SARDAR SAROVAR (NARMADA) PROJECT by India Water Week

SARDAR SAROVAR (NARMADA) PROJECT

The Lifeline Dr. K. D. Acharya

Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited

DAMMING THE NARMADAOne of the Eight Modern Wonders Abuilding TIME, January 24, 1994

Damming the Narmada Conceived in 1946 and begun in 1961, the Narmada Valley Development Project is awesome in scope. Thirty large and more than 3,000 smaller dams will divert Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Narmada River and 40 tributaries into irrigation canals and generate nearly 3,000 MW of electricityâ&#x20AC;Ś..

Gujarat - located in western part of India having a population of 60 million with an area of 196024 sq.km.

Location : Latitude 20.600 to 24.420 North Longitude 68.10o to 74.28o East

Projected Water Scarcity in 2025

Source: The Global Water Scarcity Study, IWMI, 1998

Water Crisis Of Gujarat â&#x20AC;˘

Diversity in water resources within state

Annual Rainfall (a) Gujarat region 800 to 2000 mm (b) Saurashtra region 400 to 800 mm (c) Kachchh region less than 400 mm Total 185 Rivers, only 8 Perennial located in southern part

Intra-State Water Availability KACHCHH (2%) SURFACE WATER

650 MCM

NORTH GUJARAT(11%)

GROUNDWATER

450 MCM

SURFACE WATER

2100 MCM

TOTAL (2%)

1100 MCM

GROUNDWATER

3300 MCM

TOTAL (11 %)

5400 MCM

IV SAURASHTRA(16%)

III

II SOUTH GUJARAT(71%)

SURFACE WATER

3600 MCM

SURFACE WATER 31750 MCM

GROUNDWATER

4300 MCM

GROUNDWATER

3950 MCM

TOTAL (16 %)

7900MCM

TOTAL (71%)

35700 MCM

GUJARAT STATE :Surface Water 38100 MCM , Ground Water 12000 MCM ( Total of 50100 MCM)

Water Balance Scenario in 2010

Total Water Demand (51040 MCM/Year) 96.06%

3.43% Study carried out by TAHAL Consulting Engineers

0.51% Agriculture

Industrial

Domestic

Before SSP

Daily drudgery of women for fetching water from many kilometers

Struggle for water

Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s struggle for water in rural areas

Water Supply through Tankers and Trains

Long Queues for Domestic Water

Migration of human and cattle population in search of water

Police preventing a selfimmolation bid by two activist of Sankalp Seva Samiti at the east zone office compound of Ahmedabad municipal corporation in Rakhiyal area on Thursday over water supply problem Newsline Photo

Sardar Sarovar Project

Sardar Sarovar

Narmada River •4th Longest in India •1312 km in Length •Catchment upto SSP 88,000 sq.km

Carrying more Water than Beas, Sutlej and Ravi rivers

The Narmada River • Origin, Amarkantak (M.P.) - latitude 22 o 40’ north and longitude 81o 45’ east. • Total length 1,312 km (1077 km in M.P., 161 km in Gujarat). • 41 tributaries (22 on Left Bank and 19 on the Right Bank). • Mean annual flow more than combined flow of Ravi, Beas and Sutluj - three main rivers responsible for green revolution in India. • Utilisable Water Resources per capita per year - 3020 m3.

Present utilisation hardly 10%.

Inter-State Water Resource Apportioning India Article 262 of the Indian Constitution recognises the principle that no state can be permitted to use the waters of an inter-state river so as to cause prejudice to the interests of another riparian state or of a state in the river valley or of the inhabitants thereof. Page 16

Article 262 Power of Parliament to enact Laws Inter State Water Dispute Act, 1956 Inter State Water Dispute Tribunal Supreme Court Judge, Chairman Award beyond Judicial Review

Approach for Adjudicating Narmada Water Dispute • National interest should have over-riding priority; • Rights and interests of State concerned should be fully safeguarded subject to (i) above; • Requirements of irrigation should have priority over those of power; • Irrigation should be extended to the maximum area irrespective of State boundaries; • All available water should be utilised to the maximum extent possible for irrigation and power generation; • The quantity going waste to the sea – to be kept to the unavoidable minimum.

Narmada Sagar Omkareshwar Maheshwar

Sardar Sarovar

Integrated River Basin Planning

30 major dams 135 medium dams 3000 minor dams

Award of the Tribunal Water (28 MAF)

Power (1450 MW) Madhya Pradesh 57% (826.50 MW)

Madhya Pradesh 65.18% (18.25 MAF)

Rajasthan 1.79% (0.50 MAF)

Page 19

Maharashtra 0.89% (0.25 MAF) Gujarat 32.14% (9.0 MAF)

Gujarat 16% (232 MW)

Maharashtra 27% (391.50 MW)

Mission Harnessing the untapped waters of the Narmada for survival of millions of people and environmentally sound sustainable development of the western India by providing the essence of lifeWater and Energy.

The Planned Benefits • Irrigation – 19.05 Lakh Ha (18 Lakh Ha. In Gujarat) • Increase in Agricultural Production - 87 Lakh Tonnes per annum • Hydro Power – 100 crore units per year (installed capacity 1450 MW). • Drinking water - 9633 villages and 131 towns • Flood Protection to 30,000 Ha • 10 lakh jobs - mostly in rural areas

Water Scarcity Affected Area

Project Beneficiary Area

 75% area under Narmada command is drought-prone  Out of allocated water share of 9.0 MAF, 7.94 MAF for Irrigation (88.23%), 0.86 MAF (9.55%) for Domestic and 0.2 MAF (2.22%) for Industrial use.  Drinking water for 9633 villages and 131 urban centers.

Narmada based Drinking Water Master Plan 9633 Villages and 131 Urban Centres to be benefitted

7409 Villages and 118 Urban Centres 23 already covered

SSP – Accomplishments at a glance • Even at 30% completion, present canal network is much larger than many irrigation projects of India • Total fruitful utilization of more than 57,053 MCM (46 MAF) till today • Drinking Water to 7409 villages and 118 towns – Sharp decrease in dropout ratio at primary (20.81% to 2%) and middle level (36.30% to 11.64%)

• Electricity Generated > 26,600 Million Units • Irrigation Potential developed – 6.25 lakh hectare • Rajasthan being supplied water since March 2008 Electricity consumption for agriculture reduced from 45.12% to 22% (2001-2012) (Ref. Socio-Economic Review of Gujarat State, 2012-13)

Overview of Dam & Hydropower Complex

VADGAM SADDLE DAM

CHPH IBPT UGRBPH SWITCH YARD

EXIT TUNNELS 3 NOS.

Present Status of Dam `

 Remaining concrete : 1,20,000 cubic meter for Piers and Bridge  Installation of Radial Gates : 30 Nos – 23 for Service Spillway & 7 for Auxilliary  Target date for completion : 36 months after approval of NCA  Financial implication : Rs. 220 Crores

138.68 Mt

2006 - EL.121.92 m 2004 - EL.110.64 m 2003 - EL.100.00 m 2002 - EL.95.00 m 2000 - EL.90.00 m 1999 - EL.85.00 m 1995 - EL.80.30 m

Average River Bed EL.18 m

RBPH (1200 MW) Six Units (of 200 MW each) made operationalized in a phased manner during September 2004 to June 2006 Total Units of electricity generated 23,307 Million Units (upto 25 Feb 2013)

CHPH (250 MW) Five Units (of 50 MW each) made operationalized in a phased manner during October to December 2004 Total Units of electricity generated 3,201 Million Units (upto 25 Feb 2013)

Water flown in 35 Branch Canals out of total 38 Branch Canals 28

Narmada Main Canal â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Manmade River Length 458.318 km. Cost

5,800 Crore Rupees

Discharge @ HR

40000 Cusecs (1133 Cumecs)

Discharge @ GujaratRajasthan Border

2500 Cusecs (71 Cumecs)

Passing Through

13 Districts

Total Structures

633

Off-taking Branches

CCA (annual irrigation)

18.44 Lakh Hectares

Construction Work Started Year 1980 Water started flowing

Year 2001-02

Completed

Year 2008

Status of Canal Network

Type of Canal

Main Canal

Total Length in Km. Completed Length in Km.

% completed

458 km Completed And Operationalied Since 2008

Branch Canal

2585

2124

Distributaries

5112

2326

Minor

18413

6289

Sub-Minor

48058

10185

Total

74626

21382*

* Almost double the IGNP canal network & 11 times that of ISP

Status of Irrigation Potential created & Planning for completion Total I.P. to be created

I.P. Created, till Feb â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2013 Work under progress for I.P. Tenders Under Different Stages

17.92

Lakh Ha. (Upto Minor 26568 km)

6.25

Lakh Ha. ( Upto Minor 11197 km) (35%)

9.57

Lakh Ha. ( Upto Minor 11458 km) (53%)

2.10

Lakh Ha. ( Upto Minor 3913 km) (12%) 31

Innovative Features of SSP • Lined canals for reduced conveyance losses • More crop per drop – extensive irrigation to 18 lakh hectare area with just 21” Delta • Promoting Micro Irrigation – Drip, Sprinkler etc. 25 Pilot Projects • Automated operation of canals planned for safety and improved response time based on Controlled Volume Concept

Innovation in Construction of SSP • For the first time mechanized paver used for Canal Lining on slopes • Membrane curing adopted on large scale for Canal Lining on Slopes • Cable crane used for concreting dam • Pump concrete used on large scale • Sand drains for consolidation of soil

Innovative Features of SSP • Large capacity pumps (20 cumecs) used for lifting water • Concrete batching plants used for canal works from 1983 onwards • Small hydro on canals • Solar power on canals.

Saurashtra Branch Canal Pumping Station VOLUTE FORMWORK

Harnessing the Potential of Small/Micro Hydel

Pilot Project of Solar PV Project on Canal

SSP and Public Private Partnership • Gujarat - pioneer of PPP in many sectors, Milk cooperatives, PIM in Dharoi and Pani samiti in WASMO have been recognized at National level • Project is an exemplary case of PPP – Tremendous Public Support in overcoming all the hurdles – Magnanimous Financial Support from Public – Irrigation water supply – only through WUAs

• Very high Potential for PPP in the next Phases i.e. particularly in North Gujarat, Kachchh and Saurashtra where scarcity value of water is known

More Crop Per Drop â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Explaining the farmers about value of water

Recent Noteworthy Initiatives Land Acquisition expedited by  Consent Awards by paying compensation at ‘Jantri’ Rates

 District Level Coordination Committees Unit Rate concept for Maintenance Works 5 years maintenance responsibility – an integral part of the contracts

Recent Noteworthy Initiatives for Speedy Implementation  To cope up with the manpower shortage, outsourcing resorted for  Joint Measurement Survey  Network Planning and Design  Project Management Consultancy  Third Party Inspection for Quality Management

 District Level Coordination Committees – to promote participation of beneficiaries and prompt resolution of issues

Awards and Recognition • American Concrete Institute Award for Excellence – 1991: – Canal Lining of Narmada Main Canal - Most Outstanding Concrete Structure in India

Awards and Recognition • 5th “ENERTIA AWARD-2011” on 14th October 2011 – “WINNER” in Category-I: Power Generation Award “HYDRO POWER” – SSNNL’s Power Generation in 2010-11 of 3,589 MUs is higher by 43.5% than 2,501MUs in 2009-10.

194 Works of Rs. 7,878 crores in progress

Morbi Branch - Earthwork

Dhrangadhra Branch - Syphon

Botad Branch - Syphon

Botad Branch - Parapet

Dhrangadhra Branch - DSY

Maliya Branch

Botad Branch - VRB

Dhrangadhra Branch - Lining

Maliya Branch

Dhandha Minor - Lining

Amarapura Branch

Dhanora Disty - Syphon

Palipur Minor - CSY

Amarapura Branch Parapet

Amarapura Branch Lining

Rafu Sub-Branch

Lalpur Minor - Structure

Rupnagar Disty Earthwork

Statue of Unity 182 m tall statue of the Iron Man of India Location : Sadhu Bet (Island) @ 3.32 km downstream of Main Dam Estimated Cost : Rs. 2,500 Cr PMC Appointed : Turner, USA Facilities envisaged : Viewing gallery @ 450 ft, Audio-visual gallery, Exhibition, Museum, Research Centre, Recreation, connectivity by ferry service, metro rail, multilane road

Kevadia - a Tourist Destination

Last year 7.5 lakh visited the Dam About 6 Lakh people visited the Dam in 50days overflow period

Kevadia Development Plan 6 1 To

PROJECT -1 SWAGAT STHAL

da do ra

jp Ra

PROJECT -2 VIEWPOINT1

ipla

PROJECT -3 NEHRU POINT

PROJECT -4 VIEW POINT-2

PROJECT -5 CROCODILE POINT Da

2 Si te

4 Sardar Sarovar Dam

Master Plan

PROJECT -6 CHAMRI BLOCK PROJECT -7 ISLAND AND TENT CITY

Kevadia Development Plan 6

7 8

5 1 3

4 2

1. Amphi Theater 2. Model Room 3. Geological Room 4. Audio-Visual Room 5. Existing Block 6. Haat 7. Water Body 8. Food Court

Environment  73.27 Million trees planted so far  For every tree submerged 88 trees have been planted (in    

3 times the area of submerged forest) 29157 ha of Catchment area treated (27204 ha forest and 1953 ha non forest 4650 ha compensatory afforestation in non forest area 9300 ha compensatory afforestation in degraded forest area 5100 ha afforestation in Dam vicinity & Canal vicinity

Environment  Shoolpaneshwar sanctuary area increased from

150.87

to 607 sq. km.  Nal Sarovar & wild ass sanctuary will be benefited  Velavadar National Park to be benefited.  5.66 crore fingerlings of Rohu cattamrigal & Zing

released in reservoir and dykes in last 20 years.  21 different structures on KBC passing from Wild Ass

Sanctuary to prevent fragmentation of habitate, inbreeding and to facilitate movement.

 Environment Safeguard Measure Plan under

implementation.  M S University, Vadodara, HNGU Patan roped in for

ex-situ conservation of tree species of command area.

Action Taken on Environmental Issues â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Catchment Area Treatment Treated 27042 ha Forest Area & 1953 ha Non Forest Area

Flora & Fauna

Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts  A scientific and systematic attempt to study the impacts  Specific Objectives are to Evaluate :  The direct economic and socio-economic impacts of Narmada water supplies on  Farmers  Drinking Water Beneficiaries (Rural+Urban)  The positive and negative externalities as induced by the use of Narmada water for irrigation and drinking water supplies

Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts Methodology followed

 7 Districts

Identification of the villages for the field survey Design of the questionnaire Actual field survey by conducting interviews and documentation Collection and compilation of secondary data Analysis of primary and secondary data Drawing inferences and conclusions Discussions and presentations Report writing and draft submission Finalization of draft duly incorporating suggestions

 23 Talukas  74 Villages  180 gravity irrigators  258 canal-lift irrigators  288 well irrigators  302 wage labourers  282 households55

Major Findings of the Study  Substantial increase in Gross Cropped Area per farmer (Gravity - 18%, Lift – 229%) and Area under Irrigation (Gravity - 302%, Lift – 248%)  Dependence on other sources (wells/purchase) declined  Shift in cropping pattern towards remunerative crops  Remarkable increase in     

   

Crop Yield (Cotton 122%, Maize 118%, Castor 172%) Net Income from Farming (Rs. 50,000 to 70,000/Ha) Net Income from Dairy (Rs. 5,000 to 20,000/Year) Demand for farm labour and wages (Rs. 34-37 per day) Total household expenditure (almost double)

Saving in time consumed for fetching water Rise in groundwater levels, reduced depth of pumping Reduced economic cost of energy to pump groundwater Reduced expenditure on health, lower incidence of water 56 borne diseases

Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts Limitations of the Study

The Way Forward

Project under implementation - Just 1/3 rd of the designated command receiving water Short time frame of three seasons Sample size Seasonal factors

 Further verification of some of the findings  Trend comparison with other parts of the State  Periodic evaluation  Documentation of progressive transformation

THANKS