CHALLENGES IN WATER MANAGEMENT FOR POWER AND INDUSTRIAL DEMAND REDUCTION IN WATER FOOTPRINTS IN OFFICES/INDUSTRIES AND OTHER PREMISES
VINAYAK KOUNDANYA Senior General Manager(Planning)
INTRODUCTION •
The WF is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer.
•
Demand of water will never goes down and water would never be out of business.
•
Water is everybody’s interest. Common man is concerned with its availability and use.
•
The use of water is to be made judiciously & 3‘R’s are to be practiced :
• • •
Reduce use Reuse Recycle
WAPCOS at its corporate office, Gurgaon adopted various technique to reduce its water use & conservation of freshwater
ROOFTOP AND OPEN SPACE RAINWATER HARVESTING SCHEME
The Scheme is in operational since 2002.
The network of drains from the roof top including open space have
been connected with the main collector drain at the ground with a recharge pit (2.3 m x 2.1 m x 2.7 m) to collect the runoff water .
A injection well has been dug in the ground, beneath the recharge
pit
The filter material consist of three layers each of boulders, gravels
and sand. Scheme was re-activated in 2012
AVAILABILITY OF RAINFALL RUNOFF AND STORAGE The total roof top area is 1180 sq. m. and open space of 600 sq.
m. The average annual rainfall at Gurgaon is 612 mm. Considering the rainfall intensity of 25 mm/hr and a loss rate of 5
mm/hr, the effective rainfall for recharging is 20 mm/hr. Quantum of recharge per year is 740 m³
WATERLESS URINALS
Urine do not have any odour, the odour is created when a chemical reaction take place in presence of a catalyst over the period of time creates Ammonia (odour) and carbon-dioxide(Heat) Odour Synthesis in Conventional Flush Urinal (NH2)2CO + H20 Urease
+
2(NH3)
+
CO2
(Urea) (Water) (Ammonia) (Carbon-dioxide) (catalyst) The body of waterless urinal is hydrophobic i.e. it does not permit water droplets to remain on the surface. Also the surface is coated with nano silver which is anti-stain and anti-bacterial in nature. (NHâ‚‚)â‚‚CO (Urea)
Air Sealed Trap
Pipe Drainage No Return of vapour from the drain
WATERLESS URINALS WORKS ON FLAP TECHNOLOGY Flap closes with the gravitational Pull and stopping the odor
URINAL INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
TRAP (FLAP TECHNOLOGY) FRONTSIDE
BACKSIDE
INSTALLATION OF WATERLESS URINALS
36 Nos. of Waterless Urinals have been installed.
On an average, 400 male officials work in the Office for about
240 working days in a year.
Average use of toilet is considered to be 5 times (5 lpcd) in a
day by an individual. By installing these urinals, 480 m³ of fresh water is being
saved annually.
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER BY NATURAL PROCESS It is based on principle of natural wetland and is defined as a
“Wetland specifically constructed for the purpose of waste water management. This Technology uses certain types of plants which recycle the
waste water and make it available for non-domestic utilization
.
VARIOUS PLANT TYPES Water Hyacinths Eichhornia crassipes Forage Kochia Kochia spp Poplar Trees Populus spp Willow Trees Salix spp Alfalfa Medicago sativa Cattail Typha latifolia Coontail Ceratophyllum demersvm L Bullrush Scirpus spp Reed Phragmites spp. American pondweed Potamogeton nodosus 14
Common Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia
IMPLEMENTATION Wastewater treatment plant, in association with NEERI, is in
operation in WAPCOS Corporate Office, Gurgaon. Grey and black water collected from office sewers is treated by this
technology. The treated clean new water of the order of 15.75 cum/day is
proposed to be utilized both for gardening and plantation purpose and remaining water to be diverted to recharge pit for recharge purpose.
PHYTORID PLANT
ANNUAL GENERATION
Collection of wastewater @ 35 lpcd for 500 users is 17.50
m³/day. Generation of new water (90%) is 15.75 m³/day. Generation of new water considering 240 working days is
3780 m³/ year.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Total Reduction in Water Footprint
Installing Waterless Urinal ………………………………..- 480 m³
Re-use of treated water for plantation & gardening … - 1520 m³
Total ……………………………..– 2000 m³
Ground water recharge by rain water harvesting …….- 740 m³ Diverting treated water by natural process ……………- 2260 m³. Total……………………………… – 3000 m³ • The experience gained would be tangibly used by other offices/industries and other such public premises.