Sustainable and Efficient Domestic Water Supply in Urban and Rural Areas (Session-II-Urban Water Supply)
ADDRESSING DELHI’s WATER Supply problems: taking lessons from Singapore's water management experience
- PRAKHAR JAIN
INTRODUCTION
Singapore water problems in 1960-70s Poverty and rising population A living environment defined by polluted rivers and streams, unmanaged catchments, water rationing, unhygienic street hawkers, and smoke-emitting/effluent- discharging industries Dependence on Malaysia for raw water requirement
Very similar water problems to that Delhi faces in present Singapore transformed itself into a successful water management model in the last 40 years
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

Would the water reforms in Delhi provide the elements necessary to match the key steps taken in Singapore to achieve sustainable and efficient water supply? What are the critical conditions for success of water reforms in Delhi?
RESEARCH METHODS
Key informant interviews and observational research Fourteen
semi-structured formal and five informal unstructured interviews were conducted in total, including interviewees from Delhi Jal Board (DJB), Government of NCT of Delhi, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Government of India, World Bank, and two resident welfare associations.
Targeted document analysis and literature review
SINGAPORE WATER STRATEGY
Singapore River and Kallang Basin Clean-up Closing the water-loop
SINGAPORE WATER STRATEGY
Supply Management- 4 National water taps Catchment
water- 2/3 of Singapore is catchment area, 90% by 2060 Imported water- from state of Johor in Malaysia Reclaimed water (NEWater)- currently 30% of total supply, 50% by 2060 Desalinated water
Demand management Wastewater management Stormwater management
PUBLIC UTILITIES BOARD (PUB) PERFORMANCE 
PUB is the national water agency, responsible for the collection, production, distribution and reclamation of water in Singapore.
DELHI
Rapidly rising population and their needs for sustainable water services
2-3 hours of unreliable water supply to only 72% of the population
Utility (Delhi Jal Board) is financially sick (NRW is 52%)
Huge disparity in demand-supply
DELHI REFORM PROCESS- A LOT YET TO BE ACHIEVED
Private-sector participation
Three-tier supply system
WTP command zones Underground reservoir zones District meter areas
Supply augmentation through Renuka, Kishau and Lakhwar Vyasi dams Water reclaimation projects
2005 anti-privatization movement Recently, implemented three pilot projects in Malviya Nagar UGR, Vasant Vihar UGR, and Nangloi WTP on the public-private-partnership (PPP) model.
Coronation pillar STP
Institutional restructuring
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Land-use planning
Comprehensive Yamuna and adjoining land clean-up program on the lines of Singapore
Effective institutional management Strong leadership to carry forward reforms De-politicization and corporatization of DJB Effective HR policies
Integrated approach Effective wastewater management- water reclamation Demand management (Pricing, rainwater harvesting, conservation programs) given equal emphasis as augmenting water supply capacity
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Sustainable cost recovery Customers
willing to pay more for improved services Leakages and losses to be reduced by improving networks
Stakeholder engagement Public
participation at each and very step Proper stakeholder mapping
Innovation Investment
in R&D
FEEDBACK/QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU