Tamil india perspectives march april 2016 by Indian Diplomacy

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CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

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Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

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,e;j rhjdq;fs; midj;Jk; gy;NtW gpujpfspd; Nrfhpg;ig ngw;W kdpj ,dj;jpd; epWtdq;fsplk; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; Nrkpj;J fyhr;rhu epidTfs; kw;Wk; ntspg;ghLfis itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rkPgj;jpa tUlq;fspy;> xU ghJfhf;f Kaw;rpf;fpw cyf jpl;lkhd Fwpg;gpl;l mstpyhd ,e;j rhjdq;fs; b[pl;ly; And];Nfhtpy; (UNESCO) Nrh;j;jNghJ> tbtkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Mdhy;> mJ kPz;Lk; gzpj;jpl;lkhdJ xU nghpa ntw;wpia gy;NtW jsq;fspYk; rh;th;fspYk; gjpNtw;wk; gjpTnra;jJ. nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. Njrpa ,iza E}yfk; 2013y;> ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfSf;fhd Njrpa NtWgl;l ,lq;fspy; cs;s gzpj;jpl;lkhdJ Vw;fdNt 37 ,tw;iw ,izj;J midj;J yl;rk; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfis ifnaOj;Jg; rhjdq;fisAk; xOq;FgLj;Jk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ> %d;W mjdhy; midj;ijAk; Nfhb gf;fq;fSf;F Nkyhf gpujpfSf;fhd Njrpa vspjhf NjlTk; ngwTk; ghJfhj;Js;sJ kw;Wk; gzpj;jpl;lkhdJ ,aYk;. fpl;lj;jl;l ,uz;L Nfhb Vw;fdNt fpl;lj;jl;l ,e;j $l;L Kaw;rpapy; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfis 37 yl;rk; ifnaOj;Jg; nghpJk; gadilAk; b[pl;by; tbtg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,uz;lhtJ jpl;lk; ,e;j ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfSk; gpujpfis vd;dntd;why; ifnaOj;Jg; Njrpa ,iza E}yfj;jpd; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ gpujpfSf;fhd Njrpa xU mq;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j gzpj;jpl;lkhFk;. 2003y; gzpj;jpl;lkhdJ ehL KOtJk; cUthd ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; vd;dntd;why; mjpf mstpyhd gpuhe;jpa ikaq;fis ,e;jpahtpDila gue;j ifnaOj;Jg; nfhz;Ls;sJ> ,it ifafg;gLj;Jjy;> gpujpfis ghJfhg;gjhFk;. GNdtpYs;s mwptpg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ig Vw;ghL nra;a gz;lhh;fh; fpof;fj;jpa Muha;rp epWtdj;jpy; cjTfpwJ. itf;fg;gl;bUe;j hpf;Ntjj;jpd; ifnaOj;Jg; ,jw;F xU rpwe;j cjhuzk; vd;dntd;why;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

,lJ: E}yfq;fs; Fwpj;j e\dy; kp\dpy; njhlf;ftpohtpy; ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp fyhepjp gpuzhg; KfH[p@ NkNy: ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfis b[pw;wy; kakhf;Ftjpy; Ntiyahw;Wk; mjpfhupfs

Mrpa Ma;Tfspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; ,e;jpah jdJ yl;rpa E}yf jpl;lg;gzpf;F gpnuQ;R epWtdk; <Nfhy; gpuhd;ir]; b gpuhd;]pd; cjtpia ehLtjdhy;> gpuhd;]; vf;];l;hPk; Xhpad;l; (École Française D’Extrême jd;Dila “,e;jpa Nrfhpg;G” f;F ,e;jpa Orient) Vw;fdNt nra;j gzpfNs MFk;. epGzj;Jtk; Ntz;b mij ehLfpwJ vd;gij ghhpi] jiyikafkhf nfhz;l ,e;epWtdk; Fwpg;gpLtjw;F jFjpAilajha; ,Uf;fpwJ. fpof;F kw;Wk njd; fpof;F Mrpah KOtJk; rk];fpUj> gpuhf;fpUj kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhopapy; mYtyfq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy;> vOjg;gl;l Mapuf;fzf;fhd ifnaOj;Jg; ,J ghz;br;Nrhpapy; 1955k; gpujpfs;> 2>500f;Fk; mjpfkhd Mz;L (gpnuQ;R epWtdk; Ez; Xtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw ,e;jpatpay; E}yfk; vd) Jtq;fpa xU ikaj;ij Mjhuq;fspd; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. 1964y;> EFEO tskhd Vwf;Fiwa 11>000 jdJ nrhe;j Nrfhpg;Gfis njhFg;Gk; ,e;j jiyg;Gfs;> tiuglq;fs; ,g;NghJ itj;jpUf;fpw Nrfhpg;gpy; kw;Wk; Xtpaj; njhFg;G kw;Wk; ,e;jpa mwpQh;fSf;F mlq;Fk;. kw;Wk; gid Xiyfspy; trjpfis toq;Fk; xU jdp jpl;lkpl;lgb fl;blj;jpw;F khwpAs;sJ. fhhpaq;fs; vOjpa ifnaOj;Jg; EFEO ikakhdJ 11>000 nrd;why;> gpujpfisAk; jiyg;Gfs;> tiuglq;fs; gpnuQ;R nfhz;bUf;fpwJ kw;Wk; Xtpaq;fspd; xU trKs;s njhFg;G kw;Wk; gid ,e;j ,e;jpa Xiyfspy; rk];fpUjk;> Mtzq;fs; jkpo; kw;Wk; kzpgutk; nkhopfspy; vOjg;gl;l xOq;fhf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;L ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfis nfhz;l ,e;jpatpay; ,e;jpa ,iza E} E}yfj;ij elj;JfpwJ. ,e;j #oypy;> yfj;jpy; Nrh;f;fg;gLk;.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Channel INDIAN DIPLOMACY

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

$l;lhz;ik

,e;jpah gpuhd;];

cwTfis tYg;gLj;Jjy;

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

NkNy: GJby;ypapy; ele;j FbauR jpd mzptFg;gpy; gpnuQ;r; ,uhZtk;@ Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;: gpuhd;]pd; [dhjpgjp jpU gpuhd;nfha;]; n`hy;yhz;NlAld; ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp fyhepjp gpuzhg; KfH[p kw;Wk; ,e;jpag; gpujk ke;jpup jpU eNue;jpu Nkhb

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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#oypy;> GJikahd njhopy;El;gq;fs; %ykhf Rj;jkhd kw;Wk; gRikahd vhprf;jp jpwdpd; jPh;Tfs; Fwpj;j Ma;T kw;Wk; tsh;r;rpf;F ,U ehLfSk; mjpfkhf xj;Jiof;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

mZ xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;l Kjy; ehL gpuhd;]; MFk;. gpnuQ;rpd; mhpth epWtdkhdJ epAfpypah; gth; fhh;gNu\d; Mg; ,e;jpah ypkpl; (vd;gprpIvy;) cld; ,ize;J Vw;fdNt n[a;g;G+h; kw;Wk; k`uh\;buhtpy; mZ Miyfis epWTk; gzpfis nra;JtUfpwJ. Miy ,ae;jpuq;fspd; ghfq;fis cs;ehl;bNyNa jahhpf;fyhk; vd;w xU xg;ge;jj;ij mhpth fhyepiy epWtdkhdJ yhh;rd; md;l; khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhf bAg;Nuh epWtdj;Jld; Vw;g;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vy; NghuhLtJ ,g;NghJ md;l; b-apd; cw;gj;jp ,e;jpah-gpuhd;]; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;j cjTk; ,Uehl;L epfo;rr ; p njhopy;El;gj;ij mhpth epuypd; Kf;fpa mspg;gjdhy;> ,e;j xg;ge;jkhdJ khngUk; Xhplg;gLj;JjYf;F mq;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ kl;Lk; cjthky; Vw;fdNt

gpuhd;]; [dhjpgjpAld; gpujkH Nkhb

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

$l;lhz;ik

,e;Njh-gpnuQ;R jiyik eph;thf mjpfhhpfs; $l;lj;jpy; gpujkh; Nkhb kw;Wk; gpuhd;]; mjpgh; jpU gpuhd;Nfh]; `hyz;l;

,Uf;fpw vy; md;l; b-apd; xl;Lnkhj;j fl;blf;fiy ty;Yeh; yp fhh;gp]pauhy; jpwd;fisAk; Nkk;gLj;Jk;. ,U ehLfSf;Fk; tbtikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. cz;ikapNyNa> mjpgh; ,ilapyhd xj;Jiog;gpd; xU xg;Gikahd `hyz;l; mtUila ,e;jpa Rw;Wg;gazj;ij Gjpa gFjp vd;dntd;why; rz;bfhpypUe;Jjhd; Muk;gpj;jhh;> Fwpg;ghf ];khh;l; efuq;fs; gpujkh; mtiu mq;Nf tuNtw;whh; njhlh;ghf cs;fl;likg;ig NkYk; cah; mjpfhhpfs; gpw cs;fl;likg;G tsh;g;gjhFk;. ngq;fSh; nkl;Nuh <h;g;gplq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; tsh;rr ; pjhd; ,U tphpthf;fj;jpy; 200 kpy;ypad; gpugykhd ghiw Njhl;lj;ijAk; ehLfSf;Fk; A+Nuh KjyPL jtpu> rz;bfh;> ghh;itapl;ldh;. ehf;G+h; kw;Wk; GJr;Nrhp Nghd;w xj;Jiog;gpy; ghuk;ghpa ,ilapyhd efuq;fspy; rpwg;G ftdk; gFjpfSf;F kj;jpapy;> jPtputhj xj;Jiog;gpd; nrYj;jp ];khh;l; efuq;fspy; 2 vjph;g;G Kjy; gd;Kf ghJfhg;G xU xg;Gikahd gpy;ypad; A+Nuh KjyPL nra;tjhf ,iza kd;wq;fspy; xj;Jiof;Fk; Gjpa gFjpahFk; gpuhd;]; thf;FWjpaspj;Js;sJ. ,izaNrit-ghJfhg;G tiu GJr;Nrhp xU gpnuQ;R fhydpahf tphptile;Js;s ,uhZtk; kw;Wk; ,Ue;jjdhy; kw;Wk; ,d;Dk; ghJfhg;G $l;LKaw;rpapYk; mjDila Nkd;ikahd gpnuQ;R fyhr;rhu ,e;ehLfs; <Lgl;Ls;sd. ,U ehLfSf;F czh;it NgZtjdhy;> mij ghuk;ghpa ,ilapyhd ,uhZt th;j;jfkhdJ 36 eLj;ju Rw;WyhTf;fhd xU rpwe;j ];jykhf cUthf;fp gd;Kfj; jd;ikAila Nghh; tpkhdq;fis tUfpwJ; ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l thq;Ftjw;fhd u/Ngy; xg;ge;jj;Jld; tsh;e;J efuk; vd ngah;ngw;w rz;bfh; Rtp];-gpnuQ;r; tUfpwJ.

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

gy gpnuQ;R ,uhZt epWtdq;fs; <Lgl;Ls;sd. ngy;Nghh;l;il mbg;gilahf ,e;jpahtpw;fhf cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; Mh;tkhf nfhz;l fpuhf; 35tJ fhyhl;gilia Nrh;e;j cs;sd> vdNt ,J ,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ik gpnuQ;R giltPuh;fs; ,e;j tUl FbauR jpl;lkhd Nkf; ,d; jpd mzptFg;gpy; - Kjy; ,e;jpahtpw;F xU cj;Ntfj;ij Kiwahf ntspehl;L gilfs; mspf;fpwJ. ,U ehLfSk; ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; gq;nfLj;jJ gy gpnuQ;R ,uhZt cyfshtpa jPtputhj ,e;jpah kw;Wk; gpuhd;]pd; epWtdq;fs; mr;RWj;jiy mwpe;jpUf;fpd;wd cwit Fwpj;J ,e;jpahtpy; cw;gj;jp NkYk; jPtputhj muz;fis mjpfkhf xopj;J jPtputhjpfis vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. nra;tjpy; Mh;tkhf ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltu mNefkha;> xU cs;sJ> murpd; njhlh;e;J miog;G tpLj;J KbT Fwpg;gpy;> ‘Nkf; ,d; ,d;bah’ tUfpd;wd. nra;jpfisAk; 2009y; ,e;jpa jpl;lj;jpw;F xU jftiyAk; gfph;e;Jnfhs;s giltPuh;fs; cjTk; jPtputhj vjph;g;Gf;fhf ,NjNghy cj;Ntfj;ij nrayhw;Wk; xU $l;Lf; FOTk; gpuhd;]py; mspf;fpwJ cs;sJ. NkYk;> ,e;jpa gh];by; ,uhZt kw;Wk; gpnuQ;R ,uhZt mzptFg;gpy; kpf gilfs; xU neUf;fkhd ngUkpjj;Jld; nray; cwit nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd kw;Wk; mzptFj;Jr; nrd;wij tof;fkhd $l;L ,uhZt gapw;rpfspy; Fwpg;gpLtJ cfe;jjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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GJKaw;rp

ONGC jq;fj;ij

fz;Lgpbf;fpwJ ONGC tpNj\; MWtUlq;fs; uh[hq;f rf;jpia ngw;w gpwF>

vz;nza; vLg;gjw;fhf u\;ahtpy; Njhz;LfpwJ ciu | uh[d;ah Ngh];

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

fpilkl;l fpzWfis

ONGC

tpNj\; uh[hq;f rf;jp Nkw;F rpgphpahtpd; lhk;];f; gFjpapy; nray;gLfpwJ

vz;nza; kw;Wk; ,aw;if thA epWtdj;jpd; vd;w tje;jpf;F kj;jpapYk; ONGC tpNj\pd; (ONGC) ntspehl;Lg; gphpT ONGC tpNj\; cah;kl;l eph;thfk; kw;Wk; tplhKaw;rp u\pahtpy; rpy uh[hq;f rf;jp epWtdq;fis FO gpd;thq;f kWj;Jtpl;lJ. ,Wjpahf> tpiyf;F thq;fpaNghJ> mjpy; rpy gzk; nrytpl jPh;khdpj;jpUf;fpwJ. ONGC gpur;ridfs; ,Ue;jd. vz;nza; tpNj\; 1>500 kP fpilkl;l ePsk; tpiy jw;Nghija epiyia tpl nfhz;l ,uz;L fpilkl;l ,uz;L klq;F ,Ue;j rkaj;jpy;> fpzWfis Njhz;Ltjw;F ONGC tpNj\; ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa mnkhpf;fh-rhh;e;j Rje;jpu cyfk; KOtJk; vz;nza; Muha;rp epWtdk; tsq;fSld; $l;L itj;Js;sJ. jd;Dila $l;L gq;Ffis 2.1 ];ne];Nehap taypd; eht;ehf; 10-12 gpy;ypad; gpy;ypad; lhyUf;F nfhLj;jJ. cUthf;fj;jpy; cs;s ,e;j lhyh; nrhj;Jf;fs; epyf;fPy; ,Ug;Gfis Njhz;b fpzWfs; xt;nthd;Wk; 58,000 thq;Ftjpy; vLg;gJ fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ m3/d thAitAk;> 2,313 bbl/d KjyPL nra;a kw;Wk; ONGC jd;Dila jputj;ijAk; kw;Wk; 1,037 bopd ngUthhpahd tUkhdj;ij u\;a Ak; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ. jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpwJ. muRf;F thpahfNt nrYj;jp te;jJ. uh[hq;f Mw;wy; vjph;ghh;f;fpNwhk; nrhj;Jf;fs; Xg; ejpia Rw;wpYk; rpgphpahtpd; fz;fs; fhZk; J}uk; tiuf;Fk; gdp Nkw;F gFjpapy; cs;s u\;ahtpd; lhk;];f; epiwe;j xU R+oypy;> ntg;gepiy -35 gFjpapy; mike;Js;sd. bfphpia njhl;l rkaj;jpy; ONGC tpNj\pd; ,Ug;gpDk;> ,e;jpa ngw;Nwhh; jhq;fs; eph;thf ,af;Feh; vd;.Nf. th;kh> ,af;Feh; thq;fpajpypUe;J ntspNaw epidf;fpwhh;fs; (MgNu\d;) gp.Nf. uht; kw;Wk; jiyik

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

GJKaw;rp

ONGC tpNj\pd; ,uh[hq;f rf;jpapd; JisapLk; jsk;

eph;thf mjpfhhp (uh[hq;f rf;jp) v]; Jh;fh gpurhj; taiy ghh;itapl;lhh;fs;. mth;fSila jiykj;Jtk; cw;gj;jp> njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; yhgj;jpy; kl;Lk; ftdk; nrYj;jhky; kdmOj;jk; epiwe;j #o;epiyfspy; gzpahw;wpa gzpahsh;fspd; cj;Ntfj;ij Cf;fg;gLj;JtjpYk; ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ. uh[hq;f rf;jpapd; 80 rjtpfpj ,Ug;Gfs; Fiwthd CLUT jpwd; (kPl;gJ fbdk;) nfhz;l Fiwthd CLUT jpwDila ,Wfyhd ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; milgl;bUf;fpwJ kw;Wk; tof;fkhd topKiwfspy; yhgk; ghh;g;gJ fbdk; vd;whYk;> th;kh ek;gpf;ifia ,of;ftpy;iy. ,Ug;Gfs; 13>000 rJufp.kP. tiu gutpapUg;gjdhy;> NghJkhd msT ePz;l fhyk; jhf;Fg; gpbj;jhy; kl;LNk rhjfkhd yhgk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ mtUf;F njhpAk;. ONGC tpNj\;f;F Nghd]hf fpilj;jJ vd;dntd;why; fle;j tUlk; brk;gh; khjj;jpy; gpujkh; jpU eNue;ju Nkhb u\pahtpw;F tUif je;jhh; mq;Nf ehl;bd; ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;nghpa vz;nza; tay; thd;Nfhh;negl;bd; 15 rjtpfpj gq;Ffis ,e;epWtdk; thq;fpaJ. ONGC tpNj\; thd;Nfhh; taypd; jd;Dila gq;Ff;fhf u\pa vz;nza; rhkghthd; Nuh];neg;l;f;F 1.3 gpy;ypad; lhyh; nrYj;jpaJ. u\;ahtpd; Gtpapay; Ma;Tfs;> fly; kw;Wk; fiu Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; i`l;Nuhfhh;gd;fs; cw;gj;jpapy; xj;Jiof;f ,uz;L epWtdq;fSk; Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpa gpujkhpd; tUif Mapy; Jiw epWtdq;fSf;Fs;shf kw;Wk; ,e;jpad; Mapy; cl;gl Mapy; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; v];]hh; epWtdq;fSldhd gpw xg;ge;jq;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpl;Ls;sJ. xU

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

$l;L Clf ntspaPl;by;> ,UehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd %Nyhgha cwTfs;> u\pah jd;Dila khngUk; ,aw;if vhpthA tsq;fs; %ykhf ,e;jpahtpd; Mw;wy; ghJfhg;Gf;F xU Kf;fpa Mjhukhf ,Uf;Fk; vd jpU. Nkhb njhptpj;jhh;. ONGC tpNj\; Kd;Df;F nrd;W cyfk; KOtJk; 10-12 gpy;ypad; lhyh;

nrhj;Jf;fs; thq;Ftjpy; KjyPL nra;a jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpwJ. hpNahl;lh;]; cyfshtpa mj;jpahtrpa nghUs; khehl;by;> vz;nza; tpiy Fiwthf ,Ug;gjdhy; xNu Neuj;jpy; nrhj;Jf;fs; kl;Lk; thq;fhky; ,izj;jy; kw;Wk; ifafg;gLj;Jjiy ghprPypf;f ntspg;gilahf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd th;kh njhptpj;jhh;. mLj;j %d;W tUlq;fspy;>

ONGC tpNj\; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; jd;Dila jw;Nghija KjyPL 8 gpy;ypad; lhyiu ,ul;bg;ghf;f jpl;lkpLfpwJ. mjpf %yjd nrytPdk; fhuzkhf epWtdq;fs; epjp neUf;fbapy; ,Uf;fpw Mg;gphpf;fh kw;Wk; yj;jpd; mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpwid epWtdk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwJ kw;Wk; ONGC tpNj\; ,e;j tha;g;ig gad;gLj;j jahuhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

i`juhghj;jpd; mur muz;kidfis

Muha;e;jgb xU gazk;

i`juhghj;jpd; cz;ikahd moF mjd; etPd efuk; tsHr;rp mile;j tuyhw;W ikaj;jpy; cs;sJ ciu kw;Wk; | epow;glq;fs; uhk;re;jH ngz;Lf;fH

i`juhghj;> nkf;fh k#jp kw;Wk; rHkpdhH Nghd;w fz;ftH muz;kidfs; kw;Wk; khspiffspd; nrOikapdhy; mwpag;gLk; epidTr; rpd;dq;fspd; tPlhf mikfpwJ. ,e;jf; fl;llf; fiy mjpraq;fs; gy mjd; FWfpa re;Jfspy; kiwe;jpUf;fpd;wd. Rpytw;iw> cs;ehl;L thrpfisj; jtpu NtW vtUk; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ,jpy; mw;Gjkhd xd;W vd;dntd;why; mit ep[hk;fshy; fl;lg;gl;L Mf;fpukpg;G nra;ag;gl;litahFk;.

tuyhW miu E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; Nkyhf ,e;j muz;kidfs; GjpuhfNt ,Ue;jd. 1990fspd; ,Wjpapy;jhd; mJ nghJkf;fSf;F jpwf;fg;gl;L xU nra;jpahf cUntLj;jJ. fhjy; kw;Wk; kHkk; Rw;wpAs;s muz;kidfspd; xsp ,d;Dk; tYthf kf;fspd; fw;gidapy; gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd> mJ ghyhf;Zkh> nrsk`hyh kw;Wk; Guhzp khspif vd ePs;fpwJ> ,it xU fhyj;jpy; ep[hk;fspd; cj;jpNahfg;g+Ht ,y;yk; kw;Wk; ehl;bd; kpfr; rpwe;jjhf ,Ue;jjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. 1724 Mk; Mz;L i`juhghj;jpy; cs;s ep[hk; Ml;rp 1687 Mk; Mz;by; Nfhy;nfhz;lh FJg; \h`p]; tPo;r;rpf;F

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

gpd;dH Mrg; [hfp tk;rj;ij epWtpa eprhKy; Ky;f;fhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlHe;J> mtH topte;j VO jiyKiwfs; fpl;lj;jl;l ,uz;L -xd;W fhy; E}w;whz;Lfshf i`juhghj; kw;Wk; nlf;fhd; gFjpfis Mz;bUe;jjhy; "ep[hk;fs;" vd miof;fg;gl;L te;jdH. xU fhyj;jpy;> Kf;fpakhf Mwhk; kw;Wk; Vohk; ep[hk;fs; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> xU nts;sk; Nghd;w fl;Lkhd eltbf;iffshy; ,d;W ngUik mile;Js;s me;j efuj;jpy; gy ngupa khspiffs; kPz;Lk; fl;lg;gl;ld;. ,it ngUk;ghYk; efuj;jpd; njd;Nkw;F kw;Wk; njd;fpof;F gFjpfspy; vOe;jd." gioa

efuj;jpy; cs;s mLj;jLj;J eprhk;fshy; fl;lg;gl;l muz;kidfspd; nkhj;j gug;gsT kl;Lk; xU kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd fd mb ,Uf;Fk; jq;fs; Ke;ija> FJg; \h`p];i] xg;gpLk;NghJ ,J %d;W klq;F ngupajhFk;" vd i`juhghj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;l Kd;dhs; muR CopaH kw;Wk; tuyhw;whsH eNue;jpu Y}jH $WfpwhH. rhHkpdhiu njhlf;f Gs;spahff; nfhz;L gioa efuj;jpypUe;J vq;F Ntz;LkhdhYk; ePq;fs; gazk; nra;Ak; NghJ> ePq;fs; ,e;j mw;Gjkhd muz;kidfspd; rpy rhl;rpaq;fis fhz KbAk;.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

nrsk`hyh muz;kid tshfk;

"rkPg fhyq;fspy;> i`juhghj; irgH nuf;Ndh- i`g;" Y}jH nrhd;dJ Nghy> "mjd; tuyhw;W moF> ethg; tho;f;if Kiw kw;Wk; NeHj;jpahd gz;ghLfis ghjpj;Js;sJ". Mdhy; mur ePjpkd;wq;fspd; myq;fhuk; kw;Wk; fspahl;lk; Ruz;lg;gLfpwJ xU Kiw ,e;j Gjpuhd muz;kidfspy; xU Kj;jpiuapy; tpl;L VjhtJ "ftHr;rpahf" fpilf;fhjh vd;w cyfj;jpd; grpf;F tpUe;jhfpwJ. rhHkpdhupypUe;J> %d;W Kf;fpa muz;kidfs;: njw;fpy; ghyhf;Zkh> Nkw;fpy; nrsk`hyh kw;Wk; Guhzp khspifapd; fpof;fpy; gioa efuj;jpd; jq;f Kf;Nfhzk; mikfpwJ.

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

nrsk`hy;yh Kf;fpakhdtw;Ws; xd;W kw;Wk; muz;kidfs; Kjy; xU mur cj;jpNahfg+Ht ,y;y -glNfhl;b jHghH `hy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpwF jd; filrp nray;ghL epWj;jg;gl;l gpwF mofhd Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; xU ngupa gspq;F ePHj;njhl;bAldhd gy fl;llq;fSldhd xU ngupa muq;fk; mlq;fpa tshfkhd nrsk`hy;yh epWtg;gl;lJ. muz;kidapd; ngUikia xU rpwe;j ,ilf;fhy ghHitahsH ,t;thW tptupj;jhH: "Kf;fpa Fthl;uq;fps; xU mofhd Njhl;lk;> eP&w;W kw;Wk; njwpf;Fk;; jz;zPHfs; nfhz;l xU ngupa gspq;F gs;sk;> ,tw;iw mNugpad; iew;]; E}ypy;

rutpsf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Mlk;gukhd fpy;ll; g+r;R Ntiy nfhz;l gpuQ;R muR ghzpapy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ . muz;kid fiy kw;Wk; gz;ghL kw;Wk; kur;rhkhd;fs;> Milfs;> Gj;jfq;fs;> ths; kw;Wk; fz;zhbf; fhHfs; kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhH irf;fps;fshd xU flw;gil ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU mUq;fhl;rpaf ikakhf khwpAs;sJ. ,q;NfAs;s fz;zhbg; Gifg;glq;fs;> Milfs;> eiffs; kw;Wk; fle;j fhyj;J rpif myq;fhuq;fspd; njhFg;ig ePq;fs; fl;lhakhf ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Guhzp khspif nrs`hyhtpypUe;J xU ikYf;Fk; Fiwe;j J}uj;jpYs;s rhHkpdhupd; fpof;F gFjpapy; mike;Js;s Guhzp khspif kw;nwhU fl;llf;fiy mw;Gjk; jhd;. i`juhghj;jpd; Gjpa efu mikg;ig KfkJ Fyp FJg; \h (1580-1612) jpl;lkpl;l NghJ> mtH jd;Dila Kf;fpa MNyhrfH kPH nkhkPd; trpg;gplkhf xU ngupa v];Nuw;iw XJf;fPL nra;jhH. mtH gutyhf xU Jwtp kw;Wk;

mg;ry; k`hy; tuNtw;G kz;lgk;> nrsk`hyh muz;kid

tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;s ke;jpupj;j Njhl;lq;fNshL xg;gplyhk;". nrsk`y;yh ehd;F muz;kidfSldhd xU gue;j jpus; 1750y; ehd;fhk; ep[hk; ryj; [q;fhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ>mq;F jhd; eprhk;fspd; khepy tuNtw;Gfs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w $l;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld. ed;whfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l nrsk`y;yhtpd; ehd;F muz;kidfSk;; mg;ry; k`hy; ehd;fhk; ep[hk; mg;ry; cj; njsyhtpd; ngauhy; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpwg;gk;rkhf ,q;Nf Eiothapypy; mjd; mkUk; kz;lgk; cs;sJ. mJ RtHfs; kw;Wk; midj;J cr;rtuk;G kPJk; ngupa ntdprpa

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

nrsk`hyh muz;kidapd; ntspg;Gwj; Njhw;wk;

%jwpQH Nghy; Nghw;wg;gl;lhH. gpd;dH> mtuJ Milfis NjHe;njLf;f fPNo Nfhy;nfhz;lh tPo;e;jJk;> ,uz;lhtJ ,Ue;J NkNy nry;y ,sturUf;F mrhgpah> ep[hk; myp fhd;> mtuJ mJ xU ifNaL caHj;Jk; rhjdk;; kfd;> rpf;fe;jH [h f;fhf kPH nkhkPd; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jf; fl;llk;> FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrhj;J thq;fpdhH. xU Kiw mtuJ Milfs; kw;Wk; gpe;ija 1803 ,y; ep[hk; khwpa NghJ fhyzpfspd; gue;j Nrfupg;gpw;F ,lkspf;Fk; >mtH nrskh`pyhtpw;F tifapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> jdJ trpg;gplj;ij xUNtis NkYk; ,d;W nrs`hyhtpypUe;J khw;wpdhH. Ie;jhtJ ep[hk; cyfpd; kpfg; ngupajhfTk; mg;ry; -cj;- njsyh ,J ,Uf;fyhk;. xU ikYf;Fk; (1857-68) gpwe;J xU ePz;l VohtJ ep[hk;> kPH Fiwthf> fhyk; ,q;Nf trpj;J x];khd; myp fhd; (1911rhHkpdhupd; te;jhH. mtuJ kfd; $l> 48)> xUKiw ,q;F tho;e;j fpof; F gFjpapy;> kPH nk`g+g; myp fhd; mtuJ jhahUf;F mQ;ryp mtH 1869,y; mupaiz nrYj;j muz;kidf;F xU Guhzp khspif Vwpa gpwF muz;kidapy; tof;fkhd ghHitahsuhf mike;Js;sJ njhlHe;J tho;e;jhH. ,Ue;jhH. 1971,y;> mtuJ gl;lj;J ,sturH kPH FLk;gj;jpdH v];Nuw;; thq;fp nk`g+g; myp fhd; tho;e;j RkhH 200 Mz;LfSf;F tuk;G fle;j tho;f;if Kiwf;F Fwpg;ghf gpd;dH> thOk; ,sturH Kf;fhuhk; [h Milfs; kw;Wk; fhyzpfSf;F ngaH fy;tpia Cf;Ftpf;f Kf;fhuhk; [h ngw;wtH> ,q;Nf xU 240 mb ePs mykhup mwfl;lisf;F nrhj;ij ed;nfhilahf epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ Kjy; khbapy; toq;fpdhH. fl;llj;jpd; ePsk; KOtJk; gutpAs;sJ. Kf;fpa fl;llk;> mjd; ePz;l

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

Map not to scale

ghyhf;Zkh muz;kidapy; cyfpd; kpf ePskhd rhg;ghl;L Nkir

jho;thuq;fisf;; nfhz;Ls;sJ> 18 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; INuhg;gpa fl;likg;ig epidt+l;Ltjhf cs;sJ. gHkh Njf;fhy; nra;ag;gl;l mykhup> ,d;Dk; mg;gbNa kw;Wk; New;W nra;ag;gl;lJ Nghy; Gjpjhf Njhd;WfpwJ. jiu jsj;jpy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafk; ep[hkpd; jq;f mupaiziaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ghyhf;Zkh

TELANGANA

HYDERABAD

Guhzp khspifapypUe;J> ghyhf;Zkh muz;kid> RkhH 3 iky;fs; njw;Nf rhHkpdhupd; njw;fpy; xU kiy kPJ mike;Js;sJ. mJ ,j;jhypa fl;ll ty;Yeuhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; ehl;bd; kpfTk; mw;Gjkhd muz;kidfspy; xd;whf fUjg;gLfpwJ. mur tpUe;jpdH tPlhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> mjpy; cyfpd; rpwe;j tpiykjpg;gw;w fiyg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Xtpaq;fs; rpy Nrfupj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j muz;kid> ep[hkpd; kw;iwa xd;W> gfl;lhd jsghlq;fs; kw;Wk; gl;L cl;Gwj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ,J INuhg;gpa ehl;bypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

Nky; tyQ;Ropahf: Guhzp khspifapy; ePskhd mykhup@ Guhzp khspifapd; mur mupaiz@ Guhzp khspif

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

Guhzp khspifapd; ntspg;Gwj; Njhw;wk;

ghyhf;Zkh my;yJ “thdj;jpd; fz;zhb" khbapy; ,uT czit mUe;JthH. efuk; 200 Vf;fHfSf;F Nky; gutpAs;sJ. fhykhd kw;Wk; thdj;jpd; ghHit ep[hik tpl tuyhw;whrpupaH vOj;jhsH gpy;fp]; myhjpd; nra;jJ vdNt trpag;gLj;jg;gl;L mtH vOJfpwhH>" mjd; mry; fl;ll fiyQH rH jq;Ftij ePbf;fr; nra;fpwJ. ,Wjpahf> tpf;fH -cy;- ck;uh xUKiw mtH muz;kidf;fhd jdJ mtiu <Hf;f muz;kidia tpUg;gj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdH. ghHitapl ep[hk; kPH nk`g+g; ,e;j Neuj;jpy;> rH tpfH ghyhf;Zkh my;yJ myp fhid mioj;jhH. mtuJ Ml;rpahsH Kd; ~thdj;jpd; Vnddpy; mtH gpe;ija gzpe;J kw;Wk; $wpaJ> tho;f;ifapy; rpwe;j tp\ "rHf;fhH> V Mg; `p fhN`> fz;zhb” 200 aq;fs; xU urpfdplkpUe;J Mg; `p fP ypNa gdhah Vf;fUf;F Nky; njupa te;jJ. vjpHghHj;jgb> fah N`" (,iwth! ,e;j gutpAs;sJ fapw;wpy; xU ngupa FOTld; muz;kid cq;fSilaJ> xU myq;fupf;fg;ggl;l ahid ,J cq;fSf;fhf kl;Lk; kPJ jpl;lkpl;lgb ep[hk; fl;lg;gl;lJ). ,ijr; nrhy;yp> te;jhH. mtH gspq;F Vzpapy; ele;J mtH muz;kidia tpl;Nl tpyfpdhH. muz;kid topahf nrd;whH. ,utpy;> gioa ePq;fs; ,e;j khspiff;Fs; Eioa> gpupl;b\; gpuGj;Jtj;jpd; ghyh]; ghzpapy; ikaj;jpy; ed;whf nrJf;fg;gl;l eP&w;Wld; NeHj;jpahf fl;lg;gl;l Kf;fpa Kfg;gpd; ehd;F gf;fq;fspYk; ehd;F ituTU

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

NkNy: ghyhf;Zkh muz;kid@ fPNo: Guhzp khspifapd; ,y;y fl;ll EioT

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

ngQ;Rfs; cs;sij cq;fshy; fhz KbAk;. nfhz;Ls;sd. 102 ku ehw;fhypfisf; NkNy cr;rtuk;G mofhd RtNuhtpaq;fshy; nfhz;L cyfpd; kpfg; ngupa fy;ahz cs;sJ. miwapy; INuhg;gpa tpUe;jpdHfspd; kz;lgk;> midj;Jk; mofhf nrJf;fg;gl;L Xtpaq;fs; tupirahf xU gspq;F khb kw;Wk; myq;fhu cl;$iuiaf; nfhz;L gbf;fl;L nfhz;l kw;nwhU fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lit. %jhijaH ituTU kz;lgj;jpw;F tPLfspy; tho;tjpd; NrhHT> rpy;tH [_g;sp toptFf;fpwJ. Fw;wthspf;$z;by; fle;j ep[hk;> kPH x];khd; myp jq;fs; iffspy; tpsf;Ffs; fhdpd;> Krp ejpapd; FWf;Nf ngtpypad;> itj;jpUf;Fk; nja;tPfkhd Gjpa efuj;ij khw;wpdhH kw;Wk; ep[hkpd; jq;f gspq;Fr; rpiyfs; cs;sd. mtH xU muz;kidia thq;fp rpk;khrdj;ijf; Kjy; khbapy;> ghy;&k;> xU mtuJ ,y;yj;jpy; -glNfhl;b nfhz;Ls;sJ fy;ahz kz;lgk;> E}yfk;> xU mYtyfkhf khw;wpdhH. ,J `_f;fh (Foha; Gifgpbj;jy;) jhd; filrp khspif filrp miw kw;Wk; xU gpy;ypaHl;]; ep[hk;fs; jkJ filrp miw cl;gl gy muq;Ffs; cs;sd> fhyq;fis nrytopf;f NjHTnra;jdH. xt;nthd;Wk; fiyAzHTld; mikf;fg;gl;L fl;llk; jw;NghJ xU kUj;Jtikakhf kw;Wk; moFgLj;jg;gl;l $iuapy; ,Ue;J gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ> fpq; Nfhjp (KK) njhq;Fk; ngupa ntdp\pa rutpsf;Ffisf; kUj;Jtkid.

ghyf;Dkh khspif

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

Nyhj;jypd; ehfupfj;ij

ntspg;gLj;Jjy; mfkjhghj;jpy; ,Ue;J 80 fp.kP. njhiytpYs;s Nyhj;jy; tuyhW kw;Wk; ghuk;gupaj;jpd; njhFjpfis gw;wpf; $WfpwJ ciu | mdpy; Ky;re;jdp Gifg;glq;fs; | jpNd\; Rf;yhKy;re;jdp

fp.K 2600 Kjy; 1900 tiu> rpe;J rkntsp my;yJ ùg;gh ehfuPfk; xU rpf;fyhd kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;jhy; Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;j efHg;Gw fyhr;rhuj;jpd; ikakhf mjd; KjpHr;rpapd; cr;rf;fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpahtpy;> ,e;j ntz;fy fhy efHg;Gw fyhr;rhuj;jpd; kpff; fzprkhd kw;Wk; ed;F guhkupf;fg;gl;l vr;rq;fs; ùpahdhtpd; uhf;fpfH`p> uh[];jhdpd; fypgq;fd;> gQ;rhgpd; &gH kw;Wk; F[uhj;jpy; Njhyhtpuh kw;Wk; Nyhj;jypy; fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ. mit ùg;gh ehfuPfj;jpd; njw;Fj; njhiytpypUe;j FbNaw;w ,lj;jpy;; ele;jJ. ,jd; kj;jpapy;> Nyhj;jy; kzpfs;> fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fspd; tHj;jfj;jpw;F xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f JiwKf efukhf cs;sJ. etPd fhy F[uhj;jpd; ghy; gFjpapy; mike;Js;s Nyhj;jy; ,e;jpa njhy;ypay; mfo;thuha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jhy;; (ASI) 1955 kw;Wk; 1960 ,w;fpilapy; Njhz;lgl;lJ. Nyhj;jypy; cs;s ASI mUq;fhl;rpafk; ,e;j efHg;Gw JiwKfj;jpd; efu jpl;lkplYf;fhd xU Njhw;wj;ij toq;FfpwJ. mJ kl;ghz;lk;> cNyhfk; kw;Wk; kzpfspd; rpy ey;y Jz;Lfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. mit xU fhyj;jpy; ,q;F cUthf;fg;gl;litahFk;. ,J> ùg;gh ehfuPfj;jpd; NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vilfs; kw;Wk; msTfspd; xj;jpiritf; fhz;gpf;fpwJ- rupahd tpfpjj;jpy; nrq;fw;fs; xt;nthd;Wk;; 0.05> 0.1 > 1.2 > 5 > 10 > 20> 50 > 100 > 200 kw;Wk; 500 myFfs;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

epiwfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ> xt;nthU myFk; RkhH 28 fpuhk; epiwAilaJ> ,e;j epiw Mq;fpy mTd;]; my;yJ fpNuf;f cd;rpahtpw;F xg;ghdJ. rpwpa nghUl;fs; 0.871 myFfs; cldhd xg;ghd tpfpjj;jpy; epiw ,Uf;Fk;. Nyhj;jy;> njhy;ypay; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gb> epiwfspd; kw;nwhU njhliuf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mJ rHtNjr tHj;jfj;jpw;fhd

fd mrPupad; juf;fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F cWjp nra;Js;sJ. mUq;fhl;rpafk; ghurPf tisFlh kw;Wk; Mgpupf;fj; JiwKfq;fspd; tHj;jfj;ijg; gpujpgypf;Fk; Kj;jpiufs; kw;Wk; nghk;ikfisf; fhl;LfpwJ. kzpfs;> je;jk; kw;Wk; fpspQ;ry; rpw;gpfs; Kjd;ikahd Vw;Wkjpfs;. xU jq;f nef;y]; > nrk;G tbtk;> rpwpa- kzpfs;> ];nlaiul; kw;Wk; ikaf;fUj;Jld; Kj;jpiuaplg;gl;l RLkz;

Nyhj;jy; xU tHj;jf efukhf ,Ue;j NghJ mJ vg;gb xU fiy eaj;jpd; kdg;gjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ vd;gijg; ghHg;gJ mtrpakhFk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

kw;Wk; fy;ntl;Lfs;> cNyhf kPd; nfhf;fpfs;> fhg;Gfs;> Jisaplg;gl;l rhb> RLkz; fhis> xU Fjpiu> xU glfpd; khjpup kw;Wk; tpisahl;bw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; CLUtYf;F jpirfhl;bahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l xU fpspQ;ry; rpw;gp KjypaitAk; kl;ghz;lj;jpd; ,uz;L tbtq;fSk; Nyhj;jypy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld. xU tHj;jf ikakhf Nyhj;jypd; tsHr;rp xUNtis ghy; vd miof;fg;gLk; gFjpapd; kz; nghUj;jk;> tsHe;J tUk; jhdpak; kw;Wk; gUj;jpf;fhf kw;Wk; Vw;fdNt ntw;wpfukhf fk;gj; flNyhu gFjpapy; kzpjahupf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyf;fhf Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;. mjd; milf;fyk; JiwKfj;jpypUe;J GfhNth MW kw;Wk; fk;gl; tisFlhthy; fpisahf gug;gpaJ. xUtH Njhz;lg;gl;l gFjpapy; EioAk; NghJ> gy njhy;nghUs; Ma;thsHfs; cyfpd; Kjy; cyH fg;gy; gl;liwahf a+fpg;gijf; fhz KbAk;. rpe;J khfhzj;jpy; nts;sk; gPbf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; fhk;Ng tisFlhtpd; caH miyfs; Mgj;ij czHjjhy;> `ug;gHfs; ,e;j cs;ehl;L fg;gy;Jiw rgHkjp ejpapd; Kfg;ig fhy;thAld; ,izj;J fl;lg;gl;lJ. fg;gy;Jiw fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fhf 37 kPw;wUk; kw;Wk; tlf;fpypUe;J njw;F 22 kPw;wUk; gutpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,J miyfs;> ePupaypd; xU KOikahd Ma;T kw;Wk; nrq;fw;fs; kPjhd fly;ePupd; jhf;fj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpd; xU gjptpd; gb> ngupa miyfspd; NghJ xU Eiothapy; Nrdy; rgHkjp ejpapd; Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; flw;gilapd; tl Kidf;Fs; fg;gy;fs; nry;y KbAk; kw;Wk; g+l;L thapy;fs; %lg;gl;bUe;jd vdNt ePH kl;lk; mit kpjf;f NghJkhd mstpw;F caUk;. fg;gy;fspy; ruf;Ffs; Vw;wg;gl;L my;yJ Vw;wg;glhky; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> flYf;F jpUk;g thrw; fjTfs; mtHfSf;fhfj; jpwf;fg;gLk;. njhl;bapd; gupkhzq;fs; fg;gy;Jiw xt;nthU 60 fg;gy;fSk; 30 njhd;idf; ifahs KbAk; vd;gij Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd my;yJ khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. fg;gw;gil mUNf cs;s fplq;Ffs; 3.5 kP caHthd gPlj;jpy; mikf;fgl;Ls;sd. fd njhFjpfs; fplq;FfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,it gj;jpfshf ,izf;fg;gl;L #isapy; Rlg;gl;l nrq;fw;fshy; fl;lg;gl;ld. mUfpYs;sJ muz; MFk;> mq;F rf;jptha;e;j kw;Wk; nry;te;j kf;fs; trpj;J te;jdH> Kjypy; mJ eilghij Fspay;> epyj;jb kw;Wk; Nkw;gug;G tbfhy;fs; kw;Wk; Fb ePHf;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

TBFHY; MIKG;G jpl;lkply; Fwpj;j xU jdpg;gl;l mk;rk; epyj;jb Rfhjhu tbfhy;. Kf;fpa epyj;jbr;; rhf;fil> 1.5 kP Mok; kw;Wk; 91 nr.kP FWf;Nf> tlf;Fnjw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F-Nkw;F jpirahf ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ kw;Wk; mJ xd;whf ,izf;fg;gl;l rPuhf;fg;gl;l nrq;fypy; ,Ue;J fl;lg;gl;lJ. epGzH fl;Lkhdj;ij rhf;filj; jz;zPH frpe;J ntspNawhjthW itj;jpUe;jJ kw;Wk; xU rPuhd ,ilntspapy; tbe;J jhdpaq;fp Rj;jk; nra;Ak; rhjdkhfr; nraw;g;gl;lJ. tbfhy;fs; ,Wjpapy; mike;j xU ku tbfl;bapy; jpz;kf; fopTfs; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLfpd;wd kw;Wk; Mdhy; jputf; fopTfs; tb Fl;ilapy; Eioe;jd.

NkNy: fsQ;rpaf; fplq;Ffs;> mtw;iw nts;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;ghf itj;J nfhs;s xU gPlk; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ@ Kd; gf;fk;: Nyhj;jypd; mg;gH uTd;; xU eilghij Fspay;> rikayiw> xU fpzW kw;Wk; xU FbapUg;G Mfpa vr;rq;fisf; fhl;LfpwJ.

fpzW Kjypaitahf ,Ue;jJ. mbj;jsq;fs; mstpy; ,Ue;jd. mq;F xU khspif xU KiwahtJ jpl;lkply; Fwpj;j xU jdpg;gl;l mk;rk; mf;NuhNghyp]py; ,Ue;jjhff; fhl;LfpwJ. epyj;jb Rfhjhu tbfhy;. Kf;fpa epyj;jbr;; fg;gw;gilf;fhd rf;jptha;e;j ,Uf;ifapd; rhf;fil> 1.5 kP Mok; kw;Wk; 91 nr.kP mUfhik xU rf;jp tha;e;j egH> xUNtis FWf;Nf> tlf;F- njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;FxU Ml;rpahsH> vspjhf gq;Ffis Ma;T Nkw;F jpirahf ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ kw;Wk; nra;a KbAkhf ,Ue;jij mJ xd;whf ,izf;fg;gl;l cWjpnra;jJ. rPuhf;fg;gl;l nrq;fypy; NyhtH uTd;; tHj;jfk; ,Ue;J fl;lg;gl;lJ. epGzH Nyhj;jypy; kw;Wk; FbapUg;G gFjpfisf; fl;Lkhdj;ij rhf;filj; cs;s ASI nfhz;bUe;jJ. ngUQ;rhiyj; jz;zPH frpe;J mUq;fhl;rpafk; njUf;fs; tlf;fpypUe;J ntspNawhjthW njw;F Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk; itj;jpUe;jJ ,e;j efHg;Gwj; mit xUNtis filfs;> kw;Wk; xU rPuhd JiwKfj;jpd; efu tzpfH FbapUg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ,ilntspapy; jpl;lkplYf;fhd iftpidQHfs; 'gl;liwfs; tbe;J jhdpaq;fp xU Njhw;wj;ij Gil#og;gl;bUf;Fk; Rj;jk; nra;Ak; fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fp rhjdkhfr; toq;FfpwJ efUk; njUf;fs; ghijfs; nraw;g;gl;lJ. nfhz;l FbapUg;Gg; tbfhy;fs; gFjpfs; jdpg;gl;l tPLfspd; mZfYf;F ,Wjpapy; mike;j xU ku mDkjpf;fpd;w. kzpj; njhopw;rhiyfs; tbfl;bapy; jpz;kf; fopTfs; `ug;gHfspd; Kf;fpa njhopw;rhiyfisf; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLfpd;wd kw;Wk; nfhz;bUe;jd. mq;F ,uj;jpd fy; tif Mdhy; jputf; fopTfs; tb kw;Wk; gpw gFjp tpiyAaHe;j fw;fs; mjpf Fl;ilapy; Eioe;jd.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Kd;Ndw;wk;

fhh;gd;

,y;yhj

fpuhkg;Gw kf;fspilNa Rj;jkhd vhpnghUs; njhopy;El;gq;fis gpugyg;gLj;JtNj fhh;gd; ntspNaw;wj;ij Fiwg;gjw;F rpwe;j topahFk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

Guh[f;l; #hpah jpl;lkhdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay; Kiwia nfhz;l rikay; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ

tsUk; ehLfspy; %d;W kpy;ypad; eltbf;if jpl;lq;fs;> cs;fl;likg;G kf;fs; jq;fs; md;whl czTfis kw;Wk; Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis jahhpg;gjw;F fspkz; mLg;Gfs;> jpwe;jntsp toq;Ftjw;fhf> Guh[f;l; #hpah mwpKfk; neUg;G kw;Wk; %d;W fy; nfhz;l nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. rikay; mLg;G mikg;Gfspy; tpwF> gaph; fopTfs; ,laPl;L jpl;lj;jpd; jdpj;Jtk; mjDila kw;Wk; khl;Lr;rhdj;ij vhpg;gijNa tpQ;Qhd ftdj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpwJ: ek;gpapUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ cq;fSf;F fhyepiy ntg;gkiljy;> fhw;W khRghL> njhpAkh? tPl;Lf;F cl;Gwj;jpYs;s fhw;W Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; kdpj eyd; Nghd;wtw;wpy; khRghL Foe;ijfSf;F epkpNkhdpahitAk; caphpdj;njhFjp-vhpnghUs; rikaiy kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F ehl;gl;l Fiwf;Fk; jpwd; Fwpj;J ,d;W %r;Rf;Foha; mow;rp NkYk; gpw tiu kpf tphpthd kw;Wk; Neha;fisAk; fdprkhd msT jPtpukhd mwptpy; kjpg;gha;T tPlb ; d; cl;Gw mjpfhpf;Fk; Mgj;J ,Uf;fpwJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fhw;W khRghL vd Ma;Tfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. Guh[f;l; #h;ah Foe;ijfsplk; rikay; nra;Ak; NghJ jpl;lkhdJ tsUk; ehLfspy; epNkhdpah ntspg;gLk; Gifapy; FWfpa Vio fpuhkg;Gw tPLfspy; fhyNk ePbf;Fk; Mdhy; cz;ikapNyNa Rj;jkhd Neha;ff ; hd fhyepiy khw;wj;jpy; mjpf Mw;wy; njhopy;El;gq;fis Mgj;ij fdprkhf jhf;fj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; fUg;G ngWtjw;fhd mZfiy mjpfhpf;fpwJ fhh;gd; Nghd;w fhuzpfs; tphpTgLj;Jtjw;F cs;sd> ,J xsp-cwpQ;Rk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j fhh;gd; Jfs;fshFk; NkYk; nray;ghl;by;> jpl;l ,J fhh;gd; il Mf;irL kw;Wk; kPNjd; $l;likg;ghdJ Rj;jkhd rikay; Nghd;w gRikapy;y thAf;fis tpl FWfpa njhopy;El;gq;fspd; mstplf;$ba fhyepiy fhyj;jpy; Mw;wy;tha;e;jjhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ed;ikfis fz;fhzpf;f Kay;fpwJ> NkYk; fpuhkg;Gw r%fq;fis Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ,jd; %yk;> fpuhkg;Gw gad;ghl;lhsh;fis rikay; njhopy;El;gq;fSf;F khw;w cjTk; fhyepiy epjpapdhy; tsg;gLj;Jk;. tifapy; epiyahd> jpwd;kpf;f> Cf;fk;rhh;e;j Guh[f;l; #hpah jpl;lkhdJ fypNghh;dpah

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Ndw;wk;

gy;fiyf;fofk; (rhd; bahNfh)> vhprf;jp efh;T” f;F rkkhditfSf;F (xU fhw;whb kw;Wk; tsq;fs; epWtdk; kw;Wk; nef;];yPg; cjtpapy;yhky; fhw;F ,q;Nf ,ay;ghf mdiybf;]; (mnkhpf;fh) Nghd;wtw;iw tPRfpwJ) vjpuhf ,Ug;gjdhy;> KLf;F cs;slf;fpa xU cyf $l;likg;gpdhy; efh;T mLg;Gfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f cah; eph;tfpf;fg; gLfpwJ. Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;Gw ed;ikfis fpuhkg;Gw ,e;jpa kf;fs;njhifapd; r%f- ngw;wpUg;gjhf mwpag;gLfpwJ. $Lkhdkl;Lk; fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mLg;gpd; midj;J epiyj;jd;ikia epiwNtw;w> $WfSNk el;L kl;Lk; vhprf;jp kw;Wk; tsq;fs; Nghy;l; mbg;gilapNyNa #hpa xspapy; epWtdk; (TERI) %y Kd; cs;sJ kw;Wk; gad;gLj;Jk; rhh;[; Vw;Wk; xU khjphpahd Rj;jkhd rikay; ghfq;fs; nghJthfNt mikg;G ,JNghd;w mLg;Gfis cUthf;fpAs;sJ. fpuhkg;Gw filfspy; $l ,jpy; xU Nky;-Vw;w xw;iwg; fpilf;fpwJ. #hpa xspapy; tpUg;gj;Njh;TfisAk; ghid mLg;G> xU Kd;-Vw;w rhh;[; Vw;Wk; mikg;G kw;Wk; ,e;j mLg;G xw;iwg; ghid mLg;G kw;Wk; nghpa FLk;gq;fSf;fhf toq;FfpwJ xU Kd;-Vw;w ,ul;ilg; ghid $Ljy; mLg;G jiyfs; mLg;Gk; cs;slq;Fk;. ,e;j Nghd;w tpUg;gj;Njh;TfisAk; %yq;fs; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,e;j mLg;Gf;fs; vhpg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; cs; Njitfis G+h;j;jp toq;Ffpd;wd. ,jd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; nra;tjw;Fk; $Ljy; $WfSld; nghUj;jf; fUj;J vd;dntd;why; ,e;j mLg;Gfs; $ba xU jug;gLj;jg;gl;l mLg;G vhpg;G kf;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa rikay; miwf;F cjTk; xU tprpwp KLf;F efh;T gof;ftof;q;fSf;Fk; nghUe;JfpwJ nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjDila ‘,aw;if Mdhy; khw;W Kiwapy; ,y;iy. Guh[f;l;

,lJ: fhh;gd; fld; gzk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ; tyJ: Guh[f;l; #hpah jpl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay; Kiwapy; gzpahw;Wjy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

#hpah jpllkhdJ fpuhkg;Gw r%fq;fspy; Jfs;fSf;fhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tbfl;b Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay; njhopy;El;gq;fis nfhz;l xU kpdpNar;rh; VNuhry; khjphpia gug;GfpwJ kw;Wk; fUg;G fhh;gd; Nghd;w gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. [pgpMh;v]; (GPRS) kw;Wk; Kf;fpa khRghl;L fhuzpfspd; ntspNaw;w Nfkuh trjpAila xU nry;Nghid xUth; msit jPtpukhf fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. itj;jpUe;jhy;> tbfl;bia Gifg;glk; ,j;jpl;lkhdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l mLg;G vLj;J xU ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l rh;tUf;F gad;ghl;bd; fhuzkhf tah; ,y;yhky; mDg;gyhk;. fUg;G fhh;gd; ntspNaw;w mjd;gpd; xU rpf;fyhd Nrkpg;Gf;fis kjpg;gpl fzpdp topKiwahdJ KLf;F efh;T ,uz;L tpiy Fiwe;j Gifg;glj;jpYs;s tbfl;bapd; mLg;Gfis xU nrd;rhh; njhopy;El;gq;fis fUg;Gj;jd;ikapYs;s fUg;G jiyrpwe;j Njh;thf gad;gLj;j jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpwJ. fhh;gd; ntspNaw;wj;ij ntg;gepiyahdJ kjpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j milahsg;gLj;jTk; nghUj;jg;gl;l nrd;rhh; fUtp tah;ny]; njhopy;El;gkhdJ ,j;jpl;lk; cjTfpwJ %ykhf gjpT nra;ag;gLfpwJ nryit fdprkhd msT kw;Wk; xU mlhg;lh; Fiwg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky;> rh;fpAl; kw;Wk; njh;kp];lh; %ykhf epfo; ,J mLg;gpd; gad;ghl;il ghpNrhjpf;fj;jf;f> Neu ntg;gepiy msit ,izf;fg;gl;l njhopy;El;gj;ij ikag;gLj;jpa kw;Wk; xU nkhigy; NghDf;F mjDila nryT Fiwe;j fz;fhzpg;ig toq;FfpwJ. n`l;nrl; N[f; topahf flj;JfpwJ. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j njhopy;El;gj;ij [hth trjpAila mLg;G njhopy;El;gq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; njhiyNgrpapYk; ngwyhk;. ,uz;lhtJ xU jiyrpwe;j Njh;thf KLf;F efh;T tpUg;gj;Njh;T vd;dntd;why; cl;Gw fhw;Wj; mLg;Gfis milahsk; fhz cjTfpwJ> Kjy;Kiwahf Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj ,lk; rhh;e;ij jPh;it nfhz;L jiuapy; cs;s fUg;G fhh;gid mstpl cjTk; Fiwe;j nrytpyhd nry;Nghd; njhopy;El;gj;ij cUthf;fpAs;sJ> rikay; ghj;jpuq;fis gad;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghd r%f-nghUshjhu jilfs; kw;Wk; fhuzpfis fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ NkYk; rikay; eltbf;iffSld; #h;ah igyl; fpuhkj;jpd; Rw;Wg;Gwnkq;fpYk; fUg;G fhh;gdpd; cl;Gw kw;Wk; ntspg;Gw nrwpTfSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlh;igAk; ,j;jpl;lk; tpsf;FfpwJ. #hpah jpl;lj;jpd; igyl; fl;lk; 2011y; ntw;wpfukhf epiwNtwpaJ. ,jd; jw;Nghija nray;ghl;bYs;s fl;lkhdJ cj;jug; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; xbrh khepyq;fspy; cs;s 4>000 fpuhkg;Gw tPLfspy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Guh[f;l; #h;ah jpl;lk; fpuhkg;Gw gad;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F xU Nghypahd ‘fhyepiy fld;’ epjpia cUthf;fpAs;sJ. nrd;rhh; fUtpfs; gjpT nra;j> GJ by;ypapYs;s b,Mh;I (TERI) mYtyfk; Nrfhpj;j Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay; mLg;Gfspd; gad;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy;> fpuhkg;Gw ngz;fSf;F mth;fSila tq;fp fzf;fspy; khjk; ,UKiw nrhw;g gzk; Nghlg;gLk;. ntF rkPgj;jpy;> Guh[f;l; #H;ah jpl;lkhdJ gy;NtW $l;L epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J mQ;ry;top gzk; nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk; nkhigy; top gzk; nrYj;Jjy; Nghd;w Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l rikay; mLg;Gfis gad;gLj;Jgth;fSf;F epjpaspf;Fk; Gjpa topKiwfis Muha;e;J tUfpwJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

moF

epiwe;j

rpf;fpk; kiy cr;rpfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; gdpglh;ej ; rpfuq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghy; cs;sJ. khepyj;jpd; rpy kiwe;Js;s nghf;fp\ q;fis fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhd xU gazj;ij njhlq;Fq;fs; ciu | mdpy; ky;re;jhdp

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

fh;kh njf;ypq; klhyak;

gpukhz;lkhd kiy rpfuq;fs;> fhLR+o;e;j kiyafq;fs; kw;Wk; gha;e;NjhLk; MWfs; nfhz;l xU ,aw;iffhl;rp epiwe;j mofhd khepykhd rpf;fpk; kyufq;fs;> ths; ypy;yp> thy; G+f;fs;> ntq;fha tif> fhl;LNuh[h> mypQ;rp G+ kw;Wk; gpw fhl;Lg; G+f;fs;> gbKiw tay;fs;> goj; Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Vyf;fha;> kQ;rs; kw;Wk; ,Q;rp Nghd;w krhyhf;fs;

Vuhskha; fhzg;gLk; xU jhtutpay; nrhh;f;fkhFk;. ,J cauj;jpy; thOk; tpyq;FfSf;fhd tPlhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ kw;Wk; gl;lhk;G+r;rpfisAk; ,kakiyapd; gwit ,dq;fisAk; ghh;g;gjw;F xU rpwe;j ,lkhFk;. Gtpapay; hPjpahf> ,jd; epyg;gug;G Mokhd gs;sj;jhf;FfspypUe;J mlh;e;j fhLfs; kw;Wk; Fsph; ghiytdq;fs; tiu tphpe;Js;sJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

1975k; Mz;L Vg;uy; 26y; rpf;fpk; 22tJ ,e;jpa khepykhf cUntLj;jJ. Neghs;> rPdhtpd; jpngj;jpa jd;dhl;rpg; gFjp kw;Wk; G+l;lhd; ,tw;iw %d;W gf;fq;fspYk;; kw;Wk; njw;fpy; Nkw;F tq;fj;ij vy;iyfshf nfhz;l ,k;khepyk; ,e;j gFjpfs; midj;jpd; fyhr;rhu jhf;fq;fis

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. nyg;rhf;fs;> G+l;lhdpah;fs; topapyhd G+l;lhah]; kw;Wk; Neghsj;ij Nrh;e;j brhq;]; kw;Wk; Nfhh;fh]; Kf;fpa r%fj;jpdh;fshth;fs;.

Nfq;lhf; khepyj;jpd; tskhd fyhr;rhuj;ij

xU goikahd Gj;j klhyak;

mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; jiyefh; Nfq;lhf; mike;jpUf;Fk; njd;fpof;fpypUe;J ePq;fs; xU rpf;fPk; Rw;Wg;gazj;ij Jtq;fyhk;. ,e;efuk; 1840fspy; vd;Nr klhyak; Kjypy; fl;lg;gl;l gpwF Gj;j ikak; MdJ kw;Wk; ,J “gwf;Fk;” gtpj;jpu Mrhd; l;Ug;Njhg; fhh;Nghtpdhy; Mrph;thjk;

ngw;wJ. mg;NghjpypUe;J> mjDila Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tsh;e;jJ kw;Wk; Nrhf;ahy; vd;w guk;giu ngaUila uh[tk;rk;rj;jhy; MSif nra;ag;gl;l rpf;fpk; uh[;[paj;jpd; jiyefuhf Nfq;lhf; 1894k; Mz;by; cUntLj;jJ. klhyak; efhpd; cr;rpapy; xU jbj;j ku %bAld; ,aw;iffhl;rp jJk;g mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. brk;gh; kw;Wk; [dthp khjq;fspy; bNlhh; rhk; Nghd;w jpUtpohf;fspd; NghJ ePq;fs; Kf%b eldq;fis ghh;f KbAk;. 1958k; Mz;by; epWtg;gl;l ek;[pahy; jpngj;jpa epWtdkhdJ Mr;rhpakhf tz;zk; jPl;lg;gl;l kw;Wk; vk;g;uha;bq; nra;ag;gl;l jq;fh];> gtpj;;jpu rlq;F nghUl;fs;> Gj;j rpd;dq;fs; kw;Wk; NtjE}y;fs; cl;gl t[;uhad nghsj;jk; kw;Wk; jpngj;jpa fyhr;rhuj;Jld; njhlh;ghd xU gue;j fiy Nrfhpg;Gfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. rpf;fpk; fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpak; njhlh;ghd eif> ghpRfs;> Gj;jfq;fs;> rlq;F nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Mtzg;glq;fspd; Nrfhpg;ig xU GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l epidTg;nghUs; mq;fhb tpw;gid nra;fpw Neuj;jpy; tPl;bd; Kjy; jsj;jpYs;s xU E}yfk; tpiykjpg;gw;w nghpa Gj;j E}y;fis tpw;;fpd;wd. ,q;fpUe;J> fzf;fw;w joy; ntz;nza; tpsf;Ffs; nfhz;l fz;zhb RtUila fhl;rpafq;fshy; #og;gl;l xU nghpa nts;is ];J}gp L-LUy; Nrhh;lhd; kw;Wk; Jwtpfs; tpLjpf;F tUif jhUq;fs;. Nrhf;ahy; ];jyk; kw;Wk; <h;f;fj;jf;f Lrf;yhf;fhq; Nfhtpypd; ntspg;Gwj;ij ghh;g;gjw;F KfL topahf elf;fTk;. vd;Nr klhyaj;jpypUe;J> jh\p Kid kw;Wk; `Dkhd; lhf; cld; Nrh;e;J Nfq;lhf;fpd; rpwg;ghd Njhw;wq;fspy; xd;whd fNz\; lhf; Nehf;fp tlf;Nf nry;yTk;. fNz\;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

lhf; mUfpYs;s khyad; caphpay; G+q;fhthdJ Gs;spNghl;l rpWj;ij> gdp rpWj;ij> ,kakiy fub> rptg;G ghz;lh kw;Wk; kiyg; gwit tho;f;ifia ghh;g;gjw;F xU rpwe;j ,lkhFk;.

fiyfs;> iftpidfs; kw;Wk; rikaw;fiy Xtpaq;fs;> nerT> kuk; nrJf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Kf%b jahhpj;jy; Nghd;w jpwikfis tsh;f;Fk; Fbir njhopy;fSf;fhd muR epWtdj;jpw;F fNz\; lhf;fpypUe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fp nry;yTk;. jq;fh]; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; gUj;jp my;yJ gl;Lj;Jzpapy; Xtah;fs; tiue;j Gj;j fhl;rpfs;> kz;ly;]; my;yJ nja;tq;fis ghh;f;fTk;. NkYk; nyg;rh kw;Wk; gpw ngz;kzpfs; nea;Ak; ghuk;ghpa KJF thh; ,Lg;G-jwpfis ftdpf;fTk;. ,q;Nf mth;fs; cUthf;Fk; kw;nwhU Rthu];akhd fiy tbtk; vd;dntd;why; yhkh eldj;jpd; NghJ mzpAk; nrJf;fpa kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l my;yJ fhfpj$ohy; nra;ag;gl;l Kf%bfs;. mofhf nrJf;fp> nkU$l;b

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

rPdh kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpw;F ,ilapyhd gl;L th;j;jf ghijahd gioa gl;L ghijapy; cs;s tisT rhiyfs;> rpf;fpk;; vjph; gf;fk;? rpf;fpk; Nfq;lhf; uk;nlf; klhyaj;jpy; Gj;j jpUtpoh

rkaw;fiyia Kaw;rpg;gjw;F Nfq;lhf; kw;Wk; rptg;G> ePyk;> gpq;f;> MuQ;R> xU rpwe;j ,lkhFk;. Nkhk]; vd;W gOg;G kw;Wk; jq;f epwq;fspy; tz;zk; miof;fg;gLk; gy;NtW nghUl;fis jPl;lg;gLk; Nrhf;l;]; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; cs;slf;fpa nfhYf;fl;ilfs; kw;Wk; rpwa Nki[fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf kuk; Jf;gh]; vd;W $l;lhf miof;fg;gLk; nrJf;Fjy; eilngWfpwJ. gy;NtW E}Ly; Fok;Gfs; nghJthd Nfq;lhf;fpypUe;J 24 fpkP njhiytpy; czTg; gz;lq;fshFk;. rpd;R vd;W mike;Js;s uk;nlf; nrJf;fg;gl;l miof;fg;gLk; ];bq;fpq; Gj;j cUtq;fSf;F nel;by;];> ed;FNuh vd Gfo;ngw;wjhFk;. ,J xU gue;j miof;fg;gLk; nguzp> Rh;gp Jwtpah; tshfk;> jpgj;jpa jpngj;Jld; vd miof;fg;gLk; cs;Sh; Gj;jkjj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa jdpj; rP];fs;> nehjpj;j NrhahgPd;];> epWtdq;fspy; xd;iwAk; njhlh;Gila %q;fpy; jsph;fs; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; fUg;G jiyg;ghif fhl;L fhshd;fs; Nghd;wit rpf;fpk; gphpT ,Uf;if Nghd;wtw;iw Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; tsh;f;fg;gl;l rkaw;fiyia nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; fha;fwpfSld; czTfspy; jl;il $iuAila Kf;fpa Kaw;rpg;gjw;F gad;gLjjg;gLfpwJ. fl;blk; jq;f $iu Nfq;lhf; xU Kfl;nlhg;gidfisAk; rpwe;j ,lkhFk; fpof;F rpf;fpk; kw;Wk; xU mofhd nts;sp Nfq;lhf;fpypUe;J xU kw;Wk; jq;f Nrhh;l;lidAk; ,aw;if fhl;rpepiwe;j rhiy nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. tPl;L cq;fis brhd;F (rhd;F) Vhpf;F vLj;Jr; gPlj;jpd; fUg;G jiyg;ghif gphptpd; nry;fpwJ kw;Wk; mjd;gpd; tre;jfhy – 16tJ jiy ghjp tpiyAah;e;j fw;fshy; Nfhilfhy khjq;fspy; G+f;fs; kw;Wk; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gwitfspd; xU gue;j fhl;rpia mspf;Fk; jpngj;Jld; jdpj; njhlh;Gila rpf;fpk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

NkNy: fh;kh ];rphpd; eye;jh ,d;];bAl;> Nfq;lhf;; vjph;gf;fk;: (NkNy) rhq;Nkh Vhp; (fPNo) ahk;jq; gs;sj;jhf;fpy; cs;s ,kakiyfspd; mofpa rpfuq;fs;

kw;Wk; Fsph; khjq;fspy; gdp glh;jiy ghijia gpd;gw;wTk;. ,q;fpUe;J ak;jhq; mspf;Fk; fpahd;Nfhd;rhyh my;igd; kw;Wk; Nrhg;lh gs;sj;jhf;FfSf;F ruzhyaj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. 12>402 nry;yTk;. yhrq;fpw;F nry;Yk; rhiy mbAs;s brhd;F Vhp gdpia neUf;fkhf 18k; E}w;whz;bd; ,uz;L klq;fis ghh;g;gjw;F xU rpwe;j ,lkhFk;. fle;J nry;fpwJ – xd;W RtNuhtpaq;fs;> Nfq;lhf;fpy; xU mDkjp kuNtiyfs; kw;Wk; Gj;j ngw;Wtpl;L ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; rpd;dq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpw nyrq;fpw;F nry;Yk; rPdhtpw;F ,ilapyhd ghj;Njhq;fpy; ,Uf;fpwJ ,uz;L jpwe;j th;j;jf kw;nwhd;W yhg;uhq;fpy; rhiy 18k; E} vy;iy fhtyuz;fspy; ,Uf;fpwJ. w;whz;bd; ,uz;L xd;whd rpy;f; &l;by; yhrq;fpypUe;J xU klhyaq;fis fle;J cs;s eJyh gh]pw;F rhiyahdJ Nfhil nry;fpwJ tUif juTk;. khjq;fspy; xU G+f;fs; gs;sj;jhf;fhf tl rpf;fpk; khWk; NuhNlhnld;uhd; mofpa Mw;wq;fiu fpuhkq;fshd nyr;rd; ruzhyaj;ij fle;J 11>857 mb kw;Wk; yhrq;fpw;F nry;tjw;F B];lh fly; kl;lj;jpw;F NkNy mike;Js;s Mw;wpd; fiuapYs;s xU mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ak;jhq;fpw;F nry;fpwJ. nyrdpy;ypUe;J

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

G+ kyh;tjw;F ngah;Nghd Nrhg;lh gs;sj;jhf;if fle;J 17>800 mbapy; cs;s FUlhq;khh; Vhpf;F nry;yTk;. jpngj;jpa Gj;j kjj;jth;fSf;F Gdpjkhf ,Uf;fpw FUlhq;khh;f;F nry;tjw;F mDkjp Njitg;gLfpwJ. jpgnj;Jf;F nry;Yk; NghJ ,ij fle;Jnrd;w FU ehdf;if ek;Gk; rPf;fpah;fshYk; Gdpjkhf Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.

Nkw;F rpf;fpk; fQ;rd;[q;fh kiyj;njhlhpd; fz;fth; fhl;rpfs; Nkw;F rpf;fpKf;F topelj;JfpwJ. mjd; tPLfs; rpy Kf;fpakhd klq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ngUk;ghyhd Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; ngy;ypq;fpw;F nry;fpwhh;fs;. nry;Yk; topapy; igf;];lq; kw;Wk; hpd;nrd;Nghq; Nghd;w fpuhkq;fspy; rpy fz;Zf;fpdpa cy;yhr tpLjp;fs;> gz;iztPLfs; kw;Wk; jq;Fk; tPl;L trjpfs; cs;sd. thh;Nr NuhNlhnld;uhd; ruzhyaj;jpw;F my;yJ ghh;Nr NuhNlhnld;uhd; ruzhyaj;jpw;F xU ,aw;ifahd kiyNaw;wj;ij ePq;fs; Njh;T nra;ayhk;. ,ul;il fpuhkq;fshd hpd;nrd;Nghq; kw;Wk; fhYf; mtw;wpd; gRikkhwhf; fhLfspd; fz;Zf;fpdpa ,aw;if fhl;rpfs;> gbKiw gz;izfs;> kw;Wk; xU njspthd ehspy; gdp %ba rpfuq;fSf;F ngah;ngw;wjhapUf;fpwJ. ghuk;ghpa rpf;fpk; fl;blf;fiyia fhz;gpf;Fk; nyg;rh ghuk;ghpa tPL> lhf; gq;fshtpw;F mUfpy; jh$h; jq;fpajpd; epidthh;j;jkhd ugpe;ju thd; fhh;ld;];> ag;-Ak; epiyapy; Mjp Gj;jhpd; xU gt;akhd rpiy nfhz;l 18tJ E}w;whz;L hpf;rk; klhyak; Nghd;wit ghh;f;f Ntz;ba ,lq;fspy; rpytdthFk;. ,q;fpUe;J> rpfuq;fspd; xU mw;Gj Njhw;wk; nfhz;l fly; kl;lj;jpw;F Nky; 6>800 mbapy; mike;Js;s ngy;ypq;fpw;F nry;yTk;. jq;fh];> RtNuhtpaq;fs;> rpiyfs; kw;Wk; jpngj;jpa Gj;jkj epWtdh; FU hpd;Nghr;Nrapd; td tPl;bd; mofhd khjphp Nghd;w Gj;j fiyapd; xU nghf;fp\rhiyahfpa fpgp 1705d;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

NkNy: uthq;yhtpy; cs;s Gj;j rpiy; ,lJ: Ngkahq;l;Nr Nfhk;gh

ngkahq;];Nl klhyaj;jpw;F ,J Gfo;ngw;wjhapUf;fpwJ. gy Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; ,e;J kw;Wk; Gj;j ahj;jpiu ];jykhd Gdpj Nfr;Nrhghy;hp Vhpf;F nry;tjw;fhf ngy;ypq;if jq;fSila Mjhukhf nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. gz;ila Nrhh;ld;fis nfhz;l jh\pbq; kw;WnkhU fl;lhak; ghh;f;f Ntz;ba Nfhk;ghthFk;.

njd; rpf;fpk; ngy;ypq;fpypUe;J njw;F rpf;fpkpYs;s uhtq;yhtpw;F njw;F Nehf;fp nry;yTk;. khepyj;jpd; ,e;j gFjp Crpapiy fhLfs;> Njapiy Njhl;lq;fs;> Mr;rhpa%l;Lk; ,aw;if fhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; kj milahsr; rpd;dq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ehk;rp Ff;fpuhkk; rhh; jhk; vd miof;fg;gLk; xU tshfj;jpy; cs;s 33 kP cau rptd; rpiy kw;Wk; rhk;l;Ug;l;Nr tshfj;jpYs;s FU hpd;Nghr;Nrapd; (gj;krk;ghth) 45 kP cau rpiy Nghd;w jd;Dila kj mikg;GfSf;F ngah;ngw;wjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

tpkHrdk

Rthu];akhf> rk];fpUjk; #j;jpuq;fs;> `tid xj;j Kof;fkplg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; `tid Nghd;wJ vq;fs; midtUf;Fk; mtw;iw njupAk;"> vd jpiug;gl jahupg;ghsH tpsf;fpAk; fhl;bdhH. nkhopapd; jj;Jt cs;slf;fj;ij gw;wp NgRk; NghJ> [g;ghdpa eilKiwfspy; Mokhd mHj;jq;fs; cs;sd> mit ,e;jpa jj;Jtj;jpd; Muk;g Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;F kPz;Lk; xU nrhw;gfhythrk; vLf;f ek;ik fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;wd. gy topfspy;> jj;Jt Gupjy; nghUj;jkhf> [g;ghdpy; ed;F guhkupf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. ePq;fs; fhuzq;fis Ma;e;jwpe;jPHfnsd;why;>

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

NkypUe;J tyQ;Ropahf: `thd; my;yJ N`hkh vd miof;fg;gLk; Nfhkh@ ru];tjp Nfhtpy;> fpd;fhF[p> fpNahl;Nlh@ ru];tjp Fsk;@ va;fhd;Nlh nrd;upe; [P> fpNahl;Nlh> 5 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; rk];fpUj ];fpupg;l; ,d;Dk; gad;ghl;by; cs;sJ@ ru];tjp Nfhtpy;> lf;fh`l;lh g+Nlh Nfhapy;

[g;ghdpy; fyhr;rhu tpjpKiwfspy; KwpT ,y;iy vd;gij ePq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;f ,aYk; ,e;jpah mjd; %yk; xU fhydpj;Jt fy;tp mikg;ig cUthf;FkhW ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpaHfSf;F> jq;fs; nrhe;j fyhr;rhuj;jpw;fhd mwpKfk; Nkw;fj;jpa ghHitapypUe;J te;jJ. "Nkyhjpf;f kw;Wk; Nghw;wg;gLk; nkhopahf Mq;fpyk; ,Ue;jJ mJ ,d;W tiu cs;sJ. ntspg;gilahf> gs;spfs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fofq;fypy; vq;fs; midj;J Gj;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tp> Mq;fpyk; ghHitapy; Nt&d;wpAs;sJ>" vd ng`;y; gfpUfpwhH. jpiug;gl jahupg;ghsH> [g;ghdpy; mtuJ mDgtq;fSf;F gpd;dH> ,e;jpah kw;Wk; [g;ghd; ,ilNa cwT czug;gLtij tpl mUfpy; cs;sJ vd;gij Gupe;J nfhs;s ,JNt Neuk; vd czHe;jhH. “gPg;gps; x/g;; nkhNlHd;" Nkw;ghHit gw;wp ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk; mJ gz;ila fyhr;rhuj;ij NjLjy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUshjhu tsHr;rpf;F toptFf;Fk;. cz;ikapy;> fyhr;rhuk; tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fk;> nghUs; kw;Wk; nrwpit toq;FfpwJ mJ ehk; vd;d nra;fpNwhNkh mjpy; ek;ik cz;ikapNyNa ntw;wp ngwr;nra;fpwJ. NtW vd;d> mJ ey;y Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fk; toptFf;Fk;>" vd;fpwhH ng`;y;.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Ma;Tg; gazk;

jpl;lkplg;gl;l efukakhf;Fjypd;

rpd;dk;

mwpKfk;: rd;bfH> Rtp]; gpuQ;R efHg;Gw jpl;l mwpQH ny nfhg+rpNauhy; nra;ag;gl;l xU fl;ll cUthf;fk;> ,J ve;j etPd ,e;jpa efu jpl;lkpLjYf;Fk; xU thHg;ghff; fUjg;gLfpwJ ciu | re;j;Nuap ngskpf;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

xUNtis rz;bfH 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; fpNuf;fHfs;> NuhkhdpaHfs; kw;Wk; kw;w kpfTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f efHg;Gw jpl;lkply; Kiwfs; cyfshtpa fl;llf; fiy fhl;rpapy; Nrhjidfspy; xd;whf kl;Lk; fUjg;gLtjpy;iy> Mjpf;fk; nra;fpwJ. mJ Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpe;ija ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l efuq;fspy; mbj;jsk; mikj;jy; xd;whFk;. Rtp]; gpuQ;R efHg;Gw gpf;rH];Fa+yp mofpa \ jpl;likg;ghsH- tbtikg;ghsH pthypf; kiyfs; mbthuj;jpy; rd;bfH fl;ll fiyQH ny nfhg+rpNaupd; mike;Js;sJ> rz;bfH "rz;b" jpl;lkplg;gl;l rpy kpf ngupa fl;llf;fiy kw;Wk; "fH" vd;gjpd; ,izg;Gr; gilg;Gfspd; tPlhf jpfo;fpwJ nrhy;yhFk;. ngz; nja;tk; efukakhf;Fjypd; ,e;j rd;bfH jpl;lkplg;gl;l rz;bia Fwpg;gpLfpwJ> ghHtjp xU rpd;dk; efukakhf;Fjypd; rpd;dk;. Njtpapd; NghHtPu tbtk; kw;Wk; fl;llf; fiyf;fhd ildkpf; “fH" vd;gjd; nghUs; “Nfhl;il". mZFKiw nghJthf ngaH rz;bfH efuj;jpw;F "etPdj;Jtk;" vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,J mUNfAs;s mk;kd; mHg;gzpj;j xU goikahd mwpKfgLj;jg;gl;lJ Kjy;> 20Mk; E} Nfhapypy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ. w;whz;bd; kpfTk; nry;thf;F kpf;f fhHGNraupd; mJ nfhg+rpNaupd; rpe;jidfs; kw;Wk; (1887-1965) GfOf;F vy;iyNa ,y;iy. nray;gLj;Jk; rf;jpfs; efuj;jpw;F xU efHg;Gw fl;llf;fiy etPdj;Jtk; tUiff;F Kd;> tbtikg;ig toq;FfpwJ. cyfshtpa

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Ma;Tg; gazk;

mfykhdJ rz;bfupd; midj;J ,Uf;Fk; Jiwfis ,izf;fpwJ> xt;nthd;Wk; ghlrhiyfs;> filfs; kw;Wk; nghOJNghf;F ,lq;fspd; me;je;j njhFg;Gld; xU jd;dpiwthd Rw;Wg;Gwkhfj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. g+q;fhf;fs; kw;Wk; kuq;fs; mzptFf;Fk; toptifapyhd gr;ir ,izg;G nfhq;fpuPw; kw;Wk; njhFjp tbt fl;llq;fis ed;whf rkg;gLj;JfpwJ. gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 1>200 kPw;wUf;F 800 kPw;wH msTs;s Ntfkhf ,ae;jpukakhd Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F xJf;fg;gl;l rhiyfs; %yk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; FbapUg;G gFjpapy; ,Ue;J Neubahf mZf jil tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nrq;Nfhz njU fl;lq;fs; >thfd gad;ghl;il vspjhf;f mfykhd riyfs;> jpwe;j ntspfs; kw;Wk; kfj;jhd gRikAldhd KOikahd fl;llq;fs;> ntspr;rk; kw;Wk; fhw;Nwhl;lj;Jld; xU mwpthHe;j efuj;ij cUthf;f Ke;ija mnkupf;f efHg;Gw jpl;l mwpQH My;gHl; NkaH kw;Wk; Nghyp\; fl;bl fiyQH NkrpNa[; Nehtpf;fpahy; cUthf;fg;gl;l jpl;lq;fis nfhg+rpNaH khw;wk; nra;jhH. ,d;W> rz;bfH ve;j etPd ,e;jpa efu jpl;lkplYf;Fk; xU thHg;ghf fUjg;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghyhd fl;llq;;fs; Rj;jkhd fd tbtj;jpy; cs;sd> mit msT> tpfpjk; kw;Wk; tptuj;jpy; rpwg;G Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld; tbtpayhy; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Jiyikj; jpl;lk; "rz;bfH xU Rje;jpukhd> ,ytr> etPd kw;Wk; Gj;JapH ngw;w ,e;jpahtpd; xU rpd;dkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ>" vd;fpwhH gpujhg; rpq;> jiyik epHthf mjpfhup> nkhfhyp tshfk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa tzpf gs;sp Jiz Bd; (ISB). ,e;jpahtpd; gpujk ke;jpup [t`Hyhy; NeU kw;Wk; gQ;rhgpd; Kjyikr;rH gHjhg; rpq; ifNuhd;> nfhg+rpNaupd; jiyikapy; mjid cz;ikahf khw;w xU jpl;lkpl;l efuj;jpw;fhd fdit gfpHe;J kw;Wk; rpwe;jijg; ngw;W kw;Wk; cyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J gpufhrkhd jpwikfis nfhz;L te;jdH. cz;ikapy;> 60 Mz;LfSf;F gpd;dH> rz;bfH ,d;Dk; xU Jbg;ghd gue;j Nehf;fKs;s efukhf cs;sJ> mJ

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

NkNy: yP nfhg+rpNaH ikak;@ fPNo: rd;bfupy; cs;s yP nfhg+rpNaupd; jpwe;j if rpiy

Ghiwj; Njhl;lk;

njhlHe;J tho;e;J tsHe;J tUfpwJ> fhl;rp kw;Wk; nfhg+rpNaupd; nra;JKbf;Fk; jpwd; ,uz;bw;Fk; xU mQ;rypahf mikfpwJ vd tpsf;FfpwhH. "mtH vq;fSf;F xU Gjpa efHg;Gw fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; kjpg;Gila xU efukhf cUthf;fp MSk; xU Gjpa topia nfhLj;Js;shH mJ Nrhjid Neuj;jpy; vjpHj;J epd;Ws;sJ. cz;ikapy; ehq;fs; rz;bfupd; ntw;wpia tpthjpf;ifapy; xUNtis nfhg+rpNaH ,e;jpah nra;ag;gl;l kpf ngupa gq;fspg;G MFk;>" vd;fpwhH rpq;. nfhg+rpNaupd; njhiyNehf;Fg; ghHit nrayfk;> rl;lkd;wk; kw;Wk; caH ePjpkd;wk; cs;slf;fpa> jiyik tshfk; vd;W ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhHy;]; Nfhupah kw;Wk; ghyfpU\;z Njh\p Nghd;w fiyQHfs; (rz;bfH

jpl;lj;jpy; nfhg+rpNaUld; neUf;fkhf gzpGupe;jtHfs;) Mf;fg;g+Htkhf jiyikf; fl;ll fiyQuplk; ,Ue;J ,e;jpa #oypy; etPdj;Jtj;jpd; fUj;ij cs;nsLj;jpUe;jdH. "ehk; ,d;W czHfpNwhk; mJ xU ey;y efuk; kdpj NjHTfspd; KbthFk;@ mJ ey;y jukhd efHg;Gw tho;f;if tbtikg;G> mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk; Ml;rpapd; xU tp\akhFk;. ehq;fs; gpujkH jpU eNue;jpu Nkhbahy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l 100 rp;khHl; efuq;fis Nehf;fpr; nry;y ,e;j gbg;gpidfs; vq;fSf;F ed;F gzpahw;w fw;Wj;jUfpwJ>" vd rpq; Kbf;fpwhH.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Ma;Tg; gazk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

jq;fj; NjePHf;

fij

,e;jpahtpy; NjePHr; Rw;Wg;gazq;fs; fle;j xU jrhg;jj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;Ws;sd kw;Wk; ,g;NghJ gy Rw;Wg;gazq;fspd; xU Kf;fpa gFjpahfTk; ,it khwptpl;ld ciu | Rg;upah mfHthy;

rha; (NjePPH) kd mOj;jk; kw;Wk; NrhHitf; Fiwf;f vg;NghJk; cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s kf;fspd; Kf;fpa tpUg;gkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. Kjypy; rPdhtpd; ,uz;lhk; NguurH n\d; Eq;fhy; fpK 2737 ,y; ,J fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ> Mq;fpNyaH Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; NghJ> ,e;jpahtpw;F mjd; Kjy; Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; mrhkpy; fpilj;jJ. mij tlfpof;F khepyj;jpy; Kjy; Njapiy Gjiu xU ];fhl;b\; rhfrf;fhuH> nuhNgHl; G&]; fz;lwpe;jhH vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. xU gue;j mstpyhd epyq;fis Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fshf khw;wpajd; %ykhf fpof;F ,e;jpaf; nfhk;gdp> gpd;dH mrhkpy; Njapiy cw;gj;jpiaj; njhlq;fpaJ. jw;NghJ> 70 rjtPjk; cw;gj;jp ehl;bw;Fs; cl;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Ma;Tg; gazk;

cyf mstpy; ,e;jpah Njapiy jahupg;ghsHfspy; xd;whf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,khyaj;jpd; mbthuj;jpYs;s lhH[pypq; mrhkpd; fdkio gpuhe;jpak;> "ePy kiy" ,aw;if epyfhl;rp ePyfpup> %zhW kw;Wk; taehL Nghd;w Nfushtpd; gRikahd gFjpfs; Kjypait Kf;fpa Njapiyg; gFjpfshFk;. Mdhy; NjePH mUe;JtJ gw;wp kl;Lky;yhky;> xUtH kzk;> eWkzj;ij Ritj;jy; kw;Wk; NjePH jahupj;jy; nray;Kiw Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Muha Ntz;Lk;. Njapiyg; gpupaHfs; kw;Wk; gpuahzpfspd; xU neUf;fkhd Gupjiy cUthf;f> NjdPHr; Rw;Wyh vd;w fUj;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gazq;fspd; NghJ> xUtH Njapiyj; njhopw;rhiyfisg; ghHf;f KbAk;> NjePH gq;fshf;fspy; jq;Fjy;> NjePH ,iyfisg; gwpg;gJ kw;Wk; mwpitAk; Mjhakhf;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. Gjpjhfg; gwpf;fg;gl;l #lhd NjePupd; ftHr;rpahd eWkzj;jpy; vOe;jpUg;gJ gy mDgtq;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;f KbAk;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

Map not to scale

Darjeeling

WEST BENGAL

lhH[pypq;> Nkw;F tq;fhsk; kpfTk; gpugykhd kiy efuq;fspy; xd;whd ,e;j efuk; Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fshy; #og;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ gpugy ntspH epw kw;Wk; eWkzkpf;f lhH[Pypq; Njapiyia cw;gj;jpnra;fpwJ. ehl;bd; nkhj;jj; Njapiy tpisr;rypy; RkhH 25 rjtPjk; lhH[pypq;fpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ> mq;F RkhH 80 nray;ghl;L Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs; cs;sd vd;gijf; ftdpf;f Rthu];akhdJ. kifghup Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; kw;Wk; N`hk;];Nu gFjp goikahd Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. lhH[pypq;fpypUe;J 37 fp.kP. J} uj;jpYs;s FHrpahq;fpy; mike;Js;s ,J cyfpd; Kjy; Njapiy cw;gj;jp Njhl;lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. `g;gp gs;sj;jhf;F Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; kw;nwhU ed;F mwpag;gl;l ngUe;Njhl;lkhFk;. lhH[pypq;fpw;F tlf;fpy; 3 fp.kP. J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;s ,J cyfpd; kpf caHe;j Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ngUe;Njhl;lj;jpy; rpy rpwe;j Njapiyfs; tsUfpd;wd. mJ 1854 Mk; Mz;by; xU Mq;fpNyauhy; epWtg;gl;lJ. gpd;dH> mJ nfhy;fj;jhtpd; ,e;jpa caHFbapduhy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. nry;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j Neuk; khHr; njhlf;fk;; etk;gH tiu

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Ma;Tg; gazk;

mrhk;

nry;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j Neuk; Nk njhlf;fk; a+d; tiu

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

ASSAM

Map not to scale

mrhk; ehl;bd; ngupa Njapiy cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; gFjpahf cs;sJ. Njapiy ngUk;ghYk; gpuk;kGj;jpuh gs;sjhf;F gFjpapy; gapuplg;gLfpwJ. Njapiyg; gpupaHfs; Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fisj; jtw tplNt $lhJ. mJ khepyj;jpd; cs;slf;fkhf cs;sJ. ,q;F gy jq;fpr;nry;Yk; trjpfs; $l cs;sd. mq;F xUtH epjhdkhf Xa;ntLj;J Njapiy Njhl;lq;fspd; kj;jpapy; Gj;JapH ngw ,aYk;. xt;nthU tUlKk;> mrhk; Rw;Wyh rig mrhk; NjePH tpohit Vw;ghL nra;fpwJ. mq;F #lhd NjePH gUfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ NjePH MHtyHfs; mw;Gjkhd Njapiy Njhl;lq;fisg; ghHf;f KbAk; kw;Wk; cw;rhfkhd ejp gazpaH fg;gy;fis mDgtpf;f KbAk;. xUtH ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; ngupa fTfhj;jp Njapiy Vy ikaj;ijAk; ghHitapl KbAk;.

ePyfpup> jkpo;ehL Map not to scale

ePyfpup mjd; ePy - epwKila kiyfs; mj;Jld; mjd; jPtpu eWkzj; Njapiyahy; ngaHngw;Ws;sJ. mrhk; kw;Wk; lhH[pypq; Nghyy;yhky;> Kf;fpa tiffshf ,Uf;Fk; Cyhq; kw;Wk; fWg;Gj; NjePH cld; ePyfpup gFjpapy; Njapiy tUlk; KOtJk; tsHfpwJ. Fd;D}upy;> NjePH jahupf;Fk; topKiwia mwpa Njapiy v];Nuw;iwg; ghHitaplTk;. ,e;j v];Nuw;Wf;F xU ehs; xg;Gf;nfhLj;J> Njapiy cw;gj;jp nray;Kiwapy; ghlrhiyf;fy;tp ngw mwpTWj;jg;gLfpwJ. jq;Fkpltrjpf;F> xUtH ,e;jpa Njapiy thupaj;jpd;; Mjutpy; elj;jg;gLk; ehd;rr; upl;uPl;i] j; NjHTnra;ayhk;. ,J xU KO myq;fupf;fg;gl;l Njapiyj; Njhl;l gq;fsh> 1872 ,y; fl;lg;gl;lJ. fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 5>500 mb J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;s ,J gue;j Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs;> cUSk; kiyfs; kw;Wk; tpUe;jpdHfis tuNtw;f kpje;J nry;Yk; %Lgdpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

TAMIL NADU

Nilgiri

nry;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j Neuk; tUlk; KOtJk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Ma;Tg; gazk;

%zhW> Nfush gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; gRikahd Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fshy; Gs;spaplg;gl;Ls;s %zhw;wpy; EioAk; NghJ Njapiyapd; Gjpa thridapy; tha+WtPHfs;. gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Njapiy cw;gj;jpapd; tuyhw;wpd; ftHr;rpfukhd ghHitiaf; fhz NjePHg; gazk; ey;yjd;dp v];Nuw;wpy; ehl;bd; Kjy; Njapiy mUq;fhl;rpaf tp[aj;Jld; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;. nry;Yk; xUtH %zhw;wpy; KTDC Njapiy ehl;by; jq;f KbAk;. ,uz;L kiyfs; ,ilNa cs;s jOty;> ,J vutpf;Fsk; Njrpa g+q;fh> rpd;dhH tdtpyq;F ruzhyak; kw;Wk; ghk;glk; Nrhiy Njrpa g+q;fh kw;Wk; Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

ePyf;FwpQ;rp ruzhyaj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s Rw;Wr;#oy; Rw;Wyh eltbf;iffSf;fhd xU Kf;fpa ,yf;fhFk;. Fz;lyh Njapiyg; ngUe;Njhl;lk; vd;gJ %zhw;wpy; cs;s kw;nwhU fl;lhakhfr; nry;y Ntz;ba myfhFk;. xU Vupahy; #og;gl;L> KO NjePPH cUthf;Fk; nray;Kiwapd; rhl;rpf;F mJ xU ,jak; fdpe;j fzkhf ,Uf;Fk;. xUtH Njapiyr; ruzhyaj;jpy;> xU ngupa Njapiy Njhl;lj;jpd; kj;jpapy; myq;fupf;fg;gl;l gioa nfhydp gq;fshf;fspd; njhliuf; fhz KbAk;. taehl;by; NjapiyAld;

Map not to scale

Wayanad

KERALA

Munnar

neUf;fkhtPHfs;> Nfushtpd; gRikahd kiyg;gFjp xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT NjePiuAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ. ePq;fs; fy;ngl;lh kiyg;ghq;fhd vy;iyfis Nehf;fp efUk; NghJ Gjpa gr;irj; Njapiy ,iyfshy; Md xU nkd;ikahd fk;gsk; cq;fs; czHTfis Mw;WfpwJ. taehl;bYs;s Njapiy Rw;Wyhf;fspd; xU Rthu];akhd mk;rk;> ,q;Fs;s mWtil xU mjpfhiy tptfhuk; MFk;. vdNt ePq;fs; Njapiyfisg; gwpf;f tpbAk; Kd;dNu vOe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpupajH\pdp Njapiy Njhl;lj;jpy; jq;fp kw;Wk; ghHitaplyhk;. khepy murpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; ,e;j jsj;jpy; xU gioa gq;fsh cs;sJ. ,J Gduikf;fg;gl;L taehL Njapiy ehlhf ngauplgl;Ls;sJ. nry;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j Neuk; Xf];w; njhlf;fk; Nk tiu

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

kJghdp Xtpaj;jpy; cs;s epwq;fspd; ghpkhw;wk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

kJghdpapd;

khah[hyk;

gPfhhpy; cs;s kpjpyh gFjpapd; Xtpaq;fs; ,e;Jkj Guhzq;fspd; milahsq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if cUtq;fis rhh;ej ; pUf;fpwJ ciu | G+dk; Nfhay;

kdp\h [h mtSila ghl;biaAk; mk;khitAk; ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl kJghdp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s rj;yfh fpuhkj;jpy; tsh;e;J te;jhs;. mth;fs; jq;fSila md;whl Ntiyapd; xU gFjpahf kJghdp Xtpaq;fis rpukkpd;wp cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;. kJghdp kpjpyh fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; xU ,ay;ghd mq;fkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ – NkYk; ypfpah my;yJ “vOJjy;” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ – tPLfspy; my;yJ jpUkzq;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ij gpwg;G Nghd;w itNghtq;fspy; Guhzq;fis CfF;gLj;Jk; Xtpaq;fis cUthf;Fk; ngz;fspd; nkhopahf ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,J ngUk;ghYk; ,e;J Guhzq;fspd; milahsq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; cUtq;fis rhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ. xj;j Nfhz rpj;jhpg;Gfs;> rpf;fyhd Xtpa Ntiy kw;Wk; rpwe;j tz;z jpl;lq;fs; kJghdpapd; rpwg;G mk;rq;fshFk;. ,j;jifa xU J}z;Ljyhy; R+og;gl;ljhdy;> ,sk; tajpNyNa kJghdp Xtpaf;fiyahdJ kdp\htpw;F ,ay;ghfptpl;lJ. gpd;G mts; Gfo;ngw;w rpw;gp rhd;Nfh rTj;hp mth;fshy; fz;lwpag;gl;lhs;. mtSila Kjy; fz;fhl;rpia 1998y; GJ by;ypapy; elj;Jtjw;F mtis mth; Cf;fg;gLj;jpdhh;. Mdhy; xU ehl;Lg;Gw fiyQUf;F mg;NghJ vspjhd

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

kpfTk; ,lJ: kJghdp Xtpaj;ij fhl;Lk; xU ,e;jpa mQ;ry; jiy; fPNo: xU nerthsh; nkj;ij ciw xd;wpy; kJghdp Xtpaj;ij tiufpwhh;; vjph; gf;fk;: njspthd kJghdp fiy rpj;jpuk;

tz;zf; FwpaPL gPfhh; kJghdp Xtpaq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; J}hpiffs; xU %q;fpy; Fr;rpfspy; Rw;wg;gl;l gUj;jp Jzpapdhy; MdjhFk;. Xtpah;fs; tz;zq;fis jhq;fNs jahh;nra;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. fUg;G epwk; khl;Lr; rhzj;jpy; Giff;fhp Nrh;j;J nra;ag;gLfpwJ> mNjNeuj;jpy; rptg;G Frhk; G+Q;rhW my;yJ rptg;G re;jdf;fl;ilapypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ. Myku ,iyapd; ghYld; kQ;rs; (my;yJ kfue;jk; my;yJ vYkpr;ir) Nrh;j;J kQ;rs;epwk; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ> ePyepwk; fUePyj;jpypUe;Jk;> gr;irepwk; Mg;gps; ku ,iyfspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gLfpwJ> nts;isepwk; mhprp khtpypUe;Jk; kw;Wk; MuQ;R ghyh\; kyhpypUe;Jk; fpilf;fpwJ. ,e;j Xtpaq;fspy; ve;j epow;gl tz;zq;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. Nehpay; ikjpyp Xtpaq;fspy;> tz;zq;fis cgNahfpg;gjpy;iy. tiuNfhLfs; kl;LNk tiuag;gLfpwJ. ,t;Xtpaq;fspy;> tiuNfhl;by; xU ,ul;il thp kl;LNk tiuag;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; ,ilntspahdJ FWf;F my;yJ Neuhd rpwpa NfhLfshy; epug;gg;gLfpwJ

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

fhykhf ,y;iy. “jdpahh; fhl;rpafq;fs; ntw;wp fz;Ls;shh;. mtUila fiyapd; ehl;Lg;Gw kw;Wk; goq;Fbapdhpd; fiyfis Kf;fpa fUj;J vd;dntd;why; Jh;fh kw;Wk; Cf;fg;gLj;j jaq;fpaJ. ehd; Muk;gj;jpy; fhspapd; rpj;jhpg;Gfs; Kjy; Jg;Guthsh; NghuhbNdd;>” vd mts; $wpdhs;. Mdhy; ngz;kzp kw;Wk; fpuhkj;J Foe;ijfs; mLj;j gj;J Mz;Lfspy; midj;JNk gs;spf;$lk; nry;tJ tiu midj;JNk nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf khwpaJ. 2009k; Mz;by; ghuk;ghpakhfTk; mNjNeuj;jpy; ehfhPfkhfTk; tpad;dhtpy; cs;s v]y; mUq;fhl;rpaj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F> xUNghf;F fhl;rpg;gLj;j miof;fg;gl;lhs;. kw;Wk; tz;zf;Nfhy;fs; kJghdp Xtpaj;jpy; “kJghdp ,g;NghJ rkfhyj;jpa mhpjhfNt gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fiyahf cyfnkq;fpYk; “nky;ypa NfhLfspy; Ntiy mwpag;gLfpwJ” vd;W mts; nra;tJ vg;nghOJNk vdf;F kJghdp kpjpyh nrhd;dhs;. fle;j Ie;J xU czh;Tg;G+h;tkhd tp\ fyhr;rhuk; Mz;Lfspy;> kJghdpapd; akhf ,Uf;fpwJ. kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; rkfhyj;jpa EZf;fq;fis Jy;ypakhd cyfj;jpw;F fw;gpg;gjw;fhf> tptuq;fs; cs;s ,ay;ghd fz;fhl;rpfspd; KbT jtpu> NfhLfspy; mq;fkhf fpl;lj;jl;l 50 fUj;juq;Ffis Ntiynra;tJ ,Uf;fpwJ mts; elj;jpapUf;fpwhs;. gy kw;Wk; ,e;j Mz;Lfshf> kJghdp Gjpa Xtpaq;fspy; cs;s ntspg;ghLfis gpd;gw;wpapUf;fpwJ fjhghj;jpuq;fSf;F kw;Wk; mjDila vy;iyia tphpTgLj;jpAs;sJ. Kfghtid nfhLf;f Kaw;rpg;gJ kJghdp Xtpah;fs; Mz;> ngz; nja;tq;fspd; NkYk; ,e;j ghuk;ghpa Xtpaj;ij fijfis rpj;jhpj;jhh;fs;> ,g;NghJ rkfhyj;jpa xU jl;ilahd tbtj;jpypUe;J gpur;ridfisAk; rpj;jhp;ff ; pwhh;fs. xU Kg;ghpkhz Njhw;wj;jpw;F ePy;fhe;j; rTj;hp kw;WnkhU gpugykhd khw;WtJ xU rpwe;j gazkhf kJghdp fiyQh;> ,th; jd;Dila GJikahd ,Uf;fpwJ>” vd mth; milahsq;fs; kw;Wk; cUtq;fs; %ykhf njhptpj;jhh;.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Channel INDIAN DIPLOMACY

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

rkaw;fiy

GJ Muk;gj;ij

nfhz;;lhLjy;;

Fb ghl;th epyT fhyz;lhpy; GJ tUlj;ij Fwpf;fpwJ. mWtil jpUtpoh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa kjpg;Gfs;> etPd rpe;jidfs; kw;Wk; RitkpF cztpd; xU fyitahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ciu | kJypfh jh];

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

ghRe;jp

ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa jpUtpohf;fs; NghyNt> kuhl;ba GJ tUlk; Fb ghl;thTk; Guhzq;;fspy; tUfpwJ. me;j ehshdJ tpijg;G gUtk; njhlq;Fk; epyT fhyz;lhpd; Muk;gj;ij Fwpg;gpLk; tz;zkhf kl;Lky;yhky; G+kpad; gilg;igAk; nfhz;lhLfpwJ vd ehl;Lg;Gtpay; njhptpf;fpwJ. gpuk;k Njtd; - ,e;j ehspNy – cyfj;ij gilj;jhh; - mjid [Pt uhrpfshy; epug;gpdhh; vd;W nry;yg;gLfpwJ.

xU fk;gpy; fl;lg;gl;l xU ntz;fy ghid> Nriy kw;Wk; Njq;fha; ,tw;wpd; xl;Lnkhj;j fhhpakhd - Fb vd;gJ flTSila nfhbapd; milahskhf ,Uf;fpwJ NkYk; me;j ehspy; rpiyia topgLfpwhh;fs;. mJ ed;ikapd; J} jd; vd fUjg;gLfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd; ,e;j ehspNy xt;nthU tPl;bYk; tz;zkakhd Fb Vw;wg;gl;bUg;gij ePq;fs; fhz;fpwPh;fs;. kuhl;ba jpUtpohf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;

mhprp rhf;yp

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

rkaw;fiy

Fb ghl;thtpw;F mjDila rpwg;gplj;ij xU Fwpg;gpl;l czit nfhz;bUf;fhky; xU Guhzq;fs; toq;ftpy;iy Mdhy; mjDila jl;L jpz;gz;lq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij Njhd;wy; mij mspf;fpwJ. gpw mWtil ngUk;ghYk; tpthpf;fpwJ. ,e;ehs; Ntg;g kuj;jpd; jpUtpohf;fs; Nghy ,y;yhky; - Afhb (Me;jpu frg;G ,dpg;G ,iyia rhg;gpLtjd; %yk; gpuNjrk;)> A+fhb (fh;ehlfh)> Ngha;yh gha;rhf; njhlq;FtJ tof;fkhapUf;fpwJ. ,J rpwpa (Nkw;F tq;fk;)> gpF (mrhk;) kw;Wk; ,U cUz;ilahf nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,itfs; r%f jpUtpohf;fs;> rk;rhh; gl;Nth (Nfhad; m[;tha;d; (Nfuk; tpijfs;)> Fh; (nty;yk;) ,e;Jf;fs;) kw;Wk; nrl;b re;j; kw;Wk; ,k;yp (Gsp) Nghd;wtw;wpd; (rpe;Jf;fs;) – Fb ghl;thit ,sk; ,iyfs; fye;J miuj;j ,e;ehs; Ntg;g rj;jugjp rpth[p njhlq;fp girapdhy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. itj;jhh;. ,e;j cUz;ilfs; ,uj;jj;ij kuj;jpd; frg;G jPghtsp NghyNt> Rj;jpfhpf;fpwJ kw;Wk; ,dpg;G ,iyfis nfhz;lhl;lj;jpw;F tUk;NghJ clYf;F Neha;vjpg;G rf;jpia rhg;gpLtjd; %yk; ,d;Dk; mNj “gioa cyf tYg;gLj;JfpwJ vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. njhlq;FtJ kfpo;r;rpia” nfhz;bUf;Fk; by;-Fh; yl;Lfs; (vs; kw;Wk; rj;juhtpy; rpth[p mg;ry; fhid nty;yj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l tof;fkhapUf;fpwJ Njhw;fbj;j NghJ ntw;wpia xU yl;Lfs;) kw;Wk; %q; lhy; by; Kd;Ndw;ghlw;w nfhz;lhl;lkhf thb (vs; kzKs;s mtiu ,j;jpUehs; njhlq;fpaJ. jsph;fs;) toq;FtJ kw;nwhU ,j;jpUehs; ey;y rpe;jidfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; Rthu];akhd rlq;fhFk;. vs;spd; ed;ikAk; gof;ftof;fq;fSf;Fk; NkYk; cztpw;F kw;Wk; nty;yj;jpd; ,dpikAk; kf;fis rhl;rpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. Fb ghl;th Vd; xUNghJk; vd;nwd;iwf;Fk; xUtUld; xUth; md;ghf

rd;dh lhy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

rphpfe;j

,Uf;f cjTk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. “Fb rh;f;fiuahy; ,dpg;G+l;lg;gl;l ntJntJg;ghd ghl;thtpd; NghJ toq;fg;gLk>; Nka;g;gh;fSk; ghy; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mJNghyNt rphpfe;Jk; tptrhapfSk; jahhpj;j gpurhjkhd toq;fg;gl;lJ. nghJthfNt rpwpJ Vyf;fha; jpUtpoh czT k`uh\;buhtpd; ghuk;ghpa nghbAld; ,dpg;G+l;lg;gl;l ahfh;l;> ed;whf gof;ftof;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ>” vd rikay; nghhpf;fg;gl;l G+hpfSld; rphpfe;jpd; ,dpg;GfiyQh; jPgf; lhq;Nl njhptpj;jhh;. mjdhy; Gspg;G RitAld; ey;y nghUj;jkhf ,Ue;jJ. gpw czTfSf;F kj;jpapy; NguuR tphptile;j Gfo;kpf;f Guhd; Nghyp> jypgPj;> NghJ> xU vspa fpuhkk; thq;fp ghj;> ghlh rl;bdp> cyh; goq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw tbtk; RE}j; ghyf; kw;Wk rd;dh RitfSld; $ba xU mofhd khRgLtjpypUe;J Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ePq;fs; Njhw;wKila czTfis ghh;f;fyhk;. tpUe;jspf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; jLg;gjw;F> kuj;J} “,d;Dk; ,uz;L czTfs; kw;wth;fs; Guhd; Nghypia shdJ <ukhd - ghRe;jp kw;Wk; Ghp-rphpfe;j; nra;fpwhh;f ; s;. nty;yj;jpy; lhG kPJ J} Muk;gj;jpypUe;J nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd; rikf;fg;gl;l gUg;Gfis tg;gLfpwJ xU gFjpahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ>” xU jl;ilahd nuhl;bf;Fs; vd rikay; fiyQh; lhq;Nl jhuhskhf epug;gp Nghyp vd;W NkYk; njhptpj;jhh;. miof;fg;gLk; ,J #lhfTk; Rtuh];akhf> ,d;W jbj;j> Vwf;Fiwa MwpagpwFk; urpj;J cz;zg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,dpg;G Nghd;w tpUe;jhf fpilf;Fk; ghRe;jp tpohf;fhy $l;lhdJ tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; ntw;wpg; gilf;F toq;fg;gltpy;iy. Nghh;tuP h;fsplkpUe;J cUthdjhFk;. rpth[p mg;NghJ> Fy;fz;l;fspy; (kz; ghidfspy;) nfhhpy;yh Aj;j je;jpuq;fis gad;gLj;jp rpwpjsT Fq;Fkj;Jld; nty;yk; kw;Wk; Gjpa epyq;fis mtUila NguuRf;fhf

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

rkaw;fiy

jfty; Nfhg;G Afhb nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; NghyNt> Fb ghl;thTk; mjDila Afhb gr;b tifapy; ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpwJ. ,J ghuk;ghpakhf ,e;ehspNy jahhpf;fg;gl;L rhg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,J tho;tpd; Jf;fk;> Nrhfk; kw;Wk; Mr;rhpaj;jpy; re;Njh\k;> Nfhgk;> gak; kw;Wk; ntWg;G Nghd;w gyjug;gl;l MW Ritfspd; milahskhf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j rl;bdpahdJ Ntg;g nkl;Lf;fs;> nty;yk;> gr;ir khq;fh> GspaQ; rhW ,tw;Wld; kpsfha;> kpsF kw;Wk; cg;G Nrh;j;J nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gpw jpz;gz;lq;fSld;> Fb ghl;th ghuk;ghpa czTld; njhlh;Gila FNshg; [h%d;> ghyf; mk;ghl;> mhprp rhf;yp> Ngy; G+hp> fr;Nrhhp> jhdpa rd;dh cry;> rdh]; (nkJ ,l;yp Nghd;wJ)> rhy; fb> gd;dh KjypaitAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.

Fyhg; [hKd;

ghfh;thb

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

Guhd; Nghyp

ifg;gw;w nry;Yk; NghJ mtUila gilf;F ghfh;thb. tof;fkhf> k`uh\;buhtpy; mth; Njh;en ; jLf;Fk; rpy czTfspy; ghfh;thb vd;gJ gaph; kw;Wk; krhyh fyit gpj;jhNyAld; Guhd; NghypAk; ,Ue;jJ vd jpzpf;fg;gl;l rpwpa Roy; rf;fukhFk;. Fb cs;Sh; fijfs; nrhy;fpd;wd. ,uz;L ghl;thtpd; NghJ mJ Gjpa fha;fwpfspdhy; czTfspd; %yg;nghUl;fSk; tptrhapfspd; nra;ag;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; FWfpa MAisNa rikayiwapy; vspjhf fpilg;gitahFk;. nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mJNghyj;jhd; NkYk;> ,it ePzl ; fhyj;jpw;F ePbf;Fk; Nfrhhp ghj;Jk;. rpe;Jf;fs; nrl;b rhe;j; kw;Wk; mNj Rit epiyj;J epw;Fk;. jpUtpohtpd; xU gFjpahf gilf;Fk; ,uz;LNk Cl;lr;rj;J Njhpapd; (ngUQ;rPufk;> kpf;fjhfTk; kw;Wk; cfe;j Nghh; cyh; Njq;fha; kw;Wk; czthfTk; kw;Wk; nfhz;lhl;l mhprpapy; nra;ag;gl;lJ) Fb ghl;th tpUe;jhfTk; ,Ue;jd. xU tz;zkahd tifahd xUNghJk; xU jhdpaq;fshdhYk;> Nfrhp ghj; mhprp> Fwpg;gpl;l czit czTg;gaph;fshdhYk;> Fq;Fkk;> nea;> nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy krhyhf;fshdhYk; rh;f;fiu kw;Wk; my;yJ goq;fshdhYk;> cyh; goq;fshy; Mdhy; xU jl;L Fb ghl;th ghuk;ghpa nra;ag;gl;l xU jpz;gz;lq;fis czthdJ mWtilnra;j tskhd ,dpg;G nfhz;bUf;fpwJ %yg;nghUl;fshy; tifahFk;. nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpUtpoh fhh;thRk; ,dpg;G khq;fha;fspd; tUifia $l xU Fb mwptpf;fpwJ mjdhy;jhd; ,e;j Neuj;jpy; ghl;th gz;lkhFk;. rPk;ghy; khepyk; KOtjpYk; gy;NtW tifahd my;yJ rPf; kw;Wk; rhjhuz khq;fha; czTis ePq;fs; fhz;fpwPh;fs;. ghy;> Fq;Fkk;> rh;f;fiu> xU rpy jpz;gz;lq;fSk; $l Fb Vyf;fha; nghbahy; nra;ag;gl;l ghl;thtpd; NghJ tpNrlkhf jahh; ,e;j Ritkpf;f ,dpg;ghdJ “GJ nra;ag;gLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F fha;fwp Muk;gj;ij” Fwpf;fpwJ.

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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Channel MEA INDIA

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

rkaw;fiy

rpwe;jijr;

RitAq;fs;

thapy; vr;rpy; CWk; rpwe;j czTfSld; cq;fs; Rit mUk;Gfisf; F\pg;gLj;Jq;fs;

Njitahd nghUl;fs; 1 eLj;ju msthd NfhypgpstH. f[_ tpOJ nra;a: 5 cyHe;J tWj;j f[_f;fs;@ 1 Njf;fuz;b cyHe;J tWj;j rpNuhyp tpijfs; (rpNuhQ;rp)@ 1 Njf;fuz;b cyHe;j tWj;j fr frh tpijfs; (fh]; fh];)> 5 gr;ir kpsfha;> kw;Wk; 3 fg; nkhW nkhWntd nghupj;j ntq;fhak; ,iwr;rpia Cwitf;f 1 Njf;fuz;b Jz;lhf;fg;gl;l nfhj;jky;yp ,iyfs;@ 1 Njf;fuz;b eWf;fg;gl;l Gjpdh ,iyfs;@ 1 Njf;fuz;b g+z;L tpOJ@ 1 Njf;fuz;b ,Q;rp tpOJ@ 1 ½ Njf;fuz;b cg;G> 1 ½ Njf;fuz;b kQ;rs; J}s;> 1 Njf;fuz;b rptg;G kpsfha; J}s;> 1 fg; japH> 1 Njf;fuz;b vYkpr;ir rhW> ¼ Njf;fuz;b Fq;Fkg;g+> ghypy; Cwitf;fTk; nra;Kiw Nfhypgpstiu rpW g+f;fshf ntl;bf; nfhs;sTk;. f[_ tpOjpw;fhf Njitahd nghUl;fis muit ,ae;jpuj;jpw;Fs; Nghl;L nkd;ikahFk; tiu miuf;fTk;. xU fpz;zj;jpy; ,iwr;rpia Cw itg;gjw;fhd midj;J nghUl;fisAk; NghlTk;. NfhypgpstUld; fye;J ,iwr;rpAld; ed;whf g+rTk;. f[{ tpOJ kw;Wk; Fq;Fkg;g+Tld; NrUk; tiu 20 epkplq;fs; CwtplTk;. xU Ngf;fpq; ghj;jpuj;jpw;F khw;wTk;.180 ghif C ,y; 35 epkplq;fSf;F xU Kd; #lhf;fg;gl;l mLg;gpy; Ngf; nra;aTk;@ Nrh]; Kw;wpYk; cwpQ;rg;gl;L kw;Wk; Nfhypgpstiur; Rw;wp xU jbj;j> cyHe;j g+r;R MFk; tiu Fiwe;j ntg;gj;jpy; xU flhapy; rikf;fTk;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

fh\;kPup Nfhg;jh Fok;G jahupg;G Neuk;: 50 epkplq;fs; rikf;Fk; Neuk;: 50 epkplq;fs; gupkhWjy;: 4 NgH Njitahd nghUl;fs; Nfhg;jhtpw;F ½ fpNyh ed;F Jz;lhf ntl;lg;gl;l Ml;L ,iwr;rp> 1 Njf;fuz;b nly;yp tpij J} s; (nrsd;g;)> ½ Njf;fuz;b cyHe;j NtHf;nfhk;Gj; J}s; (nrse;j;)> 1 Njf;fuz;b fh\;kPup kpsfhaj;; J}s;> ½ Njf;fuz;b fuk; krhyh J}s;> ½ Njf;fuz;b J} shf;fg;gl;l fUg;G Vyf;fha; tpij (ngupa Vyf;fha;) > ½ - 1 fg; mbf;fg;gl;l japH> Urpf;Nfw;g cg;G Fok;gpw;F 3 Njf;fuz;b fLF vz;nza; my;yJ nea;> ¼ Njf;fuz;b ngUq;fhaj; J}s; (`pq;)> 5-6 fpuhk;G> 1 Njf;fuz;b fh\;kPup rpfg;G kpsfha; J}s;> ½ nly;yp tpij J} s; (rhd;g;)> 2½ Njf;fuz;b ky;yp J}s;> ½ fg; japH> mbf;fgl;lJ@ 1 fg; jz;zPH> 2 Njf;fuz;b ghjhk;> moFgLj;j> moFgLj;j mbf;fg;gl;l fpuPk; my;yJ japH nra;Kiw Nfhg;jhtpw;F xU fpz;zj;jpy; midj;J nghUl;fisAk; Nghl;L> ed;F gpire;J> xU <u Jzpahy; %b 30 epkplq;fs; itf;fTk;. fyitiag; gpupj;J rpwpa cUz;ilfshf my;yJ Nfhg;jhf;fshf tbtikf;fTk;@ 10 epkplq;fSf;F xU Kd; #lhf;fg;gl;l mLg;gpy; Nfhg;jhf;fis Ngf; nra;aTk;. xU gpu\H Ff;fupy; vz;nza; my;yJ nea; Cw;wTk;. ngUq;fhak;> fpuhk;G kw;Wk; kpsfha; J}s; NrHf;fTk;. Nfhg;jhf;fis NrHj;J 2 epkplq;fs; fyf;fTk;. nly;yp tpijfs;> ,Q;rp> nfhj;jky;yp J}s;> japH kw;Wk; ePiuj; njspf;fTk;. %b mOj;jj;jpw;F nfhz;L tuTk;. RkhH 10 epkplq;fs; rikj;J kw;Wk; mLg;gpy; ,Ue;J Ff;fiu vLf;fTk;. FspHtpf;f tplTk;. %bia ePf;fp Fok;G jbf;Fk;; tiu Fiwe;j ntg;gj;jpy; rikf;fTk;. gupkhWk; ghj;jpuj;jpw;F khw;wp ghjhk; kw;Wk; fpuPk; my;yJ japH Rod;W. #lhf gupkhwTk;. cgak;: mw;Gjkhd Ritfs;: gpud;r;> caH NjePH> fhf;nlapy;> GJ nly;ypapYs;s ntsptptfhu (mikr;R) JiztHfs; rq;fj;jpd; %yk; rikay; Gj;jfq;fspd; njhlupd; xU gFjpahf ntspaplg;gl;lJ

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ciuahly;

xt;nthUehSk; ngz;zhdts;

vd;id Cf;fg;gLj;Jfpwhs; ebif jPgpfh gLNfhd; jd;Dila Ntiyapy; Mh;tkhapUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W jdf;F fw;Wf;nfhLj;j ngz;fSf;F jdJ ntw;wpia mh;gg ; zpf;fpwhh ciu | Muj;jp fG+h; rpq;

ebif jPgpfh gLNfhDf;F 2015k; tUlk; ,d;W rpdpkh njhopw;rhiyapy; kpfTk; xU epfo;r;rpkakhd tUlkhFk;. gpf;Ftpy;> mjpfkhf Njlg;gLk; ebifahd jPgpfh mts; mkpjhg; gr;rd; kw;Wk; ,h;/ 2015k; tUlj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa midj;J ghd; fhDf;F N[hbahf jd;Dila tpUJfisAk; jl;br; nrd;Ws;shh;. mth; tplaj;jpy; cWjpahf epd;whs; vd;W mij jdJ rpwe;j tUlj;ij njhopy;hPjpahf kpifg;gLj;jp nrhy;y ,ayhJ> jkh\h ngz;fSf;F mh;g;gzpf;fpwhh; “xt;nthU kw;Wk; gh[puht; k];jhdpapy; ehSk; ehd; rpwg;ghf mts; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhs;. nray;gLtjw;F ngz;fs; “fbd ciog;Gjhd; rhtp Cf;fg;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs; fbd ciog;Gjhd; Mdhy; Mh;tkhapUg;gJk; Vndd;why; ehk; Kw;wpYk; rhtp Mdhy; kw;Wk; ePq;fs; vjpy; Mh;tkha; KOikahdth;fs;. jpdrhp Mh;tkhapUg;gJk; ,Uf;fpwPh;fNsh mij mbg;gilapy; xU ngz;kzp kw;Wk; ePqf ; s; nra;tJk; Kf;fpakhFk;. kpf mjpfkhdij nra;fpwhs; vjpy; Mh;tkha; kpf Kf;fpakhf> cq;fs; kw;Wk; me;j Fzk;jhd; gazj;ij ePq;fNs vd;id Cf;fg;Lj;JfpwJ>” ,Uf;fpwPhf ; Nsh mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; vd mts; njhptpf;fpwhs;. mij nra;tJk; vd;Dila kpfg;nghpa fw;wy; Kf;fpakhFk; jpUg;gkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ehd; mjph;~l Njhw;wk; nra;j midj;J NtiyapYk; mjph;\;l uhzp jPgpfh Xk; kw;Wk; ehd; gzpahw;wpa rhe;jp Xk; jpiug;glj;jpy; midj;J mw;Gjkhdth;fSlDk; \hUf;fhDf;F N[hbahf mwpKfkhd Ntbf;ifAk; tpisahl;LkhfTNk gpwF Vwf;Fiwa [pfpdh efhpd; ,Ug;Ngd;>” vd 30 tajhd vd;Wk; midj;J Kd;ddp kdpjh;fSlDk; Gd;difAld; fhzg;gLk; ebif gzpahw;wpapUf;fpwhh;. jPgpfh njhlh;e;J 8 njhptpf;fpwhh;. ntw;wpfis nfhLj;J xU jdpr;rpwg;Gkpf;f

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ciuahly;

jPgpfh ghypTl;bd; gy;NtW fjhghj;jpuq;fspy; jd;id ep&gpf;fpwhh;

<L,izaw;w ntw;wpia ghypTl;by; ngWtjw;F ek;GfpNwd;. xt;nthU ngz;kzpAk; Njhopahf> Kd; Njrpa mstpy; G+g;ge;jhl;l tPuuhf ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpukhf> tsh;g;ghsuhf ,Ue;jhh; vd tpkh;rfh;fs; vOjpdhh;fs;. ,e;j ,Uf;Fk; Fzq;fis ngw;wpUf;fpwhs;. jpiuapy; tUlq;fspy;> Nfhgd;N`fdpy; gpwe;j jPgpfh ,e;j fjh ghj;jpuj;ij rpj;jhpj;jjpy; ehd; jd;Dila ebg;Gj; jpwikia fhf;nla;y;> ah ngUikg;gLfpNwd;>” vd;W jPgpfh njhptpj;jhh;. [thdp `ha; jpthdp> nrd;id vf;];gpu];> NfhypNahd; fp uh];yPyh uhk; yPyh> gpf;F kw;Wk; cz;ikahd Kd;khjphp gh[puht; k];jhdp Nghd;w ntw;wpfs; %ykhf rpdpkh cyfpy; gpufhrpf;Fk; xU mofhd ep&gpj;Js;shh;. Kfj;ij nfhz;bUg;gijNah my;yJ rkPgj;jpy;> k];jhdp Fwpj;j Mapuf;fzf;fhd jahhpg;Gfis jPgpfhtpd; rpj;jhpg;G rpdkhtpw;F ntspapLk; xUtuhfNth ,Uf;f k];jhdp Fwpj;j nry;gth;fspd; ,ireuk;Gfis jPgpfh tpUk;gtpy;iy. mth; jPgpfhtpd; njhl;bUf;fpwJ. “k];jhdp ,d;Dk; njhz;L nra;tjpYk; ek;gpf;if rpj;jhpg;G czh;Tg;G+h;tkhf cilatuha; ,Uf;fpwhh;. k`uh\;buh rpdkhtpw;F mjpfkhf khepyj;jpy; cs;s mg;Ngfhd; jpl;lkplg;gl;L fpuhkj;ij jj;njLj;jpUf;fpwhh;. nry; g th; f spd; Like ntspte; j pUf; f pwJ. G+g;ge;jhl;l fhtpakhd mtSila MEA INDIA ,ireuk;Gfis mts; ve;j rthiyAk; je;ij gpufh\; gLNfhd; njhl;bUf;fpwJ vLf;f jahuhf kw;Wk; gpugykhd Nkilf; ,Ue;jhs;. mts; xU Nfhw;ge;jhl;lf;fhuh; fPj; Nrj;jp Nghh; tP u hq; f idahf epWtpa tpisahl;L mikg;gpd; Follow kl; L k; ,y; y hky; xU xU jpl; l khd xypk;gpf; jq;f Njlypy; @MEAINDIA mk;khthfTk; xU fhjypahfTk; (Olympic Gold Quest) <Lgl;Ls;shh;. ,Ue;jhs;. xt;nthU czh;tpYk; “ehd; tpUk;Gtij ehd; nra;fpNwd;. ehd; mts; KOikahdtshf fhhpaq;fis nra;fpNwd; Vndd;why; mJ vd;id ,Ue; j hs; . ,d; i wa fhyfl; l j; j py; > re;Njh\g;gLj;JfpwJ. Kw;w midj;ijAk; tpl Channel xt; n thU ngz; k zpaplKk; xU tho;fi ; fj; juk; vdf;F kpf Kf;fpakhFk;>” vd MEA INDIA k];jhdp ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W ehd; mts; njhptpj;jhs;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

khHr;-Vg;uy; 2016

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