S15- Water Availability and Issues in Development of Hydro-power/Thermal Power
DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE TURBINE FOR HILLY AREAS A Tamil Chandran G Anil Jacob Chandapillai Fluid Control Research Institute Energy management Centre Fluid Control Research Institute Palakkad, India Thiruvanandapuram, India Palakkad, India tamilchandran@fcriindia.com emck@keralaenergy.gov.in jacobchandapillai@fcriindia.com
Presented by A. TAMIL CHANDRAN Fluid Control Research Institute Palakkad, India
Introduction • Hydropower is a very clean source of energy • In many of the hilly areas there are no electric grids, good potential is available for the development of micro hydro power which can be used for local use • Small scale hydropower can be used decentralised and be locally implemented and managed
TURBINE DEVELOPMENT •
•
•
Small streams running in the hilly areas of Kerala state, especially where there are no electric grids, exist good potential for development of micro hydropower for local use. Already some of the enterprising individuals are running such micro hydro turbines for electricity generation in a limited way, by sacrificing the safety standards. There is a necessity for introducing a cost effective, standard & reliable portable micro hydro turbine generator set for the rural application, since no reliable set is available in local market, except for some crude & locally manufactured sets or imported ones. For meeting this requirement a 10kw cross flow micro turbine is developed. The turbine has a Stainless steel runner of 150mm diameter and a width of 130 mm with guide vanes made of stainless steel. The turbine casting is made up of MS plate and shaft is made of carbon steel. Labyrinth seals and taper roller bearing are provided on the drive shaft. The prototype is design to develop 7.5kw on 35m head and a discharge of 160 m3/hr.
Specifications of the turbine • • • • • • •
Head in m 20-40 Area of jet in sq. m 0.0155 Discharge 72-162 m3/hr Runner diameter in mm 150 Speed in rpm 800-1200 Runner width in mm 130 Number of blades 28
Turbine construction • Simple in construction • Less number of parts like Runner, guide wane, casing Easy construction Easy in maintenance
Turbine testing Testing for Runaway speed Depending on the type of turbine, it can attain 2 or 3 times the nominal speed Efficiency The efficiency guaranteed may be verified in accordance with the "International Code for the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines" (IEC 60041) or, if applied, in accordance with the "International Code for model acceptance tests" (IEC 60193).
Equipments used Sl. No
EQUIPMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
1
Pump
Flow - upto 450 m^3/Hr Head – upto 100m
2
Electromagnetic Flow meter
Size - 6" 15 -600m^3/hr Uncertainty - +/- 0.3151 m^3/hr
3
Precision Pressure Guage
4
Torque Transducer
Range 0 - 1000 N-m Uncertainty - +/- 0.26 of FS
Tachometer
Range 100-10000 RPM Uncertainty - +/- 0.3 RPM
5
6
Dynamometer
PURPOSE Water supply to test rig.
Flow Measurement
Range 0 – 100 m Uncertainty - +/- 0.03% of reading
Range - 11 kw Intermittent Rating – 150%
Head measurement
Torque Measurement Turbine Shaft Speed measurement Loading instrument
Test Specification • Test pressure : 50kpa to 500kpa • Guide vane opening : 25%, 50%, 75% & 100% • Testing for Runaway speed determination and turbine efficiency
Test loop
Cross flow turbine
Speed Vs Efficiency 25% opening
75% opening
50% opening
100% opening
Hill diagram at 25 % & 50 % guide vane opening 20
28
0.62
0.485
20
24
20
16
32
32 32
24
20
28
12
28
16
0.480
0.475
24
20
24
Q11
0.58
16
12 16 20
24
24
20
16
8
20
12
16
28
28 20
20
24 20 16
12
0.470
20
24
24
24
16
0.465
20
8
24
28
0.60
8
20
20
Q11
12
20
24
16
16
28
28
8
20 16 12
28
0.56
12
4
8
24
16 20 28
0.460 12 24
20
16
16
15
20
25
30
35
n11
8
12
0.455 40
45
50
0.54
16
24 20
30
40
n11
20 50
16
12
8
60
Hill diagram at 75 % & 100 % guide vane opening 48
0.80 36
40
44
32
40
44
0.78
40 36
44
32 24
40 48
16
0.85 48
48 0.76
40 40
32
0.74
36
Q11
40 0.72
32 28
32
0.80
56
32 28 36 24 32
0.68
48
16 32
24
24 16
24 40 32 40
40
32
40 40 48
40
0.75
36
32
32 24
48
24
28
0.70
40
56 56
36
Q11
36
40
20 16 12
32
32
32
24
32 24
28
24
28 32
0.70
24
0.66
20
24
28 30
40
16 50
n11
12
40
48
32
48
8
60
30
40
50
n11
16
24
60
16 70
PROJECT SITE & INSTALLATION
CONCLUTION • maximum efficiency obtained is 55% • Condition for maximum efficiency is : Head of 8 m to 10.5 m in 100% guide vane opening • There is a further scope for improvement for improving the efficiency by modifying the guide vane profiles. It is suggested to study the efficiency with different guide vane design for further improvement.
Thank You