WATER MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE ECO- SYSTEM BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION VULNARABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SHALLOW AQUIFER GROUND WATER : A CASE STUDY OF THALAKULATHUR GRAMA PANCHAYATH KERALA STATE , INDIA. NARAYANAN NAMBOODIRI TV MTech IIT Delhi PMP,
Assistant Executive Engineer.Kerala Water Authority, India. narayanntv@gmail.com.
INDIA WATER WEEK 2013 “EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT : CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” APRIL 8-13 2013 NEWDELHI.
“Dharmo rakshati Rakshitaha” hydraulic cycle showers 505,000 Cub KM
Self Purification of water and storage 1.6 million people die each year from water borne diseases Kerala scenario Rainfall (3060mm) -national average (1100mm). Contamination of shallow dug well - 30 lakhs –(75% -Coverage) Heavy risk of water borne diseases in Semi urban Area (70%) Climate Change : Im-perennial Rivers, SDA Suburban areas -municipal services, Presents a typical suburban Panchayath
One of the Developing Panchayaths in Kerala State Area of 1743 hectares – Population : 26687 Households. 5468, Undulating (156m elevation difference), Types of soil series. 10 Dug wells 260/sq km. Latrine pits 314/sq km.
Aquifer & Retention period
a
Lack Lack of of scientific scientific model model of of vulnerability vulnerability No No standard standard for for lining lining Increased Increased Toilet Toilet Pits Pits Dug Dug Wells Wells Density Density High High Pumping Pumping rate rate Aquifer Aquifer become become an an “anaerobic “anaerobic reactor reactor”” Spreading Spreading water water born born disease disease && Social Social Tension Tension Under Under Utilisation Utilisation // Over Over exploitation exploitation SAW SAW
OBJECTIVES Creation Creation of of aa local local GIS GIS based based Methodology Methodology for for Bacteriological Bacteriological Contamination Contamination Vulnerability Vulnerability of of SAW SAW To To use use aa specific specific methodology methodology to to assess assess vulnerability vulnerability of of SAW SAW in in Thalakulathur Thalakulathur Grama Grama Panchayath Panchayath
Geographical Geographical Information Information System System
GRAPHIC GRAPHICDATA DATA
ATTRIBUTE ATTRIBUTEDATA DATA VECTOR VECTOR (tells (tellsabout aboutgeographic geographicposition) position) RASTER RASTER (tells (tellsabout aboutmulti-dimensional multi-dimensionalphotographs) photographs) GPS (tells about important landmarks)
Depth Depth WT WT
SSoil oil
EEffluent ffluentTP TP
Outlet Outlet Water Water TTopography opography
Aquifer Aquifer
Conductivity Conductivity
CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION BASED BASED RANK RANK Vector Vector to to Raster Raster format format & & Weightage Weightage of of DESTOCA DESTOCA :: spatial spatial analyst analyst ARC ARC GIS GIS
Vulnerability Vulnerability Map Map :: Raster Raster Calculator Calculator D*0.2+E*0.15+S*0.1+T*0.25+O*0.15+ D*0.2+E*0.15+S*0.1+T*0.25+O*0.15+ C*0.0.1+A*.05 C*0.0.1+A*.05
IfIfaapicture pictureisisworth worthmore morethan thanaa thousand thousandwords, words,then thencertainly certainlyan anintelligent intelligentmap mapisis worth worthmuch muchmore. more.
CONCLUSIONS Come forth into the light of things, Let nature be your teacher William Wordsworth
DESTOCA DESTOCA methodology methodology -- Satisfactory Satisfactory 15%-260 Hectares -highly vulnerable zone DESTOCA DESTOCA Index Index may may be be further further stream stream lined lined Full Full fledged fledged GIS GIS Based Based DBMS DBMS collaboration collaboration with with LSGD LSGD SAW SAW usage usage in in highly highly vulnerable vulnerable -- restricted restricted Standards Standards for for Lining Lining to to be be formulated formulated No No more more toilet toilet pits, pits, only only std std septic septic tanks tanks && Soak Soak Pit Pit Urban Urban areas areas SAW SAW –– unsafe unsafe -- guard guard foundation foundation
AKCNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is thankful to Smt Chandrika. C, Chief Engineer, KWA Mr. AshokKumar Singh, IAS, MD KWA Dr. Anoop and Dr. Prema Chandran. Smt.ShobhaT.C, Dr.Babu Ambat,Mr. KD Namboodiripad Smt Bindu .KK CED Thiruvananthapuram REFERENCES Aller, L.; Bennet, T.; Lehr, J. H. & Petty, R. J.(1987 Asghari Moghaddam,A. Fijani, E.2,Nadiri, (2010) Doerfliger N, Zwahlen F (1995) Husam Baalousha:FAVA Project (2009) Planning Commission. Soil Survey Government of Kerala(2005) S.Prabaharan et al (2011 http://www.esri.com, http://pubs.usgs.gov http://www.wateraid.org http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.who.int/water_sanitation