ñh" cmdkh¦ ui¾.=ia hqo iqidk N+ñh" m%xYh¦ 1944 ud¾;=" n¾udkq bÈß j<,af,a 5jk bkaÈhdkq yuqodxYfha fyajdhska¦ leisfkda iaudrlh b;d,sh

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újrK

by<ska( wu¾ cjdka Êhlfhda;s" bkaÈhdkq oajdrh wi<" kjÈ,a,s" bkaÈhdj' by< isg my<g ^jfï isg&( whs'ta't*a flakøsl .=jka n,we‚ hqo iaudrlh" w,yndoa¦ .=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkh wdoïmQ¾ jdhq Yla;s ia;d,a¦ .=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkh —ñÿKq lÿ<˜ iaudrlh¦ .=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkh yisurd hqo iaudrlh¦ .=jka yuqod uq,ia:dkh ìod¾ iaudrlh

ioyd jk idOlhla f,i wjidk ia:ïNh( f,dj mqrd bkaÈhdkq hqo iaudrl fj; wmj fhduq lrkq ,nhs' msgq 230lska hq;a .%ka:h úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha uyck rdfcHdamdh uQ,drïNh yd yuqod n,weKs ms<sn| fM;sydisl m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkh iy bka§h tli;a fiajd wdh;kfha m%ldYkhls' tys i|yka jk wdldrhg 1"400"000 lg wêl msßila fojk uyd f,dal hqoaOh ioyd odhl jQ fkdfnÿkq w;r 1939 j¾Ifha§ f,dal hqo wjidkfha§ bkaÈhdfõ Èúms¥ ukqqIH .egqï b;sydih ;=< ìysjq úYd,;u fid,aodÿjka iafõÉPd n,ldh njg m;afjñka bkaÈhdkq 1"60"000l f.a hqo yuqodj 1"95"000 isg ñ,shk 2'5 olajd isrere f,dj mqrd j¾Okh úh' fkdfnÿKq bkaÈhdfõ Èúmsÿ fid,aodÿjka 1"60"000l f.a isrere f,dj mqrd rgj,a 60lg rgj,a 60lg wêl ixLHdjla ñysoka lr wêl ixLHdjl we;s nj;a tys ioyka fõ' ñysoka lr we; .%ka:fha ioyka jk iaudrlhka m%Odk jYfhka fldgia 2lg fnod we;' tys m<uq ldKavfhys uq,slju ioyka jkqfha bkaÈhdj we;=,;aj I yd II uyd f,dal hqo iuhkaysÈ Èú ms¥ bka§h hqo fin¨‍kaf.a iaudrlhka jk w;r tys fojk ldKavfha§ ksoyi Èkd.ekSfï isg fï olajd hqoaO j,È Èú ms¥ hqo úrejka ms,snoj olajd we;' tfukau f,dal hqoaOhka fofla§u Èúmsÿjka fjkqfjka bÈjq m%dfoaYSh yd frðfïka;= iaudrlo" 1947ka miq foaYh fjkqfjka Èúmsÿjka fjkqfjka bÈjQ iaudrlo fuys i|yka fjhs'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

újrK

k¾;kfha

oDYH ldjHh

bka§h iïNdjH k¾;k ffY,Ska ;srh u; iÔù lrkakls kdgHdkqNdj' fuu ñks;a;= 52la È.= jd¾;duh kdglh Ydro rdukdokaf.a ks¾udKhla jk w;r úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha uyck rdfcHdamdh uQ,drïNfha jHdhduhls iq<f.a irk joka Tyqf.a ffY,shhs" wurKsh Yíoh Tyqf.a l:khhs" i÷ yd ;re Tyqf.a wnrKhs' tu hym;a nfõ m%;u s ¾ Q ;shg uu wdpdr lrñ'ZZ m%n, lgy`vlska hq;a l:lhd iu." k¾;kh mQckSh yd ÈjHuh jQ;a foúhka yd tald;añl jQ;a wvúhlg Tnj le|jdf.k hdug kdgHdkqNdj iu;a fjhs' Ydro rdukdoka wOHlaIKh l< yd rdcH fiajd úldYk Ndrh ^PSBT& u.ska ksIm a dokh l< fuu jd¾;d kdgHh" bka§h k¾;k ffY,Ska yd ne÷kq iïNdjH o¾Ykhka" mqrdjD;a;uh udkhka yd wmuK jQ iïm%odhka wdjrKh flfrk id¾:l m%h;akls' mdhdo mdhs ófoa fÊÍ miqìñka jdokh flfrk úg Nr; kdgHhï k¾;k Ys,m a k s S msh % o¾YkS f.daúkaoa kgrdc uqødj iys;j fmkS isák fuu jd¾;d kdgHfha wdrïNh b;d iqkoa rh' th mokï jkafka k¾;kh hkq o¾Yka ^fmfkk yd fkdfmfkk& yd hd;%d ^.uk&h hk ixl,am u;hs' kgrdc uqødfõ ÿIalr nj i|yka lrk idhs ikaf;daIa rdOl%I s K a ka m%ikak nfõ" mqreIuh

§ma;f s ha yd ÈjHuh iqfndaO;ajfha m%;u s ¾ Q ;shhs' Ñ;%d úiafõiarka k¾;k Ys,m a k s h s f.a iqkoa r jQ kegqu w¾OkdÍIajr ^w¾: mqreI w¾O ldka;d& fyj;a Ysjd iy Yla;"s mqreI yd ldka;d Yla;f s hys iqixfhda.h ms<n s | ixl,amh fm%Ca Ilhdg y÷kajd fohs' ''' l;la Ys,m a S mKaä;a ì¾cq uyrdcd" l;la iajr .dhkd lrñka úYajh ;=, id¾j;%l s j mj;sk k¾;kh ms<n s |j úia;r lr fohs' fuhg is;a .kakd iq¿ njla tla lrk b;d,sfha Wm; ,enQ Täis k¾;k Ys,m a k s S bf,akd isgdßiaàka wef.a .=rejrhd jQ .=re fl¨pdrka fudaydm;%f.a Woõ we;sj ;u wdOHd;añl;ajh wjos lr .;a whqre fufkys lrhs' fuu jd¾;d jevigyk ldjHuh .=Kh" oDYH ldjH yd .=re YsIH mrïmrd ^.=rejrYsIH iïm%odh& hkd§ k¾;kfha úúO ixprlhka .fõIKh flfrhs' ,d.a¨§ l%I s K a kaf.a ix.S;h yd fndïfí chY%S rdïkd;a yd wNsfIala r>qrdïf.a ks¾udKhka ;=<k s a .S;h yd ix.S;fha mßmQ¾K idu.%h s la f.k ths'

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m%.;sh

ueofmrÈ.

n,.ekaùu

ueo fmrÈ. n,Yla;s fj<|fmd, bkaÈhdj úiska f.khkq ,nk w;r Ndr;a fyú bf,laá%l,aia ,sñgâ ys (BHEL) ´udk jHdmD;sh tys wkd.; ie,iqu Èh;a lrñka isá

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

fu'fjd' 126 l .Eia g¾nhsk fckf¾grh údk LKsc f;,a ixj¾Okfha ldka w,dï -3 n,d.dr jHdmD;sh ;=< msysgjkq ,eîh' 2012 § fu'fjd' 2 «126la jQ wu,a .Eia g¾nhsk fckf¾grh údk LKsc f;,a ixj¾Okh ;=< l%shd;aul lsÍfuka miq isÿ lrkq ,enq fojk jHdmD;sh fuhhs' fuu jHdmD;sh u.ska rgj,a .Kkdjl Odß;d j¾Okh i|yd bkaÈhdj i;= yelshdj biau;= lr olajhs' .Eia g¾nhsk jHdmD;s îr," ixhqla; pl% yd iuckk t,jqï fhojqu& ksIamdokhla f,i úlsKSfï jHdmD;s mokñka (turenkey basis) ,nd §ug BHEL iu;a jk w;r tys kj;u udÈ,sh wvx.= fjhs uef,aishdfõ yd (Frame 9 FA¬ f;la GE yd V94.3A ijqÈ wrdìfha f;la Siemens) BHEL ksIamdokhka yd .Eia g¾nhsk moaO;shka ish,a,u n,d.dr ^;dm" u; mokï jQ .Eia yd c,& g¾nhsk" fckf¾gr" n,d.dr i|yd Wmfmd<" g%dkaiaf*daur" fudagr" fldka;%d;=o f;,a fCIa;% yd m%jdyk WmlrK BHEL fj; hkdÈfhka iukaú;h' ,eî we; BHEL yg uef,aishdj" ijqos wrdìh" yd údka ;=< ksIamdokhka f,i úlsKSfï mokñka .Eia g¾nhsk u; mokï jQ n,d.dr iemhSu" bÈlsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd lS¾;su;a jQ fldka;%d;a Èkd .ekSug yels jQfhah' kuq;a iud.ug úYd,;u fm<Uùï ,enqfka údka iq,a;dka rdcHfhks' miq.sh oYl fol ;=<È tys .Eia g¾nhsk lÜg, 16 la iemhSuo we;=¿j m%Odk fldka;%d;a 14 la l%shd;aul lsÍug iud.u iu;a úh' fï jk úg rgj,a 20 l muK fu' fjd' 7"000 n,d.dr jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï;a kshe,s isá' fuu jHdmD;sj, jHdmdr Yla;su;a wd¾Ól mokula f.dvke.Su msKsi jákdlu we'fvd' ì,shk 3 la muK ùu b;d ld¾ñl yd .Dyia: mßfNdackh i|yd wjYH úfYaI ldrKdjls' n,Yla;s ckkh lsÍu w;ska iajhxfmdaIKh b;d by< .=Kd;aul ;;ajfhka hq;= fiajdjla ùu b;d jeo.;ah' tu ksid j¾;udkfhaÈ imhñka cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=< ;u yelshdj n,Yla;s iud.ï n,Yla;s ksIamdokh yd W;afY%AKs.; lsÍu i|yd bka§h PSE fhdojk iïnkaO cd;Hka;r fõÈldj u; ke.S taug wdfhdackh b;d ;SrKd;aulh' l%shd;aul tlsfkld yd ;r. jÈ;s' flfrk jHdmD;sj,g wod,j BHEL uydoaùm bkaÈhdfõ uydr;ak rdcH wxY jHdmdrhkays yhl rgj,a 76 la mqrd me;sfrñka f.da,Sh ^PSE& tlla jk Ndr;a fyú bf,laá%l,aia meje;aula ;yjqre lr .ksñka isá' ,sñgâ iud.u (BHEL)" cd;Hka;r ;,fha ta wkqj bkaÈhdj bÈßhgu .uka lrñka isá' n,Yla;s" iïfm%aIK" l¾udka;" m%jdyk" úfYaIfhkau ueo fmrÈ. ;=< bÈßhg hñka mqk¾ckk n,Yla;s" f;,a yd .Eia iy isá' l,dmfha úúO jQ wxY j, fldka;%d;a BHEL wdrlaIl hk wxY ;=< .sKsh fkdyels ;rï fj; ,eî we;s w;r th bka§h mrdl%ufha ms<s. wjia:d Wodlrñka yd f;audjka imhñka ekSu ms<sn| uyd idlaIshls' údkh" brdlh yd bÈßfhka isá' 2014 uehs udifhaÈ údkh t'w't' rdcHh ;SrKd;aul fmdaIl l,dmhla jk ;=< .Eia g¾nhsk u; mokï jq n,d.drhla w;r údkh bka§h ksmqK;ajh wdhd; lsÍfï,d wdrïN lrñka BHEL ueo fmrÈ. fj<|fmd, bÈßfhkau isá' ;=< ;j;a mshjrla bÈssßhg ;enQ nj jd¾;d úh' fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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m%.;sh

Srinagar

BARAMULLA

Anantnag

Qazigund Banihal

CHENAB BRIDGE Katra

Udhampur JAMMU

wkNsNjkSh yß;

l÷ ;rKh lsÍu

f,dj Wiu ÿïßh ux md,u ldYaór ksïkfha fpkdí .`. u;ska fõ.fhka bÈfjoaÈ kj b;sydihla ks¾udKh flfrñka we; joka | fudays;a lkaOdß

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

bkaÈhdfjs yd úfoaYhkays WofHda.su;a jeo.;ajk ysud,hka rdcHhg we;s ixpdrl bxðfkarejkaf.a kdhl;ajfhka fjfyik .ukd.ukh j¾Okh jkq we;' zzwyia mqyqKq Y%ñlhka kQ;k bkaÈhdfõ bxðfkare md,uZZ f,i y÷kajk fuh bÈflfrkafka úYauhkaf.a b;sydifha kj nlal,a yd fl!ß .ïudk fol msgqjla fmr,oaÈ ldYaórfha w;r fpkdí .f`.a i,d,a fõ,a, ls'ó' 1'315 la fridhs Èia;%slalfha fl!ß wdY%s;jh' ls'ó' 1'315 la È.e;s kï .%dufha fpkdí bjqr ÿïßh ux md,u .x.d m;af,a È.e;s md,u u;ska fidndoï ud;djf.a isg ó 359 la by<g tifjk i|yd jdfka W;a;+x. jQ mjqre flfuka ì| w;r th whs*,a l=¿K fuka 35 fgdka ñ,shk jefgñka ;sfí' .=Khla Wie;sh' fï jk úg 25"000 la f,dj Wiu ÿïßh ux md,u f,dj Wiu ÿïßh md,u we;af;a Ndú;d flfrkq bÈlsÍfï isyskh ienE jkafka m%xYfha gdka .`. u;af;a jk we;s w;r th fuysh' WoïmQ¾ - Y%S k.¾ w;r tys Wiu l=¿K ó' 340 bxðfkareuh nruq,a,d ÿïßh ine¢ ud¾. l wilska hqla;h' md,u i|yd úYauhla jHdmD;sfha ls'ó'73 la È.ska jdfka fgdka ñ,shk 25"000 la jkq we; hq;a l;%d Orï fldgfia Wie;s Ndú;d lrkq we;' zzfï jk úg bÈlsÍï lghq;= isÿfjñka mj;s' iuia; jev fldgiska ishhg 22 fuu ud¾.h bÈlsÍu iïmQ¾K la wm iïmQ¾K lr ;sfnkjd'ZZ jQ úg ine¢ ud¾.h ;=<ska ldYaór ksïkhg jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï wdh;kh jk iïnkaO;djh ilik w;r Wml%ñlj fldkalka ÿïßh ixia:dfjys fcHIaG

fpkdí .f`.ys md,ï jev ìu

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m%.;sh

wëlaIK bxðfkarejrhl= wm yd mejiSh' msúiqï ;Ügqjla hkdÈ jYfhks' fomiskau zzwdrelal= yevfha md,ug wjYH ;ks Odjk ;Sre Wux iys;j jdfka wdOdrl ksmoùu i|yd bÈjQj;a Odjk ;Sre folla wm ;j;a jevfmd<la wdrïN bÈlsÍug wjYH bv myiqlï md,u lekSu lr ;sfnkjd'ZZ i,id we;' ó' 130 la È. ó 100 i|yd jdfka md,fï nlal,a ÈYdfõ ìï la Wie;s wÜgd, follska flan,a fhdo.kq wdY%s; jev ^YsLr lemSu& j,ska yryd jHqyhg wdOdr iemfhhs' ,nkafka th ishhg 70 la muK iïmQ¾K md,u bÈlsÍu i|yd wd¾Óluh lr we;s nj;a fl!ß ÈYdfjkao jdfka f;dard .kq ,enqfõ th tfiau m%udKhla ksulr we;s wd¾Óluh jYfhka ,dNodhs f,i jdisodhl nj;a Tyq mejiSh' óg wu;rj ùu;a WIaK;ajh -20 0 c yd ùu;a oeä §¾> md,ï (viaduct) bÈlsÍuo me'ls'ó' 200 l iq<x fõ.hg WIaK;ajhkag blauKska isÿjkq we;' md,fï Tfrd;a;= Èh yels ksidfjks' Tfrd;a;= §ug ie,eiau fldgia ;=klg fjka wdrlaIdj jeä lsÍu i|yd ñ'ó'63 yels ùu;a ksidh lr we; - uOHfhys msysá ó' 467 la >klue;s úfYaI msmqreï la È. jdfka wdrelal=jla" nlal,a frdaOl jdfka fhdod .kq ,efí' wka;fhka meñfKk ó'185 l msúiqï ;Ügqjla md,fï fldkal%SÜ ia:ïN msmqreï ord isáh yd fl!ß wka;fhka meñfKk ó' 650 l yels f,ig ks¾udKh lr we;'

wyia md,u f.dvkef.ñka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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kj ÿïßh ine¢fha ud¾. is;shu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

cïuq ^cïuq ;ú& n,acdgd ix.d¾ ukajd,a ;dú md,u rdï k.¾ WOïmQ¾ pl¾jdya l;%d Íis wkað Ldâ md,u i,d,a fpkdí md,u nlal,a iqrefld;a nr,a,d ika.,aodya ika.,aodya Wu. ^ls'ó'7& fldya,s ,´,a frfmdard pß,a nksyd,a mS¾ mkacd,a ÿïßh Wu. ^ls'ó'11& lajdis.=kaoa nruq,a,d

ls’ó’ 11 la È. mS¾ mkacd,a Wu.

md,u wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd .=jka wdrlaIdj w;r jk noaO jHdhduhls' fuu.ska ks¾udK ,nd fokq we;' ÿïßh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd WmfoaYlhska fofokl= m;alr we;s w;r ud¾..; wëlaIK yd wk;=re *sk, a ka;fha WSP lkai,aáka.a we`.ùï moaO;shla ia:dmkh flda¾Üia u.ska §¾> md,ï (viaducts) flfrkq we;' .uka l< yels yd mokuo c¾uksfha ,shkayd¾ÉÜ yÈis wk;=re ud¾. yd nhsisl,a Odjkh l< wekavd% wekaâ md¾Ük¾ iud.u wjia:djl u.Ska yels ud¾.o iemfhkq we;' m%Odk jdfka wdrelalj = o ks¾udKh wdrlaId lsÍu zzRDSO u.ska wkqu; lrk lrkq we;' i|yd ud¾..; ,o ;Ska; j¾.h cmdkfhka IITs: úoHdj ms<sn| bka§h wëlaIK yd m%iïmdokh l< w;r thg wdh;kh (IISC) ; m¾fhaIK wk;=re we`. jir 35 l ld,hl ±ä ld,.=K ks¾udK yd m%ñ; ixúOdkh ;;ajhka ord isáh yel' (RDSO) ; wdrlaIl m¾fhaIK ùï moaO;sfha l%h s d;aul lsÍfï wdh;kh yd ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh (DRDO) ia:dmkh KRCL jk w;r md,u ks¾udKh jeks m%Odk bka§h wdh;k flfrkq we; lrkafka yd bÈlrkq ,nkafka 15 lao iudk ixLHdjl úfoaY fpkdí md,ï jHdmD;s mejreu fldka;%d;alrejkao fuu uyd u.sk's -th AFCONS ol=Kq fldßhdfõ w,agd% md,u bÈlsÍfï wNsfhda.h bÈßfha Wfrkqr bÈlsÍï yd bxðfkare iud.u yd bkaÈhdfõ VSL .eà fiajh imhkq ,nhs'

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Wreuh

rdIag%m;s Njkays

jxY l;dj

rfÜ by<u ld¾hd,h i;=j we;af;a is;a n¢kd iq¿ b;sydihls' fï jk úg fuu úisr mj;sk ckdêm;s ksjdih keröug ;j;a fya;=jla ;sfí' fndfyda l;djkaa f.kyer mdk fl!;=ld.drhhs ta joka | iqm%shd w.%jd,a

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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jika; ld,fhaÈ iqkaor;ajfhka yevjqKq uQ.,a WoHdkh

1911 È fld,algdfõ ^tjlg l,algd& ;snqKq w. wêl ixLHdjla we;s w;r th ks, ksjdih" k.rh È,a,sh fj; f.k tAug ì%;dkHhka úiska wd.ka;=l ldur" W;aij Yd,d yd uQ.,a WoHdk ;SrKh l< úg m%;srdchdf.a ksji f,i Ndú;d f,i y÷kk m%Odk WoHdk j,skao iukaú;h' lsÍug iqÿiq ukaÈrhla Y%S úN+;sfhka rdIag%m;s Njkays msgqmig jkakg ;ekSug Y%Su;a tâúka ¨Ühkaia yg msysgd we;s uQ.,a WoHdk ;=< uQ.,a rdIag%m;s Njkays ndrfok ,È' ¨Ühkaia mjid we;s yd bx.%Sis N+ ie,eiaula we;s w;r msgqmig jkakg mßÈ kj ud,s.dfõ f.da,d¾Ohg úúOdldr jQ u,a j¾.o ±lsh yelsh' we;s uQ.,a wdNdih ,enqfka frdaufha meka;shka uE;lÈ ckdêsm;s ksjdi mßY%hg fj;ska yd hqfrdamSh hg;a úð; yd ;j;a tla lsÍula isÿ lrk ,È' WoHdk ksuù uQ.,a .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh fj;sks' -tkï rdIagm % ;s Njka fl!;=ld. we;af;a uQ.,a yd bkaÈhdfõ m<uq wdKavqldrhd f,i drhhs' bka§h ckdêm;s m%;dí uqL¾ð bx.%Sis ieliqï fuu f.dvke.s,af,a ksjeishd njg úiska wdrïN lrk ,o fuys" ì%;dkH wkqjh m;ajQ m<uq bkaÈh mqoa.,hd jQfha w.k.rh f,i È,a,f s ha Wmf;a isg iS rdcf.damd,pdßh' 1950 ckjdß uE; ld,h olajd isÿjQ isoê a ms<n s | 26 jk Èk bkaÈhdfõ m<uq ckdêm;sjrhd l;dkaor yd Y%jH oDYH jD;a;dka;hka wka;¾.;j njg m;ajq wdpd¾h rdfÊkaÿ m%idoa fuu ;sfí' fl!;=ld.drhg meñfKk wuq;; a kag f.dvke.s,a,g meñKs Èk th rdIag%m;s Njka rdIagm % ;s Njkays l,d yd .Dy ks¾udK Ys,m a h f,i kï lrk ,È' wlalr 320 la mqrd me;sr ms<n s |j fukau miq.h s bka§h ckdêm;sjrekaf.a mj;sk j;=hdhl msysá fuys ldur 320 lg Ôú; ms<n s |jo ±kqula ,nd fohs' fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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Wreuh

rdIag%m;sNjka fl!;=ld.drh

uqqrNghka udre ùu rdIag%m;s Njkays jeo.;au iïm%odhla jkafka uqrNghka udre ùuhs' fuu pdß;%uh W;aijfhaÈ rdIag%m;s Njkays ia:dk.; lr we;s uqr Nghka jßka jr udrefldg kj uqr Nghka lKavdhula rdcldß Ndr.kq ,nhs' fuu W;aijh m<uqjrg uyckhdg újD; lrkq ,enqfha 2007 §h' úkdä 30 la mqrd Èfjk fuu W;aijh werfUkafka ckdêm;sf.a mqoa.,sl wdrlaIlhka (PBG) fyd¢ka ieriq ;u wYajhka msg ke.S cdhsmQ¾ geU foiska yuqod ix.S; lKavdhu úiska jdokh lrkq ,nk ud ;+fya i,dï .S kdohg wkqj bÈßhg meñKSu;a iu.hs' hqo wdrlaIl negE,shkh (AGB) bkamiq fmr isá uqr Nghka wi,g wdpdr fm<md,shlska meñfKhs' W;aijh wjika jkafka PBG u.ska mj;ajk wYajdfrdaayl ixo¾Ykh yd cd;sl .Sfhks'

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wdpd¾h rdfÊkaø m%idoa f.a rEmh flgq lemQ ks,a meye ùÿrefjka ksujk ,o w,xldr n÷kla" tâúka ¨Ühkaia úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o .Dy NdKav" weka.af,da - isla yd weka.af,da - we*a.ka hqoaO ksrEmKh lrk wkqldrlhka'''' jeks NdKav fndfyduhla fl!;=ld.drfha we;s w;r fuh bÈlr we;af;a fmr mej;s wYaj ia:d,h ;=<hs' ì%;dkH m%;srdchdf.a ufyaYdLH jQ ksjyk flfia úh hq;=±hs fmkakqï lrñka ¨Ühkaia kï .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amshd w¢k ,o is;=jïo tys m%o¾Ykhg ;nd ;sfí' ¨Ühkaia ;u Wmeia hqjf,a pl%dldr yevhg ,eÈjQ w;r rdIag%m;s Njkays .Dy NdKav ks¾udKfhaÈ th fnfyúka Ndú;d lf<ah' tla tla l=áh u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka miq.sh ckdêm;sjrekag ,enqKq ñ, l< fkdyels fl!;=l NdKavhs' .%Sl w.ue;s fldiagdia lruka,sia úiska m%;sNd má,a yg ;Hd. l< rka whsú fld, iys; m;% j<,a," tla mfil l%sIaKd foú÷kaf.a l;djo wfkla miska rdud foú÷kaf.a l;djo leghï lrk ,o we;a o<" 1978 § i¾od¾ m%ldYa isx no,a úiska wdpd¾h kS,ï ikaÔj frâä yg msßkeuq rka fofjdf,a wdlD;sh hkdÈh fuhg wh;ah' wdpd¾h ifrdaÊ f>daIa Ndrlre f,i lghq;= lrk fuu fl!;=ld.drh ;=< 1911 È,a,s ÿ¾nd¾" 1931 .dkaê - w¾úka .súiqu " bkaÈhdfõ m<uq w.ue;s f,i cjy¾,d,a fkaare Èjqreï §u yd wdpd¾h rdfÊkaø m%idoaf.a Èjqreï §u hkdÈfhys ksrEmKhka olakg ,efí.

by< jï fl<jr isg olaIsKdj¾;j( rkska iEÿ ;%sudk yia;shd¦ Éyd;%m;s Isjdðf.a rEmh¦ bá yd *hsn¾j,ska iEÿ bka§h ckdêm;sjrekaf.a ms<srE iy iqúfYaIs f,i ks¾ñ; pl%dldr n÷k

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Wreuh

by< isg olaIsKdj¾;j: wïß;aidßfha rka fofjdf,a wdlD;shla" wdkaød m%foaYa ys ;sreu, fjkalfáiajr fldaú,¦ ì%;dkH hq.fhaÈ Ndú;d l< lr;a;hla

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by< isg olaIsKdj¾;j ( tla mfil rdud foú÷kaf.a Ôú;ho wfkla miska ls%IaKd foú÷kaf.a Ôú; l;djo f.k yer mdk we;a o<¦ yhsøndofha pd¾ñkd¾ys wdlD;shla yd .%Sl uQ¾;s

krUkakkag bka§h b;sydih ms<sn|j jvd jeä oekqula ,nd .ekSu myiq lsÍu i|yd äðg,a mDIaghka yd wka;¾ l%shdldß udOH hkdÈ kùk ;dlaIK fuj,ï fuu fl!;=ld. drh ;=< fhdodf.k we;' wp,dNsk wxYh ;=< jk ish¿u l=áj, mß.Kl.; äðg,a ixfõol we;s w;r m%o¾Ykhg ;nd we;s NdKav msámi we;s l:dj tla iam¾Ylhla u.ska újD; flfrk úia;r ;srhla u.ska ±l .ekSug yelsh' tys tla l=áhl cjy¾,d,a fkare" fudfyduâ w,s ðkakd" i¾od¾ mfg,a hkdÈka

1947 cQks 02 jk Èk fïihla jgd jdäù bkaÈhdj fnod fjka lsÍug .;a ;SrKh iu. Wm uydoaùmfha brKu kshu l< whqre ±lafjk *hsn¾ ms<srE iukaú;h' fuys we;af;a tu fM;sydisl fudfydf;aÈ Tjqka jdäù isà fïihuh' fl!;=ld.drfha fojk wÈhr 2015 w.È újD; lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lrñka mj;s' túg th Yío yd wdf,dal ùäfhda" f,ai¾ yd fydaf,da.%e*sl ks¾udK m%lafIamKhla iys; jvd úYd, fl!;=ld.drhla jkq we;s w;r b;sydih iÔú njg m;afjkq we;'

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Wreuh

uksmqß fmdaf,da(

;j;a Yla;su;a fjñka

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fï jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ ui meje;aùug kshñ; 8 jk uksmqß fmdaf,da cd;Hka;rh fjkqfjk"a fuu l%Svdfõ miqìï l;kaorh" tys iïNjh yd th f,dal l%svdjla njg m;ajq whqre ms<sn|j wms Tng f.k tuq joka | fkydßld ud;=¾ isxyd

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Wreuh

uksmqß fmdaf,da i|yd úfYaI fmdakshka Ndú;d flf¾

ue,Ü fyj;a wä 4'5 la È. ±juh ysila we;s lrk rgj,a kQ;k fmdaf,da l%Svdfõ wdrïNh fõje,a hIaáh fnda,hg myr fokafka ;Kfld< uksmqßj,ska mejf;kafkah hkak lsisÿ iaj,amhlao wjg úiqrejñks' fmdaf,da l%Svdj b;d újdohlska f;drj ms,s.kS' fuu lreK ta ;shqKqj meje;afõ' wêfõ.fhka ms<sn|j ,shù we;s fmd;a .Kkdjl hq;=j msïfï ÿjk wYajhka yd Wka u;=lr we;s w;r fcda¾Ê fcdaka Wkkaÿ lrjk iajdñhka isákafka hx.ayiankaâ ^1890& úiska ,shk if.d,a lka. tla wruqKlh" msáh fl<jrg ,o bkaÈhdfõ fmdaf,da" fÊ' fudf¾ afchs l%SvdfõÈ fnda,h f.k f.dia f.da,hla /ia n%jqka ^1891& úiska ,shk ,o fmdaf,da f.da, Ndú;d lsÍughs' idf.d,a lkafchs fyj;aa yd fydf¾ia ta ,*dfha úiska ,shk fkdjqKq w;r wYajhd u;=msg fydls l%Svdj i|yd ,o fmdaf,da l%Svdfõ úldYkh hk fnda,h msáfha tla lKavdhul idudðlhska y;a fmd;a bka m%OdkhZZ hkqfjka uksmqß tla fldkl fofkla we;s w;r tu i;afokd wYajhka msg hEfï yd fmdaf,da jÈk úgu ksfhdackh lrkafka uksmqßfha l%Svd ixúOdkfha (MHRPA) iNdm;s f.da,hla jd¾;d mdrïmßl jxY y;hs' fuh l¾k,a rxð;a isx mjik w;r tu flfrk nj foúhkaf.a l%svdjla f,i i,lk ixúOdkfha wruqK jkafka f.da,shj ie,lsK w;r iEu l%Svlfhlau wdrlaId ùu" fuu l%Svdj bÈßhg f.k hduhs' /lSuu yd wìNjkh lsÍu hk ;u l;kaorh fufiaah( lpd¾ j.lSu bgq lsÍug ne£ isáhs' ^weiEufha mßmd,k Èia;%slalhls& kQ;k fmdaf,da l%Svdfõ mqfrda.dñhd jkqfha j,g msgqjy,a lrk ,o uksmqßjrekaf.ka 1850 fuu Wreu l%Svdjhs' zzfmdaf,da l%Svdj l%Svd .Kkaj,È ì%;dkH f;a j.dlrejka yd ks,Odßka

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fuu l%Svdj W.kakd ,È' Tjqka idf.d,a lka. w;r jd¾Isl fmdaf,da yd wYajdfrdayl ;r.dj,s afchs l%Svd lrkq ÿgq ì%;dkHhska bka jYSlD; úh' ixúOdkh lrkq ,efí' zzuksmq¾ rdcHh u.ska fmdf,da l%Svdfõ mshd f,i ie,flk ¨;skka uksmqß fmdaks wNhN+ñhla wdrïN lr we;s fIr¾ 1859 È is,apd¾ lka.afchs iudch msysg w;r Tjqkaf.a .ykh jeäfj;ehs wms wfmalaId jQfhah' Tyq 1864 ud¾;=fõÈ ì%;dkH lrkjd'ZZ l¾k,a isx.a mjihs' 8 jk lKavdhu iu. m%o¾Yk ;r.hl uksmqß fmdaf,da cd;Hka;rh 2014 wo jk úg fh§u msKsi ;u uksmqß idf.d,a fkdjeïn¾ 22 - 29 w;r meje;aùug MHRPA u.ska lka.afchs lKaavdhu l,algdjg kshñ; w;r thg tx.,ka;h" ^±ka fld,algd& /f.k .sh w;r we't'c'" ol=Kq wm%sldj" c¾uksh" fmdaks wNsckk bkamiqq fuu l%Svdj ,eõ .skakla m%xYh" ;dhs,ka;h yd fudkaf. f.dúfmd,la fuka f,dj mqrd me;sr .sfhah' da,shdj hk rgj, lKavdhï yd mj;ajdf.k bka§h A (IPA) bka§h B ^uksmqß& hkq ,nk w;r th Wm; ,enqfõ flfiao@ lKavdhï iyNd.ss jkq we;' zzwjika jd¾Isl fmdaf,da uksmqrfhaÈ fï l%Svdj Wm; ,eîu ÈkfhaÈ úfoaYSh yd uksmqß l%Svlhska yd wYajdfrdayl ms<sn|j ;j;a rij;a l;kaorhla l%Svd l< if.d,a lka.afchs m%o¾Yk ;r. ixúOdkh ;sfí' l%s'mQ' 3500 § muK uksmqrh ;r.hla wm ixúOdkh lrkjdZZ lrhs md,kh l< lka.and rcq idf.,a l¾k,a isx.a ±kqï ÿkafkah' lka.afchs y÷kajd ÿkafkah' Wlafrdka.a fydka.and hk kñka y÷kajk W;aijfhaÈ rcq ;u ierháfhka WK uq,la fnda,hla f,i ;,a¨fldg fmkajd wYajhka l%Svdfõ fhfok fmdaf,da l%svlhska msg u; isg th l%Svd lrkfia mejiqfõh' zif.d,aZ hkq wYajhd jk w;r zlka.afchsZ hkq fydls ms;a;h' fuu l%Svdj ms<sn|j m<uqjrg i|yka fldg we;af;a l%s'j'33 uksmqß rdlSh jxY l;dj ;=<h'

úfYaI jQ wYajhka yd fjk;a foa if.d,a lka.afchs l%Svd lsÍu i|yd fhdÿ.;a uksmqß fmdakska Wiska wä y;rla - myla muK jQ iúu;a l%shdldß i;=ka jQy' Tjqka mQ¾K jYfhka w,xldr lrkq ,enq w;r weia" k<, yd we,m;a ish,a, wdrlaId jk fia wdjrK oud ;sìK' l%Svdj wdrïN jkafka msáh ueog fnda,h úis lrk úg lKavdhï folu tl ;ekg / iaùfuks' f.da, lKq lsisjla Ndú;d fkdjqkq w;r msáfha tla fl,jrlg fnda,h .eiQ úg th f.da,hla f,ig ie,lsK' tla tla f.da,fhka miq me;s udre lrk ,È' jvd;au is;a .kakd iq¿ jkafka ksYaÑ; Í;s lsisjla fkdue;s ùuhs'

j¾;udk fmdaf,da fï jk úg uksmQ¾ys l%svlhka 500 la yd fmdaf,da iudc 33 la muK mj;S' m<uq cd;Hka;r fmdaf,da ;r.dj,sh ixj¾Okh flrefKa l%Svdj ms<sn| ±kqj;a lsÍfï wruqK iys;j 1991 oSh' 2000 jir jk úsg cd;Hka;r ;r.dj,s 5 la meje;aù ;sìK' jir 12 lg miq uksmqrs fmdakska j|ùfï ;¾ckfhka uqojd wdrlaId lsÍfï wjYH;djh biau;= lsÍug 6 jk uksmqß fmdaf,da cd;Hka;rh 2012 ixúOdkh flßK' wo jk úg isák uksmqß fmdakska ixLHdj oyilg;a wvqh' MHRPA u.ska rcfha iyh we;sj fmdaks wNsckk f.dúm,la mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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ieureï

l%sia;= ;=ud" foajia:dk

yd k;a;,

fuu k;a;f,aos wmf.a rfÜ m%isoaO mQcHia:dk ms<sn|jo tajdfha m%Odk W;aij" ukialdka; .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh yd is;a .kakd iq¿ b;sydiho wms Tng f.k tkafkuq

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Y=oaO jQ yoj; wdik foõueoqr" È,a,sh b;d,s yd ì%;dkH .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha iqúfYaI jQ uqiqjlska hq;=j fuu foajia:dkh i|yd uq,a., ;nk ,oafoa 1929 §h' ì%;dkH .Dy ks¾udK Ys,ams fykaß fuâ úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o .fvd,a r;= miqìug fumsáka jk iqÿ meye;s ia:ïN fm, foajia:dkhg úfYaIs; njla tla lrhs' Wiaj ke.=Kq jl%dldr jy, Tm ±uQ .,a we;srE ìu yd mq¿,a jQ wdrelal= fuys wNHka;rhg ufyaYdLH nj tla lrhs' mdial= W;aijh yd l%sia;=;=udf.a urKh ieuÍu i|yd fï ia:dkh b;d m%isoaOh' tu W;aijj,g miq t;=udf.a W;a:dkho ieuf¾' iema;eïn¾ ui wjika bßod óiï ux.,Hh meje;afjk w;r th fÊiq ;=udf.a Y=oaO jQ yoj;a ux.,Hhhs' k;a;,a iuh ;=< kir;ays Y=oaO jQ mjqf,a ux.,Hh yd k;a;,a Èk fkdksok fufyho ixúOdkh flfrk w;r tysÈ k;a;,g fmr Èk uOHu rd;%shg mehlg fmr hd{djka yd Y=oaO jQ ,shú,s lshjkq ,efí'

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ieureï

ksmka fÊiq;=udf.a neis,sld foajia:dkh" f.daj nefrdla .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh ms<sn| lÈu WodyrKhla jk fuu UNESCO f,dal Wreu ia:dkfha uq,a., ;nk ,oafoa 1594 fkdjeïn¾ ui§h' fuh ksmka fÊiq;=ud fyj;a hym;a fyda ì<s÷ fÊiq;=ud fjkqfjka lemlr we;' ì;= is;=jï yd jákd mdIdK tínjq lsß. re~ ìu wNHka;rhg w,xldrhla tla lrhs' 1552 È ñh.sh yd úYajdi l< fkdfyk iqj lsÍfï n,hla ;snQ Ydka; m%ekaisia lafIaúh¾ uqks÷;=ukaf.a NIaudjfYaIhka ß§ uxcqidjl ;ekam;a lr 1624 isg fuys ;nd we;' Tyqf.a YÍrh rgj,a ;=kl ñysoka lrk ,o w;r th f.dv.kakd ,o yeu úglu krla fkdù ;sfnkq ±l we;æ jir 10 lg jrla fuu iamd[a[ Ydka;=jrhdf.a foayh keröug fm< .eiS meñfKk jkaokdlrejka Wfoid msg;g .kq ,efí' 17 jk Ydka; m%ekaisia lafIaúh¾ uqks÷kaf.a m%o¾Ykh 2014 fkdjeïn¾ isg 2015 ckjdß 04 olajd meje;aùug ixúOdkh lr we;'

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mreu, foajia:dkh flar<h 1885 È m%:u jrg bÈlrkq ,enq flar<fha ;srej,a,dys msysá mreu, foajia:dkh wo jk úg m%ùk .Dy ks¾udK Ys,ams pd¾,aia fldrhd úiska m%;sks¾ñ; kj f.dvke.s,a,la njg m;aj we;' Y=oaOjQ w,a;drhg wu;rj mreu, ;srefuks fyj;a Ydka; f.%f. daßhia uqks÷kaf.a NIaudjfYaIhka fuys l=áhla ;=< ;ekam;a lr we;' foajia:dkh kï lrkq ,enqfõ t;=udf.a kñks' jl%dldr ie,iqula we;s foajia:dk lSmh w;ßka fuho tlls' Ydka; f.%f.daßhia uqks÷kaf.a urK ixj;airh iaurKh flfrk jd¾Isl ux.,Hh i;shla mqrd meje;afjk w;r fkdjeïn¾ 2 th wdrïN fõ'

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ieureï

fõ,kalhskaks foajia:dkh" ;ñ,akdvqj fldruekav,a fjrf<a msysá fõ,kalhskaks foajia:dkh msgqmi rij;a l;djla we;' ì<s÷ fÊiq;=ukag lsß iemhq tfåfrl=g ieuodu ;u fld;,h ;=< lsß msÍ ;sfnkq ±lsh yelsjQ w;r ta ia:dkfha l=vd w;= me,la jka foõueÿrla ;kk ,È' 16 jk ishjfia w. Nd.fhaÈ lkHdußh;=ñh fmkS isg úl,dx. msßñ orefjl= iqj l< w;r t;eka mgka wmf.a iajdia:fha ud;dj kï foajia:dkh bÈlrk ,È' wo jk úg;a tla tla wikSmj,ska fmf,k ne;su;a;= thg wod, yevfhka hq;a bámkaoï mQcd lr;s' yoj;a frda.skag yoj;a yevh" ly WK i|yd wlaud yevh" laIh frda.h i|yd fmky¿ yevh hkdÈ jYfhks' wikSmh iqjjQ miq Tjqka ;u YÍrdx. yevfhka ieliq l=vd wkqrej ß§fhka fyda rkska lrjd fuu mßY%fha ;ekam;a lrk w;r tajd fuys fl!;=ld.drh ;=< ;nd we;' k;a;,g fmrÈk iji foajia:dk mqclhka fmryerla meñK fÊiq;=udf.a W;am;a;sh ksfõokh lrkq ,efí'

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ch.%yKh

wreue;s

ldka;dfjda

ldka;djkao ish¿u fõÈldj, ch i,l=Kq lrk wo Èkfha l%Svlhska úiska Èkk ,o ch.%yK j,ska ;jÿrg;a bka§h l%Svdj w¾: fkd.ekafjkq we; joka | .Íud fj¾ud

bka§h l%säldjka wka ljrodg;a jvd cd;Hka;r jYfhka molalï Èkd .kakd fï fudfydf;a Tjqka mqreI m%;srEm j, fijke,s fj;ska msg;g meñK Èÿ,k whqre fmkS hhs’ fï i|yd uE; ld,skj WodyrKh iemfhkafka 2010 È ishhg 36.53 lajq bka§h ldka;djka Èkd .;a

molalï fï jif¾ ishhg 45.3 la olajd jeäl< .a,diaf.daõ fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh l%Svd (CWG) ;=<sks’ ;u ;u l%Svd fCIa;% j,ska bkaÈhdj mSÀldjg f.k wd yd bka fndfyda fokl=g wkqm%dKh ,nd ÿka ldka;djka mia fofkl=g wms l;d lf<uq

ikað;d Lquqlapdka" 20 nr bis,Su ^ls' .%E' 48& .a,diaf.daõ fmdÿrdcH uKav,Sh l%Svd wdrïN l< Èkfhau bka§hdfõ molalï .sKqu wdrïN l< uksmqß ±ßh wehhs' zzug ojia .Kkla jkf;lau lkak neßfjk ;rugu uu f.dvla i;=gq Wkd'ZZ CWG ys by<u jd¾;dj yd iu l, ikað;d mjihs' ikað;d fuu l%Svdj yd ne÷fka 2006 jif¾§h' zzuf.a iuyr hy¿jka nr bis,Sfï fhÈ,d isáh ksid' wOHdmkh u. wßkak uu;a tl;= jqkd' uu fï l%svdj .ek we;a;gu ys;kak .;af;a bka§h l%Svd wêldßfhka udj f;dar .;a;g miafia'ZZ fuu jir uq,È 29 fjks kd.amQ¾ fcHIaGhka ys È ls' 179 ^79¬100& la Wiq,d weh rka molalula Èkd .;a;dh' tfy;a CWG ysÈ wehj by<gu heùug lss' 173 la ^77¬96& muKla m%udKj;a úh'

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ch.%yKh

nîgd l=udß" 24" fria,sx" ksoyia wdr ^ls'.%E'55& úfkaYa fmd.dÜ" 20" fria,sx" ksoyia wdr ^ls'.%E'48& ;%sj¾K Tijd ;eîu fuu mjqf,a iïm%odhls' molalï .Kkdjla Èkq .S;d fmd.dÜf.a fidhqßh nìgd yd {d;s fidhqßh úfkaYa bkaÈhdj i|yd ;j;a molalï Èkd .;ay 2010 CWG j,ska miq .S;d ^ls' .%E'55& bkaÈhdj i|yd rka molalï f.k wd m%:u ldka;d fria,sx l%Säldj jQ w;r wef.a fidhqßh nìgd ^ls'.%E'51& ß§ molalula Èkd .;a;dh' zzrka molalula .ekSug uu uykais ù mqyqKqùï j, fhÿkd'ZZ 24 úhe;s nìgd mjihs' weh l%Svdjg fhduqjQfha wef.a jeäuy,a fidhqßh .S;d yd mshd uydùr iska.a fmd.dÜf.a u. fmkaùu

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u;hs' fï w;r fmd.dÜ fidhqßhkaf.a nd,hd jk úfkaYaf.a mshd wehg wjqreoq 9 È ñh .sfhah' zz uu wjqreÿ yfha mgka mqyqKq ùï l<d' uq,È uu thg ffjr l<d" kuq;a .S;d yd nîgd wlal,d molalï Èkkjd ÿgqjdg miq uu thg wdYd lrkak mgka .;a;d' úfkaYa mjihs' wef.a m<uq CWG fmkS isàu ;=<§u 20 úhe;sj fuu Èkd.ekSu ,eîu wehg úYajdi lsÍug;a wiSre úh' zzuu rka molalï Èkd .;a;dh lshd woyd .kak ug iEfyk ld,hla .; jqKd' uf.a ó<`. b,lalh T,sïmsla rka molalula ,nd .ekSuZZ weh mjihs'

,hsY%dï iÍgd foaú " 29 fndlaisx ^ls'.%E'57 - 60 & miajrla wdishdkq Y+ßh njg m;ajQ iÍgd ord .ekSï W.;af;a fl;a j;= j, jev lrñks' w¾cqk iïudkfhka msÿï ,o yd ysgmq cd;sl yd f,dal Y+ßh ^2005& jQ weh CWG fj;ska molalï ,nd.;a m%:u ldka;d jD;a;Sh fndlaisx l%Säldj jQ w;r tys§ ß§ molalula Èkd .;a;dh' zzuf.a mq;d bmÈ jir folla l%Svd fkdl< ug kej;;aa ta ;;ajhg meñKsh yels fj;ehs is;=fõ kE' Ydßßl wNsfhda.hlg jvd th udkisl wNsfhda.hla' ta;a uu mqyqKq ùï lghq;= l<d' uf.a mjqf,a wh ug iyh ÿkakd' fuu molalug ia;=;s jkakg ug kej;;a úYaajdih we;s jqkd'ZZ fuu uksmqß fndlaisx l%Säldj mjihs'

mS' ù iskaOq 19 neâñkagka" tal, wef.a fouõmshka jD;a;Suh fjd,sfnda,a l%Svlhkaj isáhÈ neäñkagka l%Säldjla njg m;aùu mS' ù' iskaOqg t;rï myiq ld¾hhla fkdùh' flfia fj;;a weh mqf,,a,d f.damspdkaoaf.ka wNdih ,enQ w;r jhi wjqreoq 8 È neâñkagka ms;a; yd Ig,h w;g .;a;dh' zzuu wêIaGdkfhka wdYdfjka yd igkaaldñ;ajfhka hq;=j l%Säldjla f,ig j¾Okh jqkd'ZZ iskaOq mjihs' weh wdishdkq lKsIaG Y+r;djh ^2012& yd fmdÿrdcH uKav,Sh ;reK l%Svd ^2011& ;=< /chQ fcHIaG l%säldjka ;=< th t;rï myiq lghq;a;la fkdùh' wjia:d .KkdjlÈ mrdchg m;ajQ iskaOq 2013 È ish m%:u .%Ekaâ m%slaia kduh ,nd .;a;dh' tu jif¾§u f,dal Y+r;djh ;=<È f,dalv Y+r;djh Èkd.;a iskaOq flaj, molalu ÈkQ m%ldYa mÿfldakag miq bkaÈhdj ;=< fojkshd njg m;a jQjdh' fï jif¾ ;j;a f,dalv molalula Èkd .ksñka f,dal Y+r;djh ;=< msg msg Èkd .ksñka f,dal Y+r;djh ;=< msg msg Èkd.;a molalï ,dNskshka njg m;a jQjdh'

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b;sydih

remsh, Ndú;hg

meñKsfha flfiaao@

bkaÈhdfõ úksuh yd nexl= fkdaÜgq ms<sn|j flá úia;rhla wms Tng f.k tkafkuq

1861 g fmr hq.h bkaÈhdj ;=< ia:dms; nexl=j,g nexl= fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lssÍu i|yd ksoyila ;snQ ksoyia nexl=lrK hq.hla úh' w¾O rdcH ysñlu mej;s fm%isvkais nexl= fuu ld¾hfhaÈ ieug by<ska l%shd lf<a Tjqkaf.a fkdaÜgq rch u.ska ms<s.;a ksidh' fuu jrm%idoh i|yd nexl= u.ska isÿl< yels jHdmdrhkaf.a j¾. ms<sn|j iSud udhsï iys;j ;u nexl=fõ f;dr;=re jHjia:dodhlkag bÈßm;a lsÍug m%isvkais nexl= yg isÿúh' fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍfï iSudjka ;SrKh flrefka m%d.aOkhg yd w; we;s uqo,g iudkqmd;sljh'

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uq,a ld,fhaÈ nexl= fkdaÜgq ksl=;a flrefka myiq hhs ie,flk kdñl w.hkaf.ks' l,algd ^fld,algd& wjg msysá nexl= fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lf<a islald remsh,a fukau rka fudyQ¾j, w.fhks' 18 jk ishji wjidkfhaÈ fnx.d,h ;=< tla rka fudyqrhla islald remsh,a 16 la jQ w;r fï ;;ajh fya;=fjka remsh,a y;r wg yd 16 w.hlska hq;a uq,ald,Sk fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd idOdrKSlrKhla iemhqks' Wod( yskaÿia:dka nexl=fõ fkdaÜgq ksl=;= fuu w.hka ;=<ska tjlg ^19 jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha& jHjydrh jQ oaúf,day;d l%uho ksfhdackh úh'

ueârdia ys ^±ka fpkakdhs& nexl= u.ska wd¾fldÜ i|yd iudkqmd;sl rka ixÑ; yd rka mjqï iq/ remsh,a fukau rka ;re mf.daohkaf.a w.fhka l=ïm;a m%udKh;a ks¾foaY flßK' fkdaÜgq ksl=;a fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lrk ,È' lsÍï wdOdrl j;alïj,ska ishhg 40 la j;a rka 1818 È fuu uqo,a tallhka rka ldis yd .k rka" .%Eï 10 la re' 18'23 ß§ ñkqï 180 la n/;s ^.%E' 11'66& ß§ la f,i .Kkh l< ;;ajh hgf;a ldishla u.ska m%;sia:dmkh lrk re' fldaá 40 lg fkdwvq úh hq;=h' uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, ,o w;r tys msßisÿ f,day ñkqï uQ,H Wmldrlhka úfYaIfhkau iajNdjh 165 la we;=,;a úh' 1835 bka§h yqkaä f,i y÷kajk úksuh ì,am;a mqoa.,sl nexl==j ldis mk; u; tu jif¾È remsh, j,g §¾> b;sydihla we;' flfia u.ska fkdaÜgq fuu msßú;rhkag wkql+,j iïu; fj;;a kQ;k w¾:fhka .;a l< lrk ,È' bkaamiq fuu fkdaÜgq fkdaÜgq uqo,aj, wdrïNh 18 jk ksl=;a l< 18 iud.ï remsh,a f,i kdukh lrk ishjfia w. Nd.h olajd Èfjhs' jk ishji w. ,È' 19 jk ishji ueo Nd.fhaÈ merKs;u fkdaÜgq w;r yskaÿia:dk Nd.h olajd fuu Wmi¾.h bj;a flreKq w;r nexl=j ^1770 - 1832& fnx.d,fha Èfjhs remsh, hkak muKla b;sß úh' yd ìydrfha uy nexl=j ^1773 bka§h ixÑ; nexl=j (RBI) 75& fnx.d, nexl=j ^1748 - 91& msysgqúu;a iu. fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍfï wdOdrl hkdosfhka ksl=;a l< fkdaÜgq ±laúh yel' j;alï RBI mkf;a 33 jk j.ka;sh u.ska bka fkdaÜgq lSmhla b;sß úh' 19 jk ishjfiaÈ md,kh ùug mgka .;af;ah' fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍu w¾O rdcH nexl= ia:dms; ùu;a iu. fnx.d,

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b;sydih nexl=j ^m%isvkais nexl= f,i y÷kajk fndïfí fkdfnÿkq bkaÈhdj ;=< fkdaaÜgq ixirKh nexl==j yd uÿrdis nexl=j& m%;s,dN iys; mx;sfha remsh,a fldaá 1"181 la muK ù ;sìKs' isÿl< iSudiys; Ndú;d lrkakka m%udKhlg iSud jQj;a hq;= ld¾hh jQfha kj mlsia:dkh ;=< ixirKh fkdaÜgq uqo,a mq¿,a f,i ixirKh úh' jk bkaÈhdkq fkdaÜgq kj rcfha fjkiaa fkdaÜgq 1935 wfm%a,a 1 jk Èk RBI rfÜ uy nexl=j yd ldis j,ska m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu;a ksl=;a l< f,i ia:dmkh ù fkdaÜgq ksl=;=fõ fkdaÜgqj, j.lSïj,g wkqj j;alï ld¾hh Ndr.kakd f;lau fkdaÜgq úNdckh lsÍu;ah' uqo,a md,kh lrkq ,enqfõ rch 1948 wfm%a,a 01 od isg cQks 30 1947 úisks' uq,skau RBI úiska fkdaÜgq olajd nexl=j úiska re'2" re'5" wf.daia;=fõÈ ksl=;=fõ wdOdrl j;alïj,ska re'10 yd re'100 jákdlñka hq;a fkdfnÿKq ishhg 40 laa j;a rka yd úfoaY wNsf,aÅ; nexl= fkdaÜgq ksl=;a l< bkaÈhdj iq/l=ï f,i ;sìh hq;= jQ fkdaÜgq w;r mlsia:dka rcfha remsh,a 1 ;=< fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍfï iudkqmd;sl ixÑ; fkdaÜgq mdlsia:dkq ksl,a remsh, yd ixirKh re' l%uhla wkq.ukh lf<ah' 1956 È fjk;a úfYaIs; rgdj, Wm ldiso fldaá 1"181 la fuu iudkqmd;sl ixÑ; l%uh wju ksl=;a flßK' ixÑ; l%uhla u.ska m%;sia:dmkh fuu ldis yd j,x.== uqo,a njg ^re'ì,shk 11'81 flßK' ksoyi meñKsfha rg m;ajf Q ha mdlsi: a dkh ;=< muKs' 1948 muK úh bkaÈhdj yd mlsia:dkh f,i cQks 30 jk Èk mdlsi: a dkq úksuh folv ùfï lïmkh o /f.kh' n,Odßhd f,i ixÑ; nexl=jg ;snQ ie,lsh hq;= udkhka m%udKhla mj;soa§ jQj;a n,h wjika lrk ,È' 1948 cQ,s 1 jk Èk od hg;a úð; hq.fha isg iajdëk bkaÈhdj fj; mdlsi: a dkq rch nexl=j ia:dms; flßK' úksuh l<ukdlrKh udre ùfïÈ th hï bkaÈhdj ;=< flreKq ld¾hh jvd ir, úh' ;rul myiqqjlska isÿ úh' 1947 wf.daia;=fõÈ ksoyi yd bkaÈhdkq ckrch 1950 ckjdß 26

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jk Èk m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu w;r ld,h ;=< RBI 1951 È kj fkdaÜgq ;=< u;=j fmKqfka yskaÈ úiska j¾;l fkdaÜgq ksl=;a lsÍu isÿ lrk ,È' NdIdjhs' remdhd hkafkys nyqjdÑ moh ms<sn| ksoyia bkaÈhdj ;=< ksl=;a l< m,uq jk fkdaÜgq újdofhka miq remhsfha hkak fhdod .eksK' jQfha 1949 È fla'wd¾'fla fukka by< jákdlulska hq;a fkdaÜgq w;aikalrejq bka§h rcfha remsh,a ^1"000" 5"000 yd 10"000& 1954 § kej; tfla fkdaÜgqjhs' RBI ys ksl=;+ka yd y÷kajd fok ,È' 1957 È bkaÈhdj iajdëk bkaÈhdj ckrch m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu tl úg uqo,a l%uh m%;sixialrKh lrk ;=< m<uq uqo,a isÿ úh' 1949 ckjdß 1 jk Èk nexl=j ,È' merKs l%ufhaÈ tla remsh,la fkdaÜgqj jQfha cki;= lrk ,È' wekd 16 lg fnok ,o w;r tla fla'wd¾'fla ksoyia bkaÈhdj i|yd ixfla;hka wekdjla mhsi 4 lska iukaú; úh' fukka f;dard .; hq;= úh' wdrïNfhaÈ rcqf.a tl mhsihla fmhs 3 lg iudk úh' w;aikalrejq mska;+rh uy;aud .dkaêf.a rEmhlska tneúka tla remsh,la mhsi 64 lska 1949 ksl=;a m%;sia:dmkh l< hq;= njg ye`.sK' fyda fmhs 192 lska iukaú; úh' l< remshf,a fï i|yd ks¾udK igyka ielisks' uy;aud .dkaêf.a ckau Y; ixj;airh fkdaÜgqjhs wjika úYaf,aIKfhaÈ .dkaêf.a rEmh ieuÍu i|yd wkqiaurK fudaia;r fjkqjg idrdkd;a ys wfYdal ia:ïNfha ud,djla 1969 È ksl=;a l< w;r tys isxy YS¾Ih fhdod .ekSug tl`.;djh jQfha fiajd.%dï wdY%uh miqìñka hqla;j m< úh' fkdaÜgqj, kj fudaia;ro fndfyda úg tu jdäù isák .dkaêh' fudaia;r yd m%udKhka merKs tajd yd iudk fjhs' ld,h;a iu. fjkia ùï j,g ,la úh'

lvodis yd fmdfrdkaÿj( bkaÈhdfõ úksuh yd nexl= fkdaÜgq ms<sn| flá b;sydihla$úksuh l,ukdlrKh ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" bkaÈhdfõ ixÑ; nexl=j" uqïndhs" fj;ska Wmqgd .kakd ,È'

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flaJøh

l=¿nvq fjr<

;Srh f.dvke.Su

flar<h" .x.d ksi, Èh (backwaters)" ksjdi fndaÜgq" wdhq¾fõoh yd m¾hdh ùug l,lg fmr foúhkaf.au rg kï jQ tys l=¿nvq ksidfjka mrisÿ úh joka | uOq,sld vdIa

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EUROPE

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JAVA f,dal is;shu u; l=¿nvq udj;

flar<h m%Odk flakaøia:dkhlaj mej;=Kq mqrd;k l=¿nvq udj; h<s k.d isgqùu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd flar< ixpdrl jHdmdrh yd UNESCO ixúOdkh w;r .súiqula w;aika ;eìKs' fuu m%:u cd;Hka;r uQ,drïNfha oaú jeoEreï kHdh m;%h jkafka flar< ixialD;shg yd l=¿nvq udj; ixj¾Okhg bjy,a jQ f;dgqfmd,j,a" f.dvke.s,s yd fj<|fmd, h<s k.d isgqùuh' tfia lsÍfuka iod mßKdukh jk l=¿nvq l;kaorh wjfndaO lr.ekSug;a hful=g Wmldr ,efnkq we;' jrla l=¿nvq f,dj md,kh lf<a flfiao@ hqoaO" iïuq;Ska" .súiqï yd hg;a úð; jdoh i|yd l=¿nvq fya;= jQfha flfiao@ tfukau l=¿nvq rkaj,g jvd ñ, wêlhehs i,lkafka ukao@ fuu ie,iqfuys jeo.;au fldgila jkafka flar<fha l=¿nvq udjf;ys ld, f¾Ldj ieliSu i|yd fl!;=ld.dr 25 la ixj¾Okh lsÍu;a frdau n,mEu hgf;aÈ l=¿nvq fj<|du ;=< fuu

rdcHh wmflakaøh njg m;aùu yd fuys jeä fldgi tla tla rgj,g wjYH ùu ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu;ah' flar<h jeo.;a jkafka wehs@ ulaksido h;fyd;a i;H l=¿nvq l;dkaorh werUqfKa fuu iajNdúl;ajfhka msßmqka rdcH ksidfjks' i;H jYfhkau l%s'mQ' 3000 ;rï wE; w;S;fhaÈ;a th fyd¢ka ;yjqre jQ l=¿nvq fj<| f;dgla úh' l=¿nvq fj<|fmd, flfia ùo h;a wE; ÿre rgj, isg ta fj; fjf<kafoda .,d tkakg mgka .;ay' fkdaueäl wrdìhdkqjka yd mqrd;k *SkSIshkajre tfia l=¿nvq fj<|du i|yd meñKs uq,au cd;ska w;r jQy' l%s'mQ' 600 muK jk úg m¾ishdkq .,a*a l,dmh yryd wrdìhg yd bka tmsgg .ïñßia" l=re÷" iqj| o%jH yd f;,a j¾. m%jdykh flfrñka meú;sK' tjka tla ixpdrlhlÈ uqo,a ys`.jQ wrdìjreka" wdishdfõ l¿ r;a;rka hhs mjiñka .ïñsßiaj,ska ;u nÿ f.jQ njg mejfia' tu

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flaJøh

l=¿nvq b;sydih iq/lSu

md,shï ,kafoais ud,s.h

c,ud¾. u.ska n,mEï ,en we;s fuu m%foaYo flar<fha wdVH jQ l=¿nvq fj<|du ;=< m%Odk N+ñldjla r`.mEfõh' tajd l=¿nvq udj;a jHdmD;sfha jeo.;a ia:dkhla Wiq,hs'

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fldÉÑ rdcHfha uyd rdcdjrekaf.a tjlg w.ue;sjreka jQ md,sh;a wpkajrekaf.a jdiia:dkhla jQ fuu ud,s.h mD;=.sis wdl%uKfhaÈ uydrdcdf.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSfuka miq ,kafoaiska úiska kùlrKh fldg w.ue;sjrhdg ,nd fok ,È'

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m,a,smqrï fldgqj 1503 § mD;=.Siska úiska bÈ lrk ,o m,a,smqrï fldgqj fmßhd¾ isg wrdì uqyqo fj; hk yd bka meñfKk fk!ld mßlaaId lsÍfï l|jqrla f,i Ndú;d jQ w;r tys ìï l=áh fjä fnfy;a .nvd lsÍu i|yd fhdod .eKsk'

jif¾ wjidkh;a iu. fuu ñysß l=¨nvq fj<|dï uOHia:dkh njg ier l=¿nvqfjys mßfNdackh úiauh m;aù ;sìKs' fï ;;ajh hgf;aÈ iy.; f,i jeäjQ w;r iqmsß iQm flar<h fj<| m%cdjka ish,a, tla/ Ydia;%fha ;;aj ,dxPkhla njg m;a iajk yd uqyqjk ia:dkhla (melting úh' fuhg fyd|u idlaIs imhkafka pot) njg m;ajQ neúka flar< cd;skaf.a l%s'j' 1 jk ishjfiaÈ ,shjqkq frdau Ôú;j,g buy;a n,mEula isÿ kjl;dj, .ïñßia úh' jeäu .Kkla jQ fidaia ieliSfï wdydr l%sia;shdks foajia:dk" wef,laiekav¾ jÜfgdare wk;¾.;ùuhs' uqia,sï m,a,s" ;dkdhï" bkaÈhdj i;H jYfhkau frdau n,fldgq yd c, ;Srej,g wdl%uKh lsÍu wêrdc fvdóIshka k.r ióm Ysj fldaú,a" uOHfha tla m%foaYhla fprduka fmreud,a miqmi ;snQ wefydaßhd msfmrgdßhd rcq úiska ;kk ,o tla wruqKla fyj;a .ïñßia .nvd m<uq uqia,sï m,a,sh jkafka flar< hk kñka kï fldg jk fprduka cqud yd f;dgqfmd,j, .ïñßia fj<÷ka i|ydu l%sia;shdks b.ekaúïj, n,h w,a,d fjkafldg ;eîh' uOHia:dkh njg m;ajQ .eksuhs wef,laiekav¾ jhsmSfldÜg fifufkaßh wêrdchd bkaÈhdjq hkdÈ jQ ish,a,lau wdl%uKh lsÍfï tla wruqKla jQfha flar<fha msysgd ;sîug fya;= flar< f;dgqfmd,j, n,h w,a,d jQfha fuhhs' tfukau flar<h ;=< .ekSuhs' furg ;=<È uyd wfYdal ysnDDjrekaf.a mÈxÑh wdrïN lrk wêrdchdgo tjkajQu ie,iqï ;snqKq ,oafoa fpkakux.,ï iskf.da.h yd w;r l%s"mQ' 3 § flar<h ld¾h nyq,u w;a;mdKs W;=r iskf.da.h iu.hs'

fldÜgïmqrï fldgqj

uxcqud;d foajia:dkh

fldÜgmqrï fj<|fmd,

1523 § mD;=.SiSka úiska bÈlrk ,o fuh" l%e{fkda¾ fldgqj f,io ye¢kaúKs' tfukau fmßhd¾ .f`.a uqj úg iqúfYaIs msysàu ksid fndfyda wjOdkhg md;% jQjls'

ckm%jdohg wkqj ámq iq,a;dkaf.a yuqodj meñfKoaÈ fuu foajia:dkh yd ta wjg >k óÿulska jeiS.sh w;r th yuqodj wdmiq yrjd heùug;a fndfyda Ôú; fírd .eksug;a fya;= úh'

merKs;u l=¿nvq fj<| uOHia:dkh jk fldÜgmqrï fj<|fmd, mqrd;k .%dóh fj<|fmd,la l%shd;aul jQ wdldrh lshdmdk wkqrejls' th fm'j' 3'00 g wjÈj m'j'3' 00 jid ±fï'

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ixjdoh

fõ.j;a Odjk ux

fmf;a meo hdu

weh h;=remeÈ Odjkhg wdYd lrhs. Odjk ;Sre u; msßñka mrhd nenf,k iqmsß h;=remeÈ Odjl w,SId wíÿ,a,d ±ka Ñ;%mgj,o r`.mdkakSh joka | YIS l=udß

l%slÜ l%Svlhka yg je÷ï ms÷ï uf.a wkd.;h fudag¾ r: l%Svdj lrkq ,nk rgl w,SId wíÿ,a,d nj'˜ weh ta ms<sn|j tfia mjihs' kejqï jdhq oyrla fuka Odjkh wehf.a wdYdj fya;= jkakg lrhs' weh kj mrïmrdfõ bka§h weh rfgys tlu iqmsß h;=remeÈ ±ßúhl jk w;r ;u iSud udhsï Odjk ;r`.ldßh njg m;a jQjdh' ;ud úiskau ,l=Kq lr .ekSug;a weh msßñka yd ;r. lrk w;ru ;u brKu ;ud w;skau ,shd Tjqkg mer§u ,Êcdjla fia .ekSug;a f,d,a i,lkakSh' 2009 jkakSh' iqmsß h;=re jif¾ cd;sl iqmsß uf.a 18 jk meÈhl jeäjk yd h;=remeÈ Y+r;djh Wmka Èkhg l=,au;a lrjk y`v ;=,§ weh msßñka fukau wef.a wdYdj 15la w;r ;=kajk uf.a mshd 600cc ,sh,k lafIa;%ho jgh iïmQ¾K l<dh' iqmsß h;=re iqúfYaIShæ —ug ´kEu ñksil=j meÈhla ;E.s oqka —Odjk ;r. i|yd iqj;djh iïnkaOfhka fudfydf;aÈ uu jk uf.a Wkkaÿj we;s meroúh yelshs' uu ±k.;a;d uf.a jQfha ug wjqreÿ wfÜ§' iqj;djh ms<sn|j b;d wkd.;h fudag¾ uf.a mshd;a Odjlfhla Wkkaÿ jkafkla ksid r: l%Svdj nj jQ ksid fuu Èklg meh myla-yhla lafIa;%hg" fõ.hg yd mqyqKqùï lrKjd' tys l%shdldÍ;ajhg ud iún,h" wNHka;r jYS jqKd' bka miafia uu f.da ldÜ Yla;sh" ;=káh yd fn,a, m%foaYh f¾isx ldrh me§ug W;aidy fldg Yla;su;a lr .ekSu i|yd uu id¾:l jqKd' l%ufhka Odjk ;r. YdÍßl mqyqKqùï j, fhfokjd' i|yd uf.a wdYdj jeä jqKd' uf.a YdÍßl jYfhka fuu l%Svdj 18 fjks WmkaÈkhg uf.a mshd ug .eyeKq <ufhl=g wiSrehs' ta ksid 600cc iqmsß h;=re meÈhla ;E.s jvd fjfyi ù jHdhdï lsÍug ug fok fudfydf;a§ uu ±k.;a;d isÿfjkjd'˜ weh mjihs'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

ug ´kEu ñksil= iqj;djh iïnkaOfhka meroúh yelshs" uu iqj;djh ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjkafkla ksid Èklg meh myla mqyqKqùï lrkjd' Ydßßl iú n,h" wNHka;r Yla;sh ;=káh yd fn,a, m%foaYh iúu;a lr .ekSu i|yd ud Ydßßl mqyqKqùï j, fhfokjd'ZZ w,Sid wíÿ,a,dya

fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixjdoh

2013 cQks uios fldïnhs;+¾ysÈ ish¿ kï oñ, Ñ;%mgfha h;=re meÈ Odjlfhl= Odjk ;r.lrejka i|yd iqj;d l|jqrla f,i r`.mdñka ;u m<uq r`.mEu wdrïN meje;ajqKq w;r ñks;a;=jla ;=< by< lsÍug w,SId iu;a jQjdh' —uu tu tiùï (push-up) 69 la iïmQ¾K lr ish¿ jHdmD;sh yd tl`. ùug fya;=j Odjlhl= msßñka mrhd nen¿Kdh' f,i r`.mEug yelsùuhsZZ wehf.a wfkl=;a ch.%yKhka weh mjihs' Odjk jkafka 2006 cd;sl ud¾. flfia fj;;a nQÜ ;r.lrejka Odjk Y+r;djh UCAL, ys im;a;=" yï celeÜgq yd i|yd jQ cd;sl fojekak iïmQ¾K lssÍu;a fvksï ye¢ frdla mkakfha 2012 fjdlaiaje.ka cd;sl ±ßúhla Tn ujd .;af;a kï iqj;d l|jqf¾È fmdaf,daa l=i,dkfhaÈ Tng ;j;a mqÿuh okjk weh ñks;a;=jla ^bkaÈhdj& wgjekak lreKla ±k.kakg we;' ;=<È by< iïmQ¾K lsÍu;a 2008 jif¾È weh ;u ikaOHd idoj,g tiùï 69 la ;reK ch.%dylhd i|yd iqkaor ldka;d we÷ï we| iïmQ¾K lr ,nd fok frdagß iïudk wdNrK me<e| iyNd.s ùug ish¿ msßñka msÿï ,eîu;ah' wdYd lrhs' wNsnjd isáhdh fõ.j;a ux ;Srefõ fuu zzuu Odjk ux ;Srefjka Ôú;hg weh wdYd lrkakSh' msg; o`.ldr fld,af,l= mehg lsf,da ógr 200 la blaujñka f,i yeisfrkafka keye' uu iqmsß h;=re msßñka yd ;r. fldg Tjqka meroùug meÈ Odjlfhla hhs lsjdu we;a;gu weh f,d,a jkakSh''''''' bÈka bkamiq ñksiqka mqÿu fjkjdZZ weh iskdjlska l=ulao@ th kï ß§ ;srhhs' breïnq l=Èrdhs ieriS mjihs'

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fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ 2014

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