EXPERIENCES FROM JAL KRANTI ABHIYAN
PRESENTED BY R. K. SINHA, CE, B&BBO, CWC , SHILLONG
OBJECTIVES
Strengthening grass root involvement of all stakeholders in water security and development schemes (PIM)
To utilize sector level expertise from different levels in Govt., NGOs, Citizens etc.
Encouraging adoption/ utilization of traditional knowledge in water resources conservation and its management
Enhancing livelihood security through water security in rural areas
ACTIVITIES PROPOSED
JAL GRAM YOJANA
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL COMMAND AREA
POLLUTION ABATEMENT
MASS AWARENESS PROGRAMME
OTHER ACTIVITIES
JAL GRAM YOJANA Selection of two most acute water shortage villages from each district of States as “Jal Gram”
Preparation of a comprehensive integrated Water Security Plan of each Jal Gram
Preparation of Schemes by line departments as identified in the water security plan.
Implementation of works by concerned line department on priority basis. Monitoring of works on weekly basis by BLC, monthly basis by DLC and quarterly basis by SLC
Creation of Jal Mitra/ Neer Nari – a cadre of local professionals by imparting suitable training to create mass awareness about issues related to water and tackling water supply related routine issues
Preparation of Sujalam Card for each Jal Gram to provide yearly status/ information on quality of drinking water available for village
WATER SECURITY PLAN While preparing Water Security Plan for selected Jal Grams of Meghalaya an average water deficit of 564.9 th.cum in irrigation sector and 19.0 th.cum in domestic sector was observed.
Though water is abundant during monsoon there is scarcity of water during lean period and there is no alternative source in and around periphery of most of the Jal Grams
In order to make up deficit of water, several solutions like construction of rainwater harvesting structures, roof top rain water harvesting, check dams, rejuvenation of springs, treatment of catchment area, ground water recharge and capacity building programmes etc. were proposed Identified activities in Jal Gram are proposed to be funded under existing schemes of State Plan and central schemes like , AIBP, CAD& WM, IWMP, MNREGA, NRDWP etc.
MODEL COMMAND AREA A model command area of about 1000 ha has to be identified
States selected to represent different parts of country are U.P., Haryana (North), Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu (South), Rajasthan, Gujarat (West), Odisha (East) and Meghalaya (North East)
Model Command Area shall be selected from an existing/ on-going irrigation project in state where funds for development are available from various schemes
Selection of Model Command Area shall be done by Ministry of Water Resources, RD &GR in consultation with State Govts. – CE (PMO) and Regional CWC offices
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL COMMAND AREA ACTIVITIES
Water Conservation Installation of solar power panels on canal banks Community based water use monitoring (promoting volumetric measurement) and Warabandi
Use of primary treated water for irrigation Promoting micro-irrigation & pipe irrigation where useful Watershed management and consumptive use of ground water Artificial recharge of ground water Encouraging PIM and collection of water charges by WUA Any other activity with permission of MoWR, RD& GR
Meghalaya representing NER has selected a model command area of 920 ha from Chidrang and Darampara MI Projects in North Garo Hills District and prepared a proposal to carry out identified activities for model command area. Proposal is being proposed to be funded under CAD& WM programme of MoWR, RD& GR
PULLUTION ABATEMENT CGWB WORKS
Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge
126 training programmes on Over Exploited blocks of India by B/DLC
Ground water pollution abatement
224 training programmes in F & As affected areas (138 for F & 86 for As)
Dedicated programme for construction of arsenic free wells and capacity building of officers of State water supply agencies, WUA & farmers
Construction of deep tube wells in 7 blocks distributed in 5 districts of 4 affected states (UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and WB) and capacity building programme in UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, WB and Assam for 2 days duration
Recharge along Ganga Flood plain for river rejuvenation
Pilot project on artificial recharge structures to augment the ground water resource in parts of Kanpur and Unnao Districts.
MASS AWARENESS PROGRAMME Activity for 2015-16
Target
Achievement
Training Programme
2
2
Workshop
3
3
One training programme each for States of Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh One workshop each for States of Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Interests and expectations from Jal Kranti Abhiyan by villagers from Jal Grams in Meghalaya were seen in workshop organized in Meghalaya where they have arrived from far and remote areas and attended workshop and also given their opinions/ queries in concluding session.
OTHER ACTIVITIES To encourage adoption of State Water Policy in line with National Water Policy, 2012 and also to encourage to set up/ strengthen State Water Resources Council and State Water Regulatory Authority
Evaluation studies for impact assessment
Unique Identification Number for every water body from data available on WRIS (use of space technology for mapping of water)
Real time river flow monitoring showing live picture of flowing water to be developed by CWC
Any other activity related to impact study, innovative technology for saving water by S/DLC
WATER CONSERVATION IN MEGHALAYA
SOURCES OF WATER IN MEGHALAYA Rain Water – Average annual rainfall 2818 mm Surface Water – Annual availability of surface water 63.04 BCM Ground Water – Estimated Annual replenishment of ground water 1.15 BCM. Ground Water stage (development) is 0.15% ; however, Ground Water Stress is building up in urban areas due to rate at which extraction is taking place.
WHY DO WE NEED WATER CONSERVATION? • Though Meghalaya receives heavy rainfall during monsoon period, state faces acute water shortage during lean season and considering limitations of surface and ground water, we need to conserve water for domestic and irrigation purposes.
ANCIENT TECHNIQUES OF WATER CONSERVATION Katta/Traditional Check Dams: A temporary structure made by binding mud and loose stones available locally built across small streams and rivers.
Sand bores: A technique to provide a safe alternative for farm irrigation without affecting groundwater. This technique uses concept of extracting water retained by sand particles.
Johads: Water soak pits called as Madakas in Karnataka, Pemghara in Odisha and Johads in Rajasthan, are one of oldest systems used to conserve and recharge ground water. Constructed on an area with naturally high elevation on three sides, soil is excavated to create a storage area and used to create a wall on fourth side to hold water.
Bawdi/ Jhalara: A step-well with grand structures of high archaeological significance constructed since ancient times, mainly in honor of kings and queens. They are typically square shaped step-wells with beautiful arches, motifs and sometimes rooms on sides.
Bamboo Drip Irrigation: Innovated by tribes of north eastern states, this technique economically uses water during dry seasons. It is practiced in hilly areas where construction of ground channels is not possible due to sloppy and stony terrain
PICTURES OF BAMBOO DRIP IRRIGATION
MODERN TECHNIQUES OF WATER CONSERVATION Roof top rain water harvesting: A simple model where roof acting as a catchment for rainfall, which after flowing through a series of filters and pipes is stored in ground-level containers for direct use or recharged into ground water
Ferro cement tanks: A low cost alternative for expensive water harvesting containers made of masonry, plastic and RCC. It has proved highly effective in high rainfall regions where large amount of water need to stored in clean form.
Cycle run water pumps A saver of time and cost of electricity and fuel, this technology utilizes human power generated by pedaling a bicycle to lift water from streams, ponds, canals and wells
MODERN TECHNIQUES OF WATER CONSERVATION Jalkunds- Type I: Type I Jalkund is storing water by construction of an impounding structure where Rainwater can be tapped and harvested along with a perennial source.
Jalkunds – Type II:
Type II Jalkund is storing water by excavation of earth in the form of a dug pond and lining with an impervious material such as silapaulin. Multipurpose Reservoirs:
MRs are barriers constructed for impounding water for multipurpose use.
JALKUNDS IN NER AND ITS BENEFITS Sl. No. 1
2
State
District
Meghalaya East Khasi Hills
Manipur
3
Tripura
4
Nagaland NER Region
No. of Crops/ Net return Jalkunds activities from/ constructed under taken Jalkund (Rs) 21
Tomato
3404
West Khasi Hills
15
Strawberry
6650
Ri Bhoi
30
Piggery
3500
Jantia Hills
10
Duckery
3450
West Garo Hills
5
Fishery
3520
Churachandpur
3
Capsicum
3350
Imphal West
4
Cabbage
3300
Chandel
3
Cauliflower
3400
West Tripura
10
Cabbage
3500
Dimapur
5
Maize
3495
Wokha
5
Maize
3200
111
WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES IN MEGHALAYA • Construction of Multipurpose Reservoirs and their possible locations/sites
Across perennial streams
At the foothills
WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES IN MEGHALAYA • Construction of Jalkunds and their possible locations/ sites
Jhum cultivation Area
Water Stressed Area
PICTURES OF JALKUNDS
THANK YOU