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bka§h uQ¾;Ska ;=< ieureï l< fukau jkaokdudk l<d jQo ìh ±lajQ fukau f.!rjhg n÷ka l<djQo ldka;dj uDÿ fukau wmQ¾j;ajfhka wkQkh' wef.a ndysr úoHdudkhka fndfydah' tfy;a wE ;=< wdfõKsl jQ .=ma; nj .%yKh lr .ekSug kï b;sydifha yd ck mqrdKfha msgq w;r ießießh hq;=h' ;dlaIKslj .;a l< uQ¾;s l,dj ms<sn| jk bka§h mdGhka ;=< YÍrfha úúO wjhjhkaf.a iudkqmd;sl nj iïnkaOfhka ±ä msßú;rhka ±lsh yelsh' tfukau idys;Huh mdGhka ;=< i|ykaj we;s mßmQ¾K ldka;dj i;= ,laIKhka - fudayskS ^ji`.h&" ldudlaIs ^fmd,Ujk iq¿ nj&" ókdlaIs ^u;aiHhl=f.a fuka jQ weia& yd pkaøuqÅ ^i| jeks uqyqK& - hkdÈh tlsfklg ixl,kh l< hq;=j ;sìKs' we÷ï" wdNrK" fldKavd fudaia;rh" uqyqfKa ye`.Sï hkdÈh Ôjudkjq f,i l,d;aulj ks¾udKh l< hq;=jq w;r tys l=vd wxY=jla mjd ishqïj iam¾Y l< hq;= úh' uQ¾;ska fgrfldgd ueá" ±juh" ffY,uh fyda f,dayuh úh' fgrfldgd uQ¾;Ska l=U,a ueáj,ska ieliqKq w;r orejkaf.a fi,a,ï nvq" bjqï msyqï NdKav" fukau c,h .nvd lsÍfï n÷ka jk

iqrdys yd >drd jeks ishqï jQ .nvd n÷ka iu.u fmdarKqfjys oud mq¿iaikq ,eìK' ±juh uQ¾;Ska w;r b;d m%ios O a uQ¾;Ska jkqfha TäId rdcHfha c.kakd;a mqo ìfuys we;s l%I s K a d foú÷ka yd Tyqf.a ifydaorhka" nd,drdï yd iqNødh' fuu fldfydU ±jfhka l< m%;u s djka iEu jir 12 isg 19 lg jrlau pdß;%dkql q , + j m%;i s : a dmkh flf¾' ffY,uh m%;sud yd mqrdK jQ wdo¾Yhka uq¿ uy;a rg mqrdu mßmQ¾K jQ ;;ajfhka ±lsh yelsh' -wcka;d yd t,af,dard ^uydrdIag%h& ys .=yd ;=< uu,a,mqrï ^;ñ,akdvqj& ys .,a leghï fukau ysudpd,a m%foaYa ys nhsÊkd;a" rdcia:dkfha È,ajdrd mkai,¡ f,dayuh uQ¾;Ska nßka wvq w;r Yla;su;a núka jeäh' f,dalvj,ska ksuejqKq w.%.KH m%;sudjka w;alï Ys,amfha Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOkhla jk Ys,am Ydia;% ;=< uOqÉÑia; úOdk f,i úia;r flfrk cire perdue fyj;a wysñ bá l%uh (lost wax method) Ndú;fhka jd;a;= lrkq ,en we;' bkaÈhdj f,day úoHdj ms<sn|j ±k isákafka l%s' mQ' 6000 l ;rï tmsg ld,hl isgh' ffY,uh yd f,dalv m%;sudjka fndfyduhla ldka;d YÍrfha ,d,s;Hh yevhka u;= lrñka ;%sNx. ^;sjxl& uqødfjka ksuù we;'

,Êcdf.!ß

bkaoSh uQ¾;s l,dj ;=< ud;D;ajh wurKSh fldg we;' 6 jk ish jfia je,s.,a ks¾udKhla jk fuh fi!Nd .Hh yd iY%Sl;ajfha foj`.k f,i idïm%odhslj i,lk fuu foj`.kf.a ore m%iQ;s bßhõjla úoyd mdhs' wehg bkaÈhdfõ fvlEka m%foaYfha ckhd jkaokdudk lrhs'

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Wud -ufyaIaj¾

8 jk ishjfia je,s.,a m%;sudjla jk fuh Ysj md¾j;s yd Tjqkaf.a orejka jk .fkaI yd ld¾;sflah iys; mjq, úoyd olajk w;r uOH m%foaYays ukaoaijq¾ m%foaYfhka fidhd .kakd ,È'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixialD;sh

w¾èkÍYaajß

iriaj;s

úYajfha ÈjHrdchdjq Ysj Tyqf.a m%shïNsldj jk md¾j;s iu. tlaùu' md¾j;s ^Yla;s fyj;a Wud& m%ikak nj yd iqkaor;ajh" wd;au mß;Hd.h yd wdorfha m%;suQ¾;shhs' úYajfha Yla;s m%Njh ^Yla;s& weh njg úYajdi flf¾'

fõo .S;sldjka ys foaj;ajhg m;a tlu .x.dj jk iriaj;sfha mqoa.,d;ajfrdamKhla jk fuu 12 jk ish jfia m<s`.= m%;sudj rdcia:dkfha m,a¨ m%foaYfhka fidhd .kakd ,oaols' ±kqu" l:dj" NdIdj" úoHdjg wêm;s f,i ie,flk fuu foj`.k f,dj m<uq NdIdj f,ig ye¢kafjk ixialD;sl fyj;a foaj NdIdfõ ^foúhkaf.a NdIdj& fukau foajkd.ß wlaIrhkaf.a wdrïNlhd f,io ie,fla'

m;%f,aLd

bkaÈhdfõ uOH m%foaYays Lcqrdfyda fj;ska fidhd.;a" ldka;djla ,smshla ,shk whqre úoyd ±lafjk fuu 10-11 ishjfia je,s.,a ms<suh u.ska jir 1000 lg tmsg§;a bkaÈhdkq iudch wOHdmkhg ,nd § ;snq ia:dkh fyd¢ka ms<sìUq lrh¡s

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ùri;s

fM;sydisl rdcia:dk n,fldgqj hqoaOfhka folv ù i;=rka w;g m;aùug fudfyd;la ;sìhÈ tys ldka;dfjda ;u .re;ajh wdrlaId lr.kq jia iuQy .skscd,djlg mek urKhg m;ajQy¡ i;s f,i ye¢kafjk th 19 jk ishjfiaÈ wfydais lrk f;lau W;=re bkaÈhdfõ m%p,s;j me;sKs' ;u Ôú;h kid.kakd ùri;s ^Èúmqokaksh& fmkakqï lrk fuu 13 jk ishjfia l¿ nefida,aÜ m%;sudj ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ wdkaø m%foaYfhka fidhd .kakd ,oaols'

ohdnß; ud;D foj`.kka

fïjd u.ska fmdf,da ud;djf.a ish,a, mß;Hd. lsÍfï .=Kh yd ish,a,g iudj §fï .=Kh úoyd mdk w;r u;=rd" fl!Iïì yd mÜ,smq;% jeks mqrdK YsIagdpdrhka ;=< úYd, jYfhka olakg ,eìKs' ieris,sj,ska w,xlD;jQ l%s'mQ' 2 jk ishjig wh;a u;=rd ud;D foj`.kf.a fuu fgrfldgd m%;sudj tu hq.fha ia;%S mrudo¾Yh ixfla;j;a lrhs'

yß;s

firl jk yß;s" ïf,aÉP meyer .kakshla jQ w;r miqlf,l nqoaOd. fuys n,mEu ,nd orejkaf.a Ndrlrefjl= yd wdrlaIlfhl= njg m;a jQjdh' wdkaø m%foaYhg wh;a fuu 4 jk ishjfia yß;s m%;sudj foj`.kla fia je÷ï msÿï ,enqjls'

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixialD;sh

tlai;anfõ yd idufha

iqmqIams; ne£ï

kjÈ,a,f s ha MQ,j a f,daka lS ihS¾ s jd¾Isl W;aijh wka;¾ wd.ñl in|;djhka fukau fnodyod .ekSfï .=Kh Yla;u s ;a lrjhs

iEu jirlu iq*S uqksjr Lqgqnqoa§ka nla;shd¾ ldlsf.a fofjd, ;=< u,a we;sß,a,la ;ekam;a lrkq ,efí

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by< isg olaIsKdj¾;j( fhda.udhd mkai, fj; mqokq ,enq u,a mxldj( u,a we;sß,a, /.;a ck;dj( fmryer wdrïN jkafka bkaÈhdfõ merKs È,a,sfhks

WKqiqu my< neiSu werUqKq ú.i cd;sl w.k.rh jk È,a,sh ish¨ is;a i;ka j¾Kfhka yd iq.kaOfhka mqrjd,k MQ,afjdf,dka lS ihs¾ ^u,alrejkaf.a fmryer& fmryßka To jefvhs' fM;sydisl l=gqí ñkd¾ wi< fuyafrd,sys ish¨ wd.ïj,g wh;a ckhd úiska ieufrk fuu fmryer" mjqre k.rh fyj;a merKs È,a,sfha pkaoks fp!la isg fuyafrda,s lv ùÈh ^fj<|fmd,& yryd fhd.auhd mkai, f;la we§ hkafka iq*S uqksjr" Ydka;=jr yd Ydia;%jka; LqgqnqoaÈka Nla;shd¾ ldlsf.a o¾.dya ^fidfydka fld;& yd fofjd, u; u,ska ieliqkq pod¾ ^we;sß,a,& ;ekam;a lsÍu i|ydh' bkaÈhdfõ iq*sjdoh u; ldls buy;a n,mEula isÿl< njg b;sydifha ±lafjhs' úYaùh ifydaor;ajfha yd ;Hd.YS,s nfõ ffp;islhka Tyq úiska Tma kxjk ,È' i;H jYfhkau 13 jk yd 14 hk ishjiaj,È bkaÈhdj mqrd fndfyda fokd bia,dï wd.u flfrys wdl¾Ykh lrjñka Tyq iq*s jHdmdrfha jeo.;a lv bula i,l=Kq lf<ah' fï jk úg b;d jeo.;a wka;¾ wd.ñl W;aijhla njg m;aj we;s MQ,afjdf,dka lS ihs¾ meje;afjk ia:dkh jkqfha Lqgqnqoa§ka nla;shd¾ ldlsf.a fofjd,h' fuu W;aijfha uQ,drïNh

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ixialD;sh

^by< yd my< ju& Lõjd,ska yd ixialD;sl jev igyka W;aijY%Shfha wx.hka fõ' ^ol=K& fmryer o¾.dya fj; ,`.d fjñka

jkafka 1812 È fuda.,a wêrdc wland¾ Idya ¸¸ .Kka j,È tjlg bka§h w.ue;s bkaÈrd .dkaê f.a ìß| jk uqïgdia uy,a /ðK" tjlg r;= úiska cd;sl ifudaOdkh j¾Okh lrkq msKsi n,fldgqfõ ì%;dkH ks,Odßhd jQ ish¨ bka§h rdcHhkag fï yd Y%Su;a wdlafnda,aâ fiagka úiska tlajk f,i lrk ,o b,a,Sfuka wef.a mq;%hd jQ ñ¾id fcyka.S¾" miqj ihs¾-b-.=,dka*afrdaIka f,io 1942 § w,yndoa fj; msgqjy,a l< miq ye¢kafjk fuu MQ,ajf,dka ls ihs¾ ì%;dkHhka Tyq iqrlaIs;j wdmiq meñKshfyd;a ;j;a fmruqKg meñKsfhah' úiska fuu fuyafrda,sys fhda.auhd mkaif,a wo jk úg o¾.dya ys uq¿ uy;a ieuÍu kj;ajk ldlsf.a fidfydka fld; fj; jd;,hu W;aijY%Sfhka we<f,hs' ,È' th kej; pod¾ ^we;sß,a,la& yd u,a mxldjla fuhg uqksjr fmkqula ,ndfoñka werUqfka 1961 È mQcd lrk njg ndrùu;a iu.h' Lõjd,ska Wmydid;aul ixialD;sl tjlg w.ue;s jQ ckm%jdohg wkqj th tfia isÿjQ jevigyka yd k¾;khka ùÈ cjy¾,d,a fkare w;r bkamiq fuu iïm%odh werôKs' Tiafia r`. olajkq ,nhs' uqia,sï úiska yskaÿ yd flfia fj;;a 1942 È ì%;dkHhka Ydka;=jrfhl=f.a fofjd,la fj; uqia,sïjreka úiska fuu ieuÍu kj;ajk uqia,sï l;la úiska jrla mqol, w;r in|;djh ,È' bkamiq 1961 § tjlg bka§h m%Kduh miq.sh Y;l .Kkdjla j¾Okh lsÍu w.ue;s jQ cjy¾,d,a fkare úiska mqrd m%cdjka wd.u yd mx;Skaf.a i|ydh yskaÿjreka yd uqia,sïjreka w;r iSud udhsï blaujd .sh ieuÍula iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh lrkq njg m;aj we;' fuu jif¾È ihs¾ msKsi fuu W;aijh kej; wdrïN flßK' 70 werfUkafka Tlaf;dan¾ 10 jk odh'

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yjq,aldß;ajh

BRICS: kjf,dal rgdjka ;=<

nexl=lrKh

n%iS,fha f*dgf,idys mej;s yhjk BRICS iuq¿j ke.S tk wd¾Ólhka fj; uqo,a iemhSu Wfoid BRICS fj;ska cjh iemfhk kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j (New Development Bank) we;=¿j kj uxfm;a újr lrkd ;SrK /ila .kq ,eìK joka | uksIa pdkao

f*dgf,aidys ±ä ysre rYañh weia fnd| lrjk iq¿h' tfy;a ke.S tk BRICS wd¾Ólhkaf.a kdhlhka f.a oEia fnd| fkdjqkq w;r Tjqka jvd fyd¢ka ish¿ foh .%yKh lr.;af;da cQ,s 15 jk Èk BRICS u.ska fufyhjk kj ixj¾Ok nexl=j (NDB) wdrïN l<y'

f.da,h S uQ,Hh kej; is;h s ï .; lrñka ngysr u.ska wêldßh m;=rejk f.dA,h S uQ,H ie,iqu kej; is;h s ï.; lsÍfï ;SrKd;aul mshjr ;nñka BRICS iuq¿fjka uQ,drïN flreKq NDB ys wruqK jkafka ke.S tk wd¾Ólhkag

jfï isg ol=Kg( reishdkq ckdêm;s õ,eÈó¾ mQàka uy;d( bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d( n%iS, ckdêm;sksh ä,aud rEfika ñh( Ök ckdêm;s lais ðkamska.a uy;d yd ol=Kq wm%sldkq ckdêm;s cdfldí iqud uy;d

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

yjq,aldß;ajh

bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d reishdkq ckdêm;s õ,eÈó¾ mQáka uy;d iu.

yd úYd, jQ ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g m%d.aOkhla iys; kj ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ m%Odk uQ,H myiqlï iemhSfï úl,am uQ,dY%h njg m;a úOdhl ks,Odß jkq we;af;a bkaÈhdkqfjls' ùuhs' wjika jYfhka" ixj¾Okh jk rgj,g fuys uQ,l s iyNd. m%d.aOkh we'fvd' ì,shk 50 mYapd;a hqO fn%Ükajâ q ia wdh;kj, wiuñ;Ska la jk w;r th uQ,drïNl idudðlhka w;r rys; jQ ;ukaf.au ixj¾Ok iufia fnfohs' iyfhda.; s djh biau;= nexl=jla ,eî we;' fï ms<n s |j jQ flfrñka wjidkfhaÈ tla tla rgj,a idlÉPdjka wjika fudfydf;aÈ nexl=j fj; ,nd§u yd ,nd .ekSu we'fvd' ì,shk id¾:l jQfha kdhlhka NDB ys u; kdhl;ajh ,nd foñka ;uka 100 l wkqo;a ieleiau iudkd;au;d m%;m s ;a;h s fj; hula ,nd .ks' fuu lKavdhu m%d.aOkhla iys; u; f.dv ke.Su i|yd tl`. fjñks' ;=< úYd,;u wd¾Ólh we;s yd úfoia kj ixj¾Ok tfukau øjYS,; s d w¾nqohla mek úksuh ixÑ;hkaf.a á%,h s k ;=kla ke.=kq hï fufyd;l uQ,Huh iys; Ökh Iexyhsys È nexl=j ia:dmkh nexl=fõ wdrlaIl mshjrla f,i fhdod .; lrkq we;s w;r wOHlaI uKav,fha m<uq jk yels we'fvd' ì,shk 100 l uQ,l s uq,a wiqk n%i, S fhkao uKav,fha uq,a m%Odk úOdhl m%udKhlska hq;= BRICS wdm;sl iNdm;s j rhd reishdfjkao m;a jkq we;' ks,Odßjrhd ixÑ; ie,eiaugo yhjk iuq¿j ol= K q wm% l s dj u.ska NDB ys wm%l s dkq jkq we;af;a ;=<È w;aika ;eìK' fuu m%Odk l,dmSh uOHia:dkh ia:dmkh flfrkq bkaÈhdkqfjls uQ,drïNhkaf.a iaMálslrKhka iu. we;'fuu nexl=j iïnkaOj kjÈ,a,h s g ke.S BRICS n,hka f,dj bÈßfha b;d úfYaI iïnkaOhla we;af;a fuu ;yjqre lr we;af;a BRICS hkq yqfola woyi u;=j fhdackd lrk ,oafoa 2012 l;d idmamj q la fkdj f,dal rgdj kej; is;h s ï .; kjÈ,a,s iuq¿fõÈ ksidh' BRICS iuq¿fõ uyd lsÍu i|yd jk n,.;= fuj,ula njhs' uKav, ieisfhaÈ bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä" BRICS nexl=fõ idrh fufia leáfldg ±laùh' NDB ys m<uq bka§h m%Odk zzjir follg fmr kjÈ,a,s iuq¿fõÈ u;=jQ úOdhl ks,Odß kj ixj¾Ok nexl=jla ms<n s | o¾Ykh" we'fvd' ì,shk 100 l uQ,l s wkqo;a h:d¾;hla njg mßj¾;khj we;' tu.ska

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BRICS cd;skg a m%;, s dN i,ikq we;s w;r fjk;a ixj¾Okh

fjñka mj;sk cd;Skg a iyh olajkq we;' ixj¾Okh jk rgj,a f,i th wm w;a±lSïj, uq,a nei .kakjd we;'ZZ

Wml%ñl bv m%i: a djka

yhjk BRICS iuq¿j u.ska wka;¾ in|;djhkaf.a Wml%ñl j¾Okh;a we*a.ksi: a dkfha isg wm%l s dj olajd jk mq¿,a l,dmhka ;=< úys§ hñka iduQyl s m%;m s ;a;"s ;%i; a jdoh yd ihsn¾ wdrlaIdj hkdÈh we;=¿ f.dA,h s yd l,dmSh ms<n s |j .eg¿ ms<n s | ±lau talrdYs lsÍu;a isÿúh' BRICS ys jeo.;a nj u;= jkafka rdcH;dka;l s% ;ajh mokï jQ úi÷ï i|yd WoafoaYkh lsÍu ;=<;a l,dmSh w¾nQohka fj; wduka;K % h lsÍfïÈ ngysr wêldßjdÈ iïndOl u; mokï jq b;d ±ä m%;m s ;a;h s g m%;ú s frdaê ms<f s j;la wkq.ukh lsÍu ;=<;a jk w;r brdkh" brdlh" .did ys m%pkav;ajh" isßhdj" ueo fmrÈs. idu l%h s dj,sh yd we*a.ksi: a dkh hkdÈ wiykldß ;;ajhka mj;sk m%foaY ms<n s |j jk iduqyl s wdia:dkh u.ska th meyeÈ<s fjhs' BRICS

ys lghq;=

f.dA,h S wd¾Ól wia:djr;ajhkaf.a wj j¾Okhka ueo fuu iuq¿j ;=<È wka;¾ BRICS wd¾Ól" fj<| yd wdfhdack iyfhda.; s djh m%j¾Okh i|yd Yla;u s ;a wä;d,ï ouñka zzBRICS wd¾Ól iyfhda.; s d Wml%uhZZ yd zzióm wd¾Ól yjq,l a dß;ajhla i|yd BRICS ie,eiauZZ i|yd jk fhdackdjka i|yd kdhlhkaf.a iyh ,eìK' rgj,a mfya m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßkaf.ka hql; a jk BRICS jHdmdßl ljqki a , s h BRICS rgj,a w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.; s djh j¾Okh lsÍu Wfoid jHdmdßl ùid ,nd .ekSu yd fjk;a mámdáuh ndOl wju lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï ilia flßKs' BRICS ck;d-flakø a l s

lsÍu

bkaÈhdj ms<n s |j jk ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jkafka fuu tl;=j jvd ck;d flakøa lsÍug yd zzm%;M s ,odhs fõÈldjlaZZ njg m;a lsÍu i|yd fudaä uy;df.a woyia yd fhdackd BRICS kdhlhka úiska ms<. s ekSuhs' wkd.;fhaÈ ck;d flakøa l S lsÍfï mshjrhka jkq we;af;a BRICS ;reK úoHd{hkaf.a ixioh" BRICS NdId mdi,a yd BRICS úYaj úoHd,h ia:dms; lsÍu jeks wOHdmkh yd fi!LH fCIa;h % kaf.a isÿjk uQ,drïNhkah'

ihjekak" bÈßhg hdug Woafhda.j s

ihjeks jif¾ isák BRICS ;ju;a kj CIs;c s hka .fõIKh lsÍug fjr orK wxl+r nyqmd¾Yaùh tl;=jls' NDB hkq ngysr isg wfkl=;a rgj,a olajd isÿjk fhdaO n, yqjudrejl ixfla;hla jk w;r th ixj¾Okh jk f,dalh ;=< wjxl wdh;khla ia:dmkh lsÍu yd jvd m%cd;dka;l s% f,dal rgdjla ieliSu i|yd BRICS kdhlhkaf.a we;s iduqyl s m%h;akhhs' fuys uQ,drïNhka ck;djg we;s in|;djh uqjy;a lsÍfï yd wOHdmkh yd kfjda;m a dohka fj;ska cjh ,nk yjq,l a drs;j a h j¾Okh lsÍfï m%h;akhka iu. ixl,kh lrkq ,enqjfyd;a th ixj¾Okh jk f,dalfha wNs,dIhka i|yd lÈu ksjykla jkq we;'

bkaÈhdj yd ,;ska wfußldj( fuh iqyo nj i|yd ld,hhs' ,;ska wfußldfõ h<s msì§u iurñka BRICS ;u m<uqjk /iaùu n%iS,h" wd¾ckaákdj" fjksishq,dj" blajfodarh" fldf,dïìhdj" mSre" Wre.=fõ" mer.=fõ" .hkd yd iqqßkdï hk ol=Kq wfußld rgj, kdhlhkaf.ao iyNd.s;ajfhka cQ,s 16 jk Èk n%is,shdfõ meje;aúKs' rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ yd meíf,da fkrEvd lúhka f.kyer olajñka ol=Kq wfußldkq kdhlhka fj; ióm jQ kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d úYd, bka§h vhiafmdardjlg ksfjia jQ yd fvd,¾ á%,shk myl taldnoaO o'foa'ks' Wreulï lshkakdjq j¾Okh ù kef.k fuu l,dmh iu. in|;d meje;aùug kjÈ,a,shg we;s jqjukdj ms<sn|j l;d lf<ah' zziqkaor;ajfha" wjia:djkaf.a yd WKqiqï ñksiqkaf.a fuu fY%aIaG uydoaùmhZZ f,i ol=Kq wfußldj ye¢kajQ Tyq fj<|du" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" fg,s- ffjoH úoHdj yd Odß;d j¾Okh yd iïnkaO wjia:djka .Kkdjla ta fj; ms<s.kajkq ,enqfõh' tfukau fudaä uy;d .hkd" iqßkdï yd mSre iu. oaúmd¾Yaúl idlÉPd i|yd fjk fjku tys kdhlhka o uqK .eisKs' ±kqu u.ska cjh ,nk yjq,aldß;ajh bÈßhg hñka mj;s' w.ue;sjrhd ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,a ;=< úYsIag;ajh i|yd jk f;dr;=re ;dlaIK uOHia:dk ia:dmkh lrk njg iy;sl fldg mjid isáfhah' tfukau Tyq fg,s-ffjoH úoHdj" fg,swOHdmkh" b-md,kh yd ld,.=K f;dr;=re wkdjels" iïm;a is;shï .; lsÍu yd wdmod l<uKdlrKh i|yd wjldY wjia:d fhdod .ekSu hkdÈh ;=<ska bkaÈhdfõ m%ùK;ajh fnodyod .ekSu ms<sn|jo mjid isáfhah'

fuu f,aLlhd India Writes Network, www.indiawrites ys m%Odk ixialdrjrhdh

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yjq,aldß;ajh

bkaÈhdfõ f;dr;=re ;dlaIK

m%ùK;djh f,dj n,.kajhs

bkaÈhdkq ;dlaIK yd f;dr;=re iyfhda.s;djh (ITEC) jev igyfka wruqK jkqfha ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk ifydaor rgj,a iu. ±kqu yd l=i,;djh fnodyod .ekSuh' f,dj m%uqL;u f;dr;=re ;dlaIK yd iïnkaO wdh;khka .Kkdjla úiska wfmalaIlhska i|yd id¾:lj mqyqKqj imhkq ,nhs joka | iÍgd n%drd

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úYaf,aIK yd j,d (SMAC)" lD;su nqoaêh yd noaOjQ moaO;Ska hkdÈh l¾udka;fha Ôjkd,sh njg m;aj we;' BPO" bxðfkareuh ld¾hhka" m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok (R&D) yd uDÿldx. bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ;=< jvd;au .;sl ksIamdok yereKqfldg f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajd wxY w;ßka tlla njg f;dr;=re ks¾hd; wxYh jvd;au fõ.fhka ;dlaIKh m;aj we;' wo jk j¾Okh jk njg wfmalaIs; w;r úg fuu l¾udka;h bkaÈhdfõ tys jißka jir j¾Okh ishhg 14 zzuDÿ n,hZZ wd¾Ól j¾Okhg rel=,a imhkjd lg jeäjkq we;' f,i ye¢kafjk muKla fkdj cd;Hka;rj 2013 jif¾È bkaÈhdj" f.da,Sh bkaÈhdfõ wef.a m%;srEmh mßj¾;khgo uQ,dY%lrK (sourcing) fõÈldj ;=< f;dr;=re ,la lr we;' bkaÈhdfõ zzuDÿ tys fj<|fmd, m%udKhka ishhg 55 ;dla IK fCIa;h % n,hZZ fyj;a f;dr;=re ;dlaIK la fjñka m%Odk;u ia:dkh Wiq,hs' miq.h s jir l¾udka;fha iuia; j¾Okh m%Odk;u ixj¾ê; fj<|fmd,j,a myl ld,h mqrd miq.sh mia jir ;=< wdYap¾hu;a wo jk úg ;u ;r`.ldß;ajh jeä wdYap¾hu;a f,i jQfha ishhg 10'3 l j¾Okhla lr.kq msKsi IT/ITES i|yd bkaÈhdj j¾Okh úh jd¾;d lrñks' 2013 - 14 ;=< uQ,dY%lrKh lr.ks' ixj¾Okh bkaÈhdkq f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" fjñka mj;sk rgj,a bkaÈhdj foi f;dr;=re u.ska flfrk fiajdjka n,kafka f;dr;=re ;dlaIK wxYh (ITES) ys wdodhu we'fvd' ì,shk 105 la njg ;=< Odß;d ixj¾Okh yd yelshd j¾Okh imhd ;lafiare lr we;' iudc udOH" ixp,;djh" fok uQ,dY%hla f,ighs' Tng ±kqu we;aakï" wka whg tys myka o,ajkak bv fokak' ud.%Ü *q,¾

Wiia mß.Kl Ndú; ixj¾Okh ms<sn| uOHia:dkfha ITEC isiqka f;dr;=re ;dlaIK mqyqKq ieishlÈ

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yjq,aldß;ajh

1964 È bkaÈhdj u.ska Èh;a l< ITEC (NIIT), CMC, Aptech Limited yd Wiia mß.kl jevigyfka tla wruqKla jkafka ±kqu yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jk ^CDAC) uOHia:dkh yelshdj ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk jeks m%uqL;u f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ifydaor rgj,a iu. fnod yod yd iïnkaO wdh;k .Kkdjla .ekSuhs' wfkHdakH m%;s,dN i|yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk .=jka .uka iyfhda.s;djh yd yjq,aldß;ajh rgj, wfmalaIlhkag mqyqKqj .dia;=" mdGud,d ms<sn| jevigykla f,i m%;HlaI ,nd fohs' uQ,sl f;dr;=re .dia;= we;=¿j flreKq ITEC" m%;spdrdNsuqL ;dlaIKh" wka;¾cd, l=i,;d" ITEC mqyqKq fjhs' wjYH jD;a;Sh yelshdfjka fjí ixj¾Okh yd ks¾udKh" jev igyka ikakoaO lsÍu i|yd yd Èfkka fjí yd wekafv%dhsâ fhojqï" i|yd iuia; Èk ;r.ldß jk f,djg iQodkï Ñ;%l ks¾udKh" mß.Kl cd, úhou bka§h lsÍu i|yd bkaÈhdj ixj¾Okh ms,sn| uQ,sl yd Wiia mdGud,d" rch u.ska fjñka mj;sk rgj, mqrjeishkag b-jdKscHh we;=¿ jHdmdßl mqyqKqj ,nd foa' fuu miqìu u;h ikaksfõokh" f;dr;=re yd cd, orkq ,nhs ITEC yd tys ifydaor SCAAP jev wdrlaIdj ms<sn| mqyqKq jev igyk" igyk ;=< miq.sh jir oYlh mqrd b- md,k fhojqï ixj¾Okh f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh jeo.;a ixrplhla jQfha' ms<sn| úfYaI{;d jev igyk" IP ;dlaIKh f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ms<sn| cd;sl wdh;kh yd o;a; ikaksfõokh" mß.Kl oDVdx. yd

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK mqyqKq ieishla w;r ;=r

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

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cd,lrKh" j,d mß.Kl wdrlaIl ixl,amh ±ka isx.mamQrefõ memqjd ksõ.sks ;dkdm;s yd kdulrKhka f;areï .ekSu u.ska ihsn¾ ld¾hd,fha f;jk f,alï f,i lghq;= lrhs' wmrdO wju lsÍu we;=¿ fjk;a f;dr;=re b;ssfhdamshdfõ fgfld,hska fuf,dams mjikafka ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSu Linux yd Windows Tyq ,nd .;a ±kqu wfmaCIs; uÜgug;a jvd jeks fufyhqï moaO;s i|yd wdrlaIdj jeä njh' bkaÿkSishdfõ Lhsre,a,dya ysiahdï hkdÈ fCIa;%hka ;=< mqyqKqj ,nd §u wíÿ,a ridla bx.%Sis yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK i|yd mdGud,djka ilid we;' bx.%Sis NdId l=i,;d mdGud,djla iïmQ¾K l< w;r bka§h m%ùK;djho fuu mdGud,dj, tl fldgils' mqyqKqj fya;=fjka ;u YsIH;ajh mYapd;a Wmdê fndfyda mdGud,d i;s y;f¾ isg 12 olajd mdGud,djla lsÍug Ndú; l< f,i yef`.k Èfjk w;r .=jka .dia;=" mdGud,d .dia;=" nj mjihs' zzITEC jevigyfkka miq uu Ôjk §ukd" ffjoH úhoï yd fmd;a m%odk Tiafg%s,shdkq YsIH;ajhlg iDcqju whÿï l<d' hkdÈho we;=,;a ish¨ úhoï orkq uu ±ka TiafÜ%,shdfõ *a,skav¾ia ,nkafka bka§h rchhs' yjq,aldß úYaj úoHd,fha wOHdmkh yd rgj,a u; wksis uQ,Huh nrla ufkda úoHdj ms<sn| mYapd;a fuu jHdmD;s megùug bka§h rch ish¨ Wmdêhla yodrkjd' úYd, jYfhka fjk;a rgj,g l%shd ud¾. .ks' fyda iaj,am jYfhka uf.a fuu oDVdx. yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk iyNd.s;ajh bjy,a jQjd mYapd;a mqyqKq myiqlï cd;ska fj;ska oyia .Kka ckhdg Wmdêh i|yd YsIH;ajh ,nd imhkjdg f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh we;=,;aj .eksugZZ Tyq mjihs' wu;r mqyqKq ;ud reÑ lrk fCIa;% ms<sn|j zzITEC fj; wdfhdackh uOHia:dk jk mdGud,d 250 lg wdikak lsÍfuka bka§h rch lr we;s iajhxfmdaIs; m%udKhlska f;aÍï lsÍug yelshdj l%shdj b;du;a hym;a' tu.ska njgo m;a lrhs ,eî we;' ±kqñka yd w;a±lSfuka f,dj mqrd ck;djf.a yelshdjka fmdfydi;a ùug wu;rj fuu Yla;su;a lrkjd muKla mdGud,d Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Suh ;;ajh fkdj úfYaIfhkau ixj¾Okh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍugo Woõ ù we;' fjñka mj;sk rgj, yelshdjka Yla;su;a fjí ks¾udKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| lrkjd'ZZ fnkska ys fldï,ka frdäß.= mdGud,djla iïmQ¾K l< isïndífõys wishdfldjq mjihs' isjkdhs ueTfkfla ITEC fj; fufia ,Sfõh' fjk;a ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g zzwmf.a m%foaYfha l%shd;aul jk rdcH fkdjk bkaÈhdj ,nd fok iydfha tla jeo.;a mshjrla ixúOdkhka (NGO) i|yd ud o;a; mokula jkafka ixj¾Ok yjq,aldß;aj mßmd,khhs ixj¾Okh l<d' tu.ska ug mq¿,a ms<s.e ^DPA)' DPA u.ska jHdmD;s M,odhs yd ld,dkqrEm ksula ,eî ;sfnkjd'ZZ memqjd ksõ.skshdys f,i jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug;a úYsIag;ajh f*%vd f*d,sfyda bx.%Sis yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK i|yd jk f;dr;=re ;dlaIK uOHia:dk l=i,;d mdGud,djla iïmQ¾K lf<ah' Tyq ia:dms; lsßug;a moku ilid we;' f;dr;=re mjikafka ITEC jevigyk Tyqg jD;a;suh ;dlaIK fCIa;%h ;=< bkaÈhdfõ Y+rNdjh jYfhka fndfyda fia Wmldß jQ njhs' Tyq m%o¾Ykh lrñka fuu jHdmD;s fjk;a rgj,g

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oDvd x. yd mqyqKq myiqlï imhkjd muKla ;j;a rgj,a 10 la - fndfyduhla fkdj jir folla we;=,; tu uOHia:dk wm%sldkq uydoaùmhg wh;a rgj,ah- ;=< iajhxfmdaIs; njgo m;a lrhs' uQ,sl f;dr;=re f;dr;=re ;dlaIK uOHia:dk msysgqúug ;dlaIKhg wu;rj úúO rgj, tu fCIa;%fha fhdackd fjñka we;' fuhska lSmhla b;d mqfrda.dñ ixúOdk /ilg Wiia oDvdx. yd blaukska l%shd;aul jkq we;' fuu jHdmD;s uDÿldx. mqyqKqj ,nd foñka isá' §¾>ld,skj l%shd;aul ùu i|yd by< ld¾h idOk mß.Kl wfkHdakH ixpdr yd kj;u (HPC) Ndú;h jeks Wiia f;dr;=re ;dlaIK Wml%u jk jeä jYfhka ;dlaIKhka ms<sn| mqyqKqjo ùäfhda ixjdo jeks foa yryd wm%l s dkq fuu.ska ,nd fokq ,efí' bkaÈhdj wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajfhka bkaÈhdj uydoaùmfha jk u.ska ixj¾Okh l< iajfoaYsl yd wfkl=;a m%;s,dNS rgj, rgj,a 10 l jQ by< ld¾h idOk mß.klh f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úfYaI{hka muK m%udKhla jk PARAM iqmsß mß.Klh yqjudre lsÍu hkdÈh u.ska fuu ;=< f;dr;=re wd¾fïkshdj" lghq;= il%sh fjñka we;' ;dlaIK gekaidkshdj wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha úúO uOHia:dk yd ;j;a rgj, ia:r ;=< Odß;d j¾Okh ia:dms; lsÍfï ia:dmkh lr we;' isÿlrk w;r ;=r bkaÈhdj ;u fhdackd bkaÈhdkq f;dr;=re uDÿ n,h ;=<skao ixj¾Okh jk ;dlaIK yelshdj rgj, ck;dj n,d;aul lsÍug blauksku a u.ska m%;s,dN h;ak orñka isá' fuu jif¾ uq,a l%h s d;aul ,enQ rgj,a w;rg Nd.fhaÈ flaïì%Ê" ydjâ úYaj jkq we; fn,dreia" reishdj" úoHd, weu;= ysgmq úfoaY f,alï ;ðlsia:dkh yd YHdï irka m%ldY l< mßÈ zzwmf.a Wiafnlsia:dkh;a CIS l,dmh" iyfha wruqK jkafka j¾Okh ùfï yelshdj ,;ska wfußldkq l,dmfha mSre" jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi yjq,aldß rgj, wd¾Ólh blajfodarh;a CLMV rgj,a yd udkj Odß;dj by< kexúuhs'ZZ mq¿,a jQ w;r ldïfndach" ,d´ih yd we.hsug yd iïNdjkdjg m;aj we;af;a fuu úhÜkduh;a fjhs' ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;djhh'

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Grenada

kfjda;amdok

n,.;=

úma,jhla bkaÈhdfõ Jaipur Foot fldf,dïìhdkq cd;slhkag kj wdrlaIdjla f.k ths joka | jkaokd jdiqfoajka

isref¾ my; wjhj i|yd jk lD;su wjhj u.ska idudkH Ôú;hg ióm Èúhla .; lsÍug ck;djg yels ù we;

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kfjda;amdok

;dlaIKhg iSud udhsï fkdue;' N.ajdka uydù¾ i|yd lD;su wjhj ksIamdokh fldg iú lrkq úla,dx.a iydh;d iñ;s (BMVSS cdhsmQ¾& yd ,nhs' tfia wjhj fþokhg ,la jQjkag kej;;a fuâ,skays uydù¾ lañkd lD;su wjhj uOHia:dkh p,kh ùfï yelshdj ,nd ÿka th Tjqkg idudkH ^fldf,dïìhdj& úiska isÿlrk ld¾hNdrh mqoa.,sl Ôú;hg ióm Ôú;hla Wod lr ÿkafkah' wdh;k yd mqoa.,hska úiskao isÿ lrkafka kï 2007 § Tjqkf a .a W;aidyh ms<n s |j wjOdkh f,dalh óg jvd hym;a ;ekla jq we;' fhduql< bkaÈhdfõ BMVSS, lD;su Jaipur Foot i|yd m%isoaO BMVSS wjhj ;ekSfï yd iúlsÍfï ;dCIKsl 1975 isg bkaÈhdfõ wvq wdodhï,dNs ±kqu Tjqka fj; ,nd ÿkafkah' wjhj fï jk f;la ck;djg isref¾ my; wjhj i|yd fþokhkag ,la jQjkag Jaipur Foot u.ska ol=Kq wfußldj lD;su wjhjhka fkdñf,a imhkq jvd blaukska iqjh ,nd fok w;r ta mqrd isák ,efí' fuu ixúOdkh u.ska Jaipur i|yd wvq ld,hla ;=< yev .eisug ck;dj 2"000 Foot fyj;a cdhsmq¾ mdoh ndysr bvlv ,nd fohs' uydù¾ lañkdys lg wêl wegiels,a,la wdldrhg ixj¾Okh wOHlaI uKav,Sh idudðlfhla jk msßilg isref¾ lr we;s w;r th f,dj we;s ÈhqKq;u *%ekaii s f a lda fudkalf,afkda fufia my; wjhj lD;su wjhj njg m;aj we;' mjihs' zzuqo, i|yd jk jákdlu yd i|yd lD;su f,dj mqrd we;s ixj¾Okhka wvq msßjeh wkqj n,k úg BMVSS ys wjhj ,nd§ we; ms<sn|j m%;HNs{dkfhka hq;= jQ Jaipur Foot ;rï wk¾> ksIm a dokhla fldf,dïìhdfõ mqoa.,sl iud.ï ;j;a keye' fldf,dïìhdfõ uydù¾ lKavdhula iudchg kej;;a fi!Nd lañkd isÿlrk iudc ld¾hhkao .Hh Wodlr,Sfï ld¾hh i|yd tla frdla úh' 2007 bkaÈhfõ fukau fkdñf,a isÿl< hq;h = s hk jif¾È fldf,dïìhdfõ fuâ,ska m%dka;fha isÿjQ fldkafoaih s u; wmg ish¿u ;dlaIKh ,nd §ug fuu ksy~ úma,jh ±ka uydù¾ lañkd lD;su wjhj fuu ixúOdkh lreKdjka; jqKd'ZZ uOHia:dkh njg m;aj we;' Tjqka wjhj fþokhg Jaipur Foot ms<sn|j m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh ,lajQjka i|yd msßjeh rys; isref¾ my; wjhj lsÍfï,d BMVSS yg jir 30 lg wêl ld,hl

ksIamdokh lsÍfï yd iú lsÍfï ;dCIKsl ±kqu bkaaÈhdfõ BMVSS u.ska uydú¾ lañkd fj; ,nd fok ,È

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BMVSS ys

lD;su wjhj iú lsÍfï l%uh mokï jkafka YÍr ie,iqu u;hs

bkamiq iïmQ¾K ieliquu BMVSS fj; ,nd ÿkakd'ZZ ksmqK;djhla we;' iEu jirlu weú§ug" Èúug" fudkal,fkda mjihs' Jaipur Foot iu. noaO lsÍfï ke.sàug" k¾;kfha fh§ug yd nhsisl,a meÈug l%ufõoh tx.,ka;fha rdclSh ,sj¾mQ,a úYaj úoHd, Wmldß jk lD;su wjhj 16"000 lg wêl frday, u.skoa ms<. s kq ,eìKs' m%udKhla Tjqka úiska ia:dmkh flf¾' by< tlai;a ckmofha iageka*¾â úYaj úoHd,h bxðfkareuh .=Khlska hq;a ma,diaála j¾.hlska u.ska ixj¾Okh lrk ,o oKysig by< lD;su ksIamdÈ; fuh lïmkhg" ld,.=Khg yd wjhj yd oKysia wjhjhlao ±ka Tjqka Ndú;d f;;ukhg Tfrd;a;= fok w;r wiu ìula u; lrñka isá' weúÈu i|yd mDIaÁh keïulao iys;h' zzBMVSS u.ska Stanford knee ;lafiare lr we;s wdldrhg lD;su wjhj mßmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lr we;' TIME fldf,dïìhfõ isref¾ my; wjhj u.ska weúoSug iÕrdjg wkqj th fY%aIaG;u fidhd fýokh lsÍug ,lajQjkaf.a uq¿ .ekSï 50 w;ßka tlls' tfukau ixLHdj 20"000ls' uydù¾ lañkd muKla fkdj Tjqka lD;su mdo ksIamdokh isref¾ my; wjhj i|yd lD;su Èúug" .ia m%ñ;slrKh ms<sn| l%shdj,sfha wjhj ,nd §u u.ska fldf,dïìhdj ke.Su yd ksr;jk w;r fndfyda úg fukau blajfodarh" Ñ,s" á%ksvEâ yd k¾;kh i|ydo wkd.;fhaÈ th j¾;udk sach foot fgdndf.da iy mekud jeks rgj, iyh ,efnhs (Solid Ankle Cushion Heel) fjkqjg wjhj fþokh ,enQjka 2000 lg wêsl Ndú;hg meñfKaú'ZZ m%udKhlg Wmldr fldg we;' BMVSS ys fuu iduqyl s W;aijh t,a zzuq,k s u a BMVSS u.ska cdhsm¾ q ysÈ fldf,dïìhdkq fldf,dïìhdfkda mqj;a m; u.ska we.hSug ,la jQ ld¾ñlhka fofokl= mqyK q q l<d' bkamiq isÿjQ kj w;r f.!rjKSh t,a fldf,dïìhdfkda tceïma,¾ fidhd .ekSï ksid Tjqka kej; mqyK q ù q u i|yd o iïudkfhkao msÿï ,eîh' Wmldr wjYH jQjka iyNd.s jqKd' BMVSS ys lD;su wjhj noaO lsÍu y÷kd.ekSug;a Tjqkf a .a Èúh h<s idudkH u.g mokï jkafka YÍr ieleiau u;' tksid noaO lsÍfï f.k taug;a jk uydú¾ lañkd ys fufyjr bÈßhg ld¾hh i|yd meh 36 lg jeä ld,hla hkafka .uka lrhs' keye' ieliqï l%uh ieliqfõ uydù¾ lañkd úisk'a

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kfjHda;amdok

uQ,hka

fidhd

T!Iëh weÕ¿ï kj;u m%jK;djh fjñka yd idïm%odhsl fudaia;rhka kQ;k we÷ï me<÷ï irijñka isák fï fudfydf;a mqrd;k bka§h frÈms<s —kj˜ bkaÈhdj nn,jñka isáhs joka | fkaydßld ud;+¾ isxyd

Y;j¾I .Kkla ;siafia mej;s yd mßlaId lrk ,ÿj mqrd;k bkaÈhdfõ m%{dj wog;a i;Hhlaj mj;S' wmf.a uq;=kañ;a;ka úYsIag;ajhg m;ajQ tla jeo.;a lafIa;%hla jkafka jir 5"000lg;a bmerKs ffjoH l%uh jQ wdhq¾fõoh yd th m%;sM,odhS f,i frÈms<s i|yd Ndú;d lsÍuhs' T!Iëh .=Kfhka msß oE j,ska úfYaIfhka úhk ,o frÈms<s i|yd T!Iëh j¾Khka fhdok ,o w;r bka tu frÈms<s weÕ,d .kakkag iqjm;a ùfï .=Khla ,nd fok ,§' tneúka .%SIau ld,j,§ tu frÈms<s Tng isis, ,nd fok w;r wdid;añl;djhka j,lajd wê reêr mSvkh" yoj;a frda." weÿu" wd;rhsàia yd ifï frda. iqjm;a lrjhs' ishjia .Kkla mfilg oud ;snQ fuu iïm%odh m%Odk fmf,a fudaia;r Ys,amSka yd j.lsj hq;= ixúOdk u.ska h,s m%dKj;a fldg fi!LH ys;ldó núka msßmqka we÷ï me<÷ï ks¾udKh lr we;' flar<fha wdhQ¾jia;% Ys,amh Èhjeähdj yd ifï ms<sld iqj lrk T!Iëh me,Eá Ndú;fhka frÈms<s j¾K .kajhs' fuu iïm%odh mej;f.k tkq ,enQfha flar< rch u.ska bÈßm;a l< jHdmD;shla ;=,ska úhkakkaf.a iñ;sh u.sks' 1922 isg Tjqka lD;Su ridhk øjH j,ska f;dr Èrdm;a jk —mßirfrÈms<s˜ ksIamdokh lrñka isáhs' tfuka Tjqka w¿; Wmka <orejka i|yd m%;sYla;sh jeä lrkd we÷ïo ixj¾Okh lr we;' uE;l§ bka§h l=¿ nvq uKav,h úiska mßir ys;ldó l=¿ nvq u; mokï jQ frÈms<s j¾.hla y÷kajd ÿka w;r thg iqjm;a lsÍfï øjHhka wvx.=h' tajdfha j¾Kl j,g úfYaIfhka ñY% lrk ,o T!Iëh me,Eá" u,a" uq,a yd fmd;= j¾. 40 isg 60l m%udKhla wvx.=h' wyuodndoays ´rd y¾n,a fjhd¾ u.ska ldnksl frÈ j¾.hka ^ridhk øjH

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—mßir frÈms<s˜ is; k,jk j¾Khkaf.a ,nd.; yels w;r Tfí iug wdYajdihg bv i,ihs'

wvx.= fkdjQ m,sfndaO kdIl Ndú;fhka j.d l< lmq j,ska ilik ,o& ksIamdoh lrk w;r —.=Kd;aul ;;ajfhka yd fudaia;rfhka cd;Hka;r ;;ajfha˜ we;s ksIamdok ieliSu i|yd mßir ys;ldó l%shdj,Ska ;=,ska ,nd .kakd j¾K fhdod th msßhï lrk nj tys m%drïNl wOHlaI fidkd,a nhsoa mjihs' m%Odk;u bka§h fudaia;r ks¾udK Ys,amsfhl= jk cáka fldÉpd¾" o fõäla lf,laIka ys m%Odk iqj;d ks,OdÍ jk oaú;d lfkdaßhd iu. tlaù g;d jia;%ï keue;s ldnksl lmq jia;% y÷kajd § we;' —T!Iëh weÕ¿ïj, iqjm;a lsÍfï .=Kh yd tys Ndú;h mokï jkafka tys iam¾Ih ms<sn|j jk ms<sfj; u;hs' th YÍrh iu. iam¾I jk úg tys úIîc ;=rka ù mßjD;a;Sh ls%hdj jeä ÈhqKq jkjd'˜ Èú;d úia;r lrhs' fuu l;dfõ ;j;a md¾Yajhla fjhs' tkï idïm%odhsl fudaia;r yd rgdjka tys ckms%h;djh kej; ,nd .kafka flfiao yd tajd kQ;k we÷ï me<÷ï i|yd fhdod .kafka flfiao hkakhs' ieneúkau w;ska úhk ,o frÈ Ndú;fhka idh yd l,siïo ksmojkq ,nhs' È,a,f s ha NGO SEWA Bharat u.ska m%j¾Okh lrk ,o Loom Mool ikakduh" ldka;d we÷ï" msßñ we÷ï" <ud we÷ï" yd .Dyia; Wmdx. ks¾udKh i|yd bka§h l,djka yd Ys,m a ld,Sk f,i fhdod .kS'

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kfjHda;amdok

iEu ksIamdokhlau isÿlrkq ,nkafka SEWA u.ska ixúê; Ys,amSka jk w;r tu Ys,amSkaf.a Ôjfkdamdh mj;ajdf.k hd yels jk mßÈ ksrka;r jev rgdjla fhdod .efka' kj È,a,sfha Loom Mool we÷ï fj<|ie, N.,amQ¾ ^ìyd¾& ys Ys,amSka w;ahka;% u.ska ilik fiao lmq yd ,skka frÈ uE;loS bka§h fcdaèmQ¾ ^rdcia;dka& ys Ys,amSkaf.a l=¿nvq uKav,h w,xldr j¾Ks; tye-and-dye frÈms<so u.ska mßir weKjqï lrhs' —wmg wjYHhs wmf.a ksIamdok u.ska iuld,Sk fudaia;r ys;ldó yd yd weÕ¨ï w.hk f.da,Sh mqrjeishd iqjm;a lsÍfï ;Dma;su;a lsÍug;a wfma weÕ¨ï .=Kfhka hq;a u.ska Tjqkag myiqjla ie,iSug;a˜ l=¿nvq wdYs%; Loom Mool ys fudaia;r m%OdkS órd frÈms<s y÷kajd ilafiakd mjihs' fok ,§' ta uE;l§ m%Odk;u bka§h fudaia;r i|yd T!Iëh Ys,amsKshl jk Íkd vld wef.a me,Eá Ndú;d fudaia;r i|yd uydrdIag%fha ysïrE flf¾ frÈms<s fhdodf.k ta i|yd wk¾> fmkqula ,ndÿkakdh' lmq yd fiao j,ska úhk ,o ysïrE" ldYaórfha cudj¾ f,i y÷kajk úhqï l%uhla ;=,ska Wm; ,oaols' ieneúkau bkaÈhdfõ iïm%odhka iodyß; jk w;r cd;sfha ks¾udKd;aul ls%hdj,sh i|yd wkqm%dKh imhhs' n;sla jeks iduqm%odhsl rgd kQ;k à-I¾á yd l,siï i|yd fhdod .kS'

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újrK

mdis

l;dj

úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha uyck rdfcHdamdh uQ,drïNhka jk lsid-ta-mdis ^mdis l;dj& kï Ñ;%mgh meh Nd.hla ;=<È mdis m%cdj yd Tjqkaf.a b;sydih ms<sn| ish,a, wkdjrKh lrhs joka | iquka;d rf;da¾

uyck fiajd úldYk Ndrh u.ska ksIamdÈ; lsid-t-mdis ^mdis l;dj& Ñ;%mgh úkdä 30 la mqrd È.yefrk wdYap¾hu;a ks¾udKhls' úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha uyck rdfcHdmdh uQ,drïNhg ieneúkau l;d f;audjla fkdue;s jQjo th wdldr lSmhlgu Tnf.a yoj; iam¾Y lrhs' ir,ju lsjfyd;a fuu Ñ;%mgh mdis m%cdj" Tjqkaf.a b;sydih" fidfrdiag%shdkq úYajdih" úfYaIhka" jHjidhl;ajh" ydiHh yd Tjqkf.a Ôj;aùu" meje;au yd úYsIag;ajhg bjy,a jk ish,a, leá lr .;a;ls' rduqfjka rduqjg Ñ;%mgh È.yefr;au fuys wOHlaIjreka jk isjHd ljiað yd Ys,ams .=,d;s Tnj f.k hkafka mdis m%cdjg ;u ck.ykfha CIh ù hdu uev mj;ajd .ekSu yd iudkju ;u ydiHh /l .ekSu jeo.;a jk whqre fmkajk úia;rd;aul .ukls' fuu Ñ;%mgh flakaø .;jkafka bkaÈhdj iu." úfYaIfhkau mdiska úiskau

tlafldg ;kk ,o uqïndhs iu. Tjqkaf.a jk ine¢hdj u;h' Okjdoh iu. mdiskaf.a we;s tlÕ;djhka" t;l=ÿ jqj;a Tjqkaf.a wdydrj,g Tjqka we¨ï lrkafka ukao hkak;a" Tjqkaf.a ck.ykh wvqfjñka mj;skafka jQj;a fm!reIfhka jeäjkafka ukao hkak;a mdisjrfhl= lsisÿ úgl Wmm%udKslhka" wju jYfhka bÍ.sh 10 fkdaÜgqjlaj;a" ms<sfkd.kafka ukao hkak;a th wmg lshd mdhs' tfukau tys jeo.;au foh jkafka fuys ks¾udKlrejka mjik foh tu m%cdj u.ska mßlaId lr fmkaúuhs' uqkakdNdhs yskaÈ Ñ;%mgfha lerï l%Svd lrk mdis ududf.a pß;h rÕ olajk fndó B fvdÜjd,d fuu Ñ;%mgfha mdis m%cdj ms<sn|j iroula lrñka isá' tfukau ì%gekshd friafgdarkaÜ fndauka fldyskQ¾ ys whs;slrejd Tyqf.a yd t,sifn;a uy/ðk w;r we;s wdY%h lshd mdhs' fuh kï kerôh hq;=u Ñ;%mghls'

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újrK

fnod yod .;a ixialD;sl wjldYh

wkqrEmKh lsÍu

bkaÈhdfõ yd Ökfha mqrdK;u YsIagdpdrhka" ixialD;sh yd idys;Hfha yqjudrej yd ck;dj w;r in|;d ;=<ska iqúfYaIs ne¢ula fnod yod .kshs' bka§h - Ök ixialD;sl iïnkaO;d ms<sn| úYajfldaIh th jvd iqmeyeÈ,s f,i m%ldY lrhs joka | indß ñ;%

miq.sh oYlh ;=<" mq¿,a jQ mrdihla ;=< jk .eg¿ /ila i|yd iyfhda.s;ajfha jeo.;alu i,ld ne¨ bkaÿ - Ök in|;djka jeo.;a ld, iSudjka miq lrñka isá' fuu miqìu ;=< fndfyda úoaj;=ka kej; kej;;a fmkajd fokafka rdcH - rdcH w;r jk iSudiys; rduqfjka msg mek ck;dj - ck;dj w;r jk jvd mq¿,a in|;djla we;s lsÍug ixialD;shg yelshdj we;s njhs' tfia jQj;a uE;la jk f;lau bkaÿ Ök in|;dj,È wju jYfhka m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhkag fyda ixialD;sh mej;=fka m%uqL;djhkaaf.a wjika ia:dkfha nj mejish yelsh' flfia fj;;a oaúmd¾Yaúl yd nyqmd¾Yaúl iyfhda.s;djfha ke.S tk yelshdjka wìuqj" m%;sm;a;sj, kej; we.hSula isÿúh' fuf;la l,la fj<|du yd wd¾Ólhg muKla ,nd § ;snq myiqlï imhkakdf.a N+ñldj ixialD;sh f;la b;d ksjerÈj úYd,kh lr ;sîu ienúkau i;=gqodhl yd fhda.H ixj¾Ok mshjrls' b;d wE; w;S;fha isgu bkaÿ Ök in|;d i|yd YsIagdpdruh rduqjlska hq;a mokula ;sìKs' Ydia;%Sh wjfndaOhg wkqj YsIagdpdruh wka;¾ l%shdjka i|yd m%Odk ixrplhka folls' tkï tlsfkld flfrys ksrka;r n,mEula we;s lrk yd ksr;=reju fnodyod .;a w;a±lsula njg m;aajk ixialD;sl yqjudrej yd fjf<| ne£ï h'

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^by<& .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh ;=< úoyd olafjk fn!oaO yqjudre ^my<& úYajfldaIfha ixfla;h

miqìu yd idOdrKSlrKh bkaÈhdj yd Ökh w;r jk Wml%ñl iyfhda.s;d yjq,aldß;ajfha tla Wml%uhla f,i ixialD;sh ks, jYfhka jeo.;a ia:dkhlg m;alr ;sfí' 2005 wfm%a,a 11 jk Èk w.ue;s fjka ðhEfnda yd w.ue;s ukafudayka isx úiska kssl=;a l< taldnoaO m%ldYkfha fufia lsheúK' zzfomd¾Yajhu ixialD;sl fCIa;%h ;=< Yla;su;a yqjudre we;s lr .ekSug leue;a; olajk w;r wfkHdakH wjfndaOh yd ixialD;sl yqjudrej fjk;a fCIa;% ;=< iyfhda.S;ajh j¾Okhgo bjy,ajkq we;s nj ;yjqre lrhs'ZZ 2006 fkdjeïn¾ 21 jk Èk Ök rcfha ckdêm;s yshq ðka ;d´ uy;d bkaÈhdfõ l< ixpdrfhaÈ ksl=;a l< taldnoaO m%ldYfha fufia i|yka fjhs' zzbkaÈhdj yd Ökh w;r ;sridr iudc wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd mq¿,a jQ fCIa;%hka ;=< iyfhda.s;djh i|yd úoHdudk jk úNjhka mQ¾K jYfhka ,Õd lr .eksu i|yd bkaÿ - Ök in|;djhka kj uÜgulg .=Kd;aulj j¾Okh lr .ekSug yd Wml%ñl yd iyfhda.s yjq,aldß;ajh ikd: lsÍu yd n,.ekaúug bkaÈhdj yd Ökh zz10 jeoEreï Wml%uhkaZZ wkq.

ukh lrkq we;' bka tla Wml%uhla jkafka zzixialD;sl ne£ï mqk¾Ôjkh yd ck;dj w;r yqjudrEka fmdaIKh lsÍuZZhs' tneúka 2010 foieïn¾ 16 jkod Ök w.ue;s fjka ðhdfjdaf.a bka§h ixpdrfhaÈ ksl=;a l< bka§h ck rcfha yd Ök iuQydKavqfõ taldnoaO ks, ksfõokh wkqj bkaÿ - Ök ixialD;sl in|;d ms<sn| úYajfldaIhla ieliSfï woyi ksjerÈ ÈYdj fj; flfrk jeo.;a mshjrla f,i ie,lsKs' tys§ woyia flrefka bkaÿ - Ök ixialD;sl in|;dj, Y; j¾I .Kkdjl b;sydih forfÜu ckhdg myiqfjka msúish yels fmdÿ fõÈldjlg f.k tau muKla fkdj wmf.a fnod yod.;a ixialD;sl w;a±lSu ms<sn|j uyck ú{dkh yd úYajdiho f.dvke.Su;ah' fuh rdcH u.ska uq,drïNh imhkakla ksid fuu jHdmD;sh yd tys m%;sM, foaYmd,k wNsu;hl uqødj /f.k tk nj yd rdcH u.ska n,.ekafjk m%pdrhlska iyh ,nk nj meyeÈ,sh'

úIh m:h yd f;audjka bkaÿ - Ök in|;dj, b;sydih jir 2"000 l wE; w;S;hg Èfjhs' th ms<sn|j jk idys;Hh

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újrK

^by< jfï isg oCIsKdj¾;j& bka§h Ök rdcH;dka;%sl in|;d" Ök NslaIQkaf.a wd.ñl iNdj" bkaÈhdkq k¾;khl fhfok Ök k¾;k Ys,amskshla" od¾Yksl yqjudre fmkakqï flfrk .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" Ökfha laiqjekaieka.a wkqiaurK Yd,dfõ we;=,;'

fndfyduhla fm!oa.,slj úoaj;=ka úiska isÿl< li xialD;sl ;dkdm;sjreka yd Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh fyda fuu ixialD;sl yd wOHdmksl Wreuhka u;ska lw OHdmkuh yqjudre ¦ bkaÈhdj ;=< Ök wNsfm%arKh jQ úoaj;=ka iuQyhlf.a W;aidyfha wOHdmkh" Ökh ;=< bka§h wOHdmkh m%;sM,h' Ök md¾Yaajfha keiS .sh uydpd¾h ð fufia olajd we;s f;audjka úia;rd;aul fkdjk laisheka,ska yd bka§hka md¾Yajfha uydpd¾h geka w;r úYajfldaIfha wjika fn§ï yd fldgiaj, pqka.a yd ;j;a fndfyda fokd fuhg odhl ù ieliqu ;SrKh ùu i|yd jk mrdñ;ska yd we;af;a Tjqkaf.a wOHhk ne£ï ksid m%fNaohka i|yd jk iQpl muKs ' fyda fuu fnodyod.;a ixialD;sl .uk zzine¢ b;sydi fj;ZZ msúiSu i|yd mq¿,aj m%pdrh l< hq;= njg Tjqkaf.a ixialD;sh" yd wmf.a iudc yd ixialD;skaf.a jQ mqoa.,sl woyia ksidh' mqrd;k hq.h bkaÈhdj yd wfkHdakH fmdaIKh yd j¾Okhg f,aLk .; lsÍu Ök md¾Yajfhka Ökh w;r rel=,a ÿka iïnkaO;d .fõIKh i|yd jvd úia;r iy.; jk w;r bka§h úYajfldaIh my; foa u; flakaø fjhs' Wml% ñ l úoaj;=ka hg;a úð; yd kQ;k ld,h li udc jHdmdrh ( ck;dj iyfhda.s;d ;=< fkdlshjqkq l;kaor lshd mdhs' $woyia $jia;+ka yjq , a l dß;a j fha ksielju fuu úYajfldaIh i|yd l w ka ; ¾ l%shdldß;ajh ( tla Wml% u hla ±kg isÿ lr we;s ish,a, tlafldg wka ; ¾l% shdldß;ajfha iajNdjh njg ks , ixl,kh lr ksu fkdl, fldgia yd m%foaY jYfhka msrùug W;aidy ±ßh hq;=j we;' li ïu; lsÍï ( ixialD;slrKh$ ksfõokh fuys we;=,;a lsÍug kshñ; wkqrEmKh $ m%;sl%shdj Wm f;aud iys; mq¿,a f;audjka flßKs wdÈfhys l%shdj,sh my; mßÈh' ln qoaOd.u ;=<ska jQ wka;¾ l%uh iy m%ldrhka l%shdldß;ajh úYajfldaIfha wruqK jkafka yels Wmßu uÜgñka lo ¾Ykh" NdIdj" idys;Hh" l,dj" úoHdj yd ;:H yd jdia;úl ùuhs' fuu.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;dlaIKh ;=<ska jQ wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajh lf iao udj; ( N+ñ yd uqyqÿ ud¾. jQfha tys iodld,sl jákdlula mej;Su yd úoaj;a lb ;sydih ;=<ska jQ in|;djh ( fjf<|du" ld¾hhla f,i m%dudKsl ùuhs' ld,h iïm;a yd rdcH;dka;%sl in|;d" wuq;a;ka m%;sM, ms<sn|j m%dfhda.slj úuid ne,Sulska miq lb kaÈhdj ;=< Ök cd;slhska yd Ökh ;=< bka§h jvd YlH;d .=Khlska hqla; njg ms<s.eKqfka cd;slhska( ixialD;sl wkqj¾;kh yd ixjdoh úia;rd;aul" m%dudKsl tla ;ks fj¿ula fyda lY sIagdpdruh foaYkd yd ixialD;sl n,mEï Wmßu fj¿ï folla ieliSu;a bkamiq wjYH kï

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úúO f;audjka $ ud;Dld hgf;a fjka fjka fj¿ï iE§u i|yd m%udKj;a miq ìula ieliSu;ah' fuu úia;rd;aul fj¿u $ fj¿ï i|yd ie,iqï lsÍfïÈ my; mßÈ fldgia fn§ug ;SrKh úh' lj ¾Il%udkq.; ( tla tla fldgia i|yd fjkia ld, iSudjka ;=< bkaÿ - Ök ixialD;sl in|;dj, m%Odk j¾Okhka ms,sn|j ixlaIsma;j igyka lsÍu lu d;Dldkql+,j ( úfYaI{hska úiska isÿ l< úúO lafIa;%hka ms<sn|j jk igyka' bka lsysmhla kï fj<|du yd jdKscHh" ;drld úoHdj yd wxl úoHdj" ix.S;h yd ix.S; NdKav" NdIdj yd ikaksfõokh" ffjoH úoHdj" .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh" fiao yd f;a ksIamdokh" NslaIQka" ixpdrlhska" hkdÈhhs' tla ud;Dldjla hg;g tk úia;r igyka lsysmhlgu wod, úh yels ksid yria fhduq w;HdjYH úh' jHdmD;sfha mq¿,a wruqKq yd jHqyh ms<sn|j tlÕ;djhlg meñK ta ms<sn|j îðxys *ydhs wdY%ufha ì;= is;=jul Ishqfia .=jdks wjika ;SrKhlg meñKs miq" B<Õ mshjr jQfha uQ,sl fhduq yd fjk;a m%ldYs; .%ka: yd f,aLk j, iqÖka wOHhkh lr fomd¾Yajfhkau we;=,;a l< hq;= igyklau wkqu; lsÍu i|yd ld, ksYaÑ; lreKqj, mQ¾K ,ehsia;=jla ieliSuhs' fmdÿ wdldrhlgh' fomd¾Yajfhau úfYaI{hska yd tlÕ;djhlska hq;= ,ehsia;=jla ieliSu ks,Odßkaf.ka iukaú; taldnoaO iïmdok msKsi fuu ,ehsia;=j yria mßlaId lrk ,È' lñgqj wjika wêldßh jQ w;r tu.ska bx.%Sis yd fuu úYaj fldIh iïmdokh lsÍu i|yd Ök niska ,shjqkq wjika w;a msgm;a jeä ÈhqKq wjYH woyia yd .eg¿ ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍu yd wkqu; lsÍu isÿ úh' lsÍug;a thg we;=,;a l< hq;= lreKq j¾. ksYaph lsÍug;a ksrka;rj uqk .efik iudma;sh fomd¾Yajhu ksfhdackh lrk úfYaI{;d bkaÿ -Ök ixialD;sl in|;djhkaf.a lKavdhula ielisug ;SrKh úYajfldaIh ieliSu jQ l,s flßKs' fuhska miq fomd¾Yajhu wmf.a fnod yod .;a ixialD;sl ;SrKh lf<a tla tla md¾Yajh fomd¾Yajfhau w;a±lSï kej; .fõYkh i|yd f;audjka fnod fjka lsÍuhs' úfYaI{hska lrñka" Ôj;a lrjñka yd kej; tla tla rgj, mj;sk jd¾;d yd wjOdrKh lrñka zzixialD;sl yd ks,Orhka iïm;a ^øjHuh yd udkj& u; ne£ï mqk¾ÔjhZZ Wfoid jQ fhdaO iys ; ta l dnoa O mokïj iuyr f;audjka uQ,slj W;aidyhls' jHdmD;sfha wruqK jQfha iïmdok bx.%Sisfhka fyda Ök niska ,shd kj woyia" kj m¾fhaIK ckkh lñgqj wjika mßj¾;kh lsÍu jvd iqÿiq úh' lsÍu fukau bkaÈhdj yd Ñkfha wêldßh úh fuu.ska wfmalaId lf<a ld,h" fM;sydisl w;a±lsï j, jeo.;alu Yla;sh yd iïm;a m%Yia; f,i ms<sn|j iú{dkl;ajh we;s lsÍuh' Ndú;d lsÍuhs' wjika jYfhka fjk;a jpkj,ska mjikafka kï rgj,a oajhfhau úfYaI{;d lKavdhï kej; úoaj;a wOHhkh u.ska M, orkq we;ehs wm tla /ia jQfha tla tla úoaj;d yg igyka úYajdi lrk ld¾hhhs' tfukau fuu ikao¾Nh ,sùu fnod §u yd Ndr lsÍu i|ydh' wjika ;=< j;auka ixlS¾K yd nyqO%eùh f,dj ;=< jYfhka tfy;a b;d jeo.;a f,i t,eôh wLkav .ukl fh§ug wm i;=jk wmßñ; hq;= ;SrKh jQfha j.lSï iys;j h:d¾;jdÈ yelshdj mQ¾K f,i wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|ydo ld, rduqjla ieliSuhs' fuu l%shdj,sh isÿ fuu w;a±lSu wm yg bjy,a jkq we;' lf<a igyka ,sùu iïmQ¾K lsÍu yd iEu fuu l;=jrhd cjy¾,d,a fkare úYaj úoHd,fha uydpd¾hjrhl= o kjÈ,a,sfha Ök wOHhkh ms<sn| wdh;kfha ks¾fõ;l idudðlhl= (honorary fellow) o fjhs'

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ixpdr

bkaÈhdkq fldáhd

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wisß jk ueo

wNh N+ñ

;u iajNdúl jdi N+ñ ;=< ;¾ckhg ,la jQ yd ÿ,n i;aj úfYaI ms<sn| ukrï w;a±lSula f.k tk bkaÈhdfõ fyd|u cd;sl jfkdaoHdk wms f;dard .;suq

Ranthambore National Park

±k .;hq;= ixpdrh i|yd

idudkH ms<syqvqjd

iajNdúl jdiN+ñ ;=, úf,damShhka W;=re bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u yd uy;a lS¾;shg m;a cd;sl jfkdaoHdk w;ßka tlls rka;ïfnda¾ cd;sl WoHdkh' th rdcia:dkfha ijdhs uoafydamQ¾ Èia;%slalfha msysgd we;' fuu jfkdaoHdkh fldáhka i|yd m%isoaêhla Wiq,k w;r bkaÈhdfõ ufyaYdlH jQ úf,damShhka Tjqkaf.a

iajNdúl jdi N+ñ ;=<§u ±l.ekSug yelsjk uyÕ= ia:dkhls' Èjd ld,h ;=,§ mjd ovhfï hk yd ;u megjqka /l n,d .kakd fldáhka myiqfjka ±l n,d .; yelsh' rka;ïfnda¾ Wreu N+ñhla f,io m%isoaOj we;af;a ta mqrd úisÍ mj;sk kgUqka fya;=fjks'

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

fyd|u ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ <Õdùug wdikak;u .=jka f;dgqm, we;af;a ls'ó' 145la tmsáka we;s cdhsmQ¾ ys h' wdikak;u ÿïßh ia:dkh ijdhs uoafydamQ¾ jk w;r th ls'ó' 11lg tmsáka msysgd we;' ijdhs uoafydamQ¾ fjk;a m%Odk k.r iu. nia r: cd,hla iu. iïnkaO fõ' ±l.; yels ;j;a foa bß iys; yhskdjka" ks,a.hs" le,E n<¨ka" lerl,a" w,i j,iqka" bka§h mshUqï kßka" idudkH ms<syqvqjka" yd È.= lka we;s b;a;Ejka

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ixpdr

ysu úN+;sh cïuq yd ldYaór rdcHfha ,vla Èia;%slalfha kef.kysr fldgfia msysgd we;s fyañia cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh" ol=Kq wdishdfõ úYd,;u cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh ùfï f.!rjhg ysñlï lshhs' ysu Èúhka ms<sn|j m%isoaO tu jfkdaoHdkh i;=j úfYaI 200la we;s w;r bka§h ysud,hdkq ysu l=l=<ka keröug lÈu ia:dkhls' fuu jfkdaoHdk iSudj ;=, áfnÜ fmdïmd wdY%u yd mQckSh fpda¾;ka o msysgd we;' jir 400la merKs fyañia wdY%uh msysgkafkao fuysh' cQks ueo isg Tlaf;dan¾ ueo

olajd ld,h w;r mshux lsÍug fuu jfkdaoHdkh ;=< ud¾. /ila ±lsh yelsh' Wia jQ l÷o cqksm¾" Wm we,amhska" úh,s n¾É j,ska ieÿï ,;a we,amhska jkh is; meyer .kS' f.dÿre veye.kakd ysud,hdkq yd mdr ysud,hdkq mlaISka ms<sn| wOHhkhgo fuh f;da;ekakls' rka rdcd,shd" ,eu.sh¾ .scq,sysKshd yd ysud,hdkq iqkL .scq,sysKshka tu f.dÿre veye .kakd mCISka w;r fjhs' bkaÿ yd ixiald¾ .x.d fofudah jfkdaoHdkfha iSudjka ilid we;s w;r fk;a jiÕ lrjk oiqkla ujd mdhS'

Hemis National Park

±k .;hq;= ixpdrh i|yd

fyd|u ld,h uehs isg iema;eïn¾ olajd <Õdùug wdikak;u .=jka f;dgqm, f,ya h ^ls'ó' 32&' ud¾. foolska fyañia jfkdaoHdkh fj; msúish yelsh' Y%Sk.¾-f,ya uydud¾.h ;=,ska ld¾.s,a yryd Ys% k;¾ isg yd ukd,s isg ±l.; yels ;j;a foa áfnáhdkq iafkda*skaÉ" pqld¾" lre j,s.e;s jeys,sysKshd" r;= fydge;s r;= md lmqgka" ,vdls hQßh,a" ysud,hdkq udfudÜ" l÷lr uq.áhd yd l÷lr ó ydjd'

ysud,hdkq ysu l=l=<d

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

ysu Èúhd

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ixpdr

r;= mekavd

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iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

fidndoyu Wia ìul fkdlafrla cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh msysgd we;af;a fï>,hdys ngysr .frda l÷lr Èia;%Slalfhah' th ffcj f.da,Sh rlaIs;hla f,i j¾.SlrKh lr we;s w;r 2009 jif¾§ UNESCO ys ffcjf.da,Sh rCIs; ,hsia;=jg tla lrkq ,eìKs' >k" Wi yd idrj;a jk úhklska rlaIs;h jeiS we;' uqyq÷ uÜgfï isg wä 4"650la Wiska msysgd we;a fkdlafrla .frda l÷lrfha Wiu uqÿk jk w;r wdishdkq w,shd yd r;= mekavdjkag ksfjiak fjhs'

r;= mekavdjka fjfik wjidk ìï w;rg fkdlafrla wh;a fjhs' r;= mekavdjka j| ùfï woaorgu meñKs i;a;aj úfYaIhla ùu fya;=fjka fuu i;aj úfYaIhka fjfik wNHka;rh .fõYkh lsÍfï§ jfkdaoHdkh ±ä kS;s wkq.ukh lrhs' fkdlafrla ys ms%fïghka úfYaI y;la ±lsh yels w;r yqf.dla ,snka bka tflls' fuu jfkdaoHdkh ;=<g msúfik wfhl=g ruKSh fkdlafrla mshiai yd frdxnx.a vdf¾ Èh we,a,o kerôh yelsh'

yqf,dla .snka

±k .;hq;= we;af;a ls'ó' 128 la tmsáka msysá .=jdy;sys h' .=jdy;s yd Isf,dx isg nia r: yd l=,S r: ,nd.; yelsh' ±l.; yels ;j;a foa .re~ n<,d" ÿ,n wlafldg j,s.e;s ueflda j÷rd" iQlr j,s.e;s ueflda j÷rd" ysu,hdkq rka l¿ meye fldÜfgdarejd'

ixpdrh i|yd

Nokrek National Park

fyd|u ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ isg ud¾;= olajd¡ fuu ld,h ;=<" foaY.=kh b;d m%ikak jk w;r w;s iqkaor Ydl yd i;a;ajhka kerôug yelsh' <Õdùug wdikak;u .=jkaf;dgqm, yd ÿïßh ia:dkh msysgd

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wdishdkq isxyhd

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iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

wdishdkq iqkaoßhka wdishdkq isxyhkaf.a tlu jdiia:dkh f,i m%p,s; iidka- .s¾ cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh úh<s m;k le,Ejka" weflaIshd ,÷ yd w¾O iodyß; Ydl yd ;K ìï iys; j'ls'ó' 1"412 la jQ l÷lr l,dmhls' fuu isxyhka l,la W;=re wm%sldfõ" .sKsfldk È. wdishdfõ yd W;=re .%Sisfha olakg ,eìK' ±ka Tjqka w;ßka jkfha Ôj;a jkafka 411 la muK jk w;r ta ish,af,dau isákafka .s¾ we;=,; yd ta wjgh' .s¾ jk m%foaYh yd tys isxyhka tjlg .=crdÜ ys cqk.doa kï Okj;a rdcHfha kjdíjrhd 1900 uq,a Nd.fhaÈ zzwdrlaIs;ZZ f,ig m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È' l=rdx. uqjka" Èúhka" kßka yd uqjka fuys olakg ,efnkafka jfkdaoHdkh l÷lr N+ñhla ksidfjks' fuu jfkdaoHdkh lsUq,ka yd mlaIs úfYaI 300 lg jvd m%udKhlg ksfjia fjhs' ÿUqre u;aiH nluQKd

±k .;hq;= msysgd we;' wyuodndoa" rdÊfld;a yd cqk.d¾ys isg nia r: yd leí r: ,nd .; yel' ±l.; yels ;j;a foa wdishdkq le,E nQrejka" yhsskd" .s¾ kßka" ms.añ fldÜfgdarejka ÿUqre u;aiH nluQKd" w,i j,yd yd l¿ t¿jd'

ixpdrh i|yd

Sasan-Gir Forest National Park

fyd|u ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ ueo yd cQks ueo <Õdùug wdikak;u .=jkaf;dgqfmd, ls'ó' 40 la tmsáka msysá flfYdaoah' iidka ÿïßh ia:dkh .s¾ cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha isg ls'ó' 5 lg tmsg

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ixpdr

tla wx we;s rhsfkdairia

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

rhsfkda ìu j¾. ls'ó' 858 la mqrd me;sß lisrx.d cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh weiEufha n%yaumq;% .x.d bjqf¾ msysgd we;' th l,dmhka mylg fnod we;' - uOHu ^we;=¿ùu fldfydrdfjkss& ngysr ^we;=¿ ùu ndf. daß fj;sks'& kef.kysr ^w.%fyda,s& ngysrg jkakg msysá nq¾.d myd¾ ^f.darel;s& yd W;=re jYfhks' lisrx.d .fõIKh i|yd fyd|u l%uh jkafka w,ska msg hduh' Tjqka Wia jQ ;K w;ßka myiqfjka .uka lrk ksidfjks' jfkdaoHdkfha jákdu

jia;=j jkafka rhsfkdajkah' Tjqka uqjka iu. úYd, jYfhka ;K W,dlkq ±lsh yelsh' f,dj tla wx we;s rhsfkdiria m%udKfhka ishhg 70 la fjfikafkao fuysh' tfukau f,dj wdishd;sl osh óyrla w;rska ishhg 57 la cSj;ajkafkao fuysh¡ Birdlife International u.ska ixrlaIK jHdhdu i|yd fuh jeo.;a mlaIs m%foaYhla f,io ms<sf.k we;' fuu jfkdaoHdkfha CISrmdhs úfYaI 35 la we;s w;r bka 15 la ;¾ckhg ,lajQ úfYaI fjhs'

le,E w,ska

±k .;hq;= lg tmsáka *q¾láka.ays msysgd we;' fndfldlayd;a^ls'ó' 46& k.dTka ^ls'ó' 75& yd .=jdy;S ^ls'ó'200& isg ud¾.fha meñKsh yel' ±l.; yels ;j;a foa osúhd" *sIsx leÜ" iïnd¾" ìreï uqjka" weiEñhdkq ueflda j÷rka yd .ekacála fvd,a*ska

ixpdrh i|yd

Kaziranga National Park

fyd|u ld,h iema;eïn¾ yd Tlaf;dan¾ <Õdùug wdikak;u .=jkaf;dgqfmd, frdõrhshdya ^fcd¾y;a& h' th ls'ó' 97 lg tmsáka msysgd we;' wdikak;u ÿïßh ia:dkh ls'ó' 80

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id¾:l;ajh

f,djg

by<ska

fgdka 230 la n/;s PSLV - C 23" lCIh ;=< tf;r pkaøsld myla ia:dk.; l< w;r wNHjldY ;dCIKh ;=< bkaÈhdfõ Y+r nj mila lf<ah joka | m,a,j n.a,d

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

yelshs wmf.a wNHdjldY jevigyk iajfoaYsl njg' bkaÈhdj úiska iajfoaYslju ixj¾Okh l,d jQ cd;Hka;r ndOl ì| fy,d wm th ixj¾Okh bkaÈh wNHjldY jevigyk ksiel jYfhkau lr ;sfnkjd'ZZ Tyq mejiSh' 2014 cQks 30 jkod jákd udKslHhla n÷h' 2014 cQks 30 jkod foaYfha m%Odk;u frdlÜgqj jk O%eùh pkaøsld Èh;a lsÍfï fmrjre 9'52 g PSLV ufyaYdLH f,i wyia l=i foig tieúK' fgdka 230 l nrlska yd ñ' 44'4l hdkh (PSLV), PSLV-C23 ksremøs;j .uka lsÍfuka Wiska hq;= fuu frdlÜ hdkh .sks o¿ miq lCIh ;=< tf;r pkaøsld myla úysÿjñka lsf,daóg¾ ish .Kkla ÿr ia:dmkh lf<ah' wefok ÿï Odrdjla msglrñka j<dl=¿ bka§h wNHjldY m¾fhaIK fgdka 230 la w;r fkdfmkS .sfhah' PSLV- C23 th ixúOdkh (ISRO) i|yd fuu Èkh n/;s ó' 44'4 .=jka .; l< uÜgñka ks¾udKh úfYaI jQfha" bkaÈhdfõ wNHdjldY la Wie;s hdkh lsßug NdKavd.dr uqo,a ñ,shk f;dg jQ Y%Syßfld; fj; meñKs lsf,da óg¾ 1"0000 la jeh úh' w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;do ish .Kkla PSLV ys 26 jk id¾:l mshdießh ksidfjks' zzbkaÈhdfõ oshqKq ÿr wefok ÿï jk fuh tys isõjk mQ¾K jdKsc wNHdjldY jevigyk" weh f,dj jHdhduho fjhs' fuys m%Odk u.shd Odrdjla b;sß rgj,a myla yhla isák m%N+ f.da,Sh jQfha ls'.%E' 714 l nßka hq;= SPOT-7 lrñka .sks o¿ lKavdhula ;=< r|d mj;ajkjd' pkaøsldjhs' th ó 2'2 l úfNaokhlska fuh cd;Hka;r ixj¾Okh ;=< wm msg lf<ah hq;a leurdjla iys; fmdf,da r|d mj;ajk ;j;a tla lafIa;%hla' ksÍCIlfhls' fuu m%xY mqoa.,sl wxY wúYsIag;djh miq l< wm fuu pkaøsldj AirBus Defence and Space u.ska ksIamdÈ;h' flaIa;%h ;=< úYsIag;ajh lrd meñK ;sfnkjd'ZZ wfkl=;a l=vd .uka lrkakka jQfha f.da,Sh ia:dkSh hkqfjka fudaä uy;d mjid isáfhah' moaO;sh(GPS) mßlaIdlsÍu i|yd úfYaI myiqlï bka§h w.ue;sjrhd úoHd{hkag mjid isáfha iys; rgd mshdir (formation flying) i|yd l,dmSh iyfhda.s;djh i|yd jk ol=Kq wdishdkq fhdod.; yels lekvdfõ NLS 7'1 ixúOdkfha rgj,a fj; m%;s,dN ,ndfok kj yd 7'2 kï pkaøsld oajhh" pkaøsldjla ks¾udKh lrk f,ih' Tyq th SAARC pkaøsldj f,i fn!;siau lf<ah' zzwmg wdvïnr úh hdkd .ukd

ISRO ys isák bka§h w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

id¾:l;ajh

PSLV - C23 idudkH mshdieß me;slv

4 Stage

655.1 x 657.7 km i = 98.23 degree AST CO

INJECTION

COAST-PS4 TRANSITION

ag St

Sta g

PS3 COASTTRANSITION

PS2-PS3 TRANSITION

PS2 THRUSTING

Time after lift-off

Altitude

Velocity

(kilometres)

(metres/ second)

VELOX-1 separation

1198.7

662.3

7526.7

NLS7.2 separation

1173.7

661.8

7526.9

NLS7.1 separation

1143.7

661.2

7527.1

AISAT separation

1113.7

660.6

7527.4

SPOT-7 separation

1073.7

659.8

7527.7

Fourth stage cut-off

1036.7

659.1

7521.0

Third stage separation

531.2

545.6

5331.0

Third stage ignition

521.2

536.8

5344.6

Second stage separation

263.4

220.2

3567.9

Heat shield ignition

262.2

218.7

3572.0

Second stage ignition

187.7

131.5

2256.8

First stage separation

110.6

52.9

1555.4

0.0

0.026

451.9

Event

(seconds)

Stage 1

PS1-PS2 TRANSITION

PS1 THRUSTING

LIFT-OFF

First stage ignition

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

.ukh wëlaIKh i|yd fhdod.; yels c¾udkq pkaøsldjla jk AISAT yd jvd l=vd ,dNodhs yd wvqnr pkaøsld bÈßfhaÈ ;ekSu i|yd jk ;dlaIK wdo¾Ylhla jk isx.mamQre VELOX-1 pkaøsldjhs' ISRO ys fiajdodhlhd buy;a i;=gg m;aù ;sìK' zzwmg b;d ksjerÈ lCIh ,enqKq w;r hdkh by< ke.suo kshu fj,djg isÿ jQjd' wjYH jQ úfgl msßjeh M,odhs ;j;a Èh;a lsÍula i|yd wm kej;;a ISRO fj; meñfKkjd'ZZ fufia mejiqfõ m%xYfha gQf,daiays Airbus Defence and Space ys SPOT7 pkaøsldfõ jev igyka wOHlaI *s,sma f.ialajh¾ia uy;dh' m%S;sfhka To jevqKq ISRO iNdm;s wdpd¾h fla' rdOdl%sIaKka mjid isáfha fuu PSLV-C 23 Èh;a lsÍu iQodkï lrkq ,enqfha Èk 50 l l PSLV - C23 wdkaød m%foaYays Y%Syßfld; msysá i;sIa Ojdka wNHjldY jd¾;d ld,hla ;=<§ njh' f.da,Sh Èh;a lsÍï uOHia:dkfhaos Èh;a lrkq ,eìK' fjf<|fmd, ;=< ;r`.ldß ùug kï ISRO l th PSLV ys core-alone úkHdi.; lsÍfï ys ksIamdok udÈ,sh úh hq;af;a fuhhs'ZZ Tyq oijk mshdießhh' ^má iys; fudag¾ m%ldY lf<ah' bkaÈhdj b;d id¾:lj fuh Ndú;h fkdue;s& isÿ l< nj;a tfy;a zzfhya È,a udx.d fudaf¾ l PSLV - C23 u.ska Spot-7 kï ls'.%E' 714 la ^fuu yoj;g ;j;a foa wjYHhhs& hkqfjka n/;s m%xY fmdf,da ksÍlaIK pkaøsldj ls' fudaä uy;d m%ldY l< úg ISRO ys 16"000la jQ ó' 655 l iQ¾h iuld,Sl llaIh fj;g fiajlhka wNsudkfhka To jeäKs' Èh;a flßK' zzfuu wNHjldY m%cdjf.ka ud wo Èk l Spot-7 ilikq ,enqfha hqfrdamSh b,a,d isákjd bkaÈhdfjka ;Hd.hla f,i wNHjldY ;dlaIK iud.ula jk wmf.a wi,ajeishka fj; ,nd §u i|yd SAARC AIRBUS Defence and Space u.sks pkaøsldjla ixj¾Okh lr fok f,i' wmf.a wi,ajeishka ish¨ fokdg úYd, mrdihla ;=< fhojqï yd fiajdjka ,nd Èh yels pkaøsldjla' tfukau wmf.a pkaøsld u; mokï jQ ixp,k moaO;sh uq¿ ol=Kq wdishdju wdjrKh jk mßoafoka úYd,kh lrk fuka uu Tfnka l< úkdä 24 lg;a jeä l;dfõÈ fufia mjid b,a,d isákjd'ZZ SAARC pkaøsldj flf,i úh isáfhah' zzbkaÈhdj uq,anei ;sfnkafka wmf.a hq;=o hkak ms<sn|j ;ju;a fkd±kqj;ajQ kuq;a bmerKs wdpdr úê jk jiqfohsj l=gqïnlï fmr ISRO iNdm;sj isá wdpd¾h ^f,dj tl mjq,ls& u;hs' tu ksid fla' lia;=ßrx.ka fhdackd lrkafka bkaÈhdfõ wNHjldY jev igyk fuh rgj,a 19 wdmodjkaysÈ" j.d wëlaIKh ukqIH;ajh i|yd ñi n,h i|yd yd ld,.=K fjkia ùï hkdÈh l pkaøsld 40 la we;s wdYdjka fjkqfjka ieliqkla y÷kd.ekSu i|yd iyh ,ndfok fkdfjhs' wmg wkqj th udkj Èh;a l< bka§h l=vd ÿqria: ixfõok pkaøsld m%.;sfha jeo.;a fuj,ula' wNHdjldY iuQyhla iys;j th ks¾udKh tneúka wms wmf.a ;dlaIKsl wdh;kfha l< yels njh' oshqKqfõ M, th fkdue;s ckhd 114 jk bka§h fuu woyig m<uqj m%;spdr iu. fnod yod .; hq;= w;r fufyhquhs olajñka nx.a,dfoaYh fjkajQ wmf.a f,dalh úfYaIfhkau SAARC pkaøsldjla ms<sn| woyi wmf.a wi,a jeishkaf.a ixj¾Okh i;=áka Ndrf.k we;' SAARC ys i|yd fhdod .; hq;=h'ZZ j;auka idudðl;ajh jkafka we*a.ksia:dkh" bka§h wNHjldY wdh;kh u.ska rgj,a nx.a,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bkaÈhdj" ud,Èjhsk" 19 la i|yd pkaøsld 40 la Èh;a lr we;s w;r fkamd,h" mdlsia:dkh yd Y%S ,xldj jk fuh tys 114 jk ld¾hhs' ISRO ys jdKsc w;r bka wNHjldY ;dlaIKh ms,sn| mD:q, wxYh jk Antrix Corporation Limited ys jd¾Isl yelshdjla we;af;a bkaÈhdjg muKs' wdodhu ñ,shk 15"000 la blaujhs' tfukau m%S;sfhka l=,au;a jQ bka§h w.ue;sjrhd bÈß j¾Ih ;=<È PSLV Ndú;fhka úfoia i;sIa Ojdka wNHjldY uOHia:dkfha isg isÿ pkaøsld 14 laa lCI.; lsÍu i|yd jdKscuh

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

id¾:l;ajh

Èh;a lsÍï ;=kla isÿ lsÍug m%iïmdokh wNHjldYh fj; f.k hd yels jQfha reishdj" lr we;' Antrix Corporation Limited iNdm;s we't'c' yd Ökhg muKs' yd l<ukdlrK wOHlaI ù'tia' fyÊ uy;d wÕyre fj; bkaÈhdfõ m<uq .uk jk mjikafka zzwm ±kgu;a f,dj wjOdkhg m;aù ux.,ahdkao fudaä uy;df.a meiiqug ,la úh' we;s w;r wksjd¾hfhkau ;j ;j;a j¾Okh r;+ fldgqfõ isg r;+ .%yhd fj; jk bka§h jkjd'ZZ hkqfjks' .uk fyd¢ka wdrïN jQ w;r ì,shk .Kkl bka§h úoHd wdh;kh fj;g w.ue;s fudaä ck;djf.a isysk ±ka .uka lrkafka wÕyre uy;d isÿl, m<uqjk ixpdrfhaÈ fj; Èfjk ls'.%e' 1350la n/;s Tyqg Geosynchronous Satellite Launch pkaøsldj u;hs' th 2014 iema;eïn¾ Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III) kue;s 24 jkod r;+ .%yhd yuq jkq we;' bkaÈhdfõ fgdka 630 la jk yd ..k.dóka tu.ska wÕyre llaIh fj; ,Õd jQ isyskhka ±ka wNHjldYh fj; f.k hd yels m<uq wdishdkq cd;sh njg bkaÈhdj .uka lrkqfha úi,a frdlÜgqj fmkajk ,È' m;a jkq we;' ls' .%E' 1"350 la bÈß udi lSmh ;=<È msßia /f.k m<uq wÕyre .uk i|yd msßjeh n/;s iema;eïn¾ hdfï wÈhr ksud lrkq we;s w;r re'ñ' 4500la jQ w;r ta i|yd 24 jk Èk th bka§h ..k.dóka fo;=ka úoHd×hka 500 fofkla fjfyi jQy' r;= .%yhd fokl= /f.k m<uqjk mÍlaIK —wog;a f,dalfha jvd;au msßjeh pdßldfõ fhfokq we;' m<uq jk M,odhS jkafka wfma jevigykhs' yuqùug iQodkï .ufka§ th ukqIHhka /f.k wÕyre fj; .uk ms<sn| wfma pkaøsldjla fkdhkq we;s w;r Èh;a lsÍfuka l;dkaorh fyd,sjqâ Ñ;%máhla u;h miq uqyqfoa§ kej; ,nd .kq we;' jk .%eúá ksIamdokh lsÍug jeh fuu uq,drïNh ukqYH wNHjldY jQ uqo,g;a jvd wvq uqo,lska ksujQ .uk i|yd jk ;SrKd;aul ;dlaIKsl ixj¾Ok njg iudc udOH ;=,ska ±ä fia l;d nyg ,la jevigykla jkq we;s w;r tka miq bkaÈhdkq jqkd' wfma úoHd×hka f,djg fmkajd ;sfnkjd ìfï bka§h ..k.dóka bka§h frdlÜgqjlska iliqrejï bkaðfkare l%uh yd mßl,amkfha wj mDÓú llaIhla fj; /f.k hkq we;' fuu n,h iys; kj l%ufõohkaf.a id¾:l;ajh ukqIH wNHjldY .uk i|yd re' ñ' 125"000 ms<sn|j'˜ w.ue;sjrhd mjid isáfhah' la muK jeh jkq we;' fï jk f;la ñksiqka wNHjldYh hkq fmdfydi;=kag yd m%isoaêhg

bka§h w.ue;s ISRO úoHd{hskag l;d lrñka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

PSLV - C23 foi ne,aula (Vehicle lift-Off Mass 230 tonne Height 44.4m) Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Nomenclature

PS1

PS2

PS3

PS4

Propellant

Solid

Liquid

Solid

Liquid

Mass (tonne)

138

7.6

2.5

Max thrust (kN)

4787

804

242

7.3 x 2

Burn time (s)

102

148

110

526

Stage diameter (m)

2.8

Stage length (m)

12.8

3.6

3.0

(HTPB based)

UH25 + N2O4

(HTPB based)

MMH + MON-3

HTPB: Hydroxyl Terminated Poly Butadiene UH25: Unsymmetrical Dimenthyl Hydrazine + 25% Hydrazine Hydrate N2O4: Nitrogen Tetroxide MMH: Mono Menthyl Hydrazine, MON-3: Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen

wmyiq úgl th wmg w;:H ^virtual& f,i m;ajQjkag muKh hk bmerKs ixjdoh ksud iïnkaO lrkjd'ZZ Tyq mejiSh' lsÍug fudaä uy;d h;ak ±Íh' zzuu úYajdi wo jk úg bkaÈhdjg fufyhqï pkaøl s d lrk wdldrhg wNHjldY ;dlaIKh fmdÿ iuQyhla we;' bka§h N+ñhg iqmeyeÈ,s ckhd yd ne£ mj;skakla' thg yelshs Ôú; wdjrKhla ,nd fok ikakf s õok mßj¾;khg ,lalsÍug yd pkaøl s d 10 la we;s w;r th rfÜ n,.ekaùug' ;dlaIKh u.ska udOH wxYfha msì§ug rel=,la ù ixj¾Okfha kj bv m%ia:djka m<uq w`.yre we;' by< .kfha rEm ,nd fok újr lrkjd' tu.ska wfma fufyhqfï fmdf,da ksÍlaIK ÿria: ixfõok wNsfhda. wduka;%Kh lsÍug kj msßjeh re' pkaøl s d 12 la we;s w;r th bka§h ud¾. ilid fokjd' wNHjldYh ñ,shk 4500 udhsï wdrlaId lrhs' wfußldkq GPS b;d ÿr nj fmkS .sh;a th wfma la jk w;r ta moaO;sh yd iudk tfy;a bkaÈhdfõ ffoksl Ôú;h yd ne£ mj;skakla' i|yd úoHd{hska md,kh we;s bka§h m%dfoaYh S ixp,k tu.ska b;du ÿr neyer m%foaYhl moaO;shl wx.hla f,i úfYaI 500 fokl= mjq,la mjd iïnkaO lrñka kQ;k pkaøa l s d folla lCI.;j we;s w;r ikaksfõokh m%Odk Odrdjg muK fjfyi ù th 2016 § l%h s d;aul ùug kshñ;h' f.k tkq ,nkjd' tu.ska wE; ÿr jev l<y wNHjldYh iïnkaOj bkaÈhdfõ neyer orejdg ÿria: wOHdmkh kj ±lau ksrEmKh lrñka u.ska .=Kd;aul wOHdmkhla ,nd zzixj¾Okh i|yd ;dlaIKh uOH.; fjhs'ZZ .ekSug wjia:dj i,ikjd' fg,s ffjoH úoHdj hkqfjka w.ue;sjrhd mjihs' ì,shk 1'25 la u.ska ÿr neyer mqoa.,fhl=g .=Kd;aul fi!LH bkaÈhdkqjka tlsfkl iïnkaO flfrk äðg,a fiajhla ,nd .ekSug u. mdokjd' l=vd k.rhl bkaÈhdjla ms<sn| ±lau <`.d lr.ekSug ta i;=j ;reKhkag úúO /lshd wjia:djka Wod lrkq we;s N+ñldj ;SrKd;aulh'ZZ Tyq mjihs' ,nkjd' fN!;slj iïnkaO;djhka meje;aùug fuu f,aLlhd úoHd rplhl= jk w;r i| .uk ( zzi|" wÕyre yd bka Tíng jk bkaÈhdfõ .fõIKhZZ ys l;=jrhdo fõ

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Wmydr

ksoyi foig

wúysxidjdofha mshjr uq¿ uy;a foaYhu uy;aud .dkaêf.a 145 jk ckau ixj;airh iurk Tlaf;dan a ¾ 2 Èk wms Tyqf.a úÑ;%j;a Ôú;h yd ch.%yK fidhd mshjr Tijuq

1893( ol=Kq wm%sldfõ mSg¾udÜian¾.a ÿïßfha .uka .ksoa§ m<uq mka;sfha fjka l< wdikfhka bj;aù ;=kajk mka;sfha wiqklg hdu m%;slafIam l< úg Tyqj tu ÿïßfhka bj;g ;,a¨ lr oukq ,nhs' fï i|yd úfrdaOh m< lrk Tyqg bka miq ojfia§ m<uq mka;sfha wiqkla ,efn;;a" hqfrdamshdkq ixpdrlfhl=g bv fkdÿka fya;=fjka ßhÿrdf.a myrlEug ,lafõ' bkamiq ol=Kq wm%sldj ;=, Ôj;a jk wkH rgj, ck;dj tla/ia lrf.k fuhg úfrdaOh mEug .dkaê ;SrKh lrhs'

1869 Tlaf;dan¾ 02 fmda¾nkaod¾ kï ftYaj¾fhka msß rdcHfha Èjdkajrfhl= jQ lrïpdkaoa .dkaê yd Tyqf.a isõjk ìßh" mqÜ,s ndhs fudykaodia lrïpdkaoa .dkaê kñka kï l< mq;% r;akhlska msÿï ,enQy'

1891 cQks( tlai;a rdcOdksfha bk¾ fgïm,a kS;s úoHd,fha kS;s úNd.h iu;aùfuka miq fudaykaodia kS;s{jrfhl= njg m;a fjhs' Tyq ol=Kq wms%ldfõ bka§h uqia,sï fjf<ÿka fjkqfjka fmkS isà'

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

iema;eïn¾ - Tlaf;dan¾ 2014

1894( ol=Kq wm%sldj ;=,

bkaÈhdkqjkag Pkao whs;sh m%;slafIam lrkd mk;a flgqïm;lg úfrdaOh mEu msKsi Tyq kgd,a bka§h fldka.%ih (NIC) msysgqjhs' NIC yg fuu mk;a flgqïm; kej;Sug fkdyels jqjo .dkaê widOdrKhg úreoaOj wr., lsÍu wdrïN lrhs¡

1897( ckjdß ui§ ol=Kq wm%sldfõ v¾nka jrdhg f.dvng .dkaêg iqÿ mÈxÑ lrejka myr fokq ,nhs' v¾nka fmd,sia m%Odkshdf.a ìß| Tyq fírd .ekSug W;aidy orhs' fuu isoaêhg ±jeka; udOH m%pdrhla ,enqkq w;r hg;aúð; rchg iqÿ cd;slhka w;awvx.=jg .ekSug isÿfõ' .dkaê Tjqkg ovqjï lsÍug bv §u mq;slafIam lrk w;r tu.ska uyck m%idoh Èkd .kS' myr ÿka ñksiqka m%isoaêfha iudj b,a,d isà'

1906( wdishdkq ck.yk ,shdmÈxÑ mk;

l%h s d;aul fõ' tu.ska ish¿ wdishd;sl mÈxÑlrejkag ;u mqo. a ,sl f;dr;=re ,shdmÈxÑ lr ;u weÕs,s i,l=K iys; ldâm;la ,Õ ;nd .ekSug isÿfõ' ,shdmÈxÑ fkdù o~qjï ú¢k f,ig .dkaê ck;djf. ka b,a,hs' ta wkQj i;H.%y ^bkaÈhdjg ksoyi ,nd .ekSug WmldÍ ùu i|yd .dkaê wdrïN l< wysxidjd§ jHdmdrh & jeo.;a ;,hlg m;afjhs' jir y;la mqrd úfrdaOh ±lajj Q ka lsym s fofklau isr.; lr fyda urd ±ñKs'

1908( wf.daia;=fõ§ .dkaê yd bkaÈhdkqjka 2000la muK ;u ,shdmÈxÑ ldâm;a mq¿iaid ouhs' .dkaê yd wfkl=;a kdhlhka w;a wvx.=jg .;a w;r rg mqrd úfrdaO;d jHdmdr .Kkdjla we;súh'

1930( bkaÈhdkqjkag ¨Kq iE§u ;ykï flfrk ¨Kq mk; ì%;dkHh úiska iïu; flfrhs' ud¾;= 12 jk Èk ¨Kq iE§u msKsi 61 úhe;s .dkaê Èk 24la mqrd ls'ó' 320la mhska .uka lr pkaä fj; msúfia' ñ,shk .Kka bkaÈhdkqjka Tyq yd tlafjhs' .dkaê w;awvx.=jg m;a fõ'

1943( 73 úhe;s .dkaê bkaÈhdfõ fn§u i|yd úfrdaOh mEug Èk 21l Wmjdihla wdrïN lrhs'

1919( iel iys; —;%ia;jd§ka˜ w;awvx.=jg .ekSug yd kvq úNd.hlska f;drj isr lr ;nd .ekSug bv i,ik frda,aÜ mk; ì%;dkH rch úiska l%shd;aul lrhs' bka§h cd;sl fldka.%ih y¾;d,a jHdmdrh wdrïN lrhs' oyia .Kka bkaÈhdkqjka jev lsÍu kj;hs" ì%;dkH NdKav úlsKSu yd ñ,§ .ekSu k;r lrhs' ler,s we;s fõ' 400lg wdikak bkaÈhdkqjka msßila >d;kh flf¾' oyia .Kkla wïß;aid¾ ys§ ;=jd, ,nhs'

1947( wf.daia;= 1415 bka§h ksoyia mk; iïu; jk w;r bkaÈhdj ksoyia rdcHhla njg m;afõ'

1920( ì%;dkH

1942( bkaÈhdkq ksoyi

ksIamdok j¾ckh lrk f,ig;a ;u we÷ï ;udu ksIamdokh lrk f,ig;a .dkaê bkaÈhdkqjka Èß .kajhs'

m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu msKsi Tyq —bkaÈhdfjka msgfjkq˜ jHdmdrh Èh;a lrhs' l,n,hg m;a md,lhka Tyq isr.; lrhs'

1944( whym;a fi!LH ;;ajh fya;=fjka .dkaê ñh h;ehs ìh ù .dkaê yd fiiq kdhlhka ksoyia flf¾'

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1948 ckjdß 30( kjÈ,a,sfha ì¾,d yjqia ysÈ iji 5'17g k;=rï f.daâfia úiska uy;audg tl t,af,au fjä myr ;=kla t,a, lrhs'

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

m%.;sh

hfYdam%Ndfjka

Èÿ,ñka

w.aksÈ. bkaÈhdfõ ima; rdcHhka w;frka úYd,;u rdcHh jk wreKpd,a m%foaYa" rdcHhla njg m;ajQfha 1987 fmnrjdß 20 jk Èkh' t;eka mgka th wd¾Ól yd iudc ixj¾Okh fj; wLKav .ukl fh§ isá joka | iqm%shd w.%jd,a

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10"000 isg 12"000 olajd m%udKhla ksmoùug wfmalaId flf¾' l¾udka; yd fjf<|du i|yd jvd by< há;, myiqlï we;s flfrk zzkef.kysr n,kak m%;sm;a;shZZ bkaÈhdkq rch u.ska wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs' jdKsc yd l¾udka; ms<sn| fuys o< foaYSh tlai;a wud;HdxYh u.ska l,dmfha ksIamdÈ;h re' ixj¾Okh i|yd w.aksÈ. ld¾ñl ld¾ñl yd lDIsld¾ñl ì' 93'570 la yd wdfhdack m%;sm;a;sh -2007 m%;sm;a;sh f,i ;lafiare (NEIIPP-2007) ilid we;' c, úÿ,sh ksmoùfï bkaÈhdkq lr we;s w;r OdkHuh wdydr ksIamdokh úNjh jeä f,iu fmkakqï m%Odk wdodhï ;=<ska iajhxfmdaIs; nj we;s lsÍu;a flrkafka wreKdpd,a m%foaYfhks' lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokhka wf,ú ;sridr j¾Okhla i|yd mqoa.,sl ud¾.h jkafka lsÍu;a flfrys rdcHfha lDIsld¾ñl yd rdcH wxYhkaf.ka ld¾ñl lDIsl¾uhhs ixj¾Okh ms,sn| Wmdhhka ia:dms;hka we;slsÍu Èß.kajk flakaø.;ù we;' fuu rdcHh i;=j iq¿h' 2008 jif¾È fu'fjd' 27"000 j¾. ls'ó' 61"000 l jkdka;r we;s fyhska jk l w;sßla; úÿ,sh ckkh lsÍu i|yd c,úÿ,s ksIamdokhka jeo.;a N+ñldjla r`.olajkq ,nhs' .Kqfokq 42 la i|yd rch úiska w;aika ;nkq yd,a" bß`.=" ñ,Ü" Wla" b`.=re yd îc f;,a fuys ,eìKs' 2009 jif¾È wdrïN lrk ,o by< m%Odk j.djka w;ßka lSmhls' isheka c,úÿ,s n,d.dr jHdmD;sh u.ska fu'fjd' wrefKdaofhka keyejqkq l÷lrh f,i ye¢kafjk wreKpd,a m%foaYa" w.aksÈ. bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u rdcHhhs' fuys j;auka o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h re' ì,shk 93'570 la jk w;r lDIsl¾uh m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.h fõ' fuu rdcHh ;u m<uqjk ÿïßh ud¾.h ;ekqfõ fï jif¾§h'

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m%.;sh

ixpdrl l¾udka;h wreKdpd,a m%foaYa" o¾YkSh l÷ mx;Ska" ksi, ú,a yd mrisÿ wdrKHhkag ksfjia fjhs' gjdkaa wdrKHh" relañKs k.¾ yd .x.d ú, m%Odk;u ixpdrl wdl¾IKhkah' bgdk.¾ ys msysá cjy¾,d,a fkare fl!;=ld.drh f.da;%sl Ôú;fha f;dr;=re ms<sìUq lrhs' kïo*d cd;sl WoHdkh j,dl=¿ Èúhkag yd wdishd;sl l¿ j,iqkag kï ork w;r mLqhs jkÔù rlaIs;h le,E n<¨ka yd bkaÈhdkq b;a;Ejkag m%isoaOh' ì,S ms;af;ka ud¿ nEu" fndaÜgq me§u" le,Ej ;=< weú§u" mdre me§u hkdÈfhys fh§ugo fuu fmfoi lÈuh'

wOHdmkh uE;ld,sk jir ;=<È wreKdpd,a m%foaYfha idlaIr;djh w;ska msì§ula ,enqfõh' m%dka;

Dibang Valley

Tawang

Itanagar

u. fkdyeßh hq;= lW K

o¿ ne÷qu" ud¿ iagqj yd ;=lamd ^fudkamd f.da;%slhka w;r m%p,s;& Tn riú¢h hq;=uh' ll =re,a,ka kerUqu i|yd fuys we;s wjia:d fndfydah' l=re¿ úfYaI 500 la muK ±lsh yels w;r bka fndfyduhla ;¾ckhg ,laj we;s úfYaI fjhs'

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rch rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, iyho iys;j wOHdmkh jHdma; lrk w;r Wiia wOHdmk wjia:djkao mq¿,a lrkq ,nhs' fuys m%Odk úYaj úoHd,h jkafka rÔõ .dkaê úYaj úoHd,h yd ysud,hdkq úYaj úoHd,hhs' ;dlaIKsl yd l<ukdlrK wOHdmkh ;=< jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,nkafka úoHdj yd ;dlaIKh ms<sn| w.aksÈ. l,dmSh wdh;khhs' fn!oaOd.ñlhka úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk md,s úoHdmS;a jeks Ndr wdh;k u.ska idudkH úIhkaf.ka msg; jk md,s yd Lï;s wlaIr hkdÈh W.kajkq ,nhs' wreKdpd,a m%foaYfha ;ukagu jQ wlaIr iys; tlu f.da;h % jkafka Lï;sh' f,day; s a m%foaYfha O¾u.%k: a mqi; a ld, fndfyduhla we;s w;r bka úYd,;u mqi; a ld,h fp!Lïj, msyg s d we;'

gjdkays fi,d mdia Èia;%slalh

uE;ld,Sk ixj¾Okh 2014 wfm%a,a udifhaÈ fuu rdcHh ;u m%:u ÿïßh u. bÈ lf<ah' ta yßuq;s isg kya¾,d.=ka olajdh' ls'ó' 33 la È. ñ'ó'1"676 l m<,ska hq;= udmk ÿïßh ine¢h bÈlsÍu iïmQ¾K lrk ,oafoa 2012 jif¾§h' fuu ud¾.h ;=< l=vd md,ï 46 lao úYd, md,ï 11 la o fjhs' ta wkQj w.aksÈ. bkaÈhdkq rdcHhkaf.a ÿïßh is;shu ;=< .=jdy;sg miqj tk fojk m%Odk k.rh bgdk.¾ njg m;a ù we;' tfukau weiEufha by< m%foaYh wreKdpd,a m%foaYh yd iïnkaO lsÍfï ie,iqula o fjhs'

wdmod l<ukdlrKh wreKdpd,a m%foaYfha N+ ,laIKhka úúOdldrh' tneúka rdcHfha wdmod l<ukdlrK wêldßh u.ska úkdYldß;ajh wju lsÍfï yd tu.ska Ôú; yd foam, iq/lSfï wruqKska hq;=j ksis l%uúêka" iïm;a yd ud¾ f.damfoaYhka iys; wreKdpd,a m%foaYfha wdmod l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sh (APDMA) y÷kajd fokq ,eìKs' fuu m%;sm;a;sh wd¾Ól l%shdj,skag ndOd meñKsùu je,elaùug;a mßirhg isÿjk ydkska wju lsÍu;a flfryso wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' OdkH y,ñka isák l;la

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rE igyka

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Wiia úl%uhl

mj;a

weâßk,ska W;afma%rKhla i|yd leu;s whg bkaÈhdj jrK úúO;ajhla bÈßm;a lrhs' fmK j;=f¾ myqre me§u" ialska.a" wiSre .uka l%Svd" jeá lvdoeóu iy c, l%Svd mka;shla'''

Baga Beach Colva Beach

f.dafõ c, l%Svd f.dafjys Tlaf;danrfha isg uehs olajd ld,h uqyqÿ úl%u ndyq,Hfha ld,h fõ' c,;,fha me§fï iy hd;%d lsÍfï wkkH ixfhdackhla jQ" r< u; ,siaid hdfï l%Svdj f;dard .ekSug Tng mq¿jk' ke;skï fõ.S fndaÜgqjla wkqj hñka c, ialska.a Tnf.a w; w. W;aidy lr n,kak ^mehg lsf,daóg¾ 50 la jgd jk fõ.hla olajd hd yelsh&' Tn /yek ;rfha .%yKh lrf.k isák úg Tn isis,g m;a lrñka lrÈh ì¢;s úisf¾' mrdhd;%Kh Tng iekiqï iy.; uqyqÿ iy fjr< oiqka msßkuk ;j;a úl,amhls wä 300 la muK È.e;s /yek Tnf.a mrdhd;%K ikakdyh Tnf.a fõ.S fndaÜgqj yd tlg wuqKd ;nhs' Tng c, ial+grhl ke.S Tnf.a yjq,aldrhd iu. r< f>daIdj nEug f;dard .ekSug o yelsh' l< hq;=u foa( nkdkd fndaÜgqjl" is,skavrdldr rn¾ —myqr— la u; Tnf.a iu;=,k yelshdj wNsfhda.hg ,la lrkak' Tnf.a Ôú;drlaIl lxpqlh - Tn ks,a Èhg weo jeàu wjika lrkq jeks fihls'

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rE igyka

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Nagaland

Meghalaya

Manipur

Tripura Mizoram

Bidkfha wiSre md .uk ÿ¾,N YdL iy i;a;aj úfYaI oel .ekSfï wdidj hful= Bidkg wiSre md .ukla .kakg fmd<Ujk fya;= /ila w;=ßka tlls' Tng ukialdka; l÷ iy Èhwe,s fk; .efgkq ms‚i Tn iu.u .ukg tla jk ud¾f.damfoaYlfhl= f.a fiajh .kak' ÿ¾,N me<Eá úfYaI j, fjfiia nyq,;ajhla wreKdp,a m%foaYa yS mj;sk w;r;=r fu.d,hd yS mj;skafka wNsfhda. t,a, lrk ìï ieliquls' frdafvdafvkav%ka iy ´lsâ we;=¿ u,a fu.d,hdjg tla lrkafka is;a mskjk iqkaor;ajhla iy kd.,ka;fha <.kakd iq¿ yß; meyeh th msúish hq;=u ;ekla njg m;a lrhs' md .uk Èk lsysmhla wefokq úh yelsh" Tn l|jqre ,d isáh§ iajNdjh ú§ug wjia:djla foñks" .sksue<hl WKqiqu w;f¾ ys¢ñka ksrdñi oiqka iy ;d, Wrd .kak' fyd|u ld,h jkafka Tlaf;danrh iy fmnrjdßh w;r ld,hhs' l< hq;=u foa( ord .ekSfï yelshdj mÍlaId lsÍug hela i*dßhla W;aidy lrkak' udj;a ke;s ìula yryd Tn .uka lrkafkyshæ

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rE igyka

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Jaisalmer

rdcia:dkfha jeá ì|oeófï l%Svdj fuh idys;Hfha oelafjkafka mrdo jQ m:fha msmsÍu hkqfjks' th Tnf.a jdykh jeá w;r by<g;a my<g;a hk w;r Ôú; ld,Sk wdiajdohla fohs' Tnf.a r:dpd¾hhd tkaðu wdmiaig l%shd lrjoa§ je,a, .=jfka Wvq w;g úysfohs' Tng je,af,a r: Odjkh ms<sn| läkï mdGud,djla .; yels w;r Wml%uYS,Sj jeá yeisrjqu iy l=i,;d iïmkakj l÷ke.=ï iy jer§ï w;r flafj,a lrñka Tfí ud¾.h mdod .; yelsh' ck k¾;k iy wjHdc rdcia:dks fNdack fï m%idofha fldgila fõ' fuu l%Svdfõ fyd|u jeá iemhqu cdhsid,au¾ k.rfhks" tf;l=ÿ jqj;a jvd;a fhda.H ld,h fkdjeïnrfha isg wm%sfh,a w;rg jefghs' l< hq;=u foa( fï .ïj,ska tll rd;%Shla kj;skak" iy m%dfoaYSh wdydr idu¾:hkaf.a ri N=la;s ú¢kak' ysre wia;x.; ùug fmrd;=j Tgqjl= msg ke. ijdßhlg tla ùug wu;l fkdlrkak'

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rE igyka

Gulmarg

ldYaórfha nEjqïj, ysu u; ,siaidhdfï w;aoelSu ldYaórfha .=,aud¾.a ysre t<sfhka Èf,k nEjqïj, Èfik whqßka wm%h;ak ,siaiSï isys mj;sk w;aoelSula úh yelsh" WÉp;u m%y¾Ih ,efnkafka foieïn¾ iy ud¾;= w;r§h' .eUqre iy úh<s —;=kmy— ;=Idrh i|yd fuu m%foaYh m%lgh' l=,au;a lrk nEjqï.; ials meÿula i|yd by< nEjqï lrd f.dkafvda,d ^ials tijqu& jla .ekSug Tng yels fõ' we,amhska .ia fvdÊ lsÍu iy iïfma%IŒh ukao udre;h riú£u o Bg tla lr .; yelsh' idudkHfhka m:.; fkdl< iy wkdjß; ld¾h nyq, fõ,d rg yryd Èjqu óg¾ 5000 l Wkak;dxYhla w;aoeï imsß l%Svlhkag" wdrïNlhkag ysuOdjh Èf.a my<g wëlaIKhla iy /ljrKhla iys; jd;djrKhla ;=< —fíiska— tl ;rKh l< yels w;r th È.= jkafka lsf,daóg¾ l=vd .Kkla mu‚' kj;u m%idoh fya,s-ialska.a jk w;r hful=g wvq jdr ixLHdjlska udj; .; yelsh' tfukau" ials wx.k jkafka Y%S k.¾" mdyd,a.ï iy fidkaud¾.a h' l< hq;=u foa( j÷rka iy isj¿ka i|yd n,kak" th Tn my;g tk w;r;=r ukrï oiqkla fjú'

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rE igyka

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Rishikesh

ßYsflaYa yS fmK j;=f¾ myqre me§u .x.d kÈfha iqÿ fmK u; me§u iul< fkdyels wdiajdohls' 12 la olajd .Kkl lKavdhula rn¾ myqrla u; me§u lrkq yelsh" ta Yla;s mQ¾K fõ.hkag tfrysjh' Ôú;drlaIl celÜgq iy wdrlaIs; fy,auÜ wjêu;a Ndjfha ;shqKq wre;ska w;HjYHu foa fõ' YsjmQß isg ßYsflaIa yS rdïcQ,d" olajd lsf,daóg¾ 16 l muK we§ula wdjrKh lsÍug iu;a laI‚l is;=ú,a,la iy ldhsl Yla;shla th yev lrhs' myqre me§u i|yd weiqreï .kqfokqjlg t<ôug Tng mq¿jka jk w;r thg .x.d k§ f;r l+vdrïj, kej;=ï .ekSula o we;=,;a úh yelsh' isfhd;=kaf.a /õ i|yd wjÈùu iy .x.dj .,d hk y~ Wofha n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka ? hdu .sksue<hl iqj ú¢ñka o Ôù ix.S;hg ijka fhduñka o miq úh yelsh' myqre me§u i|yd fyd|u ld,h fmnrjdß iy cQksh;a wk;=rej Tlaf;danrh;a fkdjeïnrh;a fõ' l< hq;=u foa( YsLr u;=fhys wä 30-40 la fjk f;la msïula f.k" .; isis,a lrk úfõlhla i|yd kejqï j;=rg niskak'

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Wreuh

ieÕjqKq ftYaj¾hhl

ksOdkh

kj È,a,sfha merKs fldgqj ;=< uE;l§ isÿ lrk ,o leKSï j,È fu!¾h hq.fha isg uQ.,a hq.h olajd;a bkamiq ì%;dkH yd kQ;k hq.h olajd;a jk ld,hg wh;a ÿ,n kgnqka yd mqrdjia;= wkdjrKh lr .kakd ,È joka | j;ai,d fl!,a nek¾ð

kjÈ,a,sfha mqrdK laú,d ^merKs fldgqj& mßY%hg ±fjk rYañfhka yd wd¾ø;djfhka hq;a Èkh Wod jkafka rkajka wkdjrKhkaf. ka ;j ;j;a §ma;su;a fjñks' fuu ufyaYdLH k.rfha ìu u; ó' 10 x 10 y;/ ia fldgq u; ;Ügq .Kka Wig m%o¾Ykh jkafka bkaÈhdfõ úi,a jQ yd wmQ¾j jQ mqrd;k mqrd jia;+kah' bkaÈhdfõ mqrd;k k.rhla jk È,a,sh w;S;fha wjidÈ;hka lSmhla u; jev isá' tfia jQj;a tys b;sydih ms<sn|j yria lvla ±lSug yd ld,h yd fmd;a w;r je<,s .sh hq.fha h:d¾:hka mßl,amkh lsÍu kï is; ysß jefgk yd úiauh okjk w;a±lSuls' merKs fldgqj N+ñh ;=< we;s I¾ Idyaf.a I¾ uekav,a fj;ska w.aksÈ.g jkakg we;s leKSï ìfuys" bka§h mqrd úoHd iólaIKfhys (ASI) wm%;sy; W;aidyhkaf.a m%;sM,hla f,i mqrd úoHdfõ wmQ¾j jQ p;=rY%hka kjhla úoHdudk fõ' nEjqu u; we;s mäfm,a wdldrfha leKSï foi fk;a fhduk Tng wmf.a bmerKs b;sydih ms<sn| oDYHuh bÕs ,nd .; yelsh( my, n,kak" mqÿu iy.; f,i lÈu whqßka ms<siaiq rjqï l< fgrdfldgd k, fhdod ;kk ,o fu!¾h hq.hg wh;a <s|la

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Tng ±lsh yelsh' by< n,kak" t¿ megjqka mqrd úoHdj fkdfõ" mqrd úoHdj hkq Tn fidhd. N+ñodkh l< ìula yd fNdack ix.%yhl b;sß kq ,nk fohhs'ZZ jqKq fldgia f,i ie,lsh yels fgrdfldgd fuu jif¾ ckjdß udifha isg ASI fjfyiS j,ska ksuejqKq ifldard ^n÷ka& rdYshla Tn olskq jev lrkqfha leKSï yd tu fidhd .eKSï ms<n s |j we;' ol=K n,kak" .=ma;djrekaf.a flfrk m¾fhaIK i|ydh' 1950 yd bkamiq ld,j, ie,s yd nrKs .Kka j, yd 1970 .Kkaj, o fuu ùr ldjH ;ju;a mig .s,aù we;s w;r b;d N+ñh ;=< leKSï isÿ lrk ,o w;r uydNdr;h yd b;d blaukskau f,aLK.; lrkq tys wruqK jQfha uyd Ndr; ùr ldjH we;s in|;djh we;s f;dr;=re /ila ord isá' iuÕ tys we;s in|;djh fmkakï q ;yjqre lrk fu!¾h ld,hg wh;a mqrd;k lsÍuhs' .Dyhl .,a we;ssrE ldKq o iqx.d fuh r|d mj;skafka zzwdf,ams; woyiska 1950 ld,hg wh;a uv .fvd,ao ^ l%s' w¿ meye NdKavh ^PGW)ZZfidhd .Kka j,§ yd mQ' 200 muK& bkaamiq l%s'j' 200 g .eKSu u;h' th uyd Ndr;h 1970 .Kka j,§ muK wh;a l=Idka .fvd,ao" tu fj; ine¢hla mjihs' ASI ys iydh fuu N+ñfha bÈlsÍï j,ska zzfidrlïZZ lrk mqrd úoHd wêldÍjrhl= jk úYaKq fojrla leKSï ,o .fvd,aj,ska miqld,Skj lrk ldkaÜ fufia m%ldI lrhs' —jir isÿ lrk ,§ ,o bÈlsÍïo Tng kerôh yelsh' 2500 lg wE; hq.h fyda 500 ffY,uh iq,a;dka m%dldrhlao l%s'mQ'hq' wdikak ld,h f;la Èj wkdjrKh lr ;sfí' mqrd úoHd{ fâúâ y¾iaÜ hk fu!¾h uÜgu olajdu wm úiska fidhd.kq f;dauia jrla fufia mejiSh' zzTng ,efnk foa ,enqjd' tu fiùu ;j ÿrg;a há uÜgu olajdu

^wNsuqL msgqj& ohdnß; fmkqulska hq;= jhsl=ka;a úIaKq m%;sudj( ^by,& rdÊmq;a hq.fha fgrfldgd ifldard

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Wreuh

wLKavj lrf.k hkq ,nkjd'˜ uydNdr; N+ñh fï wi,u hï ;ekl we;ehs úYajdi flf¾' fuu mqrd úoHd leKsï N+ñh ;=< ldkaÜf.a bjis,u s ;a yd ±kqï iy.; wëCIKh hgf;a ishï q jev lghq;= isÿ flf¾' —merKs fldgqj wLKavju ckhdf.ka msÍ mej;s mqrdK ìula f,i m%ios O a hs' fuu leKsï u.ska ft;sydisl hq.hka wgla t<sorõ flfrkjd'˜ Tyq mjihs' fuu N+ñh

^by, jfï isg oCIsKdj¾;j& fidhd.kakd ,o n÷ka w;ßka tlla¦ jev ìfuys fiajlfhla¦ tla milska iajia;slhla we;s l=vd r|jkhla¦ úúOdldr l=vd myka yd n÷ka

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iqk. a d" l=Idka" .=m; a d" rdÊmq;a yd iq,; a dka hq.hka ;=,k s a fu!¾h isg uQ.,a olajd hq.hka .Kkdjla fmkakï q lrhs' tu hq.hg fumsg ì%;dkH yd kQ;k hq.hkag wh;a mqrdjia;k + oa ;j;a f;dr;=re lshdmdhs' uE;§u lrk ,o leKSï u.ska l=Idka hq.h" .=m = ; a hq.h yd rdÊmq;a hq.h f;la Èfjk kgUqka iys; ksOdkhla yuq ù we;' fof<diajk ishjfia jhslk = ; a a úYaKq ms<u s h" fgrfldgd

—wdf,ams; w¿ meye n÷ka ^PGW& uyd Ndr; N+ñh yd iïnkaO fjhs' jir 2500la tmsgg fyda ls%'mQ'hq' 500 muK ld,h ;=, fu!¾h hq.h jk f;la th fidhdf.k ;sfnkjd' Bg;a jvd há uÜgu f;la wms fiùï isÿ lrkjd' mqrdK fldgqj wLKavj ckhdf.ka msÍ .sh mqrd;k ìula f,i m%p,s; w;r fuu leKSï j,ska ft;sydisl ld, mßÉfþo wgla fy,s orjq lrhs˜ úIaKq ldkaÜ" iyldr mqrd úoHd wêldÍ" ASI

,dxPkh" we;a o< lvqll a u yd .=m; a d hq.fha .c,CIó molalu yd 18 jk ishjfia l=vd .fkaI ms<r s ej hkdÈh fuu ñ, l< fkdyels oE w;r lsym s hla muKs' fuys ;j;a jeo.;a mqrd jia;+ka yd NdKav fndfydauhlau fjhs' fu!¾h hq.fha isg tk w,xldr ueá NdKav len,s;"s w,xldr iq,a;dka ueá NdKav yd isksÿ uQ.,a ueá nvq" pu;aldrckl fldKavd fudaia;r iys; iqx.d m%;sud ysia" l=Idka hq.hg wh;a uqvq ysi ^fn!oaO NslaIqjla úh yels& f;areï .; fkdyels ;U ldis" ùÿre yd w¾O udyeÕs mn¿" wfYdal hq.fha§ bkaÈhdj yd YS% ,xldj iïnkaO flfrk W;=re ld,j¾K Tm±uQ NdKav ^NBPW& hkdÈh;a ^fïjdhska iuyrla wkqrdOmqrfhka fidhdf.k we;& úúO m%udKhkaf.a Ndú;d lrk ,o myka fukau ±jqkq ;sßÕ= yd iy,a OdkH;a fidhdf.k we;'

wfm%a,a 18 jk Èk f,dal Wreu Èkfha§ fuu N+ñh tla Èkla i|yd uyckhdg újD; flfßKs' ta i|yd jQ m%;spdr buy;a jQfhka th Èk folla olajd §¾> flßKs' WfoHda.Su;a orejkaf.a isg jdre we;sj weúÈk uy,a,d olajd ish¿ fokd wmf.a b;sydifhka fldgila ±lSu i|yd frdo ne|f.k meñKshy' wkdjrKh lr.kakd ;rugu" wmf.a iuDoaêu;a yd ishqï jQ w;S;fhka yd tys iaj¾Kuh jQ isoaëkaf.ka bf.kSug we;s m%udKh buy;a nj wms fidhd .;af;uq'

^jfï isg ol=Kg& .c,CIaó molalu¦ 18 jk ishjig wh;a l=vd .fkaI m%;sud¦ is;a weo.kakd fldKavd fudaia;rhka we;s m%;sudjla¦ w,xldrj ie,iqï lrk ,o mqrd;k ,s|la

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úúO;ajhka kïa

fldf;lao@

wd.ï" NdId" ixialD;Sk"a wdydr rgdjka fndfyduhlg bkaÈhdj jdiia:dkh fõ' tlsfkldf.a úYajdihka iy isß;a úß;a j, úixjdohka fkdi,ld yer" wmeyeÈ,s tfy;a mej;Sï jYfhka w;aoel we;s ixl,amh S uh —Ndr;h kï m%mxph— ;=< ì,shk 1'2la jk tys ck;dj tald;añlj isà joka | î tia m%ldYa

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ud wh;a jk f.da;%h" tkï bkaÈhdkq rdcH f,isk's ke;skï ir,;u Wml%uhla( ;uka ;dka;%slhka" úfoaY Y%djlhka yuqfjys bkaÈhdfõ uõrfÜ § l=uk NdIdj l:d lrkafka oehs h:d¾:h meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § we;eï m%ldY flfrys yskÈa " f;<sÕ=‍ fyda urd;s - wmf.a N+ñfha ienE <eÈ lula olajhs' fuu —WOD;˜ kej; kej; ffj;=,Hh meyeÈ,s lrñka" fï iEu NdIdjlau lSfuka yKñá woyia njg m;aùfï wk;=rla tlu ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hla ;=< myiqlï ,nd we;;a kshu bkaÈhdkq idrh .%yKh lrhs' we;af;a flfiaoehs wkHhkaf.a úiauh ;=< fl<s jdiqOdhsj l=gqïNlï fyj;a uq¿ f,dju fof,ka olskk a g ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hl§ fjkia tlu mjq,lah hk ixialD; iyDohkaf.ka úuikak' ud fuh wdma;h" ld,h mqrdjg bkaÈhdfõ wjqreÿ 30 la ;sif a ia lf<ñ' ndysr fmkqu Ñ;%Kh lrhs' kuq;a ud ;ju;a mqÿu jkafka lkakvdfjka m%ldYs; nyqúO;dj wNHka;ßlj uE;l§ ud fnka.dÆre ixpdrfha f,aLkfha fhÿKq .%yKh lrk" —úúO;ajh ;=< § W.;a foa ksidfjks' uu;a uf.a cdkam; s a iïudk tal;ajh˜ wfklls' ñ;=frl=;a - úN+;u s ;a lúfhl= o ,dNSka w;ßka uu o¦ fndfyda wd.ï" NdIdjka" od¾Yksl ukila we;af;l=o jQ ;u miafofkla ixialD;Ska" wdydr rgdjka''' m%foaYfha Ndú; flfrk lkakvd ksjfia§ ;j;a yS wmf.a úúO;ajh úiaul=re jd.a idïm%odhhka ms<n s |j úplaIK NdIdjla l;d §¾>;djlska hq;=j l:d lr woyia m< l< ã' wd¾' fnkaof a ¾ .ek lsÍfuys we;af;ñ' ì,shkhl ck;djla idlÉPd lrñka isáfhuq' —kuq;a Tyq iqr jQhæ /.;a rgl wkkH;dj ks;ru ;u ksjfia § l;d lf<a urd;s— uf.a mdfya úYajdih yd isß;a úß;a w;ska ñ;=rd woyia m< lf<ah' lkakvd úixjd§ jk kuq;a wmeyeÈ,s tfy;a mej;Sï niska ,shñka cdkam; s a iïudkh ÈkQ wg fokd jYfhka w;aoel we;s —bkaÈhdj fï hhs h hk w;=ßka mia fofklau fjk;a NdIdjla ksjfia § woyi˜ wkqj tald;au fõ' Ndú; lsÍfï myiqjla oelajy Q ' úfoaYk S a yg ;¾lh ksrEmKh lr fmkaùug cdkams;a hk bkaÈhdfõ f.!rjŒh idys;H ryfia ;nd .;a Wmdh lsym s hla ud i;=j ;sì‚' iïudkh" bkaÈhdkq NdId f,aLlhka i|yd 100 fha uqo,a fkdaÜgqjla yeu úgu uf.a miqïìfha jk W;a;Í;r ms<s.ekSu fõ' m%{dj i|yd jk r|jd ;sì‚" ta" ta u; ;sfnk - fnx.d,s" lkakvd" idïm%odhsl bkaÈhdkq f.!rjh ms<sn| yeÕSï fou< wd§ - fjkia ,shuka fmkaùug rel=,la wjqiaik kduhhs( —cdkams;a— hkq oekqfï mSÀldj

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oek.ekSu hym;s cdkams;a iïudkh idys;H welvñ iïudkh o iu.ska bkaÈhdfõ§ msßkefuk jvd;au f.!rjŒh idys;H iïudkhla fõ' bkaÈhdkq ks, NdIdj,ska tllska f,aLkfha ksr; ljr fyda bkaÈhdkqfjl=g

f,i mßj¾;kh l< yels w;r iïudkfha tl ixrplhla jkafka iriaj;shf.a" Ydia;%hg wêm;s yskaÿ fojÕkf.a f,dalv m%;sudjhs' m<uq jrg iïudkh msßkuk ,oafoa 1965 § h" ;jo 2014 jk úg§" iïudk 49 la m%odkh fldg ;sì‚' lkakvd f,aLlhka fjkqfjka iïudk wgla —f.dia˜ ;snqKq w;r" b;sßjdhska 10 la muKla yskaÈ f,aLlhka i|yd —.sfhah˜' fjk;a bkaÈhdkq NdIdj,ska ;u wkkH

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th msßkukq ,eìh yelsh' ta' fla' rdukqcdï bkaÈhdkq lúfhl= iy úoajf;l= jk foaYSh" wiïu; jHjydr j,g ksis;ek fok njg úYajdihg md;% jQfjls'

f,aL bÈßm;a l< whj¿ka .Kkdjla o ishjia mer‚ Èÿ,k idys;H idïm%odhhka ;yjqre lrñka iïudk Èkd .;af;dah' fmdÿ f,aL iy uQ,hka iys; b;d,s" m%xY" iamd[a[ iy mD;=.Sis yereKq úg wka yeu tllau tlsfklg fjkia fõ' bkaÈhdkqjka ;uka jgd we;s NdId lsym s hla okakd w;r jvd fyd| wOHdmkhla we;s bkaÈhdkqjka wju jYfhka bx.%i S s yer NdId follaj;a oksh's i|yka lsÍug jgkd ldrKh kï" flfiafj;;a" tla NdIdjl ks¾udKYS,; S j a fha uqÿka fm;a;g <Õd ù we;s iy wfkla NdIdj, jvd;a myiqfjka .sf,k f,aLlhkaf.a mka;s w;=ßka tla tla whf.a wkkH;djfha ixlS¾K;djh hs'

tla bkaÈhdkq m%dka;hl" tkï l¾Kdglfha N+f.da,Sh" ixialD;sl iy tkhska NdIduh nyqúO;ajh iy tys m%Odk NdIdj jk lkakvd iqlr f,i yiqrejk uqÿka fm;af;a isá idys;H fhdaOhka w;r WodyrK lsysmhla oekaúh yelsh' l=fjïmQ kï wdrEV kdufhka ,shk fla' ù' mq;a;dmd" 1967 §" ;u Y%S rdudhk o¾Ykï kï ùr ldjHh fjkqfjka cdkams;a iïudkh Èkd .;af;ah' Tyq uhsiQrfha uydrdcd úiska md,kh l< me/‚ uhsiQ¾ m%dka;fha l÷lr fldgfia ckau ,dNh ,eîh' uõ NdIdj f,i lkakvdfjka l;d lrk" Tyq fõodka; Ñka;kh iy ixialD;fhka wdNdIh ,en w;sYh Wiia iïNdjH lkakvd ffY,shlska ,shQ fmd; Tyq flf¾ f.k wdfõ f.!rjhls' kuq;a l<ska" Tyq msáir jd.a idïm%odfhka kjl;d ,shQ w;r tajdhska l÷lrfha jdih ,enQ jeiafika nß; .ïudk ms<sn| úYajhla ks¾udKh lf<ah' tu fmfofia bvï ysñhka iy f.dúhkaf.a ia:rdms; iudchls' 1973 iïudkh .sfha bkaÈhdkqjka fmfoi" jHjydrh iy ;ud jgd we;s fm!oa.,sl;ajh w;ska NdId fndfydajla yd;amiskau fjkia wfhl=gh' Ndú;hg .kakd fnkaoaf¾" f.ahldjH w;r jvd;a fyd| lsú÷" we;eï wjia:djl wOHdmkhla ,enQ lkakvdfõ fI,S f,i bkaÈhdkqfjda úreoh ,eî" mQfka kqjr wju jYfhka wOHdmkh ,en" urd;sfhka bx.%i S h s yer" NdId l;d lrk flfkl= jQ w;r folla j;a" oks;s Tyq l¾Kdglfha W;=reÈ. k.rhla jQ Od¾jd¾j,ska meñ‚fhla úh' ù' fla" f.daldla" 1990 iïudk,dNShd" tu yßfhkau meñ‚ wfhl= kuq;"a fjkia miqìulska hql; a fhl= úh¦ bkaÈhdkq YsIg a dpdr.; wdpdrhka ms<n s | .eUqre wjfndaOhla iys; by< fm<eka;f s ha úoHd¾Ófhl= yd Wml=,m;sjrfhl= úh' fjk;a whqrlska n,kafka kï" 1971 iïudkhg j. lshQ Ysjrdï lrdka;"a l¾Kdglfha uqyÿq nv k.rhla jQ Wvqmdhs ^oeka tys wjkay,a ksid m%lg fldaú,a k.rh& yS ÈkQ nyqúO me;slv oerE fm!reIhls' kkaúO we¨‍ïlï msß m%;N s d iïmkakfhl= jQ lrdka;"a oekqfï iEu biõjlu .s¨‍Kq" tksidfjkau lkakvdfõ úYajfldaIh ,shf q õhæ hlaId.k" ckl,d fõÈldj( úoHdj" mßirh" we£u" lDIsl¾uh( Tyqf.a weia udkhg yiq fkdjQ wjOdkhg md;% fkdjQ Ôjk oyula fkdùh' lrdka;af.a" uõNdIdj jQfha gQÆ h" je,af,a Ndú; fjkiau NdIdjla jQ kuq;a" Tyq bka jHdma;Sh" j¾Ifha kjl;dj" uq¿ukskau wkdjß; iajNdjhlska hq;=j" ;ud jgd .%dóh ìfuys mej;s" wiSre;d" lkakvdfõ

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cdkams;a iïudkh ^jfï& iy tys ch.%dylhka fofofkla" .sßIa ld¾kdoa ^my<& iy fla' ù' mq;a;dmd ^my<&

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^jfï& f.ahmo ldjH rpl ã' wd¾' fnkaoaf¾ ^ol=fKa& iïNdjkdjg m;a hQ' wd¾' wkka; uQ¾;s

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ú,diSh md¾Yajhka u;af;ys jeä wjOdkhla jQ ;reK úfha§u ñh.sh kuq;a fmdfydi;a iy fkdfhdojdu ,sùh' nyqúO Wreuhlg Ôjh ÿka ta' fla' rdukqcdï wfkla w;g ir,nj iy úi,a w,xldrh ms<sn|j Wmqgd oelaùu fhda.H fõ' idys;H ms<sn| w;sYh iqkaor flá l;d leghï l< úpdrl kñ;d f.dldf,a" rdukqcdï Wmqgd fnx.dÆre ks,Odßfhl= jQ udia;s fjkalgfIa olajk wkaoug Tyq iajNdjfhkau nyq NdIduh bfhka.¾ ;u ksjfia § fou< niska l;d lf<ah' fm!reIhla fõ( —l=;=y,h okjk úmßj¾;khla udia;s úiska lkakvdfjys fukau fouf<ys u.ska" ud lkakvd úIhhkayS ksn|ju fou< m%ùK;djla oelajQ fndfyda bfhka.rejreka iy lshjkjd" tfukau fou< úIhhka lkakvdfjka bfh¾jreka .Kkla ksfhdackh l< w;r Tjqka lshjkjd" bkaÈhdj ;=< bx.%Sish W.ekSuo ;u uq;=ka ñ;a;ka meñ‚ foi isgu bf.k .ekSuo" tlai;a ckmofha § meñ‚ whhs' bkaÈhdkq NdId Ndú;ho o lrkjd wfkl=;a iïNdjkSh cdkam; s a ^;u m%nkaOuh iajhxpß;dmodkfha" cdkams;a ch.%dylhka ;ju;a wm w;r fï l;d kdhlhd" wfhdajdyS iïudk,dNS isáhs' .sßIa ld¾kdoa fldkaldks iy l=vd mdi,l b;sydih W.kajk Ysjrdï lrdka;a" urd;s l;d lrhs" iïNdjkdjg m;a weußldkq Nd¾hdjla iu.ska ;u ;u uõni kjl;dlrejl= iy rpkdlrejl= <ud wjêh kej; fufkys lrhs&' gQÆ jqj;a" jk hQ' wd¾' wkka; uQ¾;s bx.%i S s —uf.a uq,au wjqreÿj,§" uu wïudg lkakvdfjka uydpd¾hjrfhl= fõ' Tjqka fofokdu l;d lf<a uÿrdis fouf<ka" wmsg úYajfldaIhla fjk;a bkaÈhdkq wdydr ms<sfh, lr ÿka bfhka.¾ ,sùhæ NdIdj,ska wdhïu,d ksid uu uhsiQ¾ fou< ,sùu i|yd foig yereKd¦ ksjfika msg; ms<. s ekSu ms<n s | § uu hy¿jka iu. l;d lf<a Yla;s iïmkak wdOdrlrefjda lkakvdj,ska' Wvquyf,a ;u ld¾hd, ldurfha fj;s' ;d;a;d bx.%Sisfhka l;d l<d''' ta whqßka" Wvq fï WodyrK lkakvd nig uy<ska-md; uy<g" we;=f,ka-t<shg wd§ wod<j jk kuq;a idudkH iy jYfhka uu NdId ;=klska l;d lrkakg NdId úoHd;aul úúO;ajh tla mqreÿfjñka jevqKd'˜ ldrKhla f,i f.k bkaÈhdkq —rdudhK lShla ;sfnkjdo@ ;=ka ishhla@ ;=ka nyqúO;ajh ms<sn|j úYd, oyila@— rdukqcdïf.a m%p,s; rpkhla mgka jYfhka l;d flf¾' wdkqNd .efkhs' Tyq iaurKh lrñka" wmg weish yels iïmkak lúfhl= iy úoajf;l= jkafka" —úúO;ajhka lShla ;sfnkjdo@ hkakhs'

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iq.kaOh;a isg idrh;a ksid" ch.%yKh ieu;skau wUj,g ysñh' fï m<;=f¾ úi,a W;amdolhd o mdßfNda.slhd o bkaÈhdj jk w;r" f,dal fndcqka l,dfõ uq,a fhojqï w;r Bg ckm%sh;djh ks;e;skau ysñh joka | cdkù i¾ud

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f,dalfha m<;=re w;ßka jvd;au ckm%h s >¾u lrk úl,am iïnkaOfhka m%p,s;h( rdiamQß" l,dmSh m<;=r jk wU mqrd;kfha isgu idf*vd ^fíka.dkamd,a,s&" k,Sï" ysïhd;a" bkaÈhdfõ j.d lrñka mej; wdfhah' ieneúkau" ;dïnQ¾ m%shd¾" u,af.dajd iy u,a,sld" tl wU iïNjh ,nkafka" bkaÈhdfõ kef.kysr tlla wkkH j¾Kfhkao rifhka o iu.ska fmfoia" wkaouka Èjhskj a , iy ñhkaudrfhah fõ' flaid¾" tys wkQmu rih i|yd iy È.= ^l<ska nqreuh&' th fn!oaO NslI a k Q a jykafia,d iÔj ld,hlg m%isoaO jk w;r .=crd;ayS iy úiska uef,aih s djg;a wdishdfõ uydrdIag%fha jefõ' kef.kysr fmfoiaj,g;a y÷kajdfokq ,eì‚" ta l%i s ; a = bkaÈhdkq wdydr l,dj rildrlhla j¾Ifhka miajk ishjfia§h' tys woaN+;" m%S;sh okjk rih f,i wU kQ;kfha" f,dalfha wU - wU wdydr msiSfï § tla lr jHdma;j Ndú; ksIamdokfhka wvlau bkaÈhdfõ .kq ,nk uQ, øjHhla njg m;a flfrk w;r ksmojk kuq;a bka wka;¾cd;sl lrhs' fï Èkh olajd" wU whsia uqfia,s iy ´Ü uÜgug hefjkafka ishhg l%Sï" wdï mkakd ^mfya ri uqiq jeks fiÍ,a tlllg;a wvq m%udKhla jk w;r lr msiQ wU - w;sf¾l wdydrhla wdydrj, bkaÈhdkq rildóyq bka nyq;rhlau o jdÔlrK mdkhla o fõ& iy úYsIag u;= ;u mßfNdackhg .ks;s' ;ka;= wU wÉpdre bkaÈhdkq ksfjia j, we;sß,a,la rys;" iqj|j;a w,afmdkafida wU ks;r oelsh yelsh' uydrdIag%fha idohs wdrïNh fok j¾.fha ñys/;s wïrdldkaoa ^wU Y%Sldkaoa& jeks l,alSh ndodñ úfYaIh olajdu" l,dmSh úfYaI ñysß fhda.Ü iu.ska fuu wk.s m<;=f¾ m%uqL ksIamdolhd f,i uqiq l< wU l,alh ixfhdackfhka ie¥ oE fmkS isàfï iqúfYaIh bkaÈhdj úiska mj;S' W;=re bkaÈhdfõ §" isyskaj fm;s l< b,a,d isák w;r fojeks ;ek i|yd ysñlï iy ysre ;dmfhka úh¿E wU uqrínd hkqfjka mdkafka Ökhhs' iska¥ß" ÿfiyaÍ" fpdaid" *dis" ye¢kafjk wdrlaIlhla iE§ug fhdod .efka' ,lafkdajd" cjqydÍ" .=,dí ldia" iy ,ka.%d wU rih fh¥ idïnd¾ ^mßmamq mdoul ishU,d hk j¾. bkaÈhdfõ W;a;¾ m%foaYa yS j.d iu.ska jk Èhr fydoao& ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ § flf¾' bka§h olaIsK m%foaY is;a pls;hg m;a o W;=re bkaÈhdfõ § ier iqj|e;s wU rih

wdï mkakd

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bjqï msyqï

fh¥ mßmamq ^mßmamq lßh& jika;fha m%Œ; wdydrhls' wdïrdia" iskS iy lsß iu. wU l,alfhka iE¥ hqIh" .=crd;a" uydrdIag%fha fyda rdcia:dkfha n;a fyda mQßia ^neÈ mdka&" mdka iu. fyd¢ka mEfya' bÿKq wU l,alh ngysr È. bkaÈhdfõ fldkaldksia u.ska o uka.dod kï cEï j¾.h iE§ug Ndú; flf¾' wdkaød m%foaYa yS mßmamq iE§ug wU iE§ug Ndú; flfrk w;r .=crdgfha § pqkavd ^iQrk ,o wU ñY%Kh& iE§ug Ndú; flf¾' wU ,is ^fhda.Ü iu. uqiq l< wU& fndfyda bkaÈhdkqjkag fukau ol=Kq bkaÈhdkqjkag mdkSh úl,amhla fõ'

f.da,Sh rih ngysr bjqï msyqï l,dfõ §" wU cEï j¾. iy w;=remi iE§ug Ndú; flf¾' wU i,aid" wU fc,s iy wU fr,sIa b;d ckm%sh wdydr fõ'

^by<& wU Ys¾ldkaoa ^uqÿfka& wU wÉpdre

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ms,smSkfha §" wuq wU ne.+ka.a ^meijQ ud¿ fyda l+‚iaika iy ¨‍Kq iu.&" ud¿ fidaia fyda bisk ,o ¨‍Kq l=vq iu. wdydrhg .efka' ud¿ wdY%s; wdydr msiSfï§ nyq,j Nsú;d jk kuq;a fuu m<;=r l=l=¿ uia iu.o fyd¢ka .e,fma' ;dhs,ka;fha §" uOHu weußldkq rgj, jHxck ri lsÍu i|yd th Ndú; flf¾" th ¨‍Kq" úkdlsß" l¿ .ïñßia iy ier fidaia iu. ukdm fõ' yjdhs ys § ks;ru mdfya wU pd¾.%s,a lr wdydrhg .kq ,efí' ,;ska weußldfõ §" f,,s yer .;a wU ùÈj, l+rej, .id úlsfKa' fuu m<;=r rildrlhla f,i Ndú; flfrk w;r" uQia,s iy ´Ü jeks OdkH wdydr j, wk¾. u;=msg ieris,a,la f,i Ndú; flfrhs'

kjH Ndú;hka f,dj mqrd isák wrlaleñfhda ;u jÜfgdare j, wU w;ayod ne,Sug lghq;= lr;s' bkaÈhdfõ §" wU nqßhdks ^l=¿nvq" t<j¿ iy wU iu. n;a u; fhfok jeks wdydr&" wuq wU mdrd;d ^wuq wU msrjqu iu. neÈ mdka& iy wdïrdia weÆ ^w¾;dm,a uqiq bÿKq wU fidaia tl& iu. wms tkafkuq'

kkaúO wU whsia l%Sï mka;shla

cd;Hka;rj" cmdkh rie;s iqYS iu. meñfKk w;r tys wUj,ska msrjQ frda,a j¾. ieokq ,efí' fmd,a lsß iu. iEfok m%ikak iqj|e;s wef,k iq¿ n;a kejqï wUj,ska jefik fia mqrjd ms<s.kajk w;=remi fndfyda .s‚fldK È. rgj, olkg ,efí' ngysr rgj, we;eï iQmfõ§ka mdka iu. wU ms<s. kajhss' wU iu. msfik l+‚iaika iy Öia fh¥ cef,dmsfkdaia iy W!reuia iy wU iu. msrjQ frda,aia tlai;a ckmofha w¿;au wdydr y÷kajd§ï w;r ;sfí'

fi!LHh iy ;j;a fï m<;=r ksula ke;s fi!Lh m%;s,dN iu. meñfKhs' wU wdydr jÜfgdare hläka iy úgñka ta iy B j,ska msÍ we;' .¾NŒ uõjrekag iy kSrla;sfhka fmf<k ck;djg wU fmdaIŒh wdydrhla fõ' th wdï,sl;djg tfrysj igka lsÍug" wjfYdaIŒh .=Kh jeäÈhqKq lsÍug WmldÍ jk w;r m%;sTlaisldrl j,ska imsß wU iug hym;a fõ' yDo frda.j,g tfrysj /ljrKh imhk tys fi,Skshï wvx.= fõ' wU fm;s fldamamhla ksYdkaO;djh j<lajd,k w;r jvd;a fyd| oDIaÀhla kv;a;= lsÍu i|yd WmldÍ lrhs'

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bjqï msyqï

vd,a fpdajd,a we/kaisks" wÉpdre" memdâ iy pÜks iu.ska

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odhdohl

m%fndaOkh

bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj f.da,Sh iQmfõo is;shfï mdßY=oaêfha wkkH;dj h<s ;yjqre lrñka isà' kùk bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj kñka ye¢kafjk ixl,amh msgqmi we;s l;dj foi wms ne,aula fy<uq joka | uOq,sld odYa

bkaÈhdkq wjq¿ meka l,dj l=l=¿ uia álald uid,d ^lr l< l=l=¿ uia l=Üá& iu.ska ngysrg <Õd jQfha 1809 § h' kef.kysr bkaÈhdkq iud.u ysgmq hqo Ngfhl=f.a mqf;l= jQ ãka fudfyduâg ysñj ;snQ" yskaÿia:dks fldams ueÿr ;=< msßkeuqKq" fï iqugj mfya ri .ekajQ weg rys; l=l=¿uia tu j¾Ifha m%jK;dj njg m;afjñka my< uka;%S uKav,fha idudðlhkag —iQmfõofha §ukdj˜ la f,i m%ldYhg m;a fldg msßkeñ‚' Y; j¾I tlyudrlg miqj ng¾ Ñlka ^fudare j,ska ri l< l=l=¿ uia& iy vd,a uldks ^lsß fh¥ mßmamq& f,dalhg y÷kajd fokq ,eì‚' thska fï jÜfgdare ;=k bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj y÷kajk m¾hdh mo njg m;aúh' m%p,s; úYajdihg mgyeksj f.dia mjif;d;a" fï lsisjla ngysr fndcqka fïi ri .kajkakg is;du;d ms<sfh, lrjk ,o tajd fkdfõ' kj bkaÈhdkq iQmfõofha mßÉfþohla y÷kajd fokq ,enQ" ckm%jdo.; nqßhdks ^mfya" uia$t<j¿ iu.ska msfik n;la& iy flndí ^uia fyda t<j¿ j, lr

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bjqï msyqï

vínd f.dIaÜ

l< l=Üá& fuka" idïm%odh weiqßka ks¾udKh flfrk kjuq fohl wjYH;dj msßuid Æ tajdu úh' fï l%shdj,sh ;dlaIKfha iy wuqøjH rgdfõ úldYkh i|yd uQ,sl úh' ;jo" wjia:dkql+,j" kùk bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj kï ixl,amhla njg m;aúh' m%;sM,h( iEu w¿;a iQmfõ§ —mrïmrdjlau˜ th ksueùfï kj udj;la ÿgy' WodyrKhla jkafka nqßhdksh' fuda.,a /ðKl jQ uqïgdia uy,a foaúh úiska yuqodjka fmdaIKh i|yd yev jev fldg ksuejQ fï wk.s

hï;ñka neÈ t¿uia pdma" fïm,a iy fldl=ï .af,aia iu.ska

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fndÿk tys rih wvqjla fkdue;sju ie;mqï .Kkdjla ÿrg ixpdrhl fhÿfKa" fuda.,a wêrdcHfha mßydkshg fmr mshjr y;l lvq¿ miq lrñks' yhsødndofha nqßhdksh fiñka msiSfï iy uo .skafka msiSfï ;dlaIKh ms<sn| m%p,s; ixl,amh y÷kajd È‚' kQ;k hq.fha §" kj;uh u.ska idïm%odhsl rih y÷kajd fokq ,en we;ehs woyia lrkq ,efnhs' oeka" ksydß kï wdydrh msiSfï§ uia j, rih Wmojd .ekSug jKavqfõ ;eïîfï l%uhg /hla mqrd msiSu flfrhs - tla tla

úldYkfha ms<sìUqjla bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj úldYkh ùug mgka f.k we;' .ef,daá flndí rdclSh wkq.%yhl m%idofha wdf,dalh ÿgqjdh' uDÿ iy rij;a wdydrhl ri ne,Sug is;ñka isá /ðK fjkqfjka th ms<sfh, ú‚' thska miqj gqkafâ flndí oelsh yels úh" tajd uia mßmQ¾K;ajh lrd f.k taug f;rla ke;s meh .Kkla jev l< tl;a fldalshka f.a kñka kï ù we;' ta;a ;j;a kjHlrKhla jQfha kï ta rdïmQß lsÉvd h' th ,lakõ" wjdoa" yhsødndoa iy rdïmQ¾yS kjdí fldalshka w;r mej;s ;rÕhl m%;sM,hls' wdydrh ms<sfh, jkafka n;a iy msiagd ^msiagdÑfhda& mßmamq iu.ska iudk uÜgug

f.akakg wdukaâ leghula lsÍfuks' f,dal mQð; frdfid.=,dia" tajdfha uDÿNdjh ksidu úfYaIs;hs" w;sßla;h w;=ßka wkkH jQ fohla ksujkakg jQ wjYH;dj ksid W;am;a;sh ,eîh' mydfvda frdfid.=,dia ^TäId yS nqjfkaiaj¾ wdikakfha msysá l=vd .ïudkhla kñka kï lr we;& tys we;s lsß w;sßla;h ksid úldYh ,enQ njg mqrdjD;a;hla we;' ieneúkau" th ks;ru mdfya fpkakd fmdafvda ^lr l< iSks uqiq l< ßfldÜgd flacq&" tkï bkaÈhdfõ uq,au Öiaflala f,i ye¢kafjk w;r W;aidyh jer§ .sh úYd, frdfid.=,a,djla ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ yg .;af;lehs lsh fõ'

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bjqï msyqï

l=kaodmQ¾ yS jeishka úiska y÷kajd fok ,o th lene,a, ri uqiqjl nyd jdhq rys; wdjrKhla ;ka¥rhla ^ueá Wÿkla& u; uia m,yk lemS ;=< yqud,fhka meh lsysmhla ;ïnd .efka' ri fmfkk wdldrhls" thska uig ÿï rihla tla ;=,kh lsÍu fyda jvd;a fyd|g bÈßm;a lsÍu flf¾' thska ;ka¥ß wdydr fndfyduhl rih i|yd msßueiqï ;dlaIKhla jYfhka wKql Wmojk w;r Bg fmaÜ iaghs,a tfla .,djd;s iQmfõoh jeks foa fhdod .efka' rdhsgd ^mfya flndí ^.eUqre f;f,a neÈ uDÿ uia yd t<j¿ fh¥ fhda.Ü& f.da,kh lsÍfï §" nexfldla kqjr mia;E,& o we;=,;a fõ' tajd ..a.dka wjkay, u.ska ckm%sh È,a,sfha ITC Maurya fydag,fha vï lrjkakg fhÿKq isis,kh l< mqlaÜ wjkayf,a m<uq fukqfjka yekaol ;nd iefok f.da,dldr uqïgdia uy,a kej;;a y÷kajd fokq ,eì‚' tajd yevhlska hqla; mfya fh¥ fhda.Ü" foaúh úiska fï kej; wd.ukh lrkafka iQodkï lsÍfï § ieliqï ridhkh jeäÈhqKq l< rï ri uqiqjl nyd tjkq ,nk f,i fhdod .efkkafka fidaähï nqßhdks" w;ayod ckm%sh rdka iy fj,skagka iaghs,a we,aðfkaÜh' nqnq,kj, nyd tjk ne,Sï y;la tfla m*a fmaiaÜrs weiqreul wdydrh uqj ;=< § msmsÍ fhda.Ü yd iys;j fuda.,a tjkq ,nk fldlafÜ,a ÆKq iu. bkaÈhdkq ;=kmy ri okjk w;r wêrdcHh 80 oYlfha§h' tu rih hgm;a fkdlru kshu wjidkh oelSug ieneúkau" kej; fidhd.ekSu" whqßka ,nd foa' fï yd iudku fmr ish .uk f.da,Sh iQmfõo is;shfï bkaÈhdkq fohla cdf,aì ud¿ ì;a;r wÉpdrej imqrd,Sh bjqï msyqï l,dfõ mdßY=oaO;ajh ieliSfï § o fhdod .efka' ;eô,s kej; ;yjqre lsÍfï uQ,sl meye ud¿ ì;a;r wÉpdrejl idOlhla njg m;a ù ;sfí' WodyrK jYfhka" ;eáhla ksujk l%shdj,sfha § wKql ;dlaIKh gdÊ uy,a ukaÈrfha iy gj¾ia uid,d Ys,amfha fhdod .efkk w;r tys riuqiq m%;sM,h ye÷kqï i,l=Kq lrk wdydrhla jk wÜgd Ñlka cdf,aìh ^tkï msá weiqreul tk neomq me‚ri ^msá fnda,hla we;=f,a nyd mq¿iaik ,o mfya lEu&' isis,a l< rdíÈ ^lsß w;=remi& u;af;ys fh¥ l=l=¿uia& oelaúh yelsh' fï ldoa m%cdj msßkuk tu.ska idïm%odhsl cdf,aì-rdíÈ ri ^W;=re bka§h l=U,alrefjda& g wh;a wdydrh kej; kej;;a f.fkhs' tfår iQmfõ§ .=rel=,h g wkqj ielfikakla .S f.daiaÜ ^msßmyÿ l< ng¾ iu.ska m,yk ,o t¿uia& wdydrho ri .kajk úêh fjkialr jk w;r ri uqiqjl ,d meh .Kkla je,af,a j<,d msfik l=l=¿uia jHxckhls" ke;skï we;' ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ hqoldó m%cdjla jk

;ka¥ß l< oïmeye ieuka ud¿

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cdf,aì kï ud¿ ì;a;r wÉpdrej ie*arka .af,aia iy msiagdÑfhda rdíÈ iu. ^my<& m%S;sodhl njqfÉ fyda fiaõ mQß jev wrUd we;

;ka¥rhl .skswÕ=‍re ;dmfhka uo.skafka msfikakls' uid,d Ys,amfha §" wdydrh msfikafka ueáfhka l< n÷kaj, ,d ñks;a;= 45 lg jeä ld,hlska h" wk;=rej mq,ald ^bkaÈhdkq mdka& iu. msßkukq ,efí' t¿uia pdma ^lr l< t¿ b, weg& hkq ;j;a wdl¾IŒh m%;Hq;amdokhls' fï msáir we*a>ksia:dkq wdydrhg rildrl f,i ¨‍Kq iy ñßia lsysm j;djlau tla flf¾" jvd;au ckm%sh rildrl kï wdïl¾ ^msál< wuq wU& iy .rï uid,d ^ly" l¿ .ïñßia" lr|uqx.=''' jeks l=¿nvq ñY%Kh& h' fïm,a isrma iu. t¿uia pdma iy fldl=ï .af,aia" ð.aia l,ard úiska uid,d ,hsn%ß ys§ msßkuk w;r th m<uq t¿uia pdma tl iómhgu meñfKhs' th ms<sfh, lsÍfï ;ka¥ß lr lsÍfï ;dlaIKh wkq.ukh flf¾' weg len,s lrd jefgk wdf,dalh wdydrhg Wreu ,laIK f.k ths' ñIaá fodahs f,d,sfmdma" m%;s Wÿka ;eáhla u; we;s ñIaá fodahs ^me‚ri yl=re fhda.Ü& j,ska idok ieKlska ñfok l=Üá" ñfok wjia:dfõ isi, s a khsgc % ka jdhqj Wrd .kS" WIaK;ajh fjkia ùul§ jqj;a ri fkdkeiS mj;ajd .ekSug yelshdfjka hql; a hs' iEu wdydrhlau kùk bkaÈhdkq wdydr l=,lfha ,d

ie,lSug ;dlaIKfha fjkilg n÷kaùu wjYH fkdfõ¦ iuyrla m:H;dj w;ska úYsIg a jk w;r wfklla iu¾mK .=Kh w;ska fmrgqfjka isà' fudma,d iaghs,a tfla .sf;,a n;a jeks iy l=l¿ = uia jHxck jeks" yqud,fhka ;ïnd" fld< meye flfi,a m;l ms<. s kajk foa fyda l=¿ .kajk óka fõúpd;= ^ñßia Èhr fydoaol .s,s f;dar ud¿& wh;a jkafka ñka m<uq .Khghs' wdydrj, ixfhdack lg ok iq¿ iy ri ;=,kh lrk wdldrhl wdfgdamhla mdk iy l=¿nvq wêNdú;hlska f;drj idïm%odhsl wkkH;djla ks¾udKh lrk tajd fõ' lrmsxpd-.ïñßiabiaika iy ;dhS¾ idoï ^f;ïmrdÿ l< fhda.Ü n;a& msÕdkla msßkeóu ;j;a tjeks rij;a mQ¾jdydrhla fõ' isi, s a l< ólsß n;a u.ska .ïñßia iy biaika f.a .skh s ï .;sh ;=,kh lrhs' vd,a fpdajd,a we/kaik s s ^mekaflda wdf,am l<" neÈ mßmam-q n;a fnda,& iu¾mKfha § l%h s dldÍ m%;M s , f.k ths' fï idïm%odhsl uydrdIag% m%Odk wdydrh óÜfnda,a l=vd memdâ ^l¿ ;sßÕ=‍j, ;=kS fm;s& iu.ska irik ,ÿj we;sjdla jeks fyda pÜks fyda wÉpdre jrla lEug muKla iqÿiq nhsÜ tlla f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu jeks" Bg;a jeäfhka vdys nd,d ^mfya ril< fhda.Ü iu. mßmamq jfâ& whsia l%ï S iShd" tkï uqïndhs kqjr Tnfrdahs fydag,fha msßkuk iShd jeks wdydrhla fõ'

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ixjdoh

—ug oeka

is;a;ejq,a lsis;a keye˜

l=i,dk wysñ 2013 ka miqj" w;siQr bkaÈhdkq m%ydßldj" idhskd fkajd,a h<s;a wef.a ú,dih;a ldhsl fhda.H;dj;a Èkd ;j;a iïudk fm<yrla i|yd iQodkñka miqjkakSh joka | .eÍud j¾ud

úfõpkfha m%;M s , úgl is;. a kakd iq¿h' uqÿka ;,fha isák bkaÈhdkq neâñkagka l%ä S ld" idhskd fkajd,a" 2012 T,sïmsla f,dalv molalu ÈkQ fõ,dfõ §" weh ljuodlj;a jerÈ wähla ;eìh fkdyels fl,a,la njg m;aj isáhdh' ta;a blaì;sj t<eUqKq w,i úrduh;a iu. meñ‚ —iïudk yd l=i,dk ysÕh— wehj ksjerÈj wählaj;a ;eìh fkdyels wfhl= njg m;alr ;sì‚' flfiafj;;a" wef.a udkisl Yla;shg mskaisÿ jkakg" idhskd" fuu wjÈh ch .;a;dh' lS¾;sfha § ;Dma;su;a jkakg weh okafka kï" yoj; m¿ÿ lr fkdf.k fy<d oelSfï§ o .kqfokq lrk yeá weh okS' —tal idudkHhs—" weh lshkakSh' —wm Èkk wjia:dj, § yeu wdldrhlu m%Yxid ,efnk kuq;a tla mrdchl § úfõpkfha ññKqï j,g uqyqK §ug È isÿù ;sfnkjd' kuq;a ud tajd ndr .kafka l%SvdYS,S fldaKhlska' uE;u isoaêfha § mjd" ud iqjh ,eîug iy jvd;a Yla;su;aj mqyqKqùï j, ksr; ùug yelshdj ,enqjd'— weh ;Èka f,dn ne| isá 2012 T,sïmsla isyskh f,dalvfhka igyka lsÍfuka iy tu jif¾u fvkaud¾la újD; ;rÕdj,sh ch .ekSfuka miqj" wef.a ch ixfla; leìfkÜgqfõ fmfkkakg

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;nkakg lsisjlska 2013 ieriqfKa ke;' wEg;a jvd fï fkdikaiqka .;sh oekqfka weh jgd isá Èß .kajkakkag ksid Tjqka úfõplhka njg m;a flß‚' —ud bÉPd rys; ;;a;ajhlg m;ajqfKa keye' ;=jd, ,enQ ksid uf.a Wmßuh ,nd §ug fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;ajqKd' ta;a ug f,dal fY%a‚.;h ;=< uf.a wxlh y;r;a kjh;a w;r /l .ekSug yels jqKd' ud fndfyda ;rÕj, w¾O wjika mQ¾j jghg <Õd jqKd' thska fndfydajl wjika mQ¾j jghg tkakg mq¿jka jqKd"˜ 24 úhe;a;sh u;l igyka ;nkakSh' 2014 g ia;=;s mQ¾jl jkakg ;u fmrgq.dñhd fuka l=ßre jQfha ke;' th wdrïN jkafka bkaÈhd újD; .%Ekaâ m%slaia rka molalu iy ´iafg%,shdkq újD; iqmsß ;rÕdj,sfha iïudkh iu.ska msß úYajdi iy.; msì§ul odhdoh we;sjhs' idhskd yeÕSï m< lf<a —ud .e,jqKd— hkqfjka jqj;a wjidkfha § fï ch yUd hEu tf;la wrd isá úfõpk mrdchg m;a lr oeóug iu;a ùh' —fï ch.%yK ug úYajdih f.kdjd' ;rÕh mqrd uf.a fõ.h jeä ÈhqKq jqKd' fï wjqreoafoa ug fyd| ksfrda.S .;shl=;a fõ.j;a m%;spdrhl WKqiqu;a oefkk ksid" ;rÕ idOkh jvd;a hym;a ù ;sfnkjd' ;=jd, uq¿ukskau iqjhs" mqyqKqj Bg;a jvd fyd|hs'

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ixjdoh

jfï isg olaYsKdj¾;j( ;rÕdj,shl Woa§ma;shg m;a fudfyd;la" wef.a foudmshka iu." Wmydr Wf<,l§ mqyqKqlre mq,af,a,d f.damspdkaoa iu.

fï m%;sM, ug fï jif¾ jeä ch.%yK w;alr .ekSug ffO¾hh f.akjd'˜ iqúi,a biõ .Kkdjla meñfKkakg kshñ; fyhska" ldhsl fhda.H;dj iy wd;au úYajdih w;ska idhskd h<s msì§u wehg;a rgg;a ;j;a iïudk lsysmhla ysñjk ,l=Kq fmkakqï lr we;' ta;a wk;=re weÕùï iu. .kqfokq lsÍu kï" wehg bjid isáh fkdyels hula ù ;sfí' weh wkd.;fha fkdfmfkk ÿrla .ek isysk ujkjdg jvd w; <Õu —ug ;=jd, isÿ jqKq ksid we;s wNsfhda.h .ek is;kakg Wmßuh olajkakg fkdyels leu;sh' —ud ldg fyda hula Tmamq jqKd' ta;a f,dal fY%a‚ lrkakg is;ñka isákafka kE' lsÍu ;=< y;r;a kjh;a ;rÕh mj;skafka wx.kh ;=<hs' w;r /f`okakg ug mq¿jka uu ksfrda.Shs" ;=jd, fudlj;a keye" jqKd' fndfyda ;rÕdj,s fyd| fi!LHfhka ;uhs bkafka' j, § w¾O wjika mQ¾j iy oeka ud <Õ is;a lror lsisjla kE"˜ wjika mQ¾j jg olajd tkak idhskd mjikakSh" ta ta fjkqfjka yelshdj ,enqKd˜ lK.dgq jk fndfyda fofkl=g bka ñfokakg ld,h nj iy;sl lrñks' fuu bkaÈhdkq hqj;sh ;udf.a yelshdjka .ek j.n,d .ekSug fukau ;j;a fndfydauhlf.a ye`.Sï ms<sn|j j. ùug;a mqreÿ mqyqKq ù we;s yevhss'

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