India Water Week 2013 S10 – Sustainable and efficient Domestic Water Supply in Rural and Urban areas -Session 2 on Urban Water Supply
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR AUGMENTING DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY IN URBAN AREAS THROUGH INTER BASIN WATER TRANSFER M K SRINIVAS Chief Engineer
G.A.RAJKUMAR Deputy Director
P.V.RAMARAJU Deputy Director
National Water Development Agency
URBANISATION • The Department of Economic & Social Affairs of United Nations estimated that • more than half of the world population resides in Urban Areas • By 2050 more than half of the World’s Urban Population will live in Asia • About 80% of GDP is generated by urban areas • About 40% of urban growth is concentrated around the slums
Distribution of World Urban Population
INDIAN SCENARIO • The population has increased from 102.9 crores (2001) to 121.0 crore (2011) • Level of urbanization has increased from 27.81%(2001) to 31.16% (2011) • Mumbai with a population of 184.14 lakhs continues to be India’s biggest city. • The increase in urbanization can primarily be attributed to rural-urban migration, extension of existing areas as ‘Urban’ & to a natural increase.
MUMBAI – PROBLEMS AHEAD • There would be acute shortage of domestic & industrial water in Mumbai by the year 2050 • The projected domestic water demand for Greater Mumbai is 2555 Mm3 • The water available from various sources including from middle Vaitarna, Bhatsa and Gargai projects would be 1502 Mm3 • A gross deficit of about 1053 Mm3 !!
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION • Studies by National Water Development Agency (NWDA) indicated that – Surplus water is available in the west flowing river of Damanganga basin – This water can be transferred to Mumbai after crossing the Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins • Damanganga river basin is spread over the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat
Bhugad Dam (210 Mm 3 ) Kargihill Dam (369 Mm 3 )
Pinjal Dam (316 Mm 3 )
To Mumbai 895 Mm 3
DAMANGANGA-PINJAL LINK • A 851 m long dam at Bhugad across river Damanganga • A 573 m long dam at Khargihill across river Vagh • A tunnel of about 16.85 km length connecting Bhugad reservoir with Khargihill reservoir • A tunnel of about 25.7 km length connecting Khargihill reservoir with Pinjal reservoir • A 545 m long dam across river Pinjal (a tributary of Vaitarna river) proposed by Government of Maharashtra
SCHEMATIC CONVEYANCE SYSTEM OF DAMANGANGA – PINJAL LINK Inflows
TUNNEL (25.70 Kms)
KHARGIHILL
(210+369) 579 Mm3
210 Mm3 D/s Releases : 91 Mm3
Irrigation Demand: : 9 Mm3 D/s Releases
MADHUBAN (existing)
Domestic Releases: 5 Mm3
Pinjal River
Evap. Losses: 57.51 Mm3
(Tributary of Vaitarna River)
Evap. Loss: 77.7 Mm3 TUNNEL (16.85 Kms)
BHUGAD
Domestic Releases: : 5 Mm3
Inflows
Vagh River
Damanganga River
Irrigation Demand: : 11 Mm3
Inflows
PINJAL
Diversion from Pinjal : 316 Mm3 To Mumbai – 86 Kms
Combined Diversion of 895 Mm3 from Bhugad, Khargihill & Pinjal to Greater Mumbai
Tentative Planning of MCGM Distance from Pinjal to Pogaon = 56 km Distance from Pogaon to Bhandup = 30 km (BMC have a water treatment plant cum pumping station at this point from where they have pipe line to Mumbai city for supply of water)
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT • The Feasibility Report of D-P link project was prepared by NWDA in 2004 • Consensus was arrived amongst the Central Government and beneficiary states viz., Gujarat and Maharashtra for preparation of DPR of D-P link project in 2010 • A tripartite MoU was signed by the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra and the Union Government in May, 2010 in the presence of the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India for preparation of DPR
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF D-P LINK • Transfer of 895 Mm3 of water from Damanganga basin to Mumbai • Planning done at 100% dependability • Hydropower generation – at Bhugad dam 2 units of 1.0 MW installed capacity each – at Khargihill dam 1 unit of 0.6 MW installed capacity – Two units of 1.0 MW installed capacity each near Khargihill-Pinjal tunnel
• Flood Moderation in Damanganga basin • Other benefits
CONCLUSIONS • Depleting Ground water levels in urban areas at an alarming rate – big concern • Sea water intrusion – a serious problem • Rooftop rain water harvesting – how effective • Provision of Surface Water for domestic water needs – Possibility • Interbasin water transfer – A sustainable solution • Water at any cost ?