PRESENTATION GIVEN BY
SUSHIL GUPTA CHAIRMAN CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD NEW DELHI 10.4.13
WATER ALLOCATION
Share of domestic water use MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
WATER ALLOCATION
Share of industrial water use MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
WATER ALLOCATION
Share of agricultural water use MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
WATER DEMAND AS PER USE
Agriculture will remain the largest water user
WATER DEMAND AS PER CONTINENTS Asia – the most stressed area
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INCREASE IN POWER REQUIREMENT 7.9
9
Horse Power
8 7
5.3
6 3.9
5 4 3 2
2.6 1.3
1 0 20
30
50 Total Head (ft)
70
100
POWER REQUIREMENT FOR TUBE WELL DISCHARGE OF 10 L SEC -1
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
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WHAT TO DO ? Efficient use of water
higher productivity per unit of use conserves the natural resources of the area.
Demand side management MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Objectives • To develop a framework to optimize the use of
available water resources by increasing water use efficiency through suitable methods. • Water use efficiency includes any measure that reduces the amount of water used per unit of any given activity, consistent with the maintenance or enhancement of water quality. • Economic, social, technological and environ mental dimensions to be considered
Drivers of Change in WU Efficiency • Availability & Reliability of Supply – Scarcity is the key driver. • Value / Cost of Water – Value/cost of water becomes an important factor when the cost of accessing water becomes a significant input cost impacting profit margins. • Policy and regulatory framework for water
management
– These need to support WU efficiency.
Important areas of WUE Municipal Water Supplies Industries , including hotels, airports, stadia, infra
structure projects , railways and other bulk producers and consumers of water etc Agriculture sector.
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Municipal and Industrial Use • Consume about 10-15% • All the water used - converted from blue to either grey or
black • Accounted & Unaccounted losses as high as 50% of the total flow in the distribution system • Almost 80% of the leakage loss in house service connections due to corroded pipes, faulty couplings etc • Important to formulate water use efficiency regulations and directions for various civic bodies engaged in production, distribution and supply of water as well as industries, hotels, airports, railways etc.
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
STRATEGIES :
Municipal & Industrial Use
Industrial Sector
Shared recycling facilities & use of treated
wastewater for non-potable purposes Preparation and implementation of water management plans by industries - Free or subsidized technical advice from Government / research organizations Development of technologies for increasing water use efficiency in industries. Institution of awards for promoting achievements in water efficiency. Incentives for the adoption of water efficiency equipment. MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
STRATEGIES : Municipal & Industrial Use
Drinking & Domestic Water Sector
Incentives for households for installation of rainwater harvesting
systems and grey water treatment systems. Formulation and implementation of An appropriate approval process for the installation of roof-top rainwater harvesting systems across all states. Promoting the use of water efficient appliances and fittings in new buildings Establishment of national standards and codes relating to water efficiency, including the rating and labeling of water efficient appliances in consultation with the States and Industries. Implementation of rational water pricing to encourage the adoption of water efficient practices and efficient use of water by domestic consumers. Promoting further research into cost effective options for improved water efficiency in the drinking and domestic sector.
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Water Use Efficiency Irrigation Sector in
Present WUE in irrigation sector : Surface water – 35-40% Ground Water – 65-70% Total water use in Agriculture 525 BCM – 83% Main reasons of low WUE : Deficiencies in water delivery systems Inefficient water management in the fields
MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Water Use Efficiency in Irrigation Sector
• Some of the definitions of WUE used in Irrigation • •
•
• • •
sector are : Water Use (technical) Efficiency: The mass of agricultural produce per unit of water consumed. Water Use (economic) Efficiency: The value of product(s) produced per unit of water volume consumed. Water Use (hydraulic) Efficiency: The portion of water actually used by irrigated agriculture of the volume of water withdrawn. Irrigation efficiency Application Efficiency Conveyance Efficiency MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Strategies Irrigation Sector Assess the potential for increased levels of automation in conveyance and
distribution systems Provide financial incentives and farm planning support to change from flood irrigation systems to sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. Assess the potential for expansion of piped scheme irrigation on pilot basis Program to benchmark water use and irrigation practices at state level. Consultation program to establish practical and achievable targets for water use efficiency within irrigation sector within a fixed time-frame. Develop standardised measures and indicators for reporting on water use efficiency. Develop and implement a Farm Water Planning program to increase effective water management practices, provide technical support to farmers for applied best practice in irrigation systems and management and preparation of a Farm Water Conservation Plan. MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
Strategies Irrigation Sector Initiate programme for capacity building of farmers in
irrigation scheduling, use of new technology systems and preparation of irrigation and drainage management plans. Develop best practice demonstrations in use of irrigation technology including establishing climate stations in strategic intensive agriculture areas with web-based access to daily climate information. Provide a program of financial incentives for upgrading irrigation systems, system checks by accredited irrigation technologists and implementation of a Farm Water Conservation Plan. Establish a scheme to accredit irrigation system designers. MAXIMISE USE PER DROP OF WATER
WHY AGRICULTURE ?? Irrigation
and agriculture account for more than 80% of water budget.
If
we focus on 80% use of water, any advances will translate gain in other sector.
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ď‚—with 10% increase in the present level of water use
efficiency in irrigation projects, an additional 14 m.ha area can be brought under irrigation from the existing irrigation capacities ď‚—would involve a very moderate investment as compared to the investment that would be required for creating equivalent potential through new schemes.
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Too Early Rice Transplantation 90
84
80
80
76
67 60
70
56
60
52
ET, Cm
50 40 30 20 10 0 1st May
10th May
20th May
30th May
10 th Jun
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20th Jun
30th Jun
EFFECT OF DATE OF RICE TRANSPLANTATION ON FALL/RISE IN WATER TABLE
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“System of Rice Intensification (SRI)” involves the use of certain management practices, Four components of SRI Appropriate planting date Limited irrigation weeding application of more compost and building soil organic
matter content.
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Bed vs Conv. Flat Planting of Paddy Research Trials (12)
Adaptive Trials (35)
70 60 50
65.9 63.4
66.8 61.3
40 30
31.5 27.4
20 10 0
Conv. Flat
Bed
Grain yield (q/ha)
Irrigation water saving in Bed over Conv. Flat (%)
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Transplanting on flat puddled land (Conventional Practice)
Transplanting in furrows
Transplanting on beds
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