Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply by Shri Sanjeev Aggarwal, Chief Engineer (P&D), Shri Ravi Shanker, Director & Shri P K Sharma, Dy. Director, River Data Directorate, Central Water Commission
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
Fixed and limited water resources with skewed spatial and temporal distribution. Continuous growth of population making the country as water stressed by 2050. Improved lifestyle resulting in increased water and power usage. Shift of population towards urban centers requires shifting of natural resources also. Waste water management issues Heavy subsidy on water supply Reasonable return period for industries on investment made for water conservation 2
Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
• Water Availability Scenario Total precipitation over India – 4000 BCM Temporal Skewness : 50% of which happens within 15 days and in less than 100 hrs. Spatial Skewness : 100 mm (Rajasthan) to 10900 mm (Meghalaya) CWC assessment of Water Resources Potential of country: 1869.37 BCM Utilisable Surface Water: 690.1 BCM ; Groundwater : 433 BCM – Total utilisable water resources 1123 BCM 3
Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
• Water audit for Urban Water Supply (~ 6% ) Planning Commission has given due emphasis on Water Audit in its 12th Plan Vision Document. Central Water Commission Guideline of Dec, 2005: “GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR WATER AUDIT & WATER” - Annex-C : formats for undertaking water audit exercise by civic bodies. Schema of Water Audit courtesy IWA/AWWA Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi : Tughlakabad Institutional Area Office : Institutional / office Water Audit Ministry of Water Resources : National Bureau for Water Use Efficiency Notional not actual Water Charges for urban users 4
Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply Annex- C DOMESTIC WATER AUDIT Assessment of water requirement for residential Units Number of persons / user in the residential unit =
Sl. No.
Fixtures
(1)
(2)
1
Kitchen faucet
2
Utility faucet-1
3
Utility faucet-2
4
Bathroom faucet-1
5
Bathroom faucet-2
6
Bathroom faucet-3
7
Other faucet-1
8
Other faucet-2
9
Shower-1
10
Shower-2
11
Shower-3
12
Toilet-1
13
Toilet-2
14
Toilet-3
15
Washing Machine
16
Dish washer
17
Others
TOTAL
Measurement of Water Uses per Residential Unit Rate of Discharge Average Duration of Use (min) Average (litre/min) Quantity per Use (litre)
(3)
(4)
(5)
No. of Uses (No.)
Total Daily Use (litre)
Per Capita Daily Water Use (litre)
(6)
(7)
(8)
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply Water Exported
Billed Water Exported
Authorized B Consumption
Water from own sources (Corrected for known errors)
Billed Authorized Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption System Input A Volume
Apparent D Losses
Water Supplied
C
Water Losses Water Imported
E
Real Losses
Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Metering Inaccuracies Data-Handling Error Leakage on Transmission and Distribution in Mains Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks Leakage on Service connections up to Point of Customer Metering
Revenue F Water
NonRevenue G Water
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
• Water Audit for Industrial Water Supply ( ~ 9% in India, ~
25% in Industrialized / Developed nations) Major users : Thermal Power Plants, Oil Refineries, Paper & Pulp Industry, Fertilizer Industry, Textile Industry and Food Processing Purposes: cooling, dilution and/or transportation of waste, cleaning, lubrication, processing and often as base material. (i.e. soft drinks) Major benefits to Industries on utilizing the results of water audit : financial , water consumption Assessment of TERI for thermal power plants ( 80 m3 Indian , 10 m3 Developed Nations); IFP Energies Nouvelles: Assessment for Refineries Energy-Water Demand relation: A Maheu, McGill University 7
Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply Main Intake Water Reservoir Total Intake Water: 380,000 m3 /day (22,000 m3/ day
Coal Handling
Drinking Water Supply (Township & Plant)
110,000 m3/ day
Raw Water Treatment (Clarification)
Filter House
Ash Handling System Observed leakages 300m3 /day
Township STP Waste Water
Fire Fighting DM Plant
3,800 m3 / day (discharged unused)
Observed high leakages Ash Dyke
Boilers Evaporative + Drift looses Steam 64,000 m3/ day Ct: (190,000 m3/day)
Turbines
Cooling Towers (CT) Condensers
Auxiliary Uses
22,000m3/day (Drain unsued)
Waste Water Discharge to Open drain
Feed Water Closed Cycle Water
Recirculation Waste water drain
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply Main Intake Water Reservoir Rationalizing township water supply (13,000 m3/day)
Reduced Total Intake Water: 147,000 m 3/day
Coal Handling
Drinking Water Supply (Township & Plant)
Raw Water Treatment (Clarification)
Filter House
Ash Handling System Plugging leakages 300m day 3/
Township
STP Waste
Water
Recycling & Plugging Leakages (74,000m3/day)
DM Plant
Ash Dyke
Fire Fighting
Evaporative + Drift losses 3,800 m3/day (Reused for horticulture within the township)
Boilers
Reducing CT specific water consumption (78,000 m3/day)
Steam
64,000 m3/day
Turbines
Condensers Optional direct reuse 22,000 m3/day
Feed Water
Auxiliary Uses
Cooling Towers (CT) Cooling Towers (CT)
Proposed wastewater Proposed wastewater treatment & recycling treatment & recycling
Closed Cycle Water
Recirculation
Wastewater drain
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
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Mandatory Water Audit for Urban and Industrial Water Supply
• Mandatory Water Audit Framework: should be based
on entire consumption cycle based on source to sink approach. The dynamic assessment model should not only evaluate the existing system / process / infrastructure for its efficiency but should also be able to suggest workable models for future.
• Role of Central Water Commission: CWC has established hydro-meteorological observation network including Water Quality Monitoring on major river basins of India. Further, it has knowledge of planning, appraisal, costaccounting and execution of projects. Which may be aptly utilized for preparation and execution of National Mandatory Water Audit Framework.
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Thanks by Shri Sanjeev Aggarwal, Chief Engineer (P&D), Shri Ravi Shanker, Director & Shri P K Sharma, Dy. Director, River Data Directorate, Central Water Commission
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